Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display including: a liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer is installed between two glass substrates; polarizing plates on both surfaces of the liquid crystal cell; and a backlight at a rear side of the liquid crystal cell, which is a non-visual side, wherein in a polarizing plate at a front side of the liquid crystal cell, which is a visual side, a difference in a moisture content of the polarizing plate at the front side under a specific condition in elapse of time is 0.01% or more and 3.0% or less.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device improved in front surface luminance, having a backlight unit, a light conversion member, a polarization separating member, a liquid crystal cell, and a display-side polarizer; the backlight unit includes an unpolarized blue light source and a reflection member that converts circularly-polarized to unpolarized blue light and reflects same; the light conversion member includes a circularly polarized luminescence fluorescent material that emits green and red lights which are circularly-polarized; the polarization separating member includes a reflection polarizer that separates the unpolarized blue light into blue transmitted light that is right- or left-circularly-polarized light and blue reflected light that is the other circularly-polarized light and a ?/4 plate that converts the blue transmitted light, the green and red lights, which are circularly-polarized, to linearly-polarized lights; and an absorption axis of the display-side polarizer is parallel to vibration directions o

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes: a plurality of light sources provided, respectively, in a plurality of first divided regions; a first suppressing member that suppresses, for each of the plurality of first divided regions, spreading of light emitted from a light source provided in the first divided region; a conversion member that converts the color of the light emitted from the light sources and emits light of the converted color; and a diffusing member that is provided on a side closer to the emission surface than the conversion member so as to diffuse the light emitted from the conversion member, wherein the diffusing member is apart from the conversion member by a predetermined distance.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display module includes a liquid crystal panel and a backlight source; the liquid crystal panel includes an array substrate, the backlight source includes a plurality of scattering lenses, a plurality of optical pipes, and a light source; one side of each scattering lens is provided with a scatter surface, an end of each scattering lens away from the scatter surface is connected to an end of an optical pipe, the other end of the optical pipe is connected to the light source, and the scattering lens is used to scatter light passing through the optical pipe. A display device including the liquid crystal display module is further disclosed. The liquid crystal display module can improve the utilization ratio of light and reduce the power consumption.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display substrate including a display area including a plurality of pixel areas and a non-display area at edge sides of the display area; and an aligning agent-accommodating structure including a capping layer disposed in the non-display area to be opened inward of the display substrate. The aligning agent-accommodating structure accommodates an aligning agent applied to the display area.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel and a method for manufacturing the same, and a display device are provided. The liquid crystal display panel includes: an array substrate, a color film substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a first alignment layer and a second alignment layer. The first alignment layer includes a first alignment region corresponding to an opening region and a second alignment region corresponding to a light shielding region. An alignment direction of the first alignment region is different from an alignment direction of the second alignment region, and an alignment direction of a region in the second alignment layer is parallel to an alignment direction of a region in the first alignment layer corresponding to the region in the second alignment layer. According to the present disclosure, a color mixing and color cast phenomenon in the liquid crystal display panel is alleviated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device that prevents a color shift by allowing two sub-pixel areas to have the same transmittance. A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention includes a data line that includes: a connection portion having a direction of extension perpendicular to that of a gate line; a first portion oriented at a first angle with respect to a direction of extension of the connection portion; and a second portion oriented at a second angle different from the first angle with respect to the direction of extension of the connection portion, and wherein an angle between a rubbing direction of the liquid crystal and the connection portion satisfies ? L = ? 2 - ? 1 2 (where ?L is the angle between the rubbing direction of the liquid crystal and the direction of extension of the connection portion, ?1: the first angle, ?2: the second angle).

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first substrate including a display area and a terminal area, a second substrate opposed to the display area, a first sealing member formed between the first and second substrate and surrounding the display area, a second sealing member formed between the first sealing member and a first edge of the second substrate located at the terminal area side, and a first spacer formed between the first and second sealing member and formed at least in contact with the second sealing member. The first spacer includes a first side surface at the second sealing member side and a second side surface at the first sealing member side, and the first side surface at least partly projects toward the first edge.

Abstract: To improve the reliability of a display device, a liquid crystal display device includes a substrate having a back surface, a substrate having a front surface opposing the back surface, a display functional layer arranged between the substrate and the substrate, and a sealing section SL that adhesively fixes the substrates around the display functional layer in a plan view. The sealing section SL includes a member PS extending along an outer edge of the display functional layer and sealing materials adjacently arranged on both sides of the member PS and continuously surrounding the periphery of the display functional layer in a plan view. The member PS includes a plurality of portions PS1 having a height TK1 and a plurality of portions PS2 arranged among the plurality of portions PS1 and having a height TK2 smaller than the height TK1.

Abstract: To provide a display device of high quality and high reliability by securely sealing the gap between the bezel and the display panel even when variation is generated in the gap. The display device includes: a display panel including a display face; a bezel which includes a frame part and an aperture end that is on the inner side of the frame part, and covers the fringe of the display panel on the display face side by the frame part; a frontal panel provided by sandwiching the bezel on the display face side of the display panel; and a resin member provided along the whole circumference of the aperture end of the bezel. The resin member has a first resin member formed on the display face and a second resin member formed to cover over the first resin member and a surface of the bezel opposing to the frontal panel.

Abstract: A display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a flexible first substrate including a display area, and a non-display area around the display area, a first piezoelectric material layer—at one side of the first substrate, an intermediate electrode layer contacting the first piezoelectric material layer, a piezoelectric material layer driver coupled to the intermediate electrode layer, and configured to apply a driving voltage to the intermediate electrode layer to form an electric field at the first piezoelectric material layer, a thin film transistor at one side of the first substrate, and a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a first substrate including a first sub-pixel region, a second sub-pixel region, and a white sub-pixel region; a first color filter disposed on the first substrate in the first sub-pixel region; a second color filter disposed on the first substrate in the second sub-pixel region; an organic layer disposed on the first substrate, the organic layer covering the first color filter, the second color filter, and the white sub-pixel region; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a compensation pattern disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the compensation pattern being further disposed in the white sub-pixel region. A height of the liquid crystal layer corresponding to the white sub-pixel region is smaller than heights of the liquid crystal layer corresponding to the first sub-pixel region and the second sub-pixel region.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate spaced from a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, a gate line, a data line, a first sub-pixel electrode, and a second sub-pixel electrode on the first substrate. The display device also includes a first switch and a second switch. The first switch is connected to the gate line, the data line, and the first sub-pixel electrode. The second switch is connected to the gate line, the data line, and the second sub-pixel electrode. The second switch includes a first gate electrode connected to the gate line and a second gate electrode not connected to the gate line.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a pixel arrangement structure, a display panel and a display device. The pixel arrangement structure includes a plurality of first sub-pixels, a plurality of second sub-pixels and a plurality of third sub-pixels. Each pixel includes one first sub-pixel, each second sub-pixel is shared by at least two adjacent pixels and each third sub-pixel is shared by at least two adjacent pixels. A density of the sub-pixels is 1.5 times larger than a density of the pixels in a first direction of a pixel array, and a density of the sub-pixels is 1.5 times larger than a density of the pixels in a second direction of the pixel array. The first direction is different from the second direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes substrates facing each other, plural pixels, a liquid crystal layer between the substrates, and a pixel electrode in each pixel. The pixel electrode defines: a first stem extending in a first direction, a second stem extending in a second direction, first edge bars extending in the first direction and connected to the second stem, second edge bars extending in the second direction and connected to the first stem, and plural branches extending from the first or second stem and inclined with respect to the first or second directions and terminating spaced apart from the first and second edge bars. Distal ends of each of the first edge bars are spaced apart from distal ends of each of second edge bars, and in the second direction, each of the first edge bars overlaps lines along which the second edge bars respectively lengthwise extend.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device according to FFS technology is capable of providing a common electrode with common electric potential. A pixel electrode is formed of a first layer transparent electrode. A common electrode made of a second layer transparent electrode is formed above the pixel electrode interposing an insulation film between them. The common electrode in an upper layer is provided with a plurality of slits. The common electrode extends over all the pixels in a display region. An end of the common electrode is disposed on a periphery of the display region and connected with a peripheral common electric potential line that provides a common electric potential Vcom. There is provided neither an auxiliary common electrode line nor a pad electrode, both of which are provided in a liquid crystal display device according to a conventional art.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a display device has a first electrode, a second electrode and liquid crystal layer. When a voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes, the major axes of the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a third direction. When a voltage is applied between the first and second electrodes, the major axes are oriented so as to rise in a direction perpendicular to a first substrate while rotating clockwise in a vicinity of one of long sides of comb tooth portion that face each other and counterclockwise in a vicinity of the other of the long sides. An angle between an electrode base-side portion of a long side of each comb tooth portions and the third direction is larger than an angle between a distal end-side portion of the long side of each comb tooth portions and the third direction.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes first and second substrates, and liquid crystal layer. The first substrate includes first and second electrodes. The second electrode includes comblike electrodes extending in parallel to a first direction and tapered toward tips thereof, and a connecting portion which connects the comblike electrodes. An initial alignment direction is parallel to the first direction or a direction orthogonal to the first direction. The comblike electrode includes a first part having sides each form a first angle with the first direction, and a second part having sides each form a second angle with the first direction, the second angle being greater than the first angle.

Abstract: In an image display device including a first display panel and a second display panel, there are provided a first panel body, a first panel body emission-side polarizing plate disposed at a front-surface side with respect to the first panel body, a second panel body, a second panel body incidence-side polarizing plate disposed at a back-surface side with respect to the second panel body, at least one inter-panel polarizing plate disposed between the first panel body and the second panel body, and a back-surface irradiation light source configured to emit light toward the back-surface side. The back-surface irradiation light source is provided in one of regions between the first panel body emission-side polarizing plate and the second panel body incidence-side polarizing plate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a first insulation substrate; a gate line disposed on the first insulation substrate; a first data line and a second data line disposed on the first insulation substrate; a color filter disposed on the first insulation substrate and disposed between the first data line and the second data line; a first light blocking member disposed on the first data line and the second data line; and a second light blocking member disposed on the color filter and the first light blocking member, extending in the same direction as the gate line, and overlapping the first light blocking member on the first data line and the second data line.

Abstract: A display device includes: first and second drain electrodes; an organic insulating film; an inorganic insulating film formed on the organic insulating film; and first and second pixel electrodes formed on the inorganic insulating film. The organic insulating film includes an organic insulating film opening spanning the first drain electrode and the second drain electrode. The inorganic insulating film covering the organic insulating film includes first and second inorganic insulating film openings. The first pixel electrode is connected to the first drain electrode via the first inorganic insulating film opening. The second pixel electrode is connected to the second drain electrode via the second inorganic insulating film opening.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device in which smear error is suppressed and transmittance is uniform is provided. In a liquid crystal display device which includes a plurality of pixels and uses comb-teeth-shaped transparent conductive films 110 as common wirings, the common wirings include mesh-shaped common metal wirings 101v and 101h extending in a vertical direction and a horizontal direction and the comb-teeth-shaped transparent conductive films 110 are connected between adjacent pixels.

Abstract: An array substrate and a liquid crystal display panel including the array substrate are provided. The array substrate includes: multiple pixel units; at least one additional functional area located in each row of a matrix formed by the multiple pixel units, where the additional functional area is provided with a gate signal detecting transistor; and a detection signal output line and a preset signal line connected with each other. By detecting whether a drive signal on a gate line is normal using the gate signal detecting transistor, the problem of manually detecting one-by one whether a signal on a gate line is normal can be avoided, thereby improving the detection efficiency and accuracy.

Abstract: An electrically suppressed helix (ESH) ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) display cell with fast response includes: a liquid crystal layer, disposed between two transparent substrates, wherein helix pitch of chiral smectic liquid crystals of the liquid crystal layer is less than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer; at least one polarizer; and a voltage source, configured to apply electrical driving voltage pulses to electrodes of the display cell with amplitude greater than a critical voltage for helix unwinding of the chiral smectic liquid crystals.

Abstract: A sub-wavelength grating is placed inside a liquid crystal variable optical retarder to reduce polarization dependence of the optical retardation generated by the variable optical retarder. A small thickness of the sub-wavelength grating, as compared to a conventional waveplate, reduces the driving voltage penalty due to the in-cell placement of the sub-wavelength grating.

Abstract: A thin film optical switch includes a layer of photosensitive material that extends laterally with first and second electrodes are spaced apart laterally from one another along the layer of photo sensitive material. The first and second electrodes contact the photo sensitive material at first and second junctions, respectively. At least one field plate is electrically insulated from the photo sensitive material and extends laterally along the layer of photo sensitive material over the first or the second junction. The field plate is electrically connected to the first electrode or the second electrode.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a display apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof. The display apparatus comprises a display device, an out-cell device and a flexible printed circuit board for being connected to an external signal. The display device has a first category of leads and a second category of leads; the out-cell device has reserved leads, and the reserved leads are electrically connected to the second category of leads; and the flexible printed circuit board has a first category of pins and a second category of pins, the first category of leads are electrically connected to the first category of pins, and the second category of leads are electrically connected to the second category of pins. In this way, the reserved leads are electrically connected to the second category of leads, while the second category of leads are electrically connected to the second category of pins, thereby enabling conduction between the out-cell device and the external signal.

Abstract: Potential non-uniformity in a surface of an electrode in an electrochromic element is improved during coloring and color erasing. The electrochromic element includes a pair of transparent electrodes and an electrochromic layer placed between the transparent electrodes. Each of the transparent electrodes includes an end portion having an electric supply portion. The electric supply portions face each other. The surface resistivity of each of the transparent electrodes increases with the increase of the distance from a corresponding one of the electric supply portions. The potential of the transparent electrodes is such that the difference between the maximum and minimum potentials in a surface of each transparent electrode is less than or equal to a predetermined value.

Abstract: Onboard EC window controllers are described. The controllers are configured in close proximity to the EC window, for example, within the IGU. The controller may be part of a window assembly, which includes an IGU having one or more EC panes, and thus does not have to be matched with the EC window, and installed, in the field. The window controllers described herein have a number of advantages because they are matched to the IGU containing one or more EC devices and their proximity to the EC panes of the window overcomes a number of problems associated with conventional controller configurations.

Abstract: A constitution of the display device of the invention is shown in the following. The display device includes a pixel unit including TFTs of which the active layer contains an organic semiconductor material for forming channel portions in the opening portions in an insulating layer arranged to meet the gale electrodes. The pixel unit further includes a contrast media formed on the electrodes connected to the TFTs for changing the reflectivity upon the application of an electric field, or microcapsules containing electrically charged particles that change the reflectivity upon the application of an electric field. The pixel unit is sandwiched by plastic substrates, and barrier layers including an inorganic insulating material are provided between the plastic substrates and the pixel unit. The purpose of the present invention is to supply display devices which are excellent in productivity, light in weight and flexible.

Abstract: A projector capable of simultaneous or concurrent projection in different positions in the depth direction. The projector includes a plurality of display sections each of which forms a collimated image light ray, a superimposing optical system that superimposes the image light rays having exited out of the plurality of display sections on one another with the image light rays unfocused, a projection optical system that projects an image corresponding to the image light rays superimposed by the superimposing optical system, and a circuit apparatus that causes the image light rays to exit out of local image source areas set in the plurality of display sections to shift a position where the image light rays are superimposed on one another to a plurality of superimposition positions different from one another along an optical axis.

Abstract: A projection device for projecting images on a surface of the device includes an outer housing having a front translucent screen, a projection module frame mounted on an inner surface of the outer housing, and a projection roller frame supported by the projection module frame. The projection roller frame includes first and second spaced apart rollers rotatable respectively on two opposite cylindrical ends integrally formed on a lampshade. A cylindrical projection film is held between the first and second rollers. A light source is mounted inside the lampshade so that an image formed on the projection film can be projected on the front translucent screen by the light source. The device further includes a gear mechanism for driving the rollers, a position-limiting mechanism, and a speaker.

Abstract: A light source device includes light sources having semiconductor lasers, a condensing lens, an optical component between the light sources and the condensing lens, and a phosphor wheel. The optical component has an inclined optical surface, and the inclined optical surface has different inclination angles for each of the light sources. Some of the semiconductor lasers are first semiconductor lasers having a short axis of the shape of its condensing spot aligned in a first direction and some of them are second semiconductor lasers having a short axis in a second direction that is different from the first direction. A light diffusing layer is disposed in the optical path of the emitting light of either the first semiconductor laser or the second semiconductor laser. A light scattering layer is disposed in the optical path of the emitting light of either the first semiconductor laser or the second semiconductor laser.

Abstract: A light source apparatus according to an aspect of the invention includes a first light source section that includes a first solid-state light source that emits excitation light, a second light source section that includes a second solid-state light source that emits red light and a third solid-state light source that emits blue light and outputs color light containing the red light and the blue light, and a rotor irradiated with the excitation light and the color light. The rotor is provided with a phosphor section that emits fluorescence when irradiated with the excitation light and a diffuser section that diffuses the color light and outputs the diffused color light with the phosphor section and the diffuser section provided along the direction of rotation of the rotor.

Abstract: A projection optical system is disclosed. The projection optical system includes a first optical system configured to form a first image conjugated with an object and a second optical system configured to project a second image conjugated with the first image toward a projection surface. At least one of the first optical system and second optical system includes at least one optical element(s) movable relative to the object is provided. An image distance of the projection optical system is changed and a size of the second image is changed, by moving at least one of the optical element(s) relative to the object.

Abstract: An illumination unit includes one or more light sources each including a solid-state light-emitting device having a light emission region configured of one or more light-emission spots, one or more traveling-direction angle conversion device each converting a traveling-direction-angle of light, and an integrator including a first fly-eye lens having cells which receive light from the traveling-direction angle conversion device and a second fly-eye lens having cells which receive light from the first fly-eye lens, the integrator uniformalizing illumination distribution in a predetermined illumination area. An optical system configured with the traveling-direction angle conversion device and the first and second fly-eye lenses has an optical magnification which allows each of light source images to have a size not exceeding a size of the cell in the second fly-eye lens, the light source images being formed on the second fly-eye lens by the respective cells in the first fly-eye lens.

Abstract: A position acquiring unit acquires position information for identifying a position of a projection surface on which a first projecting unit projects an image. A projection information acquiring unit acquires projection information related to the projection performed by a second projecting unit. The controlling unit controls the first projecting unit to project an image on the projection surface based on the position information and the projection information.

Abstract: To provide a transmission-type transparent screen which is excellent in the see-through property for a scene on the other side of the transparent screen as viewed from an observer in a state where no image-forming light is projected from a projector and which is excellent in visibility of an image displayed on the transparent screen as viewed from the observer in a state where image-forming light is projected from the projector, as well as an image display system and an image display method, employing the transparent screen. A transmission-type transparent screen 1 which has a first surface A and a second surface B on the opposite side thereof and which has a light scattering layer 34 comprising a transparent resin 32 and a light scattering material 33, wherein the light scattering layer 34 further contains a light absorbing material, the haze is from 3 to 30%, the total light transmittance is from 15 to 95%, and the diffuse reflectance is from 0.1 to 2.4%.

Abstract: An image projection unit includes: a light source unit; a plurality of reflection-type image display elements; a plurality of total reflection prisms configured to guide lights of multiple colors emitted from the light source unit to the reflection-type image display elements and to emit the lights reflected from the reflection-type image display elements; a color synthesis prism configured to receive the lights emitted from the total reflection prisms, synthesize the lights, and emit the synthesized lights; a holding member fixed to the color synthesis prism and holding the reflection-type image display elements; and a base member supporting the color synthesis prism and the plurality of total reflection prisms

Abstract: A method of producing a packaging material for making a packaging bag configured to contain hair dye includes the steps of preparing a first biaxially-oriented polyester film and an aluminum foil film, coating them with adhesives, and hot pressing them; preparing a second biaxially-oriented polyester film and roughening opposite surfaces thereof; coating one surface of the second biaxially-oriented polyester film with an adhesive, adhere it to the aluminum foil film and hot pressing them; preparing a cast polypropylene film and coating a surface thereof with an adhesive; and adhering the surface of the cast polypropylene film to the other surface of the second biaxially-oriented polyester film and hot pressing them.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a light reflection type lithography mask including: a substrate; and a reflection layer. The reflection layer is formed on the substrate, and has a first pattern and a second pattern as viewed from above. The second pattern is located so as to be closest to one of one side and the other side of the first pattern in a first direction. A reflectivity at a portion corresponding to the first pattern is different from a reflectivity at a portion corresponding to the second pattern.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for producing a mask and a mask obtained by this method. The mask is configured to shield light during an exposure of a product. The method includes steps of: producing a composite membrane, wherein the composite membrane includes a first protection layer, a bonding layer, a shielding layer and a second protection layer stacked in sequence; only cutting the first protection layer, the bonding layer and the shielding layer of the composite membrane, wherein a cutting line corresponds to a shape of an area to be exposed of the product; removing the first protection layer and cut portions of the bonding layer and the shielding layer which have a same shape as that of the area to be exposed; attaching the formed composite membrane onto a base substrate of an open mask, and removing the second protection layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to semiconductor structures and, more particularly, to modified surfaces of extreme ultraviolet lithography photomasks and methods of manufacture. The structure includes a reflective surface having a patterned design, and a black border region at edges of the patterned design. The black border region includes a modified surface morphology to direct light away from reaching a subsequent mirror.

Abstract: Provided is a mask blank in which a thin film for transfer pattern formation is provided on a main surface of a transparent substrate. The thin film is made of a material containing a transition metal and silicon and further containing at least one of oxygen and nitrogen. The thin film has as its surface layer an oxide layer with an oxygen content higher than that of the thin film of a region other than the surface layer. The thin film is formed so that the thickness of its outer peripheral portion is greater than that of its central portion on the main surface side. The oxide layer is formed so that the thickness of its outer peripheral portion is greater than that of its central portion on the main surface side.

Abstract: A spacer manufacturing device is disclosed. The device includes a photo mask having a central light-transmitting region and a peripheral light-transmitting region disposed at a periphery of the central light-transmitting region; and an exposure device right opposite to the photo mask. Wherein, light emitted from the exposure device is irradiated to a negative photoresist material after passing through the photo mask, the light intensity passing through the peripheral light-transmitting region is less than the light intensity passing through the central light-transmitting region. A spacer is also disclosed. Only one exposure process is required to realize the spacer having a convex-shaped cross section. The process is simple and the manufacturing cost is low. At the same time, a flatness of the convex shoulder of the spacer having a convex-shaped cross section is adjustable, which can satisfy the requirement for manufacturing spacers having different specifications.

Abstract: A method is provided for fabricating a photolithographic mask. The method includes providing a transparent substrate; and forming an opaque layer on the transparent substrate. The method also includes writing layout patterns with at least one sub-resolution assistant feature with non-uniform size along a longitudinal direction to increase an adhesion force between the sub-resolution assistant feature with non-uniform size along the longitudinal direction and the transparent substrate in the opaque layer. Further, the method include cleaning residual matters generated by writing the layout patterns in the opaque layer. Further, the method also includes spin-drying the transparent substrate with the layout patterns and the sub-resolution assistant feature with non-uniform size along the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides an imprint apparatus comprising at least one first detector configured to detect a first number of first marks among a plurality of marks formed in the plurality of shot regions, a second detector having a field of view wider than that of the first detector, and configured to detect a second number of second marks different from the first marks among the plurality of marks, the second number being larger than the first number, and a controller configured to align the plurality of shot regions and the mold by using a detection result from the second detector.

Abstract: A resist composition contains: a novolak resin (A1) having a protective group capable of being cleaved by action of an acid, an acid generator (B), an anticorrosive agent (G), and a solvent (D) as well as a method for producing a resist pattern includes steps (1) to (4); (1) applying the resist composition according to the above onto a substrate; (2) drying the applied composition to form a composition layer; (3) exposing the composition layer; and (4) developing the exposed composition layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition for forming a resist underlayer film used as an underlayer of a resist for nanoimprint in nanoimprint lithography of a pattern forming process by heat-baking, light-irradiation, or a combination thereof to form the resist underlayer film. The composition includes a silicon atom-containing polymerizable compound (A), a polymerization initiator (B), and a solvent (C). The polymerizable compound (A) may contain silicon atoms in a content of 5 to 45% by mass. The polymerizable compound (A) may be a polymerizable compound having at least one cation polymerizable reactive group, a polymerizable compound having at least one radical polymerizable reactive group, or a combination thereof, and the polymerization initiator (B) may be a photopolymerization initiator.

Abstract: A fragmentation pattern is formed on a surface of a warhead using a lithographic process. A photoresistant material is coated on an interior surface of the warhead casing. A portion of the photoresistant material is selectively cured by projecting an image of the fragmentation pattern onto the photoresistant material. The uncured portion of the photoresistant material is removed and an etchant is applied to the exposed portion of the warhead casing surface thereby etching the fragmentation pattern. Alternatively, a protective coating is applied over the entire surface thereby creating the fragmentation pattern.