Abstract: A composite sintered body includes a first phase and a second phase. The first phase is a diamond phase, and the second phase is a phase formed of one or more types of elements or compounds or both thereof and applying strain to the first phase. A contained amount of the second phase is larger than 0 ppm and not larger than 1000 ppm. As a result, there is provided a high wear-resistant, high local wear-resistant, and high chipping-resistant diamond-containing composite sintered body.

Abstract: A method and resulting composition made by: providing boron carbide and a dopant selected from silicon, aluminum, magnesium, and beryllium; and ball milling the boron carbide with the dopant until at least one out of fifteen of the boron and/or carbon atoms of the boron carbide are substituted with the dopant.

Abstract: A CBN sintered body contains CBN, a binder phase and inevitable impurities. An amount of CBN by volume is between 50%-80%. A total amount of binder phase and inevitable impurities by volume is between 20%-50%. The binder phase contains an Al compound and a Ti compound. The Al compound contains Al and one or more of N, O and B. The Ti compound contains Ti and one or more of C, N and B. When an X-ray diffraction intensity at a (100) plane of the AlN is I1 and an X-ray diffraction intensity at a (104) plane of the Al2O3 is I2, I1/I2 is between 6 and 40. When a total area of the cubic boron nitride and the Al compound is S1, and an area of a region at which the CBN and the Al compound are continuously contacted is S2, S2/S1 is between 0.98 and 1.00.

Abstract: A thermal insulator with both excellent heat insulation and strength and a method of manufacturing the thermal insulator are provided. A thermal insulator according to the present invention includes metal oxide fine particles with an average particle diameter equal to or smaller than 50 nm and a reinforcing fiber, wherein the thermal insulator has a bridge structure between the metal oxide fine particles which is formed by elution of part of the metal oxide fine particles. A method of manufacturing a thermal insulator according to the present invention includes a curing step of curing a dry pressed compact including metal oxide fine particles with an average particle diameter equal to or smaller than 50 nm and a reinforcing fiber under a pressurized vapor saturated atmosphere at a temperature equal to or higher than 100° C. for four hours and a drying step of drying the cured dry pressed compact.

Abstract: A method for producing a ceramic honeycomb structure comprising a ceramic honeycomb body having large numbers of longitudinal cells partitioned by porous cell walls, and a peripheral wall formed on a peripheral surface of the ceramic honeycomb structure, comprising the steps of extruding a moldable ceramic material to form a honeycomb-structured ceramic green body; machining a peripheral portion of the green body or a sintered body obtained from the green body to remove part of cell walls in the peripheral portion, thereby obtaining the ceramic honeycomb body having longitudinal grooves on the peripheral surface; applying a coating material to the peripheral surface of the ceramic honeycomb body to form the peripheral wall, as well as to peripheral portions of both end surfaces of the ceramic honeycomb body; and inserting the coating material applied to the peripheral portions of both end surfaces into peripheral cells, with partially remaining on the peripheral portions.

Abstract: A ceramic element includes: a ceramic body; a first coating layer disposed on a first part of a front surface of the ceramic body; and a second coating layer disposed on a second part of a back surface of the ceramic body. The first coating layer continuously extends from the front surface to a first region of a side surface of the ceramic body, the side surface being a machined surface, and the first region being a front side region of the side surface. The second coating layer continuously extends from the back surface to a second region of the side surface of the ceramic body, the second region being a back side region of the side surface. In the machined surface, one of the first and second coating layers is disposed at least partially on the other of the first and second coating layers.

Abstract: It has been discovered that waste cross-linked polymer materials both synthetic (scrap tire rubber, used polyurethane, and epoxy and phenol resins in discarded printed circuit boards) and natural (wood biomass, keratin, and chitin) can be conveniently depolymerized at slightly elevated temperatures and moderate pressures by the action of a liquid chemical reagent. The proposed inexpensive process results in a substantial to total depolymerization of synthetic polymers and thereby recovers valuable liquid and solid materials. When applied to lignocellulosic biomass, the proposed process, depending on the reaction conditions, either unlocks the lignin-hemicellulose matrix making cellulose more available for fermenting microorganisms or results in carbonization, or coalification of the biomass that may be desirable in terms of sequestering excessive carbon from the Earth's biosphere.

Abstract: A titanium-containing formulation contains complexes of titanium salts with an ascorbic acid and a citric acid, a preservative agent, and water-soluble sulfates of metals absorbable by plants, and optionally additional plant nutrients, in particular nitrogen and potassium. The titanium-containing formulation is a product of titanium complexation reaction of titanyl sulfate with a mixture of ascorbic acid and citric acid in aqueous environment alkalized with magnesium hydroxide in presence of acetic acid, at a mass ratio of magnesium, calculated as MgO, to titanium amounting from 1:1 to 20:1. Furthermore, in the titanium-containing formulation a mass ratio of the ascorbic acid to the citric acid amounts from 5:1 to 3:5, a mass ratio of the ascorbic acid to titanium amounts from 7:2 to 10:1, and a mass ratio of the magnesium hydroxide, calculated as MgO, to the acetic acid, calculated as 100% of the acetic acid, amounts from 8:1 to 3:5.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of ethene by vapor phase chemical dehydration of a feed comprising ethanol, said process comprising contacting the feed with a supported heteropolyacid catalyst in a reactor, wherein the feed temperature is at least 250° C. and the pressure inside the reactor is at least 0.80 MPa but less than 1.80 MPa.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the production of butadiene from an ethanol feed comprising at least 80% by weight of ethanol, comprising a step for conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde, a step for the extraction of butadiene, a step for scrubbing gaseous by-products with water, a step for eliminating impurities and brown oils, a step for treating effluents, a first butadiene purification step, and a subsequent butadiene purification step, said ethanol feed being supplied to said butadiene extraction step, the arrangement of the steps and recycles allowing the recycles to be maximized and allowing the water and energy consumption to be minimized.

Abstract: An ionic liquid reactor and a process for controlling heat generation from an ionic liquid reactor unit. The ionic liquid reactor includes an internal heat exchanger. Impellers break the ionic liquid into small droplets to ensure reactions and mix the fluids to ensure reactions and enhance heat exchanger. Baffles may be used to direct the flow of the fluids within the reactor.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for use therein for the production of aromatics via the oxidative coupling of methane and methane co-aromatization with higher hydrocarbons in a single reaction stage. First, methane is partially converted to ethane and ethylene on an OCM catalyst component, and the OCM intermediate mixture containing methane, ethane and ethylene is subsequently converted into aromatics on an aromatization catalyst component. The reaction may be conducted at 550-850° C. and at about 50 psig. The claimed process and catalyst used therein achieves high methane conversion at lower temperatures (less than 800° C.), higher methane conversion into the aromatic products and significant reductions in production cost when compared to the traditional two (or more) step processes.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are provided for forming C8 aromatic streams with selected amounts of C9 aromatics. In one embodiment, a method for forming a C8 aromatic stream with a selected amount of C9 aromatics includes fractionating a hydrocarbon stream including C8 and C9 aromatics into a sidedraw fraction and a bottom fraction. The sidedraw fraction includes a portion of the C8 aromatics and a portion of the C9 aromatics. The bottom fraction includes remaining C8 aromatics and C8+ hydrocarbons. The method further includes fractioning the bottom fraction and forming a heavy overhead fraction including the remaining C8 aromatics. Also, the method includes combining the sidedraw fraction and the heavy overhead fraction to form a combined stream having a C9 aromatics composition of from about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % about 2 wt % of a total weight of the combined stream.

Abstract: Azeotropic or azeotrope-like mixtures of 1,3-dichloro-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene (HCFO-1232zd) and hydrogen fluoride (HF). Such compositions are useful as a feed stock or intermediate in the production of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa),1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd), and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze).

Abstract: Azeotropic or azeotrope-like mixtures of 1,3,3-trichloro-3-fluoroprop-1-ene (HCFO-1231zd) and hydrogen fluoride (HF). Such compositions are useful as a feed stock or intermediate in the production of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa), 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd), and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze).

Abstract: The present technology is directed to processes involving formation of hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons through use of oxygen supplied by ion transport membranes. More particularly, the present technology relates in part to a process involving steam reforming and subsequent production of a synthetic product where carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen downstream of the process is reclaimed to generate the synthetic product. The present technology also relates in part to an ethylene formation process involving a viral-templated coupling catalyst in the presence of an ion transport membrane.

Abstract: A cannabidiol extraction and conversion process includes an extraction process including a sizing unit wherein raw Cannabis plant material is reduced to a uniform size, a blending unit wherein an extraction solvent is blended together with the Cannabis plant material to form an initial extract, and a primary solvent exchange rotary evaporator unit wherein an exchange solvent is added to the initial extract, and a processed extract rich in cannabidiol is obtained. A conversion process includes a conversion rotary reflux unit wherein the processed extract is combined and processed with an acidic component, a separator unit wherein a solvent is added and a separator organic effluent is obtained, a secondary solvent exchange rotary evaporator unit wherein a further solvent is added, and a fractionation unit wherein the tetrahydrocannabinol obtained is separated into a plurality of functional fractions for selective blending.

Abstract: Polyhydroxyfullerenes (PHFs) having enhanced electron scavenging capabilities have a ratio of non-hydroxyl functional groups to hydroxyl functional groups that is less than or equal to 0.3. When combined with a semiconductor photocatalyst, such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles, the PHFs provide a photocatalyst for degradation of chemical and biological contaminates with an efficiency of at least twice that of titanium dioxide nanoparticles free of PHFs. The PHFs are included in these catalysts at a weight ratio to titanium dioxide of about 0.001 to about 0.003, whereas significantly lower and higher ratios do not achieve the highly improved photodegradation capability. PHFs outside of the desired structure are shown to be of little value for photodegradation, and can be inhibiting to the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. The enhanced electron scavenging PHFs can be employed as a component of materials for solar cells, field effect transistors, and radical scavengers.

Abstract: A method of forming an alkoxylated fluoroalcohol is accomplished by providing a boron compound having or providing at least one boron-oxygen bond and an iodine source. The boron compound and iodine source are combined with reactants of a fluoroalcohol and an alkylene oxide in the presence of a base. The reactants are allowed to react to form an alkoxylated fluoroalcohol reaction product.

Abstract: A process for preparing unsymmetric biphenols, comprising: a) adding a first substituted phenol to the reaction mixture; b) adding a second substituted phenol having different substitution than the first phenol to the reaction mixture; c) adding selenium dioxide to the reaction mixture; d) adding a solvent; and e) heating the reaction mixture such that the first substituted phenol and the second phenol having different substitution are converted to an unsymmetric biphenol.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a compound that is resistant to decomposition even when coming into contact with a magnetic head, while enabling a reduced spacing between the magnetic head and a magnetic disk, and to provide a lubricant comprising the compound, and a magnetic disk comprising the compound. The present invention relates to a compound represented by formula (1), a lubricant comprising the compound, and a magnetic disk comprising the compound: C6H6-i—[O—(CH2)n—O—CH2—R—CH2—X]i??(1) wherein n is an integer of 2 to 6; i is an integer of 2 or 3; X is a group represented by —OH, —O—(CH2)m—OH, —OCH2CH(OH)CH2OH, —OCH2CH(OH)CH2O—C6H5, or —OCH2CH(OH)CH2O—C6H4—OCH3; m is an integer of 1 to 6; R is —(CF2)pO(CF2O)x(CF2CF2O)y(CF2CF2CF2O)z(CF2CF2CF2CF2O)w(CF2)p—; x and y are each a real number of 0 to 30; z is a real number of 0 to 30; w is a real number of 0 to 20; and p is an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of using homogenous rhodium-BIPHEPHOS catalysts comprising for the hydroformylation of an allyl alcohol. In some aspects, the methods provided herein relate to the hydroformylation of allyl alcohol to produce 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde in a continuous process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 1-(7,10,10-trimethyl-4-bicyclo[6.2.0]decanyl)ethanone, the use of 1-(7,10,10-trimethyl-4-bicyclo[6.2.0]decanyl)ethanone as a fragrance or as flavor, to a method for imparting or modifying a scent or a flavor to a composition by including said compound into such composition, to a fragrance containing composition and/or a fragrance material containing said compound and to a process for preparing 1-(7,10,10-trimethyl-4-bicyclo[6.2.0]decanyl)ethanone.

Abstract: The present invention discloses tricyclic compounds of formula (I) or salt thereof and their process for synthesis. Further, the present invention relates to the use of these novel tricyclic compounds of formula (I) or salt thereof as insect repellents.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing ?-fluoroacrylic acid esters at a high starting material conversion and a high yield. The present invention provides, as a means to achieve the object, a process for producing a compound represented by formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and each represent alkyl, fluoroalkyl, aryl optionally substituted with at least one substituent, halogen, or hydrogen; and R3 represents alkyl, fluoroalkyl, or aryl optionally substituted with at least one substituent, the process comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2): wherein the symbols are as defined above, with carbon monoxide and an alcohol represented by formula (3): R3—OH??(3) wherein the symbol is as defined above, in the presence of a transition metal complex catalyst containing at least one bidentate phosphine ligand and a base to thereby obtain the compound represented by formula (1).

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a purified chlorogenic acid-containing composition, including: a first step of dispersing or dissolving a raw material chlorogenic acid-containing composition in an aqueous solution of organic solvent; a second step of removing a precipitate from a dispersion or a solution obtained in the first step; and a third step of bringing a solution obtained in the second step into contact with activated carbon including activated carbon (A) having a pore volume of from 0.3 mL/g to 1.0 mL/g and activated carbon (B) having a pore volume larger than that of the activated carbon (A), in which a difference [(B)?(A)] in pore volume between the activated carbon (A) and the activated carbon (B) is from 0.1 mL/g to 1.5 mL/g.

Abstract: Novel compounds, called liamocins from Aureobasidium pullulans, having the general structure in Formula 1 are disclosed. where R1 is either COCH3 or H; and R2 is between two to ten O-linked 3,5-dihydroxydecanoate; and R3 can be a polyol (e.g., L- or D-glycerol, L- or D-threitol, L- or D-erythritol, L- or D-arabitol, L- or D-xylitol, L- or D-lyxitol, L- or D-ribitol, L- or D-allitol, L- or D-altritol, L- or D-mannitol, L- or D-iditol, L- or D-gulitol, L- or D-glucitol (also called sorbitol), L- or D-galactitol (also called dulcitol), and L- or D-talitol), 2-amino-D-mannitol, 2N-acetylamino-D-mannitol, L-rhamnitol, or D-fucitol; except when R3 is D-mannitol, R2 is not 2 nor 3 O-linked 3,5-dihydroxydecanoate chains. These liamocins described above in addition to D-mannitol liamocin A1, D-mannitol liamocin A2, D-mannitol liamocin B1, and D-mannitol liamocin B2, alone or in combination with each other, can be used to kill certain bacteria and to treat certain bacterial infections.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel aspirin derivatives useful for preventing and/or treating cancer. The novel compounds of this invention may be particularly useful for the prevention and/or treatment of cancers affecting the gastrointestinal system, such as colorectal cancer.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of ?/??-alcoxylated glycerol linear carbonic esters, wherein the following are brought into contact at a reaction temperature lower than 220° C.: a quantity of at least one precursor selected from the group consisting of ?/??-alcoxylated glycerol cyclo-carbonates; a quantity of at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, Lewis acids, organometallic catalysts and mineral bases; and a quantity of at least one organic primer. A composition containing at least one novel ?/??-alkoxylated glycerol linear carbonic ester.

Abstract: Provided is a novel compound having an excellent suppression effect against arrhythmia including atrial fibrillation and being useful as a pharmaceutical product without antiviral effect. Disclosed is a compound represented by the following General Formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof (in the formula, the dotted line portion represents a single bond or a double bond; R1 represents an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl group; Q represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or NR5; R2 represents —(C?O)—R6, —CHR6R7, or —CH2OR8; and R3 and R4, which may be identical or different, each represent an amino group, an azide group, or —X—R9, with the proviso that any one of R3 and R4 is an amino group).

Abstract: Described are antioxidant macromolecules and methods of making and using same.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the preparation of Iopamidol of formula (II) and comprising the following steps: a) reacting the Compound (I) wherein X is OR2 or R3, and wherein R2 and R3 are a Ci-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C6 aryl, optionally substituted with a group selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl and phenyl, with the acylating agent (S)-2-(acetyloxy)propanoyl chloride in a reaction medium to provide the acetyloxy derivative of Compound (I); b) hydrolyzing the intermediate from step a) with an aqueous solution at a pH comprised from 0 to 7, by adding water or a diluted alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, freeing the hydroxyls from the boron-containing protective groups, obtaining the N—(S)-2-(acetyloxy)propanoyl derivative of Compound (II); c) alkaline hydrolysis to restore the (S)-2-(hydroxy)propanoyl group and to obtain Iopamidol (II) and optional recovery of the boron deri

Abstract: A compound that is selected from the group consisting of 3-(3,4-dichloroanilino)-3-oxopropanoic acid (hereinafter “DCOPA”); N-methyl-DCOPA; N,2-dimethyl-DCOPA; 2-methyl-DCOPA; isobutyl-DCOPA; N-methyl-isobutyl DCOPA; 3-(3,4-bibromoanilino)-3-oxopropanoic acid; and analogs of DCOPA; and analogs of 3-(3,4-bibromoanilino)-3-oxopropanoic acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds, are disclosed. A method of controlling bone erosion in a patient comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one of these compounds, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of at least one of these compounds, is provided. A method of reducing inflammation in a patient having an inflammatory condition comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one of these compounds, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of at least one of these compounds is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds of formula I: and salts thereof. Also disclosed are compositions comprising of compounds of formula I and methods using compounds of formula I.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for pest control, and more particularly for control of ants, e.g., of the subfamily Myrmicinae, using tyramides.

Abstract: Novel crystal forms of (R)-(?)-verapamil hydrochloride are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides bio-based aromatic diisocyanate of formula (I). [Formula should be inserted here] wherein X is OCH3, Y is selected from —H or OCH3, and m=0-12. The present invention further provides a method for preparation of aromatic diisocyanate of formula (I) useful for preparation of polyurethane.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for preparing a high-purity sulfonamide compound and an intermediate of the sulfonamide compound. The method comprises the following steps: a, taking a crude product of a sulfonamide compound (I) as an initial raw material, and enabling the raw material to react with a compound of a formula (II) in presence of alkali and a catalyst so as to synthesize an intermediate of a formula (III); and b, enabling the compound represented by the formula (III) to react with alkali or acid, thereby obtaining the high-purity sulfonamide compound (I).

Abstract: This invention refer to a series of substances according to formula I: The substances according to formula I above, known as sulphate chelating agent have the ability to enlarge/loosen simple cell membrane nor common organic membrane and its synthesis process. Furthermore, these invented substances have the potential as the biocides raw material, with very low toxicity into mammal. These features make the substances of this invention become very useful on many applications.

Abstract: Non-ionic photo-acid generating (PAG) compounds were prepared that contain an aryl ketone group. The disclosed non-polymeric PAGs release a strong sulfonic acid when exposed to high energy radiation such as deep UV or extreme UV light. The photo-generated sulfonic acid has a low diffusion rate in an exposed resist layer subjected to a post-exposure bake (PEB) at 100° C. to 150° C., resulting in formation of good line patterns after development. At higher temperatures, the PAGs undergo a thermal reaction to form a sulfonic acid.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing florfenicol comprises the steps of cyclization, selective reduction, fluorination, ring opening, deprotection, acylation, esterification with sulfonic acids, epimerization and hydrolysis. Florfenicol is prepared by successively purifying, selectively reducing, and epimerizing chiral (R)-amino ketones. This improves atom economy, reduces waste water pollution and accordingly reduces costs for treating waste water and pollution to the environment, thus lowering costs and simplifying the process. Furthermore, triethylamine hydrofluoride is used as a fluorinating reagent, resulting in improved safety, because of the use of liquid reaction conditions as compared to gaseous reaction conditions, and reduced corrosion to the reaction equipment.

Abstract: The present invention provides hepatoprotectant acetaminophen mutual prodrugs, which have an acetaminophen moiety covalently linked to a second moiety that may act as a hepatoprotectant against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Additionally, acetaminophen mutual prodrugs may have improved water solubility which may provide better suitability for parenteral and other dosage forms relative to administration of acetaminophen. Also provided are methods of treating a disease or condition that is responsive to acetaminophen (such as fever, pain and ischemic injury) using hepatoprotectant acetaminophen mutual prodrugs, as well as kits and unit dosages.

Abstract: What is described is a compound having the formula wherein R1 is branched alkyl of the structure (CH3(CH2)m)2CH—, wherein m is 2 or 3; R2 is a linear alkyl of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 carbons, a branched alkyl of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 carbons, or an alkenyl or alkynyl of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 carbons; R3 is —(CH2)p—, wherein p is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; R4 and R5 are the same or different, each a hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons; L1 and L2 are the same or different, of the structure —(CH2)n—, wherein n is 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18; L3 is a bond; X1 is —CO—O— whereby -L2-CO—O—R2 is formed; X2 is S or O; and X3 is —CO—O— whereby -L1-CO—O—R1 is formed; and wherein m+n+p is 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, or 27; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A method for treating phytophotodermatitis including the steps of applying an isothiocyanate functional surfactant to an area affected by phytophotodermatitis, wherein said isothiocyanate functional surfactant comprises at least one isothiocyanate functional group associated with an aliphatic and/or aromatic carbon atom of the isothiocyanate functional surfactant.

Abstract: An isothiocyanate functional surfactant, wherein the protonated form of said surfactant is represented by the following chemical structure: wherein X includes an integer ranging from approximately 1 to approximately 25, and wherein Y includes an integer ranging from approximately 6 to approximately 25.

Abstract: An isothiocyanate functional surfactant formulation, wherein the protonated form of said surfactant is represented by the following chemical structure: wherein X includes an integer ranging from approximately 1 to approximately 25, and wherein Y includes an integer ranging from approximately 6 to approximately 25; and an emollient.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for producing powdered lauroyl peroxide which is characterized in that a reaction mixture is used which comprises water, lauric acid chloride, hydrogen peroxide, an inorganic base and an alkane.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I) are disclosed herein and their use in inhibiting quorum sensing in bacteria.

Abstract: Some embodiments described herein relate to ionic liquids comprising an anion of a heteraromatic compound such as optionally substituted pyrrolide, optionally substituted pyrazolide, optionally substituted indolide, optionally substituted phospholide, or optionally substituted imidazolide. Methods and devices for gas separation or gas absorption related to these ionic liquids are also described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to Saroglitazar free acid of Formula (IA) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, pharmaceutically acceptable esters, stereoisomers, tautomers, analogs and derivatives thereof. The present invention also provides an amorphous form of saroglitazar free acid and processes of preparation thereof. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical composition comprising an amorphous form saroglitazar magnesium.