Abstract: The Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process can be controlled to create water that has desirable characteristics for use in secondary processes such as fracking or irrigation.

Abstract: Methods and systems for infusing ceramic proppant and infused ceramic proppant obtained therefrom are provided. The method can include introducing ceramic proppant and a chemical treatment agent to a mixing vessel, mixing the ceramic proppant and the chemical treatment agent in the mixing vessel to provide a mixture, introducing microwave energy to the mixing vessel to heat the mixture to a temperature sufficient to produce infused ceramic proppant containing at least a portion of the chemical treatment agent, and withdrawing the infused ceramic proppant from the mixing vessel.

Abstract: Color conversion films for a LCD (liquid crystal display) having RGB (red, green, blue) color filters, as well as such displays, formulations, precursors and methods are provided, which improve display performances with respect to color gamut, energy efficiency, materials and costs. The color conversion films absorb backlight illumination and convert the energy to green and/or red emission at high efficiency, specified wavelength ranges and narrow emission peaks. For example, rhodamine-based fluorescent compounds are used in matrices produced by sol gel processes and/or UV (ultraviolet) curing processes which are configured to stabilize the compounds and extend their lifetime—to provide the required emission specifications of the color conversion films. Film integration and display configurations further enhance the display performance with color conversion films utilizing various color conversion elements. Fluorescent emission may be enhanced by plasmon resonance of coupled nanoparticles.

Abstract: Materials comprising an A/M/X compound are provided. An A/M/X compound is a compound comprising one or more A moieties, one or more M atoms and one or more X atoms, where the A moieties are selected from organic cations and elements from Group 1 of the periodic table, the M atoms are selected from elements from Group 14 of the periodic table, and the X atoms are selected from elements from Group 17 of the periodic table. The materials include two-phase materials.

Abstract: Modified polysaccharides, acrylamide copolymers, water-soluble amino acid copolymers, and combinations thereof are described for uses including flocculation of solids, particularly flocculation of soil in an agricultural settings and clarification of process waters from oil-sands mining operations. Also described are methods of preparing selected amino acid copolymers and modified polysaccharides.

Abstract: The composition contains a specific compound having a high maximum temperature and a low minimum temperature as a first component and has negative dielectric anisotropy, and may further contain a specific compound having large negative dielectric anisotropy as a second component, a specific compound having a high maximum temperature or small viscosity as a third component, a specific compound having large negative dielectric anisotropy as a fourth component and a specific compound having a polymerizable group as an additive component.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition having one or more compounds shown as formula I and one or more compounds shown as formula II, and the liquid crystal composition comprising a compound shown as formula II-A: wherein substituents are all defined. The composition has a low viscosity ?1, a moderate dielectric anisotropy ?? and a moderate optical anisotropy ?n, and can achieve fast response of a liquid crystal display.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one of physical properties such as high stability to heat and light, a high clearing point (or high maximum temperature), low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. A compound, represented by formula (1): wherein, in formula (1), R1 is alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbons or the like; R2 is alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons; Z1 and Z2 are independently a single bond, —CH2CH2—, —CH?CH— or the like; and a and b are independently 0 or 1.

Abstract: A liquid crystal polyester resin composition usable for molding a connector improved in dimensional stability is provided having a liquid crystal polyester and a platy inorganic filler. The platy inorganic filler has a primary particle having a ratio of particle diameter to thickness of 8 to 200, and the platy inorganic filler is contained in an amount of 50 to 250 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal polyester. A connector molded from the liquid crystal polyester resin composition is also provided. A method for producing a liquid crystal polyester resin composition includes a step of melt-kneading 100 parts by mass of a liquid crystal polyester with 50 to 250 parts by mass of a platy inorganic filler, the platy inorganic filler having a primary particle which has a ratio of particle diameter to thickness of 8 to 200.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device that is free from a reduction in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of the liquid crystal layer and an increase in ion density (ID) and that enables problems of defective display, such as white spots, uneven alignment, and image-sticking, to be eliminated. In particular, the present invention provides a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound having a specific structure is used in the liquid crystal layer and in which an optically anisotropic body formed through polymerization of a polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing a specific amount of a polymerizable liquid crystal compound having a specific structure is used as an in-cell retardation layer.

Abstract: A flame retardant block copolymer is prepared from renewable content. In an exemplary synthetic method, a bio-derived flame retardant block copolymer is prepared by a ring opening polymerization of a biobased cyclic ester and a phosphorus-containing polymer. In some embodiments, the biobased cyclic ester is lactide. In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing polymer is a hydroxyl-telechelic flame retardant biopolymer prepared by a polycondensation reaction of a biobased diol (e.g., isosorbide) and a phosphorus-containing monomer (e.g., phenylphosphonic dichloride). In other embodiments, the phosphorus-containing polymer is synthesized from a dioxaphospholane monomer.

Abstract: A pyrolysis plant 20 comprises a grinding pyrolyzer 22, being a machine or apparatus in which both particle size reduction and pyrolysis occur simultaneously. Plant 20 also comprises a bin (hopper) 30 for holding wet particulate biomass feedstock. Chute 32 leads from the bin 30 to a biomass dryer 34 which reduces moisture content of the feedstock as low as possible, e.g., to below about 10. Dried feedstock is conveyed from dryer 34 via line 36 to a dried biomass feedstock hopper 38. Dried feedstock is fed from hopper 38 into a chute 40 which leads to an inlet trunnion 42 of grinding pyrolyzer 22. A discharge trunnion 44 of grinding pyrolyzer 22 leads to a char holder 60 for collecting char particles and a condensation train 62 for condensing vapor generated by the pyrolysis to produce oil.

Abstract: A process for producing mesophase pitch from high-temperature coal tar comprises: removing salts and quinoline insoluble fraction from a high-temperature coal tar to obtain a decant oil; using the decant oil as a hydrogenation feedstock, or pre-distilling the decant oil to obtain a residue with a boiling point higher than 230 and formulating the residue into a hydrogenation feedstock; catalytic hydrorefining the hydrogenation feedstock to obtain a hydrofined oil; distilling the hydrofined oil to obtain hydrogenated pitch; and subjecting the hydrogenated pitch to the thermal polymerization to obtain the mesophase pitch. The process has features such as an easily controllable degree of hydrogenation, complete removal of impurities, good raw material flowability, not tending to form the carbon deposition and the coking during the process, and not tending to jam the reactor. The product has a high content of mesophase pitch, a low softening point and a low impurity content.

Abstract: A refining apparatus and a refining method for recycling waste plastics. The refining apparatus includes a feeding device, a pyrolysis furnace, a chloride-decomposing device, a first condensation device, a temporary storage, a still, a sieve plate tower, a second condensation device, and a receiving tank. The waste plastics are cracked by the pyrolysis furnace to produce plastic gas by heating. The chlorides of the plastic gas are removed by the chloride-decomposing device having the ammonia to produce a first oil gas. The first oil gas is condensed by the first condensation device to produce raw oil. The raw oil is heated by the still to produce a second oil gas. The second oil gas is sieved by the sieve plate tower to produce a third oil gas. The third oil gas is condensed by the second condensation device to produce finished oil received by the receiving tank.

Abstract: A system including a mixing apparatus configured to produce a reformer feedstock and comprising one or more cylindrical vessel having a conical bottom section, an inlet for superheated steam within the conical bottom section and an inlet for at least one carbonaceous material at or near the top of the cylindrical vessel, wherein the one or more cylindrical vessel is a pressure vessel configured for operation at a pressure in the range of from about 5 psig (34.5 kPa) to about 50 psig (344.7 kPa); a reformer configured to produce, from the reformer feedstock, a reformer product comprising synthesis gas, and also producing a hot flue gas; a synthesis gas conversion apparatus configured to catalytically convert at least a portion of the synthesis gas in the reformer product into synthesis gas conversion product, and to separate, from the synthesis gas conversion product, a spent catalyst stream and a tailgas.

Abstract: A direct coal liquefaction process and system is provided that utilizes a dispersed catalyst and recycle of atmospheric and vacuum fractionator bottoms to produce a maximum yield of jet fuel/diesel or chemical plant feedstock while eliminating all slurry heat exchangers and a slurry preheat furnace. Process hydrogen is preheated in a heat exchanger and, if necessary, in a hydrogen furnace, and mixed with the recycled atmospheric and vacuum fractionator bottoms being fed to the input of the direct liquefaction reactor. Heat for the hydrogen heat exchanger is provided by the overhead from the hot separator receiving the effluent from the direct liquefaction reactor. Product selectivity is controlled by operating conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytic hydroconversion process in dispersed phase of extra-heavy and heavy crude oils for upgrading their transport properties, that operates at low severity conditions, in such a way that the obtained product can be transported by conventional pumping to the distribution and refining centers. The main technical contributions of the hydroconversion process in dispersed phase of this invention to upgrade the transport properties of heavy and extra-heavy crudes are: Compact size and can be localized next to the production facilities on ground or offshore Use of operating conditions at low severity Reduction of the viscosity and increase of the API gravity at values that allow the transportation by pipeline of heavy or extra-heavy crude Upgrading of the crude oil properties in a permanent way Hydrocarbon and gases from production centers are used as supplies Operation in dispersed phase avoiding plugging problems Use of low-cost disposable catalysts at low concentrations.

Abstract: An integrated process is provided for producing deasphalted oil, high quality petroleum green coke and liquid coker products. An enhanced solvent deasphalting process is used to treat the feedstock to reduce the level of asphaltenes, N, S and metal contaminants and produce a deasphalted oil with reduced contaminants. A coking process is integrated to produce liquid and gas coking unit products, and petroleum green coke.

Abstract: A method for obtaining crude oil products is proposed in which a gaseous stream (d) is formed from a crude oil stream (b) by evaporation (2) and the gaseous stream (d) is at least partially subjected to a steam cracking process (1), a cracked gas stream (e) being produced in the steam cracking process (1) which is at least partially quenched with a liquid hydrocarbon stream (f), thereby forming a quenching effluent (g). It is provided that a fraction (f) of the crude oil stream (b) that remains liquid during the evaporation (2) of the crude oil stream (b) is used at least partly to form the liquid hydrocarbon stream (f) used for the quenching. The liquid hydrocarbon stream used for the quenching is low in or free from components that have been separated from the quenching effluent (g) or a stream formed from the quenching effluent (g) and the quenching effluent (g) is obtained by quenching with the liquid hydrocarbon stream (f) at a temperature in the range from 0 to 250° C.

Abstract: A method for operating a gas scrubber, wherein a first feed gas is scrubbed in a first scrubbing installation and a second feed gas is scrubbed in a second scrubbing installation operated in parallel to the first, with the same physically acting scrubbing medium, in order to dissolve sulfur components out of the feed gases containing contaminants and to obtain desulfurized gas streams, wherein scrubbing medium streams loaded with sulfur components and co-absorbed carbon monoxide arise, and wherein the first feed gas, the carbon monoxide partial pressure of which is lower than that of the second, is scrubbed in the first scrubbing installation at a lower pressure than the second feed gas in the second scrubbing installation. The scrubbing medium is loaded in the second scrubbing installation with sulfur components and co-absorbed carbon monoxide is expanded into the first scrubbing installation to convert dissolved carbon monoxide to the gas phase.

Abstract: A method for producing modified coal using coal of a low grade comprising: adding water for preventing any dust generation to the dewatered coal; an addition amount of the water is adjusted for a water content rate of the water-added coal to be 6% by mass or more to 16% by mass or less; agglomerating the water-added coal; slowly oxidizing the agglomerated coal; and crushing the oxidized coal.

Abstract: A reactor for grinding and roasting biomass, including: a chamber interiorly delimited with internal walls; a grinder laid out inside the chamber, including a central rotary shaft rotatably mounted in the chamber and grinding elements present on the central rotary shaft for grinding against internal walls and of biomass, or lingo-cellulosic biomass, present inside the chamber; a heater for heating and maintaining by thermal conduction via the grinder the biomass present inside the chamber, at a predetermined called roasting temperature between 200° C. and 350° C., to simultaneously achieve grinding and roasting of the biomass in the chamber.

Abstract: In some examples, an article includes a substrate and a coating on the substrate. The coating includes a stabilized microstructure including Magnéli oxide phase including an oxide of at least one of W, Mo, Nb, Ta, or Re. In some examples, a technique may include forming a coating including a refractory metal on a surface of a substrate. The technique also may include heat treating the coating at a temperature between about 500° C. and about 700° C. to form a coating including a stabilized microstructure including Magnéli oxide phase. The stabilized microstructure including Magnéli oxide phase may include an oxide of at least one of W, Mo, Nb, Ta, or Re. In some examples, the coating including the stabilized microstructure including Magnéli oxide phase exhibits a coefficient of friction that is at least 25% less than the coefficient of friction exhibited by the as-deposited coating under similar conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed is an oil soluble polyester composition, suitable for use as a dispersant in lubricating oils. The oil soluble polyester composition is prepared by reacting (a) a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agent and (b) a di-hydroxyalkyl-substituted tertiary amine compound selected from a N,N-di-hydroxyalkyl-substituted tertiary monoamine and a N,N?-di-hydroxyalkyl-substituted tertiary diamine.

Abstract: A grease manufacturing method includes: mixing a first base oil containing a first thickener precursor and a second base oil containing a second thickener precursor to prepare a mixture; applying a shear rate of 102 s?1 or more to the mixture; and mixing and dispersing the first thickener precursor and the second thickener precursor for reaction to prepare a thickener.

Abstract: Grease comprises a base oil and a thickener. The base oil contains mineral oil and poly-?-olefin, the proportion of the mineral oil is 10% by mass to 40% by mass in 100% by mass of the base oil, and a kinematic viscosity v1 of the mineral oil at 40° C. is higher than a kinematic viscosity v2 of the poly-?-olefin at 40° C. The base oil comprises a refined mineral oil that is classified as Group III in a base oil category defined by the American Petroleum Institute, and the flash point of the refined mineral oil is 240° C. or higher. A rolling bearing contains the grease, a rolling bearing device includes a shaft supported by the rolling bearing device, and an information recording and reproducing apparatus includes the rolling bearing device.

Abstract: Combining a metal based friction modifier, such as a molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate, and certain esters of hydroxy carboxylic acids, such as short chain alkyl esters of citric or tartaric acid, e.g., tributyl citrate, has a synergistic effect on lowering the friction coefficient of lubricating oils allowing one to reduce the amount of metal based friction modifier needed to adequately formulate a lubricant with low friction characteristics.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of extracting lipids from microalgae are provided. In the method, pressurized carbon dioxide (CO2) is dissolved in a liquid alcohol to form a CO2-expanded alcohol solution at a pressure of about 400-1500 psi and a temperature of about 30-65° C. Next, the CO2-expanded alcohol solution contacts microalgae to extract the lipids from the microalgae. A method and an apparatus of preparing fatty acid esters from microalgae are disclosed as well.

Abstract: Methods for the extraction of intracellular contents from biomass, in particular from algae, are described. The pH level of the algae cell culture is modified and mixed with a surfactant or a combination of surfactants. The algal culture may be subjected to low pressurization using air, inert gas or a gas mixture. Separation of the lipid contents from the treated algae culture is accomplished with an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvents. The algal debris may be collected at the bottom of the aqueous phase while the biomass is concentrated in the solvent layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of recombinant fatty acid synthesis, particularly in transgenic plants. The application describes genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and provides methods and vectors for the manipulation of fatty acid composition of plant oils. In particular, the invention provides constructs for achieving the integration of multiple heterologous genes involved in fatty acid synthesis into the plant genome, such that the resulting plants produce altered levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Also described are methods for enhancing the expression of fatty acid biosynthesis enzymes by co-expressing a silencing suppressor within the plant storage organ.

Abstract: The present application relates to perfume raw materials, perfume delivery systems and consumer products comprising such perfume raw materials and/or such perfume delivery systems, as well as processes for making and using such perfume raw materials, perfume delivery systems and consumer products. Such perfume raw materials and compositions, including the delivery systems, disclosed herein expand the perfume communities' options as such perfume raw materials can provide variations on character and such compositions can provide desired odor profiles.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for extracting cinnamon oil; firstly, a cinnamon powder is mixed and conditioned with an aqueous solution of sodium salts, and the conditioned cinnamon powder is obtained thereafter; subsequently, the conditioned cinnamon powder obtained was frozen and then rapidly thawed, and the thawed cinnamon powder is obtained thereafter; finally, after the thawed cinnamon powder is mixed with a gaseous solvent, pressurized liquid extraction is performed, and then after separation the cinnamon oil is obtained. The method for extracting cinnamon oil from cinnamon at a low temperature adds an aqueous solution of sodium salts to condition the cinnamon powder, uses a slow freezing process and a rapid thawing process, and finally uses a gaseous solvent, which may gasify without heating to be separated from the extract; the extraction process is kept away from air, and the heat-sensitive components are not damaged.

Abstract: An antifoam granule includes a carrier and an antifoam compound deposited on the carrier. The antifoam granule is formed using a method that includes providing an emulsion and contacting the emulsion with a carrier to deposit the antifoam compound on the carrier and form the antifoam granule. The emulsion includes an oil phase, an aqueous phase, and a silicone polyether. The oil phase includes an antifoam compound. The antifoam compound includes a hydrophobic fluid and a hydrophobic filler dispersed in the hydrophobic fluid. The aqueous phase includes a binder and water. The emulsion is formed using a method that includes combining the oil phase, the aqueous phase, and the silicone polyether to form the emulsion. The antifoam granule is also utilized in a method of facilitating rinsing of a detergent from a substrate that includes applying the detergent, including the antifoam granule, to the substrate and rinsing the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides the use of a composition comprising a polyalkyleneimine and/or salts or derivative thereof for the prevention of corrosion of non-metallic in organic items during a washing or rinsing process, in particular during an automatic dishwashing process.

Abstract: Formulations, comprising (A) in total in the range of 1 to 50% by weight of at least one compound, selected from methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), glutamic acid diacetate (GLDA) and salts thereof, (B) in total in the range of 0.01 to 0.4% by weight of at least one zinc salt, stated as zinc, (C) in total in the range of 0.001 to 0.045% by weight of homo- or copolymer of ethyleneimine, and (D) optionally 0.5 to 15% by weight of bleach, based in each case on the solids content of the respective formulation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a non-corrosive degreasing concentrate and ready to use formulation. In particular, non-corrosive compositions capable of removing polymerized grease as effectively as some alkali metal hydroxide (i.e. caustic) based degreasers without requiring the use of personal protective equipment are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods employing detergent compositions effective for reducing hard water scale and accumulation on hard surfaces, namely within food, beverage and pharmaceutical applications are disclosed. The detergent compositions employ phosphinosuccinic acid adducts in combination with an alkalinity source and optionally polymers, surfactants and/or oxidizers, providing alkaline compositions having a pH between about 10 and 13.5.

Abstract: The present composition relates to fabric care compositions comprising an organosiloxane polymer. Methods of using such compositions including contacting a fabric with the composition and rinsing the fabric are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present application relates to perfume compositions, delivery systems comprising such perfumes products comprising such perfumes and/or delivery systems, and processes for making and using same. Such perfumes and delivery systems provide improved perfume performance under high soil conditions and in cold water washing and a shell that at least partially surrounds said core.

Abstract: Cleaning industrial plant components to remove silane, metal halide, and organometallic halide contaminants and mixtures thereof, involves treating the plant components with a liquid nitrile or amine or mixture thereof or with a solution of a nitrile or amine or mixture thereof in an aprotic solvent.

Abstract: Agent for cleaning and/or deodorizing for use in the sanitary field which is used to adhere to a moistened surface of a sanitary object and gradually to dissolve as it is flushed with water, which agent includes a cleaning block including tensides (10), wherein the surface (12) of the cleaning block is sticky, or becomes sticky in the presence of water, wherein the block (10) has on at least one side of its surface (12) a coating (13) of powder particles (14) to a thickness between 5 ?m and 800 ?m.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions comprising an isolated cellulose degrading fungus. Also disclosed are culture compositions and bioreactor compositions comprising the cellulose degrading fungus. Further described herein are filtration and extraction devices comprising the cellulose degrading fungus. Still further disclosed are bioprocessing facilities for and methods for producing co-products resulting from one or more bioprocesses of the cellulose degrading fungus.

Abstract: A microfabricated device having at least one gas-entrapping feature formed therein in a configuration that entraps air bubbles upon wetting the feature with a solvent or solution is described. The device includes a sacrificial residue in contact with the gas-entrapping feature, the dissolution of which guides the wetting of the gas-entrapping feature.

Abstract: A transport device for a container has a base, a vertical member extending up from the base and a complementary handling unit extending from an end of the vertical member spaced from the base. The complementary handling unit is configured for releasably engaging a container, such as a bioreactor container, so that the container can be transported to a holding device.

Abstract: A temperature sensor means comprising a thermally conducting layer arranged to face the surface to be measured, a thermally insulating layer attached to the thermally conducting layer on the opposite side to the surface to be measured, a temperature sensor provided between the thermally conducting layer and the thermally insulating layer and being completely surrounded on all its sides by either the thermally conducting or the thermally insulating layers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions, tools, methods and devices to culture microorganisms and, in particular, to compositions, tools, methods and devices for the detection of microorganisms in biological samples.

Abstract: The present invention relates to composition comprising at least one non-pathogenic bacterial cell, wherein the non-pathogenic bacterial cell comprises at least a first and a second nucleic acid sequence, the first nucleic acid sequence comprising at least one non-constitutive promoter operably linked to the second nucleic acid sequence that encodes therapeutic agent, wherein the non-constitutive promoter is an inducible promoter responsive to at least one stimuli and the at least one stimuli comprises the presence of a certain density or a certain number of bacterial cells comprising the first and second nucleic acid sequences.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an a process for manufacturing dry powder cell culture media. The preparation and usage of mixed particles generated by co-lyophilisation leads to homogenously blended cell culture media.

Abstract: There is provided an ex vivo method for reducing the immunogenicity of a tissue or organ prior to transplantation, comprising: (a) establishing the tissue or organ in a warm perfusion system capable of supporting oxidative metabolism of the tissue or organ; (b) perfusing the tissue or organ with a warm non-blood perfusion solution for at least 1 hour to allow passenger leukocytes within the tissue or organ to migrate from the tissue or organ into the recirculating perfusion solution; (c) isolating the passenger leukocytes from the recirculating perfusion solution to prevent the passenger leukocytes from re-entering the tissue or organ.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the field of cell growth and tissue engineering, in particular, tissue engineered compositions comprising a nanotextured substrate which is structurally configured for growth of cells in an anatomically correct adult phenotype in vitro. In particular, described herein are nanotextured substrates which are structurally configured for the anisotropic organization, maturation, and growth of in vitro-differentiated muscle cells, such as cardiomyocytes, and methods for the production and use thereof in varying sizes, nanotextures and substrate rigidities. In vitro-differentiated cardiomyocytes grown on the nanotextured substrates described herein are better-differentiated and more closely mimic adult cardiac tissue than the same cells grown on a non-textured substrate of the same composition.