Abstract: A method of making a gel-type livestock feed includes initially forming a feed mixture by mixing feed nutrient components, water, alginate, and a calcium component insoluble in water or a sequestrate to inhibit the calcium component from reacting with the alginate. Once the feed mixture is formed, the calcium component is solubilized or the sequestrates affecting the reactivity between the alginate and the calcium component is removed such that a gel feed is formed that includes a gel matrix containing the feed nutrient components. The gel feed may then be fed to the livestock. In another aspect of the present invention, piglets are weaned by feeding the gel feed for at least seven days directly after weaning. The gel feed may also include protein derived from blood with or without egg protein.

Abstract: Compositions and related methods are provided to protect lipids such as oilseeds and algae, and other bioactive aliments from ruminal degradation. The lipids are protection by creating a matrix of cross-linked and denatured proteins using enzymes and other protein crosslinking agents.

Abstract: A pet food composition specifically formulated for a small dog can include a combination of specific antioxidants, amino acids, metabolism components, and bone health components to maintain health. Methods of maintaining health and modulating select health parameters are also provided.

Abstract: A specific type of organ health marker in a companion animal can be improved by adjusting the diet of the animal to increase the amount of a compound which positively or negatively modulates the specific type of organ health marker or adjusting the diet of the animal to decrease the amount of a compound which positively or negatively modulates the specific type of organ health marker. The specific type of organ health marker can be one or more of phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, or gamma-glutamyltransferase.

Abstract: Cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins in a companion animal can be improved by adjusting the diet of the animal to increase the amount of a compound which positively or negatively modulates the cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, or low-density lipoproteins or adjusting the diet of the animal to decrease the amount of a compound which positively or negatively modulates cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, or low-density lipoproteins.

Abstract: A specific bacterium in a companion animal can be improved by adjusting the diet of the animal to increase the amount of a compound which positively or negatively modulates the specific type of bacterium or to decrease the amount of a compound which positively or negatively modulates the specific type of bacterium. The specific type of bacterium can be one or more of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, or Clostridium perfringens.

Abstract: A specific type of digestibility in a companion animal can be improved by adjusting the diet of the animal to increase the amount of a compound which positively or negatively modulates the specific type of digestibility or adjusting the diet of the animal to decrease the amount of a compound which positively or negatively modulates the specific type of digestibility. The specific type of digestibility can be one or more of organic matter digestibility, dry matter digestibility, fiber digestibility, energy digestibility, fat digestibility, or protein digestibility.

Abstract: A nutritional composition containing a plant food and a mineral food, where the plant food includes at least one of aloe, green algae, red algae, brown algae, blue-green algae, kelp, kombu, hijiki, nori, arame, sea palm, bladderwrack, wakame, dulse, carrageenan, fungi, and bacteria. The mineral food includes at least one of shilajit, humic acid, fulvic acid, bentonite clay, charcoal, diatomaceous earth, dolomite, fossilized remains, rocks, gems, sodium chloride, sea salt, and derivatives or combinations thereof. In one embodiment of the composition, the plant food is a juice of aloe vera and the mineral food is fulvic acid.

Abstract: Methods for pasteurizing or sterilizing liquid or semi-liquid materials in a liquid-filled microwave heating system are described herein. The methods described herein may be used for pasteurizing or sterilizing a variety of different liquids and semi-liquids, including foodstuffs and beverages, as well as medical, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and veterinary liquids. Efficient and rapid heating using microwave energy can provide better temperature control, which permits the use of thinner bottles without sacrificing product quality or safety.

Abstract: Methods for pasteurizing or sterilizing liquid or semi-liquid materials in a liquid-filled microwave heating system are described herein. The methods described herein may be used for pasteurizing or sterilizing a variety of different liquids and semi-liquids, including foodstuffs and beverages, as well as medical, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and veterinary liquids. Efficient and rapid heating using microwave energy can provide better temperature control, which permits the use of thinner bottles without sacrificing product quality or safety.

Abstract: A basket for high pressure processing includes a body having first and second ends and a sidewall extending therebetween. The body defines an interior space and the first end includes a first opening for providing access to the interior space. The basket includes a first end cap removably attachable to the body at the first end for at least partially covering the first opening by positioning the first end cap adjacent the first opening and rotating the first end cap in place.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved apparatus and methods for the monitoring and control of apparatus designed to remove moisture from an initially wet product, such as a continuous dryer (14). The net rate of water removal from the wet product (16) is determined during drying thereof, preferably on a real-time basis. A control assembly (20) is operatively coupled with the dryer (14) and includes sensors (24, 26, 28, 34), which are operatively coupled with a digital controller (38). The controller (38) has a PID controller operable to continuously determine the average net rate of water removal from the product (16).

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is a process of dehydration of biological products using the pressurized drying method in which the product is treated with a gaseous medium the movement of which over the dried product is forced in a closed system under appropriate pressure, in the presence of a difference between the temperature of the medium circulating in the system and the temperature of the dried product until the product moisture content is reduced to the desired level, and in which the dehydration process is executed at a constant temperature of the atmosphere surrounding the material, preferably higher than its storage temperature but lower than the degradation temperature of its components.

Abstract: Embodiments herein include opacifying compositions, food products made with the same, and related methods. In an embodiment, a processed food product is included. The processed food product can include a modified food starch with at least 70 wt. % fiber and a milk mineral concentrate with at least 24 wt. % calcium. The brightness (L*) value of the processed food product is greater than 70. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Popcorn machines having process chambers of increasing volume, and associated systems and methods of operation are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a popcorn machine includes a tube, a heating element positioned to heat the tube, and an auger positioned at least partially within the tube. The auger can include a central portion extending along a longitudinal axis from a first end to a second end. The central portion decreases in diameter from the first end to the second end, and the central portion and the tube at least partially define an annular popping chamber that increases in volume from the first end toward the second end. A flight extends around the central portion in a helical pattern between the central portion and an inner wall of the tube. In operation, the auger rotates about the longitudinal axis to move ingredients through the heated tube via the flight.

Abstract: Apparatuses for melting sugar and similar ingredients for use in the production of sugar-coated popcorn and/or other expanded food products are described herein. In various embodiments, a sugar melter can include a rotating, heated auger that moves sugar through the melter causing it to melt evenly without forming unmelted portions that may clog the melter and/or lead to waste. Various configurations of machines that can produce sugar-coated popcorn with the disclosed sugar melters are also described herein.

Abstract: An ported marinade injection system useful for injecting flavoring fluids into vacuum-packaged meats. The apparatus may include a package couple, a port support couple, an injection port, a self-sealing port, and a port cover. The apparatus may be used by attaching the package couple and the port support couple to a package, attaching the self-sealing port and the injection port to the port support couple, injecting a marinade or other flavoring, and covering the port to seal the flavoring within the package.

Abstract: A flavor composition comprising at least one nucleotide derivative and/or at least one transmembrane compound that modulates, increases and/or enhances the activity of an umami receptor is provided that can be used to enhance the umami taste and/or palatability of food products. In certain, non-limiting embodiments, the flavor composition comprises at least one nucleotide derivative and/or at least one transmembrane compound, optionally at least one nucleotide, optionally at least one first amino acid, optionally at least one second amino acid.

Abstract: This document relates to food products containing highly conjugated heterocyclic rings complexed to an iron ion and one or more flavor precursors, and using such food products to modulate the flavor and/or aroma profile of other foods. The food products described herein can be prepared in various ways and can be formulated to be free of animal products.

Abstract: Suggested are compositions comprising natural stilbenes as a sweetener or sweetener enhancer in preparations and compositions, especially oral edible compositions comprising them.

Abstract: The invention provides a process of preparing glucosyl Rebaudioside C composition. The glucosyl rebaudioside C composition is useful as in combination with other caloric and non-caloric sweeteners as well as non caloric sweetener in edible and chewable consumables such as various foods and beverages, confectionaries, bakery products, cookies, chewing gums, and the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing food ingredients from Stevia rebaudiana plant and their use in food products, beverages and other consumables. Obtained compositions are useful as flavors, sweeteners, antioxidants, and other functional ingredients.

Abstract: A product and method that uses the ideal raw, plant-based, nutrient-rich, organic mixture to act as the perfect culture medium which allows and encourages recently discovered, continuously evolving, and extremely small but very powerful anti-pathogen microbes found in raw seeds to rapidly grow and multiple and to sufficient numbers so that these microbes and the plant-based mixture that comprises them can then be used together as an effective type of all-natural Infectious Diseases Immunotherapy.

Abstract: Provided herein are marine peptides for use in increasing muscle mass and growth and enhancing muscle recovery. The peptides provided herein are useful as nutritional supplements, food, functional foods, and as pharmaceutical formulations.

Abstract: Provided are nutritional compositions containing inositol. Further disclosed are methods for promoting optimal and functional synaptic development in a target subject via administering the nutritional composition containing inositol to the target subject. Further provided are methods for promoting brain development and overall brain health and function in a target subject.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a microencapsulated capsule or microparticle comprising a nutrient-filled core encapsulated in an enteric coating. The microparticles are useful in the treatment of a variety of disorders when ingested or administered to a subject in need thereof. Alternate non-encapsulated methods and compositions for providing the desired intestinal release are provided included modified nutrient composition and matrix embedded nutrient.

Abstract: A cartridge assembly (3) of a 3D printer system for printing a plastic substance, such as a dough, comprises a refillable cartridge (31) and a punch-fill adapter (32) having a circumferential cutting edge (26) and being provided with a punch-fill connector (24) to form a manually releasable inter-connection between the cartridge and the punch-fill adapter. When said inter-connection is effective, the cartridge assembly is effective as a manual tool for punching, by means of said circumferential cutting edge, punched slices out of a supply slice of said plastic substance, and thereby for automatically inserting said punched slices into the inner space of the cartridge. Thanks to this punch-fill connector the manual (re)filling of the cartridge can be performed more easily and more reliably.

Abstract: A system and method for curing or drying tobacco leaves are described herein. The method includes flowing a first combustion gas generated by a first heat source through a first flue pipe provided inside a first barn to heat air inside the first barn to cure a first batch of tobacco leaves disposed inside the first barn; transferring at least a portion of the first combustion gas generated by the first heat source to a second flue pipe provided inside a second barn adjacent the first barn to heat the second barn and start curing a second batch of tobacco leaves disposed inside the second barn; and flowing second combustion gas generated by a second heat source through the second flue pipe to continue curing the second batch of tobacco leaves after the second barn is heated.

Abstract: A portioned moist tobacco product with a super-hydrated membrane coating and method of manufacturing is disclosed. The super-hydrated membrane coating is formed by ionic cross-linking using two polymers. The soluble component of the super-hydrated membrane coating dissolves upon placement in the mouth, while the insoluble component maintains the tobacco within the coating for the duration of the use of the product. The moist tobacco product is soft and flexible so as to fit comfortably in an oral cavity when placed therein.

Abstract: This invention discloses a kind of microburst-microcapsule designed for cigarettes and a smoking article with such microburst-microcapsules. Wherein the microburst-microcapsule is composed of a microcapsule wall and an aerosol generation material encapsulated by the microcapsule wall. The microburst-microcapsule can be filled in cigarette. When the cigarette lights, the high temperature generated from its combustion zone will vaporize the nearest aerosol generation materials packaged in the aforesaid microburst-microcapsule. The vapor pressure will cause the microcapsule wall burst. As a result, the aerosol from the aforesaid aerosol generation materials will vapor out of the microcapsule wall. Tobacco-free carbonaceous fuels or solid carbonaceous from high temperature vacuum destructive distillation of tobacco filament can be used as combustion materials for aforesaid cigarettes.

Abstract: A carton for displaying articles attachable to a flip sign is disclosed, which includes a box structure having a back panel, a bottom panel, a top panel, a pair of side panels, a top front panel, a bottom front panel, a first inner panel and a second inner panel, the first inner panel having a pair of slots configured to receive a pair of tabs on an outer free edge of the second inner panel. The first and second inner panels rest adjacent to the back panel upon placing a plurality of articles within a recess, which is formed between the top front panel, the bottom front panel, the back panel, and the pair of side panels.

Abstract: A container comprising a base and a lid defining a first compartment therebetween for storing unused snus, wherein at least the lid or the base includes a reconfigurable wall to enable a user to form or enlarge a second compartment for storing used snus on the other side of said wall to the first compartment. The reconfigurable wall is formed of contiguous polygons configured to move relative to a boundary of the reconfigurable wall and relative to each other under applied pressure so as to be arrangeable in a first, convex configuration and arrangeable in a second, concave configuration. The second compartment is formed or enlarged when the contiguous polygons are arranged in the second, concave configuration.

Abstract: There is provided an aerosol-generating device configured to heat an aerosol-forming substrate, including: a power supply; a heater positioned to heat the aerosol-forming substrate to form an aerosol; a controller configured to control a supply of power from the power supply to the heater; and a gas sensor that is sensitive to a particular gas or gases, a response of the gas sensor being dependent on a temperature of the gas sensor, and the controller being connected to the gas sensor and being configured to monitor signals from the gas sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus arranged to heat smokable material to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material has a housing. The housing has a first opening at a first end through which smokable material can pass so as to be received within and removed from the apparatus in use. The housing has a second opening at a second end opposed from the first end. The housing further has a chamber between the first and second openings. At least one heater is arranged within the housing for heating smokable material removably received within the chamber in use. A user can access the chamber through at least the second opening to clean within the apparatus.

Abstract: There is provided a heater assembly for an aerosol-generating system including a liquid storage portion configured to hold a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, the heater assembly including an electric heater having at least one heating element configured to heat the liquid aerosol-forming substrate to form an aerosol, and a capillary body configured to convey the liquid aerosol-forming substrate from the liquid storage portion of the aerosol-generating system to the at least one heating element, the at least one heating element being formed from an electrically conductive material deposited directly onto a porous outer surface of the capillary body. A cartridge for an aerosol-generating system and a method for manufacturing such a cartridge are also provided.

Abstract: The aerosol-generating system comprises a nicotine source, a second substance source and a susceptor (2) for heating the nicotine source and the second substance source. The system further comprises a power source connected to a load network, the load network comprising an inductor for being inductively coupled to the susceptor. The invention also relates to an aerosol-generating article comprising a cartridge comprising a first compartment (11) with a nicotine source and a second compartment (12) with a second substance source and a susceptor arranged between the first compartment and the second compartment.

Abstract: An electronic vapor provision system includes a control unit and a cartridge configured to engage with and disengage from one another substantially along a longitudinal axis. The cartridge includes a reservoir of liquid to be vaporized, and the control unit includes a battery and a tube portion disposed along said longitudinal axis. The system further includes an induction heating assembly comprising a drive coil and a heater element. The heater element is located in the cartridge for vaporizing the liquid. The cartridge is configured to feed liquid from the reservoir onto the heater element for vaporization. The drive coil is located in the tube portion of the control unit and disposed about the longitudinal axis. The cartridge is located at least partly within the tube portion when engaged with the control unit, such that the heater element is within the drive coil.

Abstract: An aerosol-generating system(includes a cartridge, a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, and an aerosol-generating device. The cartridge includes a cartridge housing and a solid aerosol-forming substrate. The aerosol-generating device includes a cavity configured to receive at least a portion of the cartridge, an airflow inlet, and an airflow sensor. The airflow sensor is in fluid communication with the airflow inlet and the cavity). The aerosol-generating device includes a bypass air inlet in fluid communication with the cavity, an electric heater configured to heat the liquid aerosol-forming substrate, a power supply, and a controller. The aerosol-generating system is configured so that the cartridge housing substantially prevents airflow through the bypass air inlet when the cartridge is received within the cavity.

Abstract: A vapor-generating system includes a pump having an inlet and an outlet, the inlet configured to be connected to a liquid storage portion. The system includes a fluid channel fluidly connected to the pump and a fluid sensor. The fluid sensor is configured to determine a presence of liquid vapor-forming substrate in the fluid channel based on measuring an electrical property of the fluid in the fluid channel.

Abstract: An aerosol-generating system includes a cartridge and an aerosol-generating device. The cartridge includes a cartridge housing, a first aerosol-forming substrate in the cartridge housing and a second aerosol-forming substrate in the cartridge housing.

Abstract: An aerosol-generating system includes a plurality of cartridges and an aerosol-generating device. At least one cartridge of the plurality of cartridges includes a first aerosol-forming substrate, the plurality of cartridges are configured for selective connection to each other to form a cartridge assembly. The aerosol-generating device includes a storage including a second aerosol-forming substrate in the storage, an electric heater configured to heat a portion of the second aerosol-forming substrate from the storage section during use of the aerosol-generating system, and a power supply housing, the power supply housing including a power supply and a controller, the controller configured to control a supply of electrical power from the power supply to the electric heater, the aerosol-generating device being configured to receive the cartridge assembly at a downstream end of the aerosol-generating device.

Abstract: A vapor-generating system includes a cartridge including a first vapor-forming substrate, the cartridge having an annular shape and at least one end configured to abut a flange and at least partially cover a device air inlet, and a vapor-generating device having an outer surface that defines the flange, the vapor-generating device being configured to be overlain by the cartridge such that the cartridge is coupled against the flange, the vapor-generating device including a liquid storage section containing a second vapor-forming substrate, the second vapor-forming substrate being a liquid substrate, and a power supply section, the liquid storage section being configured to removably attach to the power supply section such that at least one of the flange and the device air inlet are defined by outer surfaces of the liquid storage section and the power supply section.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to atomizers for an aerosol delivery device such as a smoking article. The atomizer may include a liquid transport element and a wire extending along at least a portion of a longitudinal length thereof. The wire may define contact portions configured to engage heater terminals and a heating portion configured to produce heat. The heating portion may include a variable coil spacing. In other atomizers, the wire may extend at least partially through the liquid transport element proximate the contact portions. Related inputs, cartridges, aerosol production assemblies, and methods of forming atomizers are also provided.

Abstract: An electronic cigarette comprises nicotine without harmful tar. The cigarette includes a shell, a cell, nicotine solution, control circuit, and an electro-thermal vaporization nozzle installed in the air suction end of the shell. The advantages of the present invention are smoking without tar, reducing the risk of cancer, the user still gets a smoking experience, the cigarette is not lit, and there is no fire danger.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an aerosol delivery device, an input for such devices, and methods of preparing such devices. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of forming an aerosol delivery device, which can comprise providing a fibrous substrate, providing a shell, wetting the fibrous substrate with a wetting liquid, and inserting the wetted fibrous substrate into the shell. After the inserting step, the shell further can comprise one or more of a heater, a liquid transport element, and an electrical connection. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides an input that can comprise a liquid transport element, a heater in a heating arrangement with the liquid transport element, and a wetted fibrous substrate wrapped around at least a portion of the liquid transport element.

Abstract: An atomizer includes an upper cover assembly, an atomizing device and a regulating assembly. The atomizing device is arranged between the upper cover assembly and the regulating assembly. The regulating assembly includes a regulating base and a regulating ring rotatably sleeved about the regulating base. The regulating base is provided with at least one first circulating portion in fluid communication with the atomizing device. The regulating ring is provided with a second circulating portion arranged corresponding to the first circulating portion. An area of communication between the first circulating portion and the second circulating portion is changed by rotating the regulating ring. The atomizer has a good leak-proof function.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and systems to vaporize or release organic material from plant material containing the organic material and the like, including utilizing zoned heating of a common chamber. A controller in signal communication with two or more heating elements each adjacent to a zone to be heated controls at least the heating of the elements. The chamber may have a removable floor portion.

Abstract: An electronic smoking article or electronic vaping article includes a reservoir containing a liquid material and having an outlet, a capillary having a capillary inlet and a capillary outlet, the capillary inlet of the capillary in communication with the outlet of the reservoir, a heater operable to heat the capillary to a temperature sufficient to at least initially volatilize liquid material contained within the capillary, and a shuttle valve between the outlet of the reservoir and the capillary inlet. The shuttle valve is operable to prevent release of liquid material from the reservoir when the shuttle valve is in a closed position and is operable to release liquid material from the reservoir when the shuttle valve is in an open position.

Abstract: A sock (1) comprising a foot section (2) with a sole portion (2a) and an instep portion (2b), and a leg section (3) connected to or integrally formed with the foot section (2), the leg section (3) including a heel portion (3b) and an ankle portion (3a). The foot and leg sections (2,3) are formed with or from hydrophobic material, the foot section (2) has a plurality of moisture collection channels (4) formed with or from hydrophilic material, the moisture collection channels (4) are spaced apart from each other and are distributed over at least part of the sole portion (2a) with hydrophobic portions between adjacent moisture collection channels (4), the moisture collection channels (4) extend from the sole portion (2a) towards the instep portion (2b) and are connected to an evaporation zone (6,7) at the leg section (3), and the moisture collection channels (4) are formed in a flat knit structure.

Abstract: A swaddle transition device is provided. The device may include a transition wrap that has one or more fabric layers. The device may also include one or more sleeves to cover the limbs of a baby wearing the transition wrap. Further, the device may include a fastener unit to open the transition wrap. The transition wrap has a design configuration to limit the startle reflex movement of the baby.