Abstract: Processes and systems for producing glass fibers having regions devoid of glass using submerged combustion melters, including feeding a vitrifiable feed material into a feed inlet of a melting zone of a melter vessel, and heating the vitrifiable material with at least one burner directing combustion products of an oxidant and a first fuel into the melting zone under a level of the molten material in the zone. One or more of the burners is configured to impart heat and turbulence to the molten material, producing a turbulent molten material comprising a plurality of bubbles suspended in the molten material, the bubbles comprising at least some of the combustion products, and optionally other gas species introduced by the burners. The molten material and bubbles are drawn through a bushing fluidly connected to a forehearth to produce a glass fiber comprising a plurality of interior regions substantially devoid of glass.

Abstract: A coloured glass sheet having a high transmission of infrared (IR) radiation, the composition comprising, in a content expressed as percentages by total weight of glass: SiO2 55-85%? Al2O3 0-30% B2O3 0-20% Na2O 0-25% CaO 0-20% MgO 0-15% K2O 0-20% total iron (expressed in Fe2O3 form) 0.02-1%? Co 0.0001-0.5%???? Cr2O3 0.002-0.5%;??? said sheet having: TIR4>TLD4. The glass sheet can advantageously have a blue or green shade and be used in a device requiring very good transmission of IR radiation.

Abstract: The invention relates to substrates, in particular to transparent substrates, optionally coloured, coated with an infrared-reflecting layer and capable of being used as glazing in buildings or in vehicles. Said coated substrates are made up of the combination of a glass substrate in which the composition has a redox of less than 15%, characterised by infrared reflection RIRV so that RIRV?1.087*TLV, wherein TLV is the light transmission of the glass, and an infrared reflecting layer characterised by light transmission TLC so that TLC?1.3*TIRC, wherein TIRC is the infrared transmission of the layer.

Abstract: A glass includes, in mass percentage on an oxide basis, 50 to 85% of SiO2, 0 to 10% of B2O3, 1 to 20% of Na2O, and 20% or less of K2O, and Sb2O3 is substantially not contained. A total content (Ni+Cr) is more than 0 ppm by mass and 1.2 ppm by mass or less. A total iron oxide (t-Fe2O3) in terms of Fe2O3, a ratio (Na2O/Al2O3) and a total content (Al2O3+K2O) fall within specific ranges, respectively. The contents of each component satisfy a specific relationship.

Abstract: A UV-blocking glass material having precipitated cuprous halide crystals and including by weight percent, on an oxide basis: from 30 wt % to 65 wt % SiO2; from 12 wt % to 25 wt % B2O3; from 3 wt % to 10 wt % Al2O3; from 0 wt % to 7 wt % Na2O; from 0 wt % to 10 wt % K2O; from 0 wt % to 5 wt % Li2O; from 0.5 wt % to 10 wt % Ho2O3; from 0.25 wt % to 1.50 wt % CuO; and from 0.5 wt % to 5.0 wt % halogens.

Abstract: A fired hybrid enamel coating is provided. The hybrid enamel coating is formed by firing an enamel composition on a substrate. The enamel composition includes at least a first glass frit, which is sintered to form the hybrid enamel coating. The hybrid enamel coating can be cleaned using aqualytic or pyrolytic cleaning methods, and does not discolor or lose gloss when subject to typical pyrolytic cleaning methods.

Abstract: A compositional range of manganese aluminosilicate glass-ceramics with high durability, and methods for making the same, are described herein. The glass-ceramics can be used in conjunction with electronic devices, such as in protective exteriors for such devices. The glass-ceramics can be characterized as having ring-on-ring strengths of at least 300 MPa and fracture toughnesses of at least 1.5 MPa·m1/2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions with self-cleaning properties. More particularly, the invention concerns coatings or paints comprising particles coated with a catalytically active composition. In particular, a self-cleaning coating composition (paint) is provided, comprising micro-sized particles coated with a functional layer, wherein the micro-sized particles are hollow or solid beads, or any combination/ratio of hollow and solid beads, wherein the beads comprise one or more material(s) selected from ceramic material(s); polymeric material(s); cermet material(s); metallic material(s); pigmented material(s); light-absorbing and/or light reflecting material(s); including any combination thereof, wherein said layer is covalently bound to said particles, wherein the photocatalytic layer comprises TiO2 in the crystal form of anatase; and wherein the coating composition (paint) comprises less than 0.

Abstract: A laminated body includes a substrate provided with a first surface; a rugged layer including fluorine; and an antifouling layer. The rugged layer has an average surface roughness of 0.05-50 nm. A peak of a binding energy of F1s in the rugged layer falls within 684-687.5 eV, a ratio of atomic concentrations of fluorine to silicon obtained from peaks of binding energies of F1s and Si2p falls within 0.003-100. A peak of a binding energy of F1s in the antifouling layer falls within 687.5-691 eV. An F-value, (A?B)/(C?B), is 0.1 or more, where “A” is an F-K? line strength of the laminated body measured from the antifouling layer side by a fluorescent X-ray measurement device, “B” is an F-K? line strength of a glass plate with only trace amounts of fluorine, and “C” is an F-K? line strength of an aluminosilicate glass plate including fluorine of 2 wt %.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating apparatus (also called coating tunnel or coating hood) for applying a protective coating to hollow glass containers. In particular, it relates to a coating apparatus with the re-use of the coating material containing exhaust from the end of the coating tunnel for applying the protective coatings to glass containers. More particularly, the present invention relates to a coating apparatus with a specific partial separation of the carrier gas flow of one loop into two respective loops.

Abstract: A method of adhering a silicone rubber film and a glass sheet together contains steps of: (A). Pouring liquid silicone rubber into a mold in a vacuum condition so as to form a silicone rubber film with 0.2 mm thickness after the liquid silicone rubber solidifies; (B). Placing a glass sheet into the mold and pressing the glass sheet on the silicone rubber film in the mold by way of a press plate; (C). Baking the silicone rubber film in a temperature of 80° C. to 150° C. for 20 minutes to 30 minutes; and (D). Removing the glass sheet and the silicone rubber film from the mold. Thereby, the silicone rubber film does not attach on the inner wall of the mold as being removed from the mold.

Abstract: A method of making an antimicrobial glass article that includes the steps: submersing the article in a strengthening bath to exchange a portion of ion-exchangeable metal ions in the glass article with a portion of ion-exchanging metal ions in the strengthening bath to form a compressive stress layer extending from the first surface to a diffusion depth in the article; removing a portion of the compressive stress layer from the first surface of the article to a first depth above the diffusion depth in the article to define a new first surface and a remaining compressive stress layer; and submersing the article in an antimicrobial bath to exchange a portion of the ion-exchangeable and the ion-exchanging metal ions in the compressive stress layer with a portion of the silver metal ions in the antimicrobial bath to impart an antimicrobial property in the article.

Abstract: A glass tube semi-finished product or a hollow glass product manufactured from the glass tube semi-finished product is provided with a first marking with information on the origin and/or tube-specific production data of the glass tube semi-finished product, which marking is read from the hollow glass product after its manufacture to determine the origin and/or the tube-specific production data of the glass tube semi-finished product, e.g., to identify the semi-finished glass tube from which the hollow glass product has been made, and/or trace the tube-specific production data of this glass tube semi-finished product. This means that the entire supply chain for the hollow glass product from the supplier of the originally used glass tube semi-finished product up to the end product can be determined. The physical and chemical characteristics of the glass tube semi-finished product are not altered for producing the first marking.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel cementitious product produced from steelworks slag additivation to obtain material having properties suitable for use in the partial or total clinker replacement for the production of different types of cement. The process, which is also object of this invention, aims to adapt the properties of steelworks slag, by means of thermochemical treatment, including and preferably, but not only, still in the liquid steelworks slag pot, taking advantage of the thermal input of steel processing, to form a greater amount of alite (essential compound to increase pozzolanicity), under controlled conditions. After additivation, preferably, but not exclusively, the additivated steelworks slag is subjected to quenching, comminution and concentration to stabilize the alite fraction, to release the present phases and to remove any excess contaminants, such as metallic iron.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production calcium sulfoaluminate (belite, ferrite) ternesite clinker using fluxes/mineralizers comprising the following steps providing a raw meal comprising at least sources of CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, SO3 sintering the raw meal in a kiln at >1200 to 1400° C. to provide a clinker, cooling the clinker, wherein a mineralizer comprising at least one compound containing chrome is added prior to sintering providing an amount of chrome calculated as Cr2O3 of at least 500 mg/kg in the raw meal. The invention further relates to the clinker obtained, as well as to calcium sulfoaluminate (belite, ferrite) ternesite cements and binders produced from the clinker.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an asphalt composition comprising asphalt or an asphalt mixture and to a silicon carbide-containing binder that can be heated by means of microwaves. The silicon carbide is present in the binder in particle form, the equivalent diameter of silicon carbide particles contained in the binder is less than 60 ?m. The invention also relates to a method for producing and/or renovating road surfaces or asphalt surfaces comprising at least one asphalt surface layer.

Abstract: A two-component mortar mass comprises a resin component (A), which contains at least one radically curable resin as a curable constituent, and a curing component (B), which contains a curing agent for the radically curable resin of the resin component (A). The radically curable resin can be obtained by reaction of an at least difunctional isocyanate with a hydroxy-functional silane and a hydroxy-functional, ethylenically unsaturated compound. The hydroxy-functional silane is the reaction product of a cyclic compound from the group of cyclic carbonates, lactones, and carbamates with a silane compound selected from the group of amino-functional, hydroxy-functional or mercapto-functional silanes.

Abstract: A roofing tile composed of concrete material and a method for producing such a roofing tile. The concrete material contains a binder, a gravel, a light-weight aggregate, and added water. The roofing tile has at least one watercourse and a lateral interlocking joint having a covering fold and a water fold. The ratio of water to binder is less than 0.3, the light-weight aggregate is composed of a material that is hydrophobic and/or not hygroscopic, and the roofing tile has a density in the range of 1.6 g/cm3 to 1.9 g/cm3 after the hardening. The roofing tile has a thickness of 5 mm to 9 mm, preferably 7 mm to 8 mm, in the highly loaded regions, preferably in the region of the watercourse.

Abstract: Nanostructured metalceramic composites with powdery consistency are disclosed, comprising nanoparticles of ferromagnetic metals (Fe, Ni, Co) dispersed in a ceramic matrix mainly based on amorphous silica and alumina as well as relevant processes for producing these materials are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxidation-induced highly-functional self-healing ceramic composition, a method for producing the ceramic composition, a use of the ceramic composition and a method for achieving the enhancement of the functionality of the ceramic composition, by focusing on a repairing stage and a remodeling state in a self-healing process and by carrying out elemental and structural designing of an oxidation-induced self-healing ceramic composition for the purpose of speeding up these stages.

Abstract: Provided are metal oxide ceramic materials and intermediate materials thereof (e.g., nanozirconia gels, nanozirconia green bodies, pre-sintered ceramic bodies, zirconia dental ceramic materials, and dental articles). The nanozirconia gels are formable gels. Also provided are methods of making and using the metal oxide materials and intermediate materials. The nanozirconia gels can be made using, for example, osmotic processing. The nanozirconia gels can be used to make nanozirconia green bodies, pre-sintered ceramic bodies, zirconia dental ceramic materials, and dental article. The nanozirconia green bodies, pre-sintered ceramic bodies, zirconia dental ceramic materials, and dental articles have desirable properties (e.g., optical properties and mechanical properties).

Abstract: Electronic devices are produced from dielectric compositions comprising a mixture of precursor materials that, upon firing forms a dielectric material comprising a barium-titanium-tungsten-silicon oxide.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for fabricating a solid article from a boron carbide powder comprising boron carbide particles that are coated with a titanium compound. Further disclosed herein are the unique advantages of the combined use of titanium and graphite additives in the form of water soluble species to improve intimacy of mixing in the green state. The carbon facilitates sintering, whose concentration is then attenuated in the process of forming very hard, finely dispersed TiB2 phases. The further recognition of the merits of a narrow particle size distribution B4C powder and the use of sintering soak temperatures at the threshold of close porosity which achieve post-HIPed microstructures with average grain sizes approaching the original median particle size. The combination of interdependent factors has led to B4C-based articles of higher hardness than previously reported.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an enhanced ceramic coating, ECC, composition comprising a non-stick ceramic coating composition, CCC, and 0.2 wt %-2 wt % diamond additive, DA with wt % compared with the total weight compared to the ECC composition. It also relates to a method of coating an artefact with the ECC, and an artefact provided 5 with a dry film coating containing an ECC prepared using an ECC composition of the invention. An artefact coated with the ECC has the combined advantages of durable non-stick, scratch resistance and abrasion resistance.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for coating a composite structure, comprising forming a first slurry by combining a first pre-slurry composition comprising a first phosphate glass composition, with a primary flow modifier and a first carrier fluid, wherein the primary flow modifier comprises at least one of cellulose or calcium silicate; applying the first slurry on a surface of the composite structure to form a base layer; and heating the composite structure to a temperature sufficient to adhere the base layer to the composite structure.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention include compositions for fertilizing and remediating soil. Compositions according to certain embodiments include a cellulose nutrient composition, a microbial blend composition, a source of nitrogen, a source of phosphorus and exotic micronutrients. Methods for using compositions of the invention to fertilize and remediate soil and kits having one or more compositions for fertilizing and remediating soil are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods of making a liquid fertilizer additive of biodegradable polymers and/or oligomers comprised of utilizing a non-aqueous polar, aprotic organo liquid (NAPAOL) as the reaction medium for the reaction of aldehyde(s) with cyano-containing nitrification inhibitors that have one or more groups that react with the aldehyde(s) wherein said reactive groups are selected from the group consisting of a) primary and secondary amines, b) amides, c) thiols, d) hydroxyls and e) phenol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to microbial inoculants, fertiliser compositions, growth mediums and methods for enhancing plant growth. In one aspect, the invention relates to a method of increasing plant growth, plant productivity, seed germination or soil quality for a dicotyledonous plant or a monocotyledonous plant, the method comprising the step of: applying to the plant a treatment agent comprising at least one plant-beneficial Burkholderia-like species.

Abstract: The disclosure provides strengthened products, including strengthened fibrous composite products and methods for making and using same and strengthened particulates, such as particulate fertilizer products, and methods for making and using same. The fibrous composite product can include a plurality of fibers and an at least partially cured strengthening resin. The fertilizer composition can include a particulate core that can include a plant nutrient, at least one coating layer of the strengthening resin, and at least one coating layer of a water insoluble material. The strengthening resin can include one or more aldehyde-based resins and one or more crosslinked resins. The crosslinked resin can include one or more polyamines at least partially crosslinked by one or more symmetric crosslinks and can include one or more azetidinium functional groups.

Abstract: A propellant may comprise a primary oxidizer having a density of greater than or equal to 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter; a secondary oxidizer having a density of less than 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter; and/or a fuel comprising at least one of zirconium metal, tin metal, titanium metal, aluminum metal, magnesium metal, or a metal hydride. The propellant may be substantially free of lead.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a radiolabeled compound is a production apparatus which produces a radiolabeled compound by introducing a radioisotope into a non-radioactive labeling precursor compound. The production apparatus includes a solid phase extraction unit in which a specific process which is a reaction of an intermediate compound, a purification of the intermediate compound, or a purification of the radiolabeled compound is carried out; and a cooling unit that cools the solid phase extraction unit, when the specific process is carried out.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for the conversion of methanol to gasoline. Such methods may be performed be the sequential conversion of methanol to dimethyl ether, the conversion of dimethyl ether (and unconverted methanol, if present) to an intermediate olefin-rich product, and the oligomerization of the olefin-rich product to gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for producing cyclic and acyclic ketones from trimerization and dimerization of alkyl ketones, including for example methyl ketones. Such cyclic and acyclic ketones may be suitable for use as fuel and lubricant precursors, and may be hydrodeoxygenated to form their corresponding cycloalkanes and alkanes. Such cycloalkanes and alkanes may be suitable for use as fuels, including jet fuels, and lubricants.

Abstract: Processes and reaction systems for low pressure oligomerization of olefins to produce distillate boiling range products using zeolite catalysts are provided herein.

Abstract: In a process for upgrading an ethane-containing C5? paraffin stream, the paraffin stream is contacted with an oxygen containing gas in the presence of a selective oxidation catalyst under conditions to selectively oxidize at least part of the ethane in the paraffin stream and produce a first product stream comprising ethylene. At least part of the first product stream is then with an oligomerization catalyst under conditions to oligomerize at least part of the ethylene and produce a second product stream comprising gasoline and/or distillate boiling range hydrocarbons. Gasoline and/or distillate boiling range hydrocarbons are then recovered from the second product stream and at least a part of any residual C5? paraffin stream is recycled to the selective oxidation step.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for producing ethylene oligomers and more particularly, to a process for oligomerizing ethylene by recycling butene, hexene, and octene in an ethylene oligomerization reaction with a catalyst system including a transition metal or transition metal precursor, a ligand with a backbone structure expressed by the following Chemical Formula 1, and a co-catalyst. [Chemical Formula 1] R1—O—Y—O—R2 or R1—OC(?O)—Y—C(?O)OR2 Herein, R1, R2 are each independently hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterohydrocarbyl, or substituted heterohydrocarbyl, and Y represents a group connecting O or C(?O)O and is hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hetero hydrocarbyl, or substituted heterohydrocarbyl. According to the oligomerization method of the present disclosure, in the distribution of the produced ?-olefins, C10?-C12? ?-olefins care highly distributed, the produced ?-olefins have a remarkably high purity.

Abstract: This present disclosure relates to processes and apparatuses for toluene methylation in an aromatics complex for producing paraxylene. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to processes and apparatuses for toluene methylation within an aromatics complex for producing paraxylene wherein an embodiment uses a riser reactor, another embodiment uses a pre-reactor producing dimethyl ether, and another embodiment uses partial regeneration of the catalyst.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for the preparation of acetylene and synthesis gas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with oxygen is proposed. The apparatus (10) comprises a reactor (12), wherein the reactor (12) comprises a burner block (14) with a furnace chamber for the preparation of a composition C1 comprising at least acetylene and substituted acetylene, a first scrubber (22) which is constructed for adding a solvent to the composition C1 to obtain a composition C2, a second scrubber (26) which is constructed for adding the solvent to the composition C2 to obtain a composition C3, a first stripper (36) which is constructed for stripping the composition C3 to obtain a composition C4 comprising the substituted acetylene, acetylene and the solvent and for separating off the acetylene, a first column (46) which is constructed for partial degassing of the composition C4 under a pressure of from 1.0 bar to 1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cyclopropanation process comprising the step of reacting an alkene compound having at least one carbon-carbon double bond with at least one dihaloalkane. The reaction is carried out in the presence of (i) particulate metal Zn, (ii) catalytically effective amount of particulate metal Cu or a salt thereof, (iii) at least one haloalkylsilane, and (iv) at least one solvent.

Abstract: This present disclosure relates to processes and apparatuses for benzene and/or toluene methylation under conditions of low temperatures in one of a vapor phase, a liquid phase or a mixed vapor-liquid phase, in an aromatics complex for producing para-xylene. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a process is provided for producing a xylene isomer comprising reacting oxygenates with an aromatic feedstock comprising toluene and/or benzene in a methylation zone operating under alkylation conditions including one of a vapor, a liquid phase or a mixed vapor-liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst to provide a product stream comprising the xylene isomer.

Abstract: A steam cracking process for converting hydrocarbons into smaller hydrocarbons, particularly olefins, in a tube reactor comprising a convection section, a cross-over section, and a radiant section. The process includes heating the fluid mixture inside the tube to a temperature at the end of the convection section where significant cracking occurs in the cross-over section. The high convection section and cross-over section temperatures allow for lower tube wall temperature in the radiant section resulting in less coke deposition on the inner wall of the tube, and hence extended run-lengths between adjacent decoking sessions.

Abstract: An isomerization catalyst for isomerizing a first straight-chain olefin to a second straight-chain olefin different therefrom in a double bond position in the presence of 20 ppm by volume or more of molecular oxygen and/or water, comprising: Si; and Al.

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses for producing para-xylenes are provided. The processes comprises providing a reformate stream comprising aromatic hydrocarbons to a reformate splitter to provide a reformate bottoms stream and a reformate overhead stream. A portion of the reformate bottoms stream is passed to a para-xylene separation unit for separating para-xylene, wherein the portion of the reformate bottoms stream is passed to the para-xyelene separation unit without an intermediate step for removal of olefins.

Abstract: Isomerization processes such as the isomerization of ethylbenzene and xylenes, are catalyzed by the new crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite comprising a novel framework type that has been designated UZM-55. This zeolite is represented by the empirical formula: M+mRAl1-xExSiyOz where M represents a metal or metals selected from zinc or Group 1 (IUPAC 1), Group 2 (IUPAC 2), Group 3 (IUPAC 3) or the lanthanide series of the periodic table including sodium, potassium or a combination of sodium and potassium cations, R is an organic structure directing agent or agents derived from reactants R1 and R2 such as where R1 is diisopropanolamine and R2 is a chelating diamine, and E is an element selected from the group consisting of gallium, iron, boron and mixtures thereof. Catalysts made from UZM-55 have utility in various hydrocarbon conversion reactions.

Abstract: A multi-stage dehydrogenation process including contacting, in a first stage, a feed stream comprising a hydrocarbon and steam with a dehydrogenation catalyst under dehydrogenation conditions to yield a first stage effluent, heating the first stage effluent, and contacting, in a second stage, the heated first stage effluent with a dehydrogenation catalyst under dehydrogenation conditions to yield a second stage effluent comprising a dehydrogenation product, wherein the first stage includes a first reactor and a second reactor arranged in parallel, and wherein the second stage includes a third reactor connected in series with the first reactor and the second reactor. A multi-stage dehydrogenation system for carrying out dehydrogenation is also provided.

Abstract: A method of preparing a bound zeolite support comprising: contacting a zeolite powder with a binder and water to form a paste; shaping the paste to form an wet extruded base; removing excess water from the wet extruded base to form an extruded base; contacting the extruded base with a fluorine-containing compound to form a fluorinated extruded base; calcining the extruded base to form a calcined fluorinated extruded base; washing the calcined fluorinated extruded base to form a washed calcined fluorinated extruded base; drying the washed calcined fluorinated extruded base to form a dried washed calcined fluorinated extruded base; and calcining the dried washed calcined fluorinated extruded base to form a bound zeolite support.

Abstract: A process for upgrading an ethane-containing C5? paraffin stream comprises contacting the paraffin stream with an oxygen containing gas in the presence of a selective oxidation catalyst under conditions to selectively oxidize at least part of the ethane in the paraffin stream and produce a first product stream comprising ethylene. At least part of the first product stream may then be contacted with an isoparaffin-containing feed in the presence of a solid alkylation catalyst and under conditions to alkylate at least part of the isoparaffin with at least part of the ethylene and produce a second product stream comprising C6+ alkylate. Alternatively, at least part of the ethylene in the first product stream may be dimerized before the alkylation step.

Abstract: A method comprising: introducing a refinery off gas stream into an oil absorber wherein the refinery off gas stream comprises H2, N2, O2, methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, and C4+; introducing a solvent into the oil absorber; counter-currently contacting the refinery off gas stream and the solvent in the oil absorber; generating an absorber overhead stream comprising H2, N2, O2, and methane; generating an absorber bottoms stream comprising the solvent wherein ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, and C4+ are dissolved in the solvent; introducing the absorber bottoms stream into a solvent regenerator and generating an overhead stream comprising ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, and C4+; and introducing the overhead stream into a C2-C3 splitter that generates a dilute ethylene product stream and a bottoms product stream, wherein the dilute ethylene product stream comprises ethylene and ethane, and wherein the bottoms product stream comprises propane, propylene, and C4+.

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses for producing para-xylenes are provided. The processes comprises providing a reformate stream comprising aromatic hydrocarbons to a reformate splitter to provide a reformate bottoms stream and a reformate overhead stream. A portion of the reformate bottoms stream is passed to a para-xylene separation unit for separating para-xylene, wherein the portion of the reformate bottoms stream is passed to the para-xyelene separation unit without an intermediate step for removal of olefins.

Abstract: This present disclosure relates to processes and apparatuses for toluene methylation in an aromatics complex for producing paraxylene. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to processes and apparatuses for toluene methylation within an aromatics complex for producing paraxylene wherein an embodiment uses a riser reactor, another embodiment uses a pre-reactor producing dimethyl ether, and another embodiment uses partial regeneration of the catalyst.