Abstract: The present invention provides mimetics of erythropoietin that bind to the erythropoietin receptor and that are suitable for use in pharmaceutical compositions. The present invention also provides methods of treatment using the mimetics of erythropoietin as well as methods of making the mimetics of erythropoietin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a derivative of a GLP-1 analog, which analog comprises a first K residue at a position corresponding to position 27 of GLP-1(7-37) (SEQ ID NO: 1); a second K residue at a position corresponding to position T of GLP-1(7-37), where T is an integer in the range of 7-37 except 18 and 27; and a maximum of ten amino acid changes as compared to GLP-1(7-37); wherein the first K residue is designated K27, and the second K residue is designated KT; which derivative comprises two albumin binding moieties attached to K27 and KT, respectively, via a linker, wherein the albumin binding moiety comprises a protracting moiety selected from HOOC—(CH2)x—CO— and HOOC—C6H4—O—(CH2)y—CO—; in which x is an integer in the range of 6-16, and y is an integer in the range of 3-17; wherein the linker comprises an element of the formula —NH—(CH2)2—(O—(CH2)2)k—O—(CH2)n—CO—, wherein k is an integer in the range of 1-5, and n is an integer in the range of 1-5; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, amide, or ester th

Abstract: The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compositions comprising modified apelin-13 peptide sequences designed to treat cardiovascular disease in subjects to whom they are administered, and which exhibit greater resistance to degradation, and equivalent or greater bioactivity than their wild type counterparts. The invention also relates to methods of making said compositions and using said compositions as pharmaceutically active agents to treat cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: In a broad aspect the present invention generally relates to novel dimer-complexes (herein called “non-fused-dimers” or NFDs) comprising single variable domains, methods of making these complexes and uses thereof. These non-covalently bound dimer-complexes consist of two identical monomers that each comprises of one or more single variable domains (homodimers) or of two different monomers that each comprises on or more single variable domains (heterodimers). The subject NFDs have typically altered e.g. improved binding characteristics over their monomelic counterpart. The NFDs of the invention may further be engineered through linkage by a flexible peptide or cysteines in order to improve the stability. This invention also describes conditions under which such NFDs are formed and conditions under which the formation of such dimers can be avoided.

Abstract: Described are binding molecules such as human monoclonal antibodies that bind to influenza virus H5N1 and have neutralizing activity against influenza virus H5N1. Also described are polynucleotides encoding the antibodies, and compositions comprising the antibodies and methods of identifying or producing the antibodies. The antibodies can be used in the diagnosis, prophylaxis, and/or treatment of an influenza virus H5N1 infection. In certain embodiments, the antibodies provide cross-subtype protection in vivo, such that infections with H5, H2, H6, H9, and H1-based influenza subtypes can be prevented and/or treated.

Abstract: The present inventors identified inhibition of a combination of EGFR ligands that serve as targets for inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. More specifically, EREG antagonists and TGF? antagonists were found to be useful as inhibitors of cell growth. The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing EGF family ligand antagonists as components.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of treating a pathogen-induced lung inflammation in a subject are provided in which an anti-S100A9 antibody is administered to a subject. Methods of treating a respiratory virus infection by administering an anti-S100A9 antibody are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the identification of certain biomarkers for use in identifying patients who have, or are likely to develop an IL-33 mediated disease or disorder and who are more likely to respond to therapy with an IL-33 antagonist. The invention also relates to methods of treatment of an IL-33-mediated disease or disorder in a patient by administering an IL-33 antagonist to the patient in need thereof and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy using the biomarkers described herein. Also provided are methods for decreasing the level of at least one biomarker in a subject suffering from an IL-33-mediated disease or disorder, and methods for treating such diseases or disorders according to the expression levels of one or more biomarkers. The methods of the present invention comprise administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising an interleukin-33 antagonist.

Abstract: The present invention provides stable pharmaceutical antibody formulations, including lyophilized formulations, comprising an anti-IL-4/anti-IL-13 bispecific antibody and a buffering system, wherein the pH of the formulation is about pH 7, and wherein the formulation has a low salt concentration in order to reduce the ionic strength of the formulation. The formulations may, optionally, further comprise a non-ionic surfactant, a sugar, and/or a non-ionic stabilizing agent. The formulations can be used in the treatment of various diseases.

Abstract: This application discloses anti-P-cadherin antibodies, antigen binding fragments thereof, and antibody drug conjugates of said antibodies or antigen binding fragments. The invention also relates to methods of treating cancer using the antibodies, antigen binding fragments, and antibody drug conjugates. Also disclosed herein are methods of making the antibodies, antigen binding fragments, and antibody drug conjugates, and methods of using the antibodies and antigen binding fragments as diagnostic reagents.

Abstract: Disclosed is a newly identified B7 family member, zB7H6, which functions as a counter-receptor for the NK cell triggering receptor, NKp30. Methods and compositions for modulating NKp30-mediated NK cell activity based on the interaction of zB7H6 with NKp30, as well as related screening methods, are also disclosed. Further disclosed are anti-zB7H6 antibodies as well as antibody-drug conjugates comprising an anti-zB7H6 antibody conjugated to a therapeutic agent, including methods for using such antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates to exert therapeutic effects against zB7H6-expressing cells.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for regulating fatty acid uptake and/or decreasing gastric motility in an animal are provided. The method comprises administering an antagonist of integrin ?v?3 or ?v?5 to an animal in an amount sufficient to reduce fatty acid uptake in the animal, thereby reducing fatty acid uptake in the animal. In some embodiments, the antagonist is an antibody. Also provided is a method of increasing fatty acid uptake and/or gastric motility in an animal.

Abstract: Antagonist of the BTLA/HVEM interaction for use in therapy The present invention relates to an antagonist of the BTLA/HVEM interaction for use in therapy, wherein said antagonist increases the proliferation of V?9V?2 T cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of osteoarthritis (OA) and/or pain. In accordance with the present invention, an antagonist of c-Fms is effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis and/or pain. An antagonist of M-CSF includes, but is not limited to, an antibody that is specific for M-CSF, IL-34 or c-Fms.

Abstract: The present invention provides agents comprising or consisting of a binding moiety with specificity for interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) for use in inducing cell death and/or inhibiting the growth and/or proliferation of cells associated with a solid tumor, wherein the cells express IL1RAP. A related aspect of the invention provides agents comprising or consisting of a binding moiety with specificity for interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) for use in detecting pathological cells associated with a solid tumor, wherein the cells express IL1RAP. Further provided are pharmacological compositions comprising the agents of the invention and methods of using the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides agents comprising or consisting of a binding moiety with specificity for interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) for use in inducing cell death and/or inhibiting the growth and/or proliferation of pathological stem cells and/or progenitor cells associated with a neoplastic hematologic disorder, wherein the cells express IL1RAP. A related aspect of the invention provides agents comprising or consisting of a binding moiety with specificity for interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) for use in detecting pathological stem cells and/or progenitor cells associated with a neoplastic hematologic disorder, wherein the cells express IL1RAP. Further provided are pharmacological compositions comprising the agents of the invention and methods of using the same.

Abstract: Anti-TNFRSF25 antibodies and variants thereof, including those that bind to an epitope in the region of amino acids 48-71, are disclosed. Also contemplated are uses of the antibodies in research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications.

Abstract: The invention provides anti-Notch1 NRR antibodies, and compositions comprising and methods of using these antibodies.

Abstract: An antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof which specifically binds the ?3 domain of a HLA-G protein, in particular binds the ?2-microglobulin free HLA-G protein exhibiting an ?3 domain. The nucleic acid molecules encoding a human HLA-G ?3 domain polypeptide, which is selected from a group of specific sequences, and vectors for the cloning and/or expression of such nucleic acid molecules, recombined cells or cell lines and compositions for use in a host in need thereof to interfere with and neutralize the immune down-regulation due to HLA-G proteins, and/or improving or treating conditions showing HLA-G+ lesions, and/or improving or treating a neoplasic condition or disease. A method of producing the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, immunogenic compositions for use to elicit in a host an immune response against the ?3 domain of HLA-G protein, and an in vitro method for detecting HLA-G protein in a sample are also described.

Abstract: The invention provides antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof that selectively bind to an epitope within the core region of transglutaminase type 2 (TG2). Novel epitopes within the TG2 core are provided. The invention provides human TG2 inhibitory antibodies and uses thereof, particularly in medicine, for example in the treatment and/or diagnosis of conditions including Celiac disease, scarring, fibrosis-related diseases, neurodegenerative/neurological diseases and cancer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a novel class of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies comprising a homogeneous population of anti-HER2 IgG molecules having the same N-glycan on each of Fc. The antibodies of the invention can be produced from anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies by Fc glycoengineering. Importantly, the antibodies of the invention have improved therapeutic values with increased ADCC activity and increased Fc receptor binding affinity compared to the corresponding monoclonal antibodies that have not been glycoengineered.

Abstract: This invention relates to RON compositions, in particular RON composition comprising a RON agonist, and methods of using the compositions for the treatment of diseases. The invention also relates to diagnosis of RON-associated or MSP-associated diseases.

Abstract: A process for producing a cellulose derivative, comprising: a first step including reacting a cellulose and a first reactant comprising a long-chain reactant for reacting with a hydroxy group of the cellulose to introduce a long-chain organic group having 5 or more carbon atoms, in a solid-liquid heterogeneous system, to form a cellulose derivative in a swollen state, the cellulose derivative having the long-chain organic group having 5 or more carbon atoms introduced therein and having a part of hydroxy groups of the cellulose remained, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain the cellulose derivative as an intermediate; and a second step including reacting the intermediate cellulose derivative and a second reactant comprising a short-chain reactant for reacting with a remaining hydroxy group of the intermediate cellulose derivative to introduce a short-chain organic group having 4 or less carbon atoms to form a final cellulose derivative having the short-chain organic group having 4 or less carbon a

Abstract: A hydrocolloid or aqueous solution comprising a poly alpha-1,3-glucan ether compound is disclosed having a viscosity of at least about 10 centipoise (cPs). The poly alpha-1,3-glucan ether compound in these compositions has a degree of substitution of about 0.05 to about 3.0. Also disclosed is a method for increasing the viscosity of a hydrocolloid or aqueous composition using a poly alpha-1,3-glucan ether compound.

Abstract: Provided is an ?-aminoalkylphenone compound that has good stability and low sublimability, efficiently generates radicals when irradiated with a bright line at 365 nm (I line) or the like, and is useful as a polymerization initiator to be used in a radically polymerizable composition. The ?-aminoalkylphenone compound is represented by Formula (I) mentioned below. In Formula (I) mentioned above, it is preferable that R11 is a nitro group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. The ?-aminoalkylphenone compound can be preferably used in a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to alcohol-terminated polyisobutylene (PIB) compounds, and to a process for making such compounds. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to primary alcohol-terminated polyisobutylene compounds, and to a process for making such compounds. In still another embodiment, the present invention relates to polyisobutylene compounds that can be used to synthesize polyurethanes, to polyurethane compounds made via the use of such polyisobutylene compounds, and to processes for making such compounds. In yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to primary alcohol-terminated polyisobutylene compounds having two or more primary alcohol termini and to a process for making such compounds. In yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to primary terminated polyisobutylene compounds having two or more primary termini selected from amine groups or methacrylate group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ionomers comprising a reaction product of the reaction between a halogenated isoolefin copolymer and at least one phosphorus based nucleophile comprising at least one pendant vinyl group. The present invention also relates to a method of preparing and curing these ionomers.

Abstract: Compositions are provided herein comprising a base polymer having engrafted with a secondary polymeric matrix having hydrophilic and lubricious copolymer brushes. Each copolymer brush further comprises functional groups immobilized along the surface of the brush in a plurality of layers, the functional groups conferring hydrophilic and lubricious properties to the base polymer. These polymer compositions are useful for e.g., fabricating devices for delivery of intraocular lenses (IOLs) as well as improving the hydrophilic properties of contact lenses.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a golf ball resin composition that comprises an ionomer resin with an excellent resilience and fluidity. Another object of the present invention is to provide a golf ball excellent in the resilience without lowering the durability significantly in a golf ball using the ionomer resin for the intermediate layer. The present invention provides a golf ball resin composition comprising, 100 parts by mass of (A) an ionomer resin consisting of a metal ion-neutralized product of a ternary copolymer composed of ethylene, ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms and ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, and from 25 parts to 100 parts by mass of (B) a metal salt of a fatty acid having 18 to 30 carbon atoms. The golf ball of the present invention is not limited, as long as it comprises a constituent member formed from the golf ball resin composition of the present invention.

Abstract: Provided are a curable composition including an amide compound that is represented by Formula (1) below and of which a density of sulfonic acid is 3.9 milliequivalent/g or greater. m represents an integer of 1 or greater, n represents an integer of 2 or greater, L1 represents a m+1-valent linking group, and L2 represents an n-valent linking group. R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and R2 represents —SO3?M+ or —SO3R3 (R3 represents an alkyl group or an aryl group). Here, in a case where there are plural R2's, not all of the R2's are —SO3R3. M+ represents a hydrogen ion, an inorganic ion, or an organic ion.

Abstract: Vulcanizable polymer compositions based on backbone-functionalized polydienes having the general formula (I):

Abstract: A metallocene complex I, II, III and IV, wherein Y is a C1-C20 linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl group, or a C6-C30 aryl or substituted aryl group; L is an electron-donating ligand; A is an element selected from Group 15 or 16; R is a C1-C30 alkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl group; n is an integer from 1 to 3; m is an integer from 1 to 4; B is a boron atom; M is selected from lanthanides or transition metals from group 3, 4, 5 or 6; X is an anionic ligand to M and z is the valence of M minus 2; and a catalyst comprising a 2-indenyl metallocene complex, a ligand precursor, a process for preparation of a ligand precursor, a process for preparation of olefin polymers in the presence of 2-indenyl metallocene complexes, articles comprising an olefin polymer, and methods of making the articles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a procatalyst comprising the compound represented by formula A as an internal electron donor, wherein: R81, R82, R83, R84, R85, and R86 are the same or different and are independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen or a straight, branched and cyclic hydrocarbyl group, selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkylaryl groups, and one or more combinations thereof, preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R87 is a hydrogen or a linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl group, selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkylaryl groups, and one or more combinations thereof, preferably having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and each R80 group is independently a linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl group selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkylaryl groups, and one or more combinations thereof, preferably having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms; N is nitrogen atom; O is oxygen atom; and C is carbon atom.

Abstract: Catalyst component for the polymerization of olefins comprising Mg, Ti and an electron donor of formula (I) In which X and Y are selected from, R1, and —OR1 and —NR2, B is oxygen or sulphur S is sulphur, R1 is selected from C1-C15 hydrocarbon groups, optionally contain a heteroatom selected from halogen, P, S, N, O and Si, which can be fused together to form one or more cycles, R is hydrogen or R1 and A is a bivalent bridging group with chain length between the two bridging bonds being 1-10 atoms.

Abstract: Methods for controlling the productivity of an olefin polymer in a polymerization reactor system using a halogenated hydrocarbon compound are disclosed. The productivity of the polymer can be increased via the addition of the halogenated hydrocarbon compound.

Abstract: Process for copolymerizing ethylene and esters of vinyl alcohol in the presence of free-radical polymerization initiators at pressures in the range of from 110 MPa to 500 MPa and temperatures in the range of from 100° C. to 350° C. in a continuously operated polymerization apparatus comprising a polymerization reactor and one or more compressors, which compress the monomer mixture fed to the polymerization reactor to the polymerization pressure, wherein the monomer mixture is compressed by a sequence of compression stages in which the compressed gas mixture is cooled after each compression stage and the fraction of the monomer mixture, which is liquid after this cooling, is separated off and returned to the polymerization apparatus in liquid form, and wherein at least a part of the liquid fractions obtained after compressing the monomer mixture in the respective compression stage to a pressure of from 0.2 MPa to 10 MPa is purified before being returned to the polymerization process.

Abstract: A process to form an ethylene-based polymer including polymerizing ethylene and at least one asymmetrical polyene comprising an “alpha, beta unsaturated-carbonyl end” (“?,? unsaturated-carbonyl end”) and a “C—C double bond end,” wherein the polymerization takes place in the presence of at least one free-radical initiator; and wherein the polymerization takes place in a reactor configuration comprising at least two reaction zones, reaction zone 1 and reaction zone i (i?2), wherein reaction zone i is downstream from reaction zone 1.

Abstract: The invention provides a specific metallocene compound and an olefin polymerization catalyst for use for a catalyst for producing an olefin polymer having a sufficiently high molecular weight while maintaining excellent copolymerizability at a polymerization temperature and under polymerization conditions industrially advantageous in polymerization of an olefin such as ethylene or the like, and provides a method for producing an olefin polymer using the catalyst.

Abstract: Methods for controlling or adjusting the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of an olefin polymer, such as an ethylene polymer, using an alkylaluminum compound are disclosed. In addition to the alkylaluminum compound, the catalyst systems contain a half-metallocene titanium phosphinimide compound and an activator.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of shape memory materials, it discloses a betaine-based shape memory polymer and the preparation method thereof. The polymer is formed through free radical polymerization of an unsaturated betaine monomer, an acrylic monomer, and an ethylene glycol divinyl ether monomer with the addition of an initiator. The betaine-based shape memory polymer has thermosensitive shape memory property and wet sensitive shape memory property, and it has good biocompatibility and an excellent shape memory property, antibacterial property. It is of great potential for use in engineering, construction, daily life and medical service.

Abstract: The present invention provides modified PVA having unsaturated double bonds derived from a specific monomer in the main chain of the molecule. A modified polyvinyl alcohol containing bond units of the formula (1) having double bonds in its molecular main chain: wherein each of X1 and X2 is a C1-12 lower alkyl group, a hydrogen atom or a metal atom, g is an integer of from 0 to 3, h is an integer of from 0 to 12, Y1 is a hydrogen atom or —COOM, and M is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a metal atom.

Abstract: The present invention provides a resist composition containing a base resin composed of a polymer compound having a repeating unit in which a hydrogen atom of a carboxyl group is substituted with one or more acid-labile groups selected from groups shown by the following general formulae (1-1) to (1-5), wherein R1 to R5 represent a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R6 represents a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group or acyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and “m” represents 1 or 2. There can be provided a resist composition that can improve the dissolution contrast of a resist film and reduce the film shrinkage after PEB, and a patterning process using the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymers obtainable by using novel polymerization initiator compounds and optionally chain end modifying agents. The invention further relates to a method of making the initiator compounds and the corresponding polymers, including chain end-modified polymers. The invention, also relates to polymer compositions comprising the polymer of the invention, and further components such, as extender oils, fillers, etc., and to corresponding vulcanized polymer compositions and articles comprising vulcanized parts made from, the vulcanized polymer composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymer obtainable by radical co-polymerization of a first monomer of general formula (I) or (II) or a mixture thereof: wherein A, A?, B, B? X, Y, Y? and n are as defined herein; with a second, cross-linking monomer and optionally with one or more further co-monomers; wherein the molar ratio of the first monomer to other monomers is less than or equal to 1:5. The polymers selectively bind to phosphate ester compounds and can be used as a solid phase in a method for isolating compounds comprising a phosphate ester group from a mixture comprising one or more phosphate monoesters and/or phosphate diesters and/or other compounds such as lipids.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to processes for preparing an emulsion containing core-sheath-shell polymer particles which, when dried, contain a microvoid which causes opacity in compositions in which they are contained. The particles can serve as binding or opacifying agents in paints, coating, impregnating, and molding compositions primarily, also extended to paper coatings and to some extent in leather, textiles and water based construction materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides an active energy ray-curable composition exhibiting high curability and having excellent offset printability when used for a printing ink, an active energy ray-curable printing ink having both excellent curability and offset printability, and a printed matter using the same. An active energy ray-curable composition includes a urethane (meth)acrylate resin (A) and a polymerization initiator (B), wherein the urethane (meth)acrylate resin (A) is produced by using an aromatic polyisocyanate (a), a hydroxyl group-containing mono(meth)acrylate (b), and a polyol (c) as essential reaction raw materials so that the ratio [(b?)/(a?)] of the number of moles (b?) of hydroxyl groups contained in the hydroxyl group-containing mono(meth)acrylate (b) to the number of moles (a?) of isocyanate groups contained in the aromatic polyisocyanate (a) is within a range of 0.99 to 0.40, and the urethane (meth)acrylate resin (A) has a (meth)acryloyl group concentration within a range of 1.5 to 4.0 mmol/g.

Abstract: New polyvinylamide and/or acryl acid-based copolymers. The new structured block copolymers are based on the block copolymerization of N-vinyl formamide (NVF) with other monomers by using a bifunctional initiator. Further, a method of preparing the structured block copolymer is provided, and especially a method wherein the NVF-based block is at least partially hydrolyzed to obtain PVAm. Also the use of the new structured block copolymers in sludge dewatering and in papermaking processes is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of block copolymers including at least one high vinyl segment, the method comprising (i) charging into a reactor a diene monomer in a hydrocarbon solvent, a catalytically effective amount of anionic initiator, and an oligomeric oxolanyl propane, whereby the reactor is optionally cooled; (ii) allowing the diene monomer to polymerize at a peak polymerization temperature of at least about 18° C. and less than about 60° C. to form a first block where the vinyl content is at least about 50 percent by weight; (iii) after step (ii), charging into the reactor a vinyl aromatic monomer, whereby the reactor is optionally heated to a temperature up to about 60° C.; (iv) allowing the vinyl aromatic monomer to polymerize to form a second block; and (v) optionally charging into the reactor a quenching agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a co-polymer polyol which has an ABA block structure wherein each A block comprises a plurality of hydroxy-carboxylic acid residues and the B block comprises at least one dimer fatty residue selected from a dimer fatty diacid residue, a dimer fatty diol residue and a dimer fatty diamine residue, wherein the co-polymer polyol comprises at least two hydroxyl end groups. The invention also provides a method of making the co-polymer polyol and a polyurethane comprising the co-polymer polyol.