Abstract: A gas sensor element (120) configured as a laminate of an oxygen pump cell (135) and an oxygen concentration detection cell (150) with a spacer (145) sandwiched therebetween. The spacer (145) has a gas detecting chamber (145c) formed therein and electrodes (138) and (152) of the cells (135) and (150), respectively, facing the chamber (145c). A leakage section (148) is faces the gas detecting chamber (145c) (measuring chamber).

Abstract: An inside lead portion of a gas sensor element has a lanthanum zirconate layer arranged between an electrically conductive oxide layer and a solid electrolyte member. Meanwhile, an inside detection electrode portion of the gas sensor element is formed such that (i) no lanthanum zirconate layer is formed between an electrically conductive oxide layer and the solid electrolyte member, or (ii) a lanthanum zirconate layer thinner than the lanthanum zirconate layer of the inside lead portion is formed between the electrically conductive oxide layer and the solid electrolyte member.

Abstract: A system for identifying a particle. The system includes a microfluidic device; a microelectrode array including a plurality of electrodes, the microelectrode array disposed within the microfluidic device; a plurality of particles suspended in a solution and delivered to the microelectrode array using the microfluidic device; a signal generator operatively coupled to the microelectrode array; a particle detector adjacent to the microelectrode array; and a controller in operative communication with the signal generator and the particle detector. The controller is configured to apply an oscillating voltage signal to the microelectrode array between a low frequency and a high frequency at a sweep rate, wherein the sweep rate is no more than a maximum sweep rate, and determine a distribution of the plurality of particles relative to the microelectrode array at a plurality of frequency levels between the low frequency and the high frequency.

Abstract: An ion filter and a method of manufacturing an ion filter. The method including providing a monolithic structure; selectively removing regions of the structure, to form a pair of electrodes defining at least one ion channel therebetween. The electrodes are preferably mechanically connected at one or more locations by a portion of the structure; wherein the connecting portion of the structure provides a higher electrical impedance than the filter would provide without such a mechanical connection, to thereby electrically separate the electrodes.

Abstract: A method is provided for inspecting a prestressed concrete pipe (PCP). An impedance probe is passed along the PCP. As the impedance probe travels along the PCP, a magnetic field within the impedance probe is generated and the impedance of the impedance probe is measured. The measured impedances are analyzed for anomalies, which may indicate broken prestressed wires. RFT probes, which are what are typically used for inspecting PCPs, require axial separation of two coils, one being an exciter coil and the other being a passive detector coil. However, there is only a single coil in an impedance probe and so the apparatus used to inspect the PCP is not as large axially. The apparatus used to inspect the PCP is simpler to set up than if an RFT probe is used, and coupling between a transmitter and a receiver is not a concern.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a system for predicting explosions in a dissolving tank. The system includes acoustic emission sensors placed in or around the dissolving tank. By filtering the recorded frequencies to the range which is most sensitive for desired explosions “fingerprints,” it is possible to predict a smelt influx before the smelt influx occurs as well as program response actions to prevent compromising explosions.

Abstract: A photoacoustic apparatus disclosed in the present specification includes: an acoustic wave transmission unit configured to transmit a transmission acoustic wave to a specific area; a control unit configured to control a transmission waveform of the transmission acoustic wave transmitted from the acoustic wave transmission unit; a light source configured to generate light emitted to an area including the specific area when the acoustic wave reaches the specific area; an acoustic wave reception unit configured to receive the acoustic wave and to output a time-series received signal; and a signal processing unit configured to acquire optical property information based on the time-series received signal, wherein the control unit controls the transmission waveform in such a manner that amplitude of a photoacoustic wave generated in the specific area is reduced by the transmission acoustic wave transmitted from the acoustic wave transmission unit.

Abstract: The present apparatus is configured to carry an instrument or probe and optionally deploy it against a surface, such as a metal pipeline or storage tank. The apparatus can include a sensor probe for inspecting the integrity of the surface and a first linkage that is operatively coupled to the sensor probe and configured to move the sensor probe according to a first path (in a first direction/first degree of freedom). An actuator can be operatively connected to the first linkage for moving the first linkage so as to move the sensor probe along the first path. A second linkage is operatively connected to the sensor probe and configured to passively move the sensor probe according to a second degree of freedom to cause the sensor probe to become normal to the surface when at least a portion of the apparatus contacts the surface.

Abstract: A method of processing an image, including estimating a point spread function (PSF) of an acquired image, and performing image restoration on the acquired image using the estimated PSF based on a generalized Gaussian model using inverse filter frequency domain so as to perform image restoration at high speed and to prevent a halo effect. The method provides high speed processing while preventing a halo effect. The apparatus includes an ultrasonic imaging apparatus including: an ultrasonic probe to irradiate an object with ultrasonic waves and to receive ultrasonic echo waves reflected from the object; a beamformer configured to perform beam forming based on the ultrasonic echo waves received by the ultrasonic probe; an image restorer configured to restore the image beam formed by the beamformer based on a generalized Gaussian model; and an postprocessor configured to suppress noise and aliasing which are produced in the process of restoring the image.

Abstract: A disposable chromatography sample introduction device includes a stylus with a holder and a tubular stem extending from one end of the holder containing porous sample-holding material. The stylus has a pair of spaced openings permitting fluid flow therethrough. An injector housing includes an insertion port for receiving the stylus, a seal, an inlet port for communicating with one stylus opening, and an outlet port for communicating with the other stylus opening. When the stem is immersed in a sample, sample enters the stem by capillary action. Thereafter, the stylus is inserted into the housing insertion port where mobile phase flowing from inlet port to outlet port passes through the stem extracting sample. The holder has a finger grip and an external thread that engages a complementary injector housing thread to secure the holder when the stylus is inserted therein.

Abstract: A sealed fluidic component for use in a fluidic flow path is made by providing a composite material comprising a first material and a second material, wherein the first material and the second material are different PAEK materials with the first material having a lower melting point than the second material. The composite material is heated to provide a sealing by the first material.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to gaseous mercury detection systems, calibration systems, and related methods. The gaseous mercury detection systems are configured to detect gas-phase mercury-compounds present in ambient air. For example, the gaseous mercury detection systems collect gas-phase mercury-compounds from ambient air and release the gas-phase mercury-compounds at concentrations capable of being measured by a gas-chromatography mass spectrometer without heating the gas-phase mercury-compounds above a decomposition temperature of at least one gaseous mercury compound that may present in the mercury-containing gas. The calibration systems are configured to determine an accuracy of or calibrate a gaseous mercury detection system. The disclosed calibration systems may be integrated with or distinct from the gaseous mercury detection systems disclosed herein.

Abstract: Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer comprising an ion source, the walls of which are realized or covered with at least one layer of graphene. Thus realized, the gas chromato graph-mass spectrometer proves to be particularly suited to the analysis samples containing hydrogen in addition to the substances to be analyzed. This situation generally occurs when the mass spectrometer is coupled to a gas chromatograph that utilizes hydrogen as the carrier gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for deriving an operation mode from a first fluidic device to a second fluidic device, wherein the first fluidic device has a first target operation mode representing a desired behavior of the first fluidic device and has a first real operation mode representing the actual behavior of the first fluidic device, wherein the second fluidic device has a second target operation mode representing a desired behavior of the second fluidic device and has a second real operation mode representing the actual behavior of the second fluidic device, the apparatus comprising a first determining unit configured for determining the first real operation mode based on the first target operation mode and based on a preknown parameterization of the first fluidic device, and a second determining unit configured for determining the second target operation mode based on the determined first real operation mode and based on a preknown parameterization of the second fluidic device.

Abstract: A Raman detecting chip for thin layer chromatography and a method for separating and detecting an analyte are provided. The Raman detecting chip for thin layer chromatography includes a silicon substrate. The silicon substrate includes a flat portion and a plurality of silicon nanowires disposed on the flat portion, wherein each silicon nanowire has a top surface and a sidewall. A metal layer covers the top surface and at least a part of the sidewall. The silicon nanowire has a length from 5 ?m to 15 ?m.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining a value that represents an amount of liquid in a vessel, wherein the vessel is configured to be a tube or a cuvette. The vessel for the liquid is basically transparent, with at least one radiation unit, that is arranged alongside the longitudinal axis of the vessel and that radiates light into the vessel, as well as at least one light detector with at least one light receiver that is assigned to the radiation unit and that receives the light that is coming through the vessel and forwards it to the light detector. The apparatus comprises a data processing unit that determines the value that represents the amount of the liquid in the vessel from the light that was detected by the light detector. The apparatus is characterized in that the light detector detects the sum total of the light that was radiated through the vessel and was received by all light receivers. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the apparatus in an analyzer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to analytical methods for determining the concentration, and/or stereoisomeric excess, and/or absolute configuration of chiral analytes in a sample.

Abstract: A multifunctional particle analysis device includes a particle measuring device and a particle composition analysis device. Calibration particles for which at least the number, size, and composition thereof are known are input to the particle measuring device and the particle composition analysis device and analyzed. The sensitivity of the particle measuring device is calibrated in accordance with the number and size of the calibration particles as measured by the particle measuring device, and the sensitivity of the particle composition analysis device is calibrated in accordance with the mass composition of the calibration particles as measured by the particle composition analysis device. Moreover, the irradiation axis of particles that enter the particle composition analysis device relative to a capturing unit is calibrated in accordance with a state in which the calibration particles are captured on the capturing unit of the particle composition analysis device.

Abstract: A gas monitoring system and a gas monitoring method make it possible to identify plural gas sensors having a single specification and which are connected to one trunk line. Trunk line connectors have identification configurations for allowing information concerning positions where the trunk line connectors to be identified are arranged. Hydrogen sensors have a single specification (the same specification). When connectors of the hydrogen sensors are fitted to the trunk line connectors, the hydrogen sensors store the sensor IDs, which are assigned to the hydrogen sensors, in memory units based on the identification configurations of the trunk line connectors.

Abstract: A hydrolysis-stable mesoporous silica material has surface bearing functional groups of formula OxSiR4-x, where x is in a range from 1-3 and where each of the radicals R independently of any other contains c carbon atoms, n nitrogen atoms and o oxygen atoms, for which c + n o > 0.35 . At least ? of the nitrogen atoms and of the oxygen atoms carries in each case at least one hydrogen atom or is ionic. At least one radical R of a functional group is crosslinked with another radical R of a different functional group. The material is produced by providing a mesoporous silica material and functionalizing the surface of the mesoporous silica material with at least one silane of formula YxSiR4-x, where x is in a range from 1-3 and where Y is a functional group which reacts with a hydroxyl group on the surface of the mesoporous silica material.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a novel fluorescence sensor for target analysis, a kit for target analysis, and a target analysis method using the same. The fluorescence sensor for target analysis according to the present invention includes a nucleic acid molecule that includes a G-quartet-forming nucleic acid region (D) that forms a G-quartet and a binding nucleic acid region (A) that binds to a target. In the absence of a target, formation of a G-quartet in the G-quartet-forming nucleic acid region (D) is inhibited. In the presence of a target, the target comes into contact with the binding nucleic acid region (A), the G-quartet is formed in the G-quartet-forming nucleic acid region (D) due to the contact, the G-quartet-forming region (D) and porphyrin forms a complex, and the complex generates fluorescence.

Abstract: A personal-sized, portable explosive detection field test kit (ETK) and related methods of use. Embodiments of the disclosed ETK include a case having a closing system featuring three levels of closure which retain the case cover securely in a closed position until ready for use, while being easily opened when necessary. The ETK instructions are permanently attached to the case to prevent loss. The case includes retention features which retain the kit components until needed and protects them against loss or damage. The ETK includes one or more test tubes that are color coded and include abbreviated instructions.

Abstract: Methods are provided for reservoir analysis. In some embodiments, a reservoir may be analyzed by obtaining abundance ratios at a first measurement station and a second measurement station and determining an abundance ratio trend. Abundance ratios at a third measurement station may be obtained and plotted versus depth with the previously obtained abundance ratios. A change in the abundance ratio trend may be identified and result in further investigation of the reservoir. If the abundance ratio is unchanged, additional abundance ratios may be obtained and plotted versus depth to further evaluate the abundance ratio trend. Methods for reservoir analysis using fluid predictions with and without offset well information are also provided.

Abstract: A cement testing apparatus has a pressure vessel system defining a first interior volume sealed from a second interior volume. The pressure vessel system has a confining pressure port in fluid communication with the first interior volume and a rebalance pressure port in fluid communication with the second interior volume. A cement sample container is provided within the first interior volume. A displacement indicator is coupled to move with deformation of a cement sample supported by the sample container. The displacement indicator has a first portion inside the first interior volume, a second portion inside the second interior volume, and a third portion traversing a space between the first and second interior volumes.

Abstract: A method for characterizing food-grade wooden part-components, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: emitting an IR radiation beam towards food-grade wooden part-components, receiving radiations reflected/transmitted by the radiated wooden part-components, processing said radiations reflected/transmitted by the radiated food-grade wooden part-components to generate information indicative of the radiation spectrum, determining, on the basis of said spectrum, the quantities PE(i) of odor active volatile compounds present in the food-grade wooden part-components, and characterizing said wooden part-components on the basis of determined quantities PE(i) of odor active volatile compounds.

Abstract: A system for monitoring impedance of excitable cells in vitro, which includes a device for monitoring cell-substrate impedance at 20 millisecond resolution, which includes a nonconductive substrate with one or more electrode arrays fabricated in one or more wells, wherein cell attachment on the substrate can result in a detectable change in impedance between electrodes within each electrode array; an impedance analyzer capable of impedance measurement at 20 millisecond time resolution; electronic circuitry that can engage said device and selectively connect said two or more electrode arrays of said device to said impedance analyzer; and a software program that controls said electronic circuitry and records and analyzes data obtained from said impedance analyzer.

Abstract: A method of analyzing molecules using a nanopore array including a plurality of cells included on a chip is disclosed. Nanopores are caused to be formed in at least a portion of the plurality of the cells. A first physical measurement of the nanopores is evaluated. It is determined whether to cause the molecules to interact with the nanopores. At least a portion of the nanopores is caused to interact with the molecules. A second physical measurement of the nanopores that indicates a property of the molecules is evaluated. It is determined whether to cause the nanopores to be reformed so that the cells may be reused to interact with additional molecules.

Abstract: Devices and methods are described for measuring formed blood component sedimentation rate. Some of the methods may use (1) centrifugal techniques for separating red blood cells from plasma and (2) video and/or still imaging capability. Both may be used alone or in combination to accelerate formed blood component sedimentation and to measure its rate. In one example, the method may advantageously enable rapid measurement of sedimentation rate using small blood sample volumes. Automated image analysis can be used to determine both sedimentation rate and hematocrit. Automated techniques may be used to compensate for effects of hematocrit on uncorrected sedimentation rate data.

Abstract: A gas-sensing apparatus with a self-powered microheater to reduce power usage and enhance efficiency when determining a presence of one or more gases in an air sample is provided. The gas-sensing apparatus includes a substrate, a sensing layer coupled to the substrate, and a heater element connected to the sensing layer and having at least one sheet. The sheet is made from a homogenous mixture of zinc powder and activated carbon. Oxygen from ambient air interacts with zinc ions in the zinc powder in an exothermic reaction to generate heat energy for use in heating the sensing layer to a desired temperature, thereby permitting the sensing layer at the desired temperature to detect the presence or ratio of the one or more gases in the air sample.

Abstract: A cell culture assay device can include: a substrate having a plurality of discrete microfluidic networks and a plurality of wells over the discrete microfluidic networks, each discrete microfluidic network having one or more wells fluidly coupled thereto, the wells extending upward from the discrete microfluidic networks; and a manifold body coupled with the substrate and having at least one fluid conduit pair for each microfluidic network and/or each well, each fluid conduit pair including a fluid inlet conduit and a fluid outlet conduit fluidly coupled to a corresponding microfluidic network and/or well. The substrate can be formed from a substrate base having the microfluidic networks coupled to a well plate having the wells associated with the microfluidic networks.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cell lines transformed to express G-Protein Coupled Receptor GPCR22 and uses thereof for identifying guanosine analogs and/or other ligands to the receptor. In particular, techniques for transforming Drosophila Schneider 2 cells and human astrocytoma 1321N1 cell to express GPCR22 are disclosed as well as transformed cells lines. The transformed cell lines of the instant disclosure may be useful in identifying guanosine analogs and functional equivalents thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for enhanced detection of a disease by among others enhancing the difference in a microscopic property of diseased cells and normal cells, thereby enhancing the detection sensitivity and specificity.

Abstract: A system and method provide for high through put determination of agglutination states. The system includes a rotating table and multiple plate tilting stations. The system also includes one or more optical paths positioned to image entire plate arrays in tilted and/or untilted configurations. The system preferably includes image analysis software to analyze an image of an array of test wells and determine an agglutination state of each well based on the image analysis.

Abstract: In an aspect, a sensor includes a combining portion that combines with a second substance having a molecular weight larger than a molecular weight of a first substance. Further, in an aspect, the sensor includes a substrate including a surface on which the combining portion is disposed. The combining portion detects whether or not the first substance is included in an analyte that has come into contact with both an aptamer and the second substance. The aptamer includes a first combining part for the first substance and a second combining part for the second substance and is combined with either of the first substance and the second substance.

Abstract: The subject invention provides materials and methods for detecting Zika virus. Specific embodiments provide an electrochemical immunosensing device and the methods of making and using the same for detecting Zika virus with exceptionally low detection limit. In some embodiments, the immunosensing device is capable of detecting picomolar (pM) level of Zika virus present in a sample by employing immunosensors functionalized with Zika virus binding ligands such as monoclonal Zika virus antibodies and Zika non-structural proteins. In an exemplary embodiment, the immunosensing device can be integrated with microelectronics to be adopted as point-of-care sensing systems. Advantageously, technologies provided herein offer rapid, on-site biosensing methods for the accurate detection of diseases caused by Zika virus.

Abstract: A sensing chip including a substrate, a plurality of metal nanostructures, a first surface modified layer and a second surface modified layer is provided. The metal nanostructures are disposed on the substrate. The first surface modified layer is disposed on a surface of the metal nanostructures, wherein the first surface modified layer includes a plurality of thiol group-containing molecules. The second surface modified layer is disposed on a surface of the substrate, wherein the second surface modified layer includes a plurality of silyl group-containing molecules.

Abstract: A process for depleting host cells from a xenograft of human cells on a murine host is disclosed. The process includes fragmenting the xenograft, subjecting the sample to antibodies specific for a murine CD9 epitope coupled to a detection means, depleting the cell suspension from cells bound by the CD9-antibodies using the detection means, and collecting the cells not bound by the CD9-antibodies as target cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the discovery that measurement of the level of cytochrome c (Cyt-C) in the plasma can be used as a diagnostic signature to predict antiretroviral therapy (ART) toxicity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. Thus, in various embodiments described herein, the methods of the invention relate to methods of diagnosing a HIV patient with ART toxicity, methods of predicting a patient's risk of having or developing toxicity for ART, methods of assessing if a patient will benefit from a change in the treatment strategies by adjusting the dosage and/or changing the medication or even terminating of ART, and methods of predicting antiretroviral drugs propensity for causing mitochondrial toxicity. Furthermore, the invention encompasses a diagnostic kit for carrying out the aforementioned methods.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an early mastitis detection method that can detect mastitis easily and quickly when compared to the prior methods and also a biomarker to be used with the method. The object can be solved by a method of examining a mammary gland disease by using the level of cyclophilin A in a mammary gland or in milk as indicator. More specifically, the object can be a method of examining a mammary gland disease comprising steps (1) and (2) listed below; (1) a step of detecting cyclophilin A in the milk collected from an udder or an udder quarter of a subject and thereby determining the cyclophilin A level in the milk; and (2) a step of determining the onset of a mammary gland disease or the possibility of onset of a mammary gland disease in the udder or the udder quarter of the subject on the basis of the cyclophilin A level in the milk.

Abstract: The present invention relates to BTK occupancy assays.

Abstract: Among others, the present invention provides apparatus for interacting with a biological subject to detect circulating tumor cells therein, comprising one device for sending a signal to the biological subject and optionally receiving a response to the signal from the biological entity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel screening method that identifies simple molecular markers that are predictive of whether a particular disease condition is responsive to a specific treatment. Also, a method of diagnosing the susceptibility of an individual suffering from a disease to treatment with an HDAC inhibitor is provided. Also provided is a method of treating a proliferative disease or a condition which involves a change in cell differentiation or growth rate in a patient.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed which is capable of being used for detection, comprising a noble metal nanoparticle. The inventive compositions exhibit little interaction with serum proteins while exhibiting pH-dependent adsorption onto live cell membranes. The nanoparticles of the claimed invention are capable of interacting with cell membranes, which in turn permits the advantages of nanoparticle bio-imaging to be extended to many pH dependent biological processes such as targeting acidic tumor microenvironment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of determining whether a patient with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and who has been treated with anti TNF? therapy is in immunological remission (IR), said method comprising determining the level of a cytokine selected from TNF?, IL-17 and IFN-y in a Gl mucosal sample from said patient. Also provided are methods of prognosis and treatment using said method of determination, in particular discontinuing treatment if said patient is in IR and continuing treatment if said patient is not in IR.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for modulating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection involving substances that inhibit the ability of high mobility box 1 (HMGB1) protein to interact with natural killer (NK) cells. Therapeutic compositions comprising antibodies and drugs, such as glycyrrhizin, which bind to HMGB1. Methods of detecting or monitoring HIV infection involving detection or quantitation of HMGB1 or antibodies specific for HMGB1 in a biological sample.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for the prognosis and/or diagnosis of vascular-related disorders in a subject and in particular pregnancy-related vascular disorders. The present disclosure is based on the finding that a positive correlation exists between positive prediction of a vascular disorder event in a subject and the concentration of the circulating marker NTproCNP (also referred to as NT-CNP) in humans and animals. In addition, the present disclosure is based on the finding that there is also a positive correlation between the occurrence of a vascular related adverse event during pregnancy and the concentration of the circulating marker NT-proCNP in the maternal circulation.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to optical nanosensors comprising photoluminescent nanostructures are generally described. Generally, the nanosensors comprise a photoluminescent nanostructure and a polymer that interacts with the photoluminescent nanostructure. In some cases, the interaction between the polymer and the nanostructure can be non-covalent (e.g., via van der Waals interactions). The nanosensors comprising a polymer and a photoluminescent nanostructure may be particularly useful in determining the presence and/or concentration of relatively small molecules, in some embodiments. In addition, in some instances the nanosensors may be capable of determining relatively low concentrations of analytes, in some cases determining as little as a single molecule. In some embodiments, the interaction between the analyte and the nanosensor (e.g.

Abstract: A method for diagnosis of HIT (Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia) in a patient's serum or plasma sample and a system comprising kits for performing the method are provided, where the method involves incubating a patient's sample with and without heparin and normal control sample with and without heparin with a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) of an individual not having a platelet disorder and then incubating an aliquot of each sample with a first label for both heparin activated and non-heparin activated platelets and a second label for platelets activated by the heparin-immune complex formed in the patient sample. HIT is diagnosed when the difference between the amount of activated platelets from the patient's sample with and without heparin is substantially larger than the difference between the normal control sample with and without heparin.

Abstract: Methods for diagnosing or assisting in the diagnosis of iron-related pathologies are provided. The methods are based on the correlation of the degree of iron-specific hypercoagulability with clinical disease. One embodiment provides a method for diagnosing or assisting in diagnosing a subject having or suspected of having an iron-related pathology by analyzing a blood sample obtained from the subject to obtain viscoelastic parameters of the blood sample as the blood sample coagulates. A variation in the viscoelastic parameters of the blood sample relative to a blood sample from a healthy subject indicates the subject has or will likely develop an iron-related pathology. Subjects having an iron-related pathology have viscoelastic parameters that are indicative of enhanced coagulation and/or diminished fibrinolysis compared to the viscoelastic parameters of the blood sample from the healthy subject.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a toilet apparatus for detecting a drug marker in a urine sample. The drug markers are fluorophores each of which emits a unique fluorescence spectrum. Accordingly, the toilet does not detect the drug but rather, the drug marker. The user consumes a drug composition which includes a drug and a fluorescent drug marker. The user urinates normally into the toilet and fluorescence spectrometer within the toilet analyzes the urine for drug markers based on their unique fluorescent spectra. Computer software associated with the toilet identifies, and in some embodiments, quantifies the fluorescent spectra by comparing the detected spectra to known spectra of fluorescent markers associated with the drug.