Abstract: A dialysis machine comprising: a first sensor for detecting motion of a patient; a second sensor for detecting a health condition of the patient; a processing module for: controlling dialysis functions of a dialysis treatment; receiving information related to a status of the dialysis treatment in which toxins are removed from blood of the patient; receiving, from the first sensor, information related to the motion of the patient; receiving, from the second sensor, information related to the health condition of the patient; and identifying an emergency condition based at least in part on the information related to the motion of the patient, the information related to the health condition of the patient, and the information related to the status of the dialysis treatment; and a transceiver for: in response to identifying an emergency condition, sending a notification that includes patient information to one or more remote entities.

Abstract: A portable hemodialysis system is provided including a disposable cartridge and a reused dialysis machine. The disposable cartridge includes a dialysate flow path and a blood flow path which flow in opposite directions through a dialyzer. The disposable cartridge includes a filter for removing waste products from the dialysate, and pressure and fluid flow sensors for measuring the pressure and fluid flow in the dialysate flow path and blood flow path. Preferably, the filter has a vapor membrane for releasing gases including ammonia, but not liquids such as the dialysate. The reused dialysis machine possesses a reservoir for dialysate, an ammonia sensor adjacent to the vapor membrane, a level sensor, a blood leak sensor, a venous blood line pressure sensor, a venous blood line bubble detector, pump motors, and a processor connected to the motors and sensors for controlling and monitoring hemodialysis treatment.

Abstract: A method of displaying a predicted state of a medical apparatus, and a medical apparatus employing the method are disclosed. The method comprises receiving a sensor signal from a sensor of the medical apparatus, filtering the sensor signal by an adaptive filter such that a predicted signal is achieved, determining a state from the predicted signal, and displaying an indication through a user interface of the medical apparatus based on the determined state.

Abstract: A device for degassing liquids, in particular liquids used in dialysis, has a degassing unit that includes an ultrasonic unit. Liquids to be degassed are treated in the degassing unit by ultrasound from the ultrasonic unit. Degassed liquids are discharged from the degassing unit through a hollow channel in the ultrasonic unit, and are available for further use.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for replenishing urease in a sorbent cartridge for use in sorbent dialysis. The sorbent cartridge is configured to allow an amount of urease to be added to the sorbent cartridge. A urease solution can be injected into the sorbent cartridge to replenish the urease containing module, or solid urease can be added to the sorbent cartridge. The sorbent module can also comprise other, rechargeable, sorbent materials for removing toxins other than urea from spent dialysate.

Abstract: An example dialysis system includes a dialysis machine and a receiver coded with at least one of an address or a personal identification number (“PIN”). The dialysis machine is configured to perform a prescribed dialysis treatment on a patient, generate ultrafiltration (“UF”) removed data over the prescribed dialysis treatment performed by the dialysis machine, and transmit the UF removed data. The example receiver is configured to receive at least one of blood pressure data from a blood pressure monitor or patient weight data from a weight scale. The at least one coded address or PIN ensures that the at least one of the blood pressure data or the patient weight data is received by the receiver as opposed to another receiver.

Abstract: A dialysis bloodline set includes an arterial chamber with upper, lower and central portions, in which the maximum section area of the upper and central portions is less than that of the lower portion. The venous chamber may be completely filled with blood in use. The reduced volume of air within the bloodline provides, ceteris paribus, more rapid sensing of fault conditions during dialysis, while the smaller upper portion of the arterial chamber provides a useful medication point and makes manufacture easier.

Abstract: A rotatable electrical connector can include a base housing having a bottom surface, a top housing that is rotatably engaged with the base housing, and a plurality of contact pads that are arranged radially within the base housing. The contact pads each have a top surface and a bottom surface. A plurality of signal pins are individually associated with the plurality of contact pads; and each of the signal pins correspondingly project outwardly from the bottom surface of an associated contact pad and outwardly from the bottom surface of the base housing. A center ground pad, having a top surface and a bottom surface, is provided within the base housing. A ground pin projects outwardly from the bottom surface of the center ground pad and outwardly from the bottom surface of the base housing. A plurality of conductors is arranged radially within the top housing. The conductors individually correspond to the plurality of contact pads within the base housing.

Abstract: A safety medical connector includes a composite inner pipe, a first resilient element, and a second resilient element. The first resilient element hermetically seals the entrance of the composite inner pipe. In operation, the first resilient element is pushed aside such that the entrance of the inner pipe opens. After use, the second resilient element drives the composite inner pipe and the first resilient element to restore position. Hence, the safety medical connector advantageously features reduced liquid residue and enhanced structural stability.

Abstract: A medical device (2, 3, 20), in particular a medical infusion device (2, 3, 20), comprises a control unit (200) for controlling operation of the medical device (2, 3, 20), a visual alarm generator (201) for generating a visual alarm signal (V), and an audio alarm generator (202) for generating an audio alarm signal (S). Herein, the control unit (200) is constituted to control the visual alarm generator (201) and the audio alarm generator (202), in case of an alarm condition, for producing a visual alarm signal (V1, V2) and an audio alarm signal (S1, S2) which are offset with respect to each other by a predetermined time difference (T1). In this way a medical device is provided which allows to enhance the perception of a user to help the user to quickly identify a medical device on which an alarm condition has occurred.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to systems, methods and devices for delivering a drug or other therapy to a patient with an ambulatory infusion pump configured to provide a series of tolerance-building steps leading up to a plateau delivery rate. The plateau delivery rate is maintained until the prescribed amount of drug or therapy fluid is delivered to the patient. Embodiments of the invention include providing the patient or other user with a mechanism to decrease, or step down, the therapy delivery rate if a tolerance was not achieved at a lower rate, and providing notifications prior to a step up in a dosage delivery rate.

Abstract: A surgical fluid management system includes a source of surgical media, a surgical instrument, a first pump, one or more filters, a second pump, and a controller. The first pump is operatively coupled between the source of surgical media and the surgical instrument. The one or more filters are configured to filter bodily discharge from a surgical site. The second pump is operatively coupled between the one or more filters and the first pump. The controller is in electrical communication with the first pump and the second pump to control the first and second pumps.

Abstract: A computer implemented method of determining a clinical variables utilizing an insulin pump that includes initiating blood glucose measurements, initiating ingestion of carbohydrates and receiving input data based on the blood glucose measurements and the ingestion of carbohydrates and utilizing the data to calculate clinical variables. The invention may include presenting instructions to a patient to take various actions and to input various data. The clinical variables determined may be stored in memory and then used to calculate insulin doses and to send a signal to an insulin pump to infuse the insulin dose calculated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to method of manufacturing a fluid guiding assembly for a drug delivery device and to a respective fluid guiding assembly. Said method comprising the steps of: providing a first member having at least one recess in a first surface portion, at least partially filling the recess with a joining component at least partially protruding from the first surface portion of the first member, arranging a second member having a second surface portion adjacent to the first member such that first and second surface portions thereof face towards each other to form an interface area between the first and the second members, wherein the joining component comprises a material different to the material of the first and/or second member wherein at least one channel structure extending along the interface area is formed by at least one deepening of the first member and/or of the second member, selectively providing thermal energy to the joining component to bond together first and second members.

Abstract: A syringe barrel includes an barrel main body having a female luer at a distal end of the barrel main body, the female luer being configured such that a male luer is insertable into and connectable to the female luer; and a cap that is detachably attached to the female luer to close an opening of the female luer. The female luer has a female luer-side connector, and the cap is detachably attached to the female luer via the female luer-side connector. The cap includes an insertion part inserted into the female luer, a sealing part that seals the opening of the female luer, and a cap-side connector that is detachably engaged with the female luer-side connector.

Abstract: An infusion device includes a housing with an interior chamber sized and configured to hold at least a flange and plunger of a syringe, a trigger held by the housing, and a lever in communication with the trigger and including an upwardly extending cam with a cam path having an upper end. The cam is in communication with the flange of the syringe. In response to actuation of the trigger to dispense fluid from the syringe, the upper end of the cam travels upward above the syringe and longitudinally toward a dispensing end of the syringe to linearly translate the plunger of the syringe in a first direction to dispense fluid from the syringe. To refill fluid into the syringe, the upper end of the cam travels downward and longitudinally away from the dispensing end of the syringe to linearly translate the plunger in a second direction to intake fluid.

Abstract: An assembly including a drug delivery device and a monitoring device adapted to detect an action taking place in the drug delivery device. The drug delivery device including a main portion having a drug expelling mechanism for expelling drug from the reservoir through an outlet, a housing in which at least a portion of the expelling mechanism is arranged, and a member able to attach a cover to the drug delivery device. The cover is adapted to cover the outlet when mounted. The monitoring device includes a housing portion, a member for detecting an action taking place in the drug delivery device, and at least one member adapted to engage a member present on the main portion. By this arrangement the monitoring device can be placed in a pre-determined position relative to the main portion, allowing efficient transmission of information between the monitoring device and the main portion.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for maintaining breast or udder health. The systems include a first container comprising a top and a bottom, one or more cups attached to the top of the container and a first temperature-controlling element for providing vapor from the container to a breast or udder via the cup.

Abstract: A monitoring device includes a housing that is constructed and arranged to be removably attached to a drug delivery device for an inhaled drug. A color detector is operatively associated with the housing and constructed and arranged to detect an identifying color of at least a portion of the drug delivery device when the housing is attached to the drug delivery device and to output color information for use by a processor to, based on the detected color, identify information about the inhaled drug.

Abstract: A nebulizer is proposed which includes an insertable container and a securing mechanism for holding the container in the nebulizer such that the container can move back and forth but can not be separated. The securing mechanism is formed by a metal unitary part. The securing mechanism forms a transportation lock for holding the container unmovable in the housing in a delivery state of the nebulizer. The securing mechanism forms a ring with flexible holding fingers.

Abstract: A breathing apparatus includes components, including, but not limited to, a flow generator, a patient interface, and a delivery conduit. A connector for connecting components of the breathing apparatus includes a male connector, including a recess, extending from a first component, and a female connector, including a lever pivotally connected thereto, extending from a second component. A switch indicates a connection state of the connector. The switch includes a ring provided in an end of the first or second component and the ring includes a projection extending through an aperture in the end of the first or second component. The projection is movable between a first position and a second position to indicate the state of the connector.

Abstract: A stabilizer arm for a BVM resuscitator and method of use is disclosed. The stabilizer arm provides necessary support to the reservoir bag to enable the user to exert downward pressure on the BVM resuscitator while simultaneously squeezing the reservoir bag, and creates force that is focused, directed, and realized at the mask of the assembly. Due to presence of stabilizer arm, this pressure pushes the facial mask downward to assist in forming a tight mask to face seal. The stabilizer arm may be internal, external or integrated into the reservoir bag wall of the BVM resuscitator and may be retro-fitted or original equipment manufactured. The external stabilizer arm may be designed to engage the outlet port neck of the BVM resuscitator with an open collar or a closed collar. The internal stabilizer arm may be configured to fit BVM resuscitators having single piece or multiple piece outlet valve design.

Abstract: A hollow structure for a face mask includes an inner wall, an outer wall spaced from the inner wall to define a hollow area between the inner wall and the outer wall, and a bottom wall that couples the inner wall to the outer wall. A first portion and a second portion together define a closable opening into the hollow area. The second portion is coupled to the outer wall by a bi-stable membrane that allows the second portion to move between (1) a first, opened position in which the second portion is spaced from the first portion to allow access to the hollow area through the opening, and (2) a second, closed position in which the second position abuts the first portion to close the opening.

Abstract: A pivotable frame assembly (60) for a patient interface device (8) is provided. The patient interface device includes a mask (10) and a support assembly (40). The support assembly includes a first support member (52), a first strap (42A) and a second strap (42B), the first strap coupled at two locations to the first support member. The second strap is structured to be temporarily coupled to a mask first, temporary support assembly coupling (18). The pivotable frame assembly includes a frame member (62), a hinge assembly (64) and a support assembly strap coupling (66). The hinge assembly pivotally coupled the frame assembly and the mask. In this configuration, when the mask is coupled to the hinge assembly second component (82), the mask may move between a first position, wherein the mask is pivoted away from the user's face, and a second position, wherein the mask is sealed against the user's face.

Abstract: A system and method of body temperature regulation, including inhalation of cooled or warmed air flow supplied either manually or by a ventilator through an intubation tube or a breathing mask. The system is automatically regulated to produce a regime of compensated hyperventilation defined as the rate of breathing gas supply that would cause the defined decrease of CO2 blood levels if left uncompensated under given conditions. The system relies on minimized thermal inertia by including a combined heating/warming chamber, where the corresponding heating and cooling paths are mutually insulated. The inhaled breathing gas is automatically directed via a heating or cooling path by a processor, analyzing the inputs of temperature and CO2 level sensors measuring the core body temperature and CO2 blood level.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system (102) for providing biofeedback to a person (104). The system (102) comprises a source (106) for generating a source signal (108) and a transducer (110) for generating a measurement signal (112) in response to a physiological parameter (114) indicative for mental relaxation of the person (104). The system (102) furthermore comprises a filter (116) for variably filtering the source signal via modifying a cut-off frequency in response to the measurement signal (112) and an interface (118) for providing a biofeedback signal (119) to the person on the basis of the source signal as variably filtered by the filter (116).

Abstract: Cleaning systems and devices are provided for cleaning body-inserted tubes (e.g., endotracheal tubes, chest cleaning tubes). In one embodiment, a closed suction system includes a suction catheter having at least one deployable (e.g., inflatable) cleaning member at a distal portion of the suction catheter and at least one suction opening distal to the cleaning member. The closed suction system module may include a control unit at its proximal end adapted to facilitate operation in one of the following three operational states: i) a first operational state in which only the cleaning member is functional, ii) a second operational state in which only suction is functional, or iii) a third operational state in which neither suction nor the cleaning member is functional.

Abstract: A catheter for use in a patient's heart, especially for mapping a tubular region of the heart, has a catheter body, a deflectable intermediate section and a distal a mapping assembly that has a generally circular portion adapted to sit on or in a tubular region of the heart. A control handle of the catheter allows for single-handed manipulation of various control mechanisms that can deflect the intermediate section and contract the mapping assembly by means of a deflection control assembly and a linear control assembly. The deflection control assembly has a deflection arm and a rocker member. The linear control assembly has a linear control member, an inner rotational member and a cam. A pair of puller members are responsive to the deflection control assembly to bi-directionally deflect the intermediate section. A third puller member is responsive to the linear control assembly to contract the generally circular portion of the mapping assembly.

Abstract: Catheter devices and methods useable for directing a guidewire from a subintimal position within the wall of an artery into the true lumen of that artery or other applications wherein it is desired to direct a guidewire or other elongate device from one location to another location within a subject's body.

Abstract: A tunneling system for use with a catheter includes an elongate tunneling member defining a longitudinal axis along at least a portion of a longitudinal length thereof. The elongate member has a first end and a second end. The tunneling system further includes a connector configured for releasably engaging the second end of the elongate tunneling member to the catheter.

Abstract: Embodiments are presented of a balloon assembly operable to provide a balloon diameter vs. balloon pressure profile generally depicting a balloon inflation sequence providing at least one intermediate inflated diameter and a final inflated diameter of a balloon such that the balloon attains the at least one intermediate diameter at a predetermined pressure, and attains the final diameter at a final predetermined pressure that is lower than a predetermined pressure of a last intermediate pressure.

Abstract: Methods and devices to quickly and accurately apply medication to a paranasal sinus are disclosed. Additionally, the methods and devices prevent the medication applied to a paranasal sinus from flowing down a patient's throat by expanding, using an inflation lumen of a device, an expandable member of the device adjacent to the patient's choana.

Abstract: A dilation apparatus includes a shaft, a dilation balloon, and a standoff member. The shaft includes a first lumen and a second lumen. The distal end of the second lumen is proximal to the distal end of the first lumen. The dilation balloon encompasses the second distal end of the second lumen such that the dilation balloon defines an interior in fluid communication with the second lumen. A distal portion of the standoff member is positioned within the interior of the dilation balloon. The distal portion of the standoff member is distal to the second distal end of the second lumen. The standoff member provides a pathway for fluid communication between the interior of the dilation balloon and the second lumen. The standoff member may include a tube, a thread, polymeric beading, or other structures.

Abstract: The present application discloses devices and methods for delivering a therapeutic compound to the olfactory epithelium of an animal or human. The device having one or more channels for imparting a circumferential and axial velocity to the discharged fluid, and an outlet that discharges an aerosol spray having a circumferential and axial velocity as it enters the nasal cavity of a user. The device is designed to displace the air in the upper nasal cavity in order to specifically deposit a therapeutic agent on the olfactory epithelium while minimizing pressure and discomfort experienced by the user.

Abstract: A combination therapy pad that includes a first layer and a second layer operatively coupled to the first layer. A fiber-optic array is disposed between the first layer and the second layer. A third layer is operatively coupled to the first layer. The third layer includes a vacuum tube in fluid communication with a vacuum source and a therapeutic fluid tube in fluid communication with a therapeutic fluid source. The third layer provides at least one of vacuum therapy and therapeutic fluid treatment to a wound area.

Abstract: A multilayered composite sheet for delivering one or more therapeutic agents to the skin is disclosed. The composite sheet comprises a flexible porous polymer with open cells of a sufficient size for holding a therapeutic agent, an encapsulating agent for encapsulating the flexible porous polymer and therapeutic agent, and an enrobing agent for enrobing the encapsulated flexible porous polymer and therapeutic agent. Additional layers of the flexible porous polymer, therapeutic agent and other materials are added to the first layer which is in contact with the skin. The first layer has particular particle sizes for the flexible porous polymer, open cell size, and therapeutic agent allowing for relatively quick delivery of the therapeutic agent to the skin. Each successive layer placed on top of the first layer has incrementally larger particle sizes of the flexible porous polymer and therapeutic agent providing successively longer delivery times than the first layer.

Abstract: A power-injectable access port suitable for providing subcutaneous access to a patient and suitable for power injection. The access port includes a septum, a housing, and a reservoir defined by the septum and the housing. The septum may include a material that seals passages formed by puncturing the septum with a hollow slender element or another suitable access mechanism, and a radiopaque material forming a selected pattern when an x-ray is taken through the septum for identifying the power-injectable access port as being suitable for power injection. The housing and the septum may be structured for accommodating a pressure developed within the reservoir of at least 35 psi. The power-injectable access port may be designed to accommodate a flow rate of at least 1 milliliter per second of a fluid.

Abstract: A connector for a medical use comprising a fitting secured to a chamber, the fitting being provided at its center with a needle encased at least in its terminal portion in the recess of an elastic seal having, across the thickness of its free end, a slit or the like, the elastic seal being further provided with a ring. A terminal end of the elastic seal has a deformable peripheral rim overlapping the end of said ring.

Abstract: An antiseptic cap and packaging for use with a connector are provided. The antiseptic cap includes a material containing an antiseptic solution. Upon application of the cap to the connector, the material compresses thereby releasing the antiseptic solution. Packaging of the antiseptic cap typically includes a cap holder and a lid. A user could remove the cap from the cap holder before applying it to a connector. Alternatively, the cap holder may be used to apply the cap to the connector.

Abstract: Needleless connectors are described. An example needleless connector includes a housing and a compressible valve. The housing may define an internal cavity and may include a body section having a first port and one or more internal contact tabs and a base section having a valve mount and a second port. The compressible valve may be disposed within at least a portion of the internal cavity and be movably retained within the housing. The compressible valve may include a flange portion for securing the compressible valve within the housing. A central longitudinal axis of the housing may be defined by a coaxial arrangement of the first and second port. The one or more internal contact tabs may be arranged to contact an outer side surface of the flange portion such that a radial force substantially orthogonal to the central longitudinal axis is provided for securement.

Abstract: In one example, a cochlear lead includes a flexible body, an array of electrodes in the flexible body, and a plurality of wires passing along the array of electrodes. The plurality of wires includes a flexural geometry between each pair of adjacent electrodes and a substantially straight geometry over the electrodes. A method for forming an electrode array with a reduced apical cross section is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flexible circuit electrode array adapted for neural stimulation, comprising: a polymer base layer; metal traces deposited on the polymer base layer, including electrodes suitable to stimulate neural tissue; a polymer top layer deposited on the polymer base layer and the metal traces at least one tack opening. The present invention provides further a method of making a flexible circuit electrode array comprising depositing a polymer base layer; depositing metal on the polymer base layer; patterning the metal to form metal traces; depositing a polymer top layer on the polymer base layer and the metal traces; and preparing at least one tack opening.

Abstract: The present disclosure may comprise an improvement to the prior art leads as disclosed above. One embodiment is directed to an intravenous medical electrical lead that includes an elongated lead body. The elongated lead body comprises a length between proximal and distal ends with a longitudinal axis extending therebetween. The distal end of the lead body includes a plurality of electrodes forming first and second pairs of electrodes. The first pair of electrodes comprises one electrode electrically connected to another electrode circumferentially and diagonally spaced apart along the longitudinal axis. The second pair of electrodes comprising one electrode electrically connected to another electrode circumferentially and diagonally spaced apart along the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: The present disclosure may include a system for delivering energy to an airway wall of a lung comprising an energy delivering apparatus and a PID controller having one or more variable gain factors. The energy delivering apparatus may include a flexible elongated member and a distal expandable basket having at least one electrode for transferring energy to the airway wall and at least one temperature sensor for measuring temperature.

Abstract: An active implantable medical device (AIMD) for use with a medical lead carrying at least one lead electrode. The AIMD comprises interior electronic circuitry configured for performing a medical function via the medical lead, an electrically conductive case containing the interior electronic circuitry, at least one electrical terminal configured for electrically coupling the electronic circuitry respectively to the lead electrode(s), and an inductive element coupled in series between the electrical terminal(s) and the case. The inductive element is configured for hindering the shunting of electrical current from the at least one electrical terminal to the case that has been induced by electromagnetic interference (EMI) impinging on the medical lead.

Abstract: A method for implanting a neurostimulation lead within a patient includes measuring impedances of electrodes on the lead in order to correctly position the lead relative to a target tissue region. The electrodes are circumferentially segmented electrodes that are spaced from each other about the longitudinal axis of the lead. When the difference between the impedances of the electrodes exceeds a threshold value, the lead is in the correct position. In accordance with another embodiment, impedance measurements are used to select which one of the electrodes is closest to the target tissue region. By determining which electrode has the highest impedance and which electrode has the lowest impedance, the type of tissue adjacent to each electrode can be determined based on the conductivity properties of the tissue. The target tissue region may be a spinal cord, a posterior longitudinal ligament, white matter, or gray matter.

Abstract: An EMI/energy dissipating filter for an active implantable medical device (AIMD) is described. The filter comprises a first gold braze hermetically sealing the insulator to a ferrule that is configured to be mounted in an opening in a housing for the AIMD. A lead wire is hermetically sealed in a passageway through the insulator by a second gold braze. A circuit board substrate is disposed adjacent the insulator. A two-terminal chip capacitor disposed adjacent to the circuit board has an active end metallization that is electrically connected to the active electrode plates and a ground end metallization that is electrically connected to the at least one ground electrode plates of the chip capacitor. There is a ground path electrically extending between the ground end metallization of the chip capacitor and the ferrule.

Abstract: An EMI/energy dissipating filter for an active implantable medical device (AIMD) is described. The filter comprises a first gold braze hermetically sealing the insulator to a ferrule that is configured to be mounted in an opening in a housing for the AIMD. A lead wire is hermetically sealed in a passageway through the insulator by a second gold braze. A circuit board substrate is disposed adjacent the insulator. A two-terminal chip capacitor disposed adjacent to the circuit board has an active end metallization that is electrically connected to the active electrode plates and a ground end metallization that is electrically connected to the at least one ground electrode plates of the capacitor. A ground path electrically extends between the ground end metallization of the chip capacitor and the ferrule. The ground path comprises a conductive pin electrically and mechanically connected to the ferrule by a third gold braze.

Abstract: An ESD grounding apparatus for grounding mats or other equipment to provide a ground connection to mat as well as receptacles for operator wrist straps, and other equipment. The apparatus attaches to a mat by means of securing member such as a clamp or compressing screw rather than using destructive rivets or snaps that create holes in the mat. By using a securing member to secure the device to the mat, the device can be easily removed and reused in another location without damaging or weakening the mat, whereas the previous devices require installing an additional snap into the mat in each location that requires a ground.

Abstract: A gait modulation system including: (a) a sensor device including a sensor adapted for associating with at least one lower limb of the patient, the sensor for transducing at least one parameter related to a gait of the patient, so as to obtain gait data related to the gait, and (b) a muscle stimulator including: (i) an electrical stimulation circuit, the circuit adapted to supply an electrical stimulation output to an electrode array for performing functional electrical stimulation of at least one muscle of the lower limb, and (ii) a microprocessor, operatively connected to the at least one sensor, the microprocessor adapted for: receiving a stream of gait information based on the gait data; processing the gait information, and controlling the stimulation output based on the processing of the gait information, and wherein the microprocessor is further adapted to identify a failure in the stream of gait information, and to consequently control the electrical stimulation circuit to deliver a fail-safe stimulati