Abstract: Methods and devices quickly and accurately locate the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) while performing a sphenopalatine ganglion block procedure that introduces a medication to the SPG. The methods and devices also prevent the medication applied to the SPG from flowing down a patient's throat during the procedure.

Abstract: Inflation devices configured to communicate with remote displays are disclosed herein. Kits including such inflation devices with portable display devices are also disclosed herein. Methods of remotely displaying pressure data from a medical device are also disclosed herein. Devices, kits, and methods of connecting medical devices to remote displays and transferring information to or from linked computers are also disclosed.

Abstract: A balloon catheter includes a one-piece extrusion having inner and outer tubular walls, where the inner tubular wall defines a wire guide lumen, and a clearance extending between the inner and outer tubular walls forms an inflation lumen. A balloon is attached to the outer tubular wall and to the inner tubular wall, such that the inflation lumen is in fluid communication with the balloon and the wire guide lumen extends through the balloon. A method of making the balloon catheter is also disclosed.

Abstract: A medical balloon catheter including a catheter shaft and an inflatable balloon secured to a distal portion of the catheter shaft. One or more cutting blades are secured to the inflatable balloon by a first polymeric adhesive material forming a mounting pad encasing a base portion of the cutting blade therein, and a second polymeric adhesive material adhesively bonding the mounting pad to a surface of the balloon. The first polymeric adhesive material has a first ductility and the second polymeric adhesive material has a second ductility greater than the first ductility.

Abstract: An improved method and device are provided for forming and/or maintaining a percutaneous access pathway. The device generally comprises at least one of three type of components: access pathway, insertion device, and attachment device. In one embodiment, the device is used to form and/or maintain a percutaneous access pathway into the pleural cavity (i.e. tube thoracostomy). The provided assembly substantially reduces the possibility of iatrogenic infection while accessing and/or re-accessing a body space.

Abstract: A tissue bonding implantation device includes an internal drainage tube having an internal surface and an external surface, an inflatable balloon in the shape of a toroid encircling the outer surface of the internal drainage tube, and a balloon inflation conduit in fluid communication with an interior of the inflatable balloon. A transcutaneous sleeve in the form of a tube having an internal diameter allows the sleeve to fit over the external surface of the internal drainage tube, and the sleeve includes a horizontal flange positioned at a top edge of the sleeve.

Abstract: A dilation system and method for accessing a surgical target site to perform surgical procedures. In one version, the dilation system includes a dilation assembly and an actuating mechanism. The dilation assembly comprises plurality of dilator segments. The actuating mechanism is operably associated with the dilator segments so as to cause the dilator segments to move from a collapsed state to an expanded state.

Abstract: A blood coagulating device can include an absorbent body; and a hemostatic lysine composition associated with the body. The body can have a cylindrical or conical member having a first end having the hemostatic composition, the first end being configured for insertion into a nasal passageway. A method for coagulating blood can include providing a powdered hemostatic lysine composition; and applying the powdered hemostatic lysine composition to blood so as to cause the blood to coagulate and form a clot. The coagulation can occur in a nasal passageway away from a blood vessel. The method can include providing at least one absorbent member having the powdered hemostatic lysine composition; and applying the at least one absorbent member to the blood so that the powdered hemostatic lysine composition causes the blood to coagulate and clot.

Abstract: Transdermal therapeutic systems are described which have at least one electronic component, as well as methods for producing this type of transdermal therapeutic systems.

Abstract: An operation tool for a fluid injector includes a selective movement mechanism which moves the fluid injector between a first protruding position and a second protruding position in a housing of an outer cylinder. When the fluid injector is at the first protruding position, microneedles of a multi-microneedle device are protruded out to a first distance from the first open end. When the fluid injector is at the second protruding position to discharge a fluid via the microneedles, the microneedles are protruded out to a second distance from the first open end, which is shorter than the first distance. The selective movement mechanism includes a rotational-linear movement conversion mechanism which moves the fluid injector between the first and second protruding positions along a longitudinal center line of the outer cylinder based on a direction and an amount of rotation of the outer cylinder relative to the fluid injector.

Abstract: A connector includes in a main body, first to third ports each having a flow channel allowing inflow or outflow of an infusion solution, an internal flow channel configured to communicate between flow channels of the first port and the second port, and a through hole connected to an internal flow channel. In the internal flow channel, an upstream side wall surface is provided which guides infusion solution flowing into the internal flow channel from the first port to the through hole, and reduces the cross-sectional area of the flow channel for the infusion solution near the through hole relative to the cross-sectional area of the flow channel of the first port in order to increase a flow rate of the infusion solution.

Abstract: Some embodiments relate to a luer connector comprising a housing having a hollow bore therethrough, a first end, and a second end, a male luer tip supported by the housing configured to rotate with respect to the housing, the luer tip having a first open end and a passageway through the luer tip in fluid communication with the first open end, and a substantially rigid internal member extending into the passageway of the luer tip toward the first open end of the luer tip. In some embodiments, at least one of the luer tip and the internal member can be axially moveable between a first closed position and a second open position relative to the other of the luer tip and the internal member. Further, the luer tip and the internal member can cooperate such that rotation of the luer tip in a first direction relative to the housing increases an axial displacement between the first open end of the luer tip and an end portion of the internal member.

Abstract: A luer lock connector is disclosed. The luer lock connector includes a connector body having a distal end, a proximal end, and a gripping portion between the distal end and the proximal end. A substantially flexible material is disposed on at least the outer surface of the gripping portion of the connector body. An intravenous line is coupled to the distal end of the connector body. A luer connector fitting is disposed on the proximal end of the body, the luer connector having an outer diameter less than a maximum exterior thickness of the gripping portion of the connector body.

Abstract: A syringe assembly includes (1) a syringe barrel defining a chamber; (2) a plunger mounted in the chamber and moveable with respect to the barrel; and (3) a cap assembly containing a cap and an absorbent material is removably attached to the plunger. A strip package includes at least two cap assemblies. Each of the cap assemblies includes a cap holder and an antiseptic cap positioned in the cap holder. The antiseptic cap includes a sidewall defining a chamber and an antiseptic substance within the chamber. A strip extends over at least two cap assemblies. The strip includes a first seal engaged to the cap holder and a second seal engaged to the antiseptic cap.

Abstract: A connector of the present invention includes a housing and a valve, wherein the housing has a flow path and a pipe connecting port, and the valve is formed of an elastic material and is adapted to block the pipe connecting port. The valve has a substantially columnar deformable portion. The deformable portion has a top surface exposed from the pipe connecting port, a bottom surface opposite to the top surface, and a slit that extends from the top surface to the bottom surface. When the top surface is pressed by the pipe, the deformable portion of the valve will be displaced toward the flow path while elastically deforming, so that inner surfaces that define the slit will face the flow path, and the top surface will form an opening that communicates with the flow path.

Abstract: An electrode array with a flexible array substrate on which plural spaced apart electrodes are disposed. Integrated circuits are disposed in the array substrate. The integrated circuits are mounted to package substrates. The package substrates are more rigid than the array substrate. Internal to each package substrate is at least one electrical conductor. The electrical conductor extends from a bond pad integral with integrated circuit at least partially through the package substrate. The electrical conductor functions as the conductive member that extends between the integrated circuit an electrode with which the integrated circuit is associated.

Abstract: An electrode array and a delivery assembly. The array is wrapped around a flexible core part of the delivery assembly. A sheath, also part of the delivery assembly, is disposed over the array and core. Steering cables extend through the core. Once the delivery assembly-encased array is inserted in the body, the combination is advanced to the tissue over which the array is to be deployed. By pulling on the steering cables the array and assembly are steered into position. Once the array is in position, the sheath is retracted, the array deploys over the target tissue.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treating dermis and hypodermis by placing at least a first electrode at the surface of a to-be-treated skin region and contacting a second electrode at another position on the body to be treated then applying between the electrodes a current with pulse component, said current being sufficient to produce electro-osmotic pressure/velocity wavefronts corresponding to the fundamental frequency in blood vessels in the dermis and hypodermis of the skin region.

Abstract: Neuroprosthetic device for restoring daily-life action movements of upper limbs in patients suffering from motor impairments. The neuroprosthetic device comprises several non-invasive electrodes adapted to be fixed on a patient body, in a way as to stimulate at least two separate muscles which participate to the movement execution of the upper limb, an electrical stimulation device for injecting electrical current into said electrodes and a controller unit for regulating said currents through said electrodes. The neuroprosthetic device is characterized by the fact that the controller unit comprises transducing means which are adapted to convert an input current. The input current is regulated according to the intention to execute a movement, into a plurality of electrical currents defined in a way as to generate and modulate the movement execution, in order to generate complex goal-oriented movements for performing daily-living activities.

Abstract: Described is a system for weakening traumatic memories using transcranially-applied electro-stimulation. The system uses a recording of spatiotemporally distributed brain activity of a human subject experiencing a traumatic memory to generate a traumatic pattern. Additionally, the system uses a recording of spatiotemporally distributed brain activity of the human subject experiencing a non-traumatic memory to generate an antidote pattern. A required transcranially-applied electro-stimulation is determined to recreate the antidote pattern to block consolidation and reconsolidation of the traumatic memory in the human subject.

Abstract: An exemplary system includes 1) a cochlear implant module configured to be implanted within a patient and including cochlear implant circuitry configured to apply electrical stimulation representative of one or more audio signals to the patient, 2) a first connector assembly coupled to the cochlear implant module and configured to be implanted within the patient, the first connector assembly including a first set of induction coils, 3) an implantable module configured to be implanted within the patient, and 4) a second connector assembly coupled to the implantable module and configured to be implanted within the patient, the second connector assembly including a second set of induction coils. The first and second sets of induction coils are configured to form a multi-channel inductive link between the implantable module and the cochlear implant module. Corresponding systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: In some examples, a chronic implantable neurostimulator supports trial and chronic modes of operation. In addition, in some examples, the neurostimulator can alternatively include one or more sensors that may or may not function differently in trial and chronic modes. The device may be designed to be used as both a trial neurostimulator and a permanent, or chronic, neurostimulator. A trial neurostimulation period can be used to evaluate the efficacy of the therapy. A percutaneous or implantable trial neurostimulator is used for the trial neurostimulation period. In most cases, the trial period is successful, in which case the trial stimulator is explanted and replaced with a permanent, i.e., “chronic,” implantable stimulator. In accordance with the disclosure, an implantable neurostimulator supports both trial neurostimulation and chronic neurostimulation in the event trial stimulation is successful.

Abstract: An implantable magnetic resonant imaging (MRI) safe stylus for biomedical devices is described. In one example, the stylus includes a set of stylus modules. One or more of the stylus modules includes a core rod formed of silicon carbide (SiC) material, a recording array mounted on the core rod, and a stimulation array mounted at a distal end of the core rod. The stylus also includes a hemispherical cap formed of SiC material. In part due to the construction and choice of materials used in the stylus, it does not substantially couple with electromagnetic fields during an MRI, for example. Therefore, the stylus does not produce excessive additional heat. The designs described herein also rely on the high thermal transport but low heat capacity of SiC to provide a thermal pathway which will conduct induced heat throughout the stylus, to dissipate heat more evenly.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed feedthrough filter assembly is attachable to an active implantable medical device and includes an insulator substrate assembly and a feedthrough filter capacitor disposed on a device side. A conductive leadwire has a proximal leadwire end extending to a distal leadwire end, wherein the proximal leadwire end is connectable to electronics internal to the AIMD. The distal leadwire end is disposed at least partially through a first passageway of the feedthrough filter capacitor and is in contact with, adjacent to or near a device side conductive fill. A first electrically conductive material makes a three-way electrically connection that electrically connects the device side conductive fill to an internal metallization of the feedthrough filter capacitor and to the distal leadwire end. A second electrically conductive material electrically connects an external metallization of the feedthrough filter capacitor to a ferrule or an AIMD housing.

Abstract: An implantable medical device includes a housing. A first ID tag is secured relative to the housing at a first position and defines a first radiopaque manufacturer code section that visually identifies a manufacturer of the implantable medical device. A second ID tag is secured relative to the housing at a second position that is offset from the first position in at least one dimension. The second ID tag defines a second radiopaque manufacturer code section that also visually identifies the manufacturer of the implantable medical device.

Abstract: An extra-cardiovascular implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is configured to induce a tachyarrhythmia by charging a high voltage capacitor to a voltage amplitude and delivering a series of pulses to a patient's heart by discharging the capacitor via an extra-cardiovascular electrode vector. Delivering the series of pulses includes recharging the high-voltage capacitor during an inter-pulse interval between consecutive pulses of the series of pulses.

Abstract: A defibrillator (20) employs a ECG monitor (23), a shock source (24) and a controller (25). In operation, the controller synchronizes a ECG analysis window (EAW) to a shock activation of the defibrillator, and analyzes a ECG waveform (30) of a heart (11) of a patient (10) as monitored by the ECG monitor within the ECG analysis window for detecting the patient experiencing an organized heartbeat condition or an unorganized heartbeat condition. The controller further controls a delivery by the shock source of a synchronized defibrillation shock to the heart of the patient in response to a detection within the ECG analysis window by the controller of the patient experiencing the organized heartbeat condition, or controls a delivery by the shock source of an unsynchronized defibrillation shock to the heart of the patient in response to a detection by the controller within the ECG analysis window of the patient experiencing one of the unorganized heartbeat condition or an undetected organized heartbeat condition.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for determining a defibrillation treatment protocol in an external defibrillator whereby a user may override a CPR-first default protocol. The method includes following steps configured in a defibrillator controller of issuing an inquiry; waiting for a response to the inquiry for a set time; ordering a CPR treatment protocol if no response is received within the set time; analyzing a response; ordering a CPR treatment protocol upon receiving a non-affirmative response to the inquiry; and ordering a shock treatment protocol upon receiving an affirmative response to the inquiry. Upon selecting a shock treatment protocol, the defibrillator performs a shock analysis under the shock treatment protocol, and either orders a CPR treatment protocol if shock treatment is not indicated by the shock analysis or provides a defibrillation shock if shock treatment is indicated by the shock analysis. Queries may be presented to a user in visual, audible, or both visual and audible format.

Abstract: A transcranial magnetic stimulation device in accordance with embodiments of the present invention comprises a head mount for disposition on a head of a patient and configured with a plurality of attachment points, a plurality of magnetic assembly devices connected to the plurality of attachment points, a given magnetic assembly device equipped with an actuator device to actuate a magnet, is addressable, and configured to receive a control signal addressed to the given magnetic assembly device, and a processor having a memory and configured by program code. The processor is configured to: select one or more treatment protocol units, generate a control signal using at least information contained in the selected treatment protocol units, energize at least one magnetic assembly device over a period of time to cause the magnet to actuate according to the control signal, and monitor the patient response to energizing to addressable actuator.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for providing a portable magnetic field therapy system for treatment of diseases and adverse health conditions, such as cancer.

Abstract: A portable self-contained tooth-whitening device includes a compact housing structured and configured to be held in a fixed position adjacent to a human jaw during use; at least a first array of LEDs disposed in a first plane at a front side of the housing and arranged to deliver blue visible light or near-visible UV light of at least a threshold intensity to substantially all anterior surfaces of anterior maxillary teeth or anterior mandibular teeth of the human jaw, wherein the first array of LEDs forms at least two intersecting arcs, each of which is disposed in the first plane and has its own focal point located outside the device; and at least one battery cell powering the array of LEDs.

Abstract: In one example, a system electrically stimulates target cells of a living animal using an elongated structure, a modulation circuit and a light pathway such as provided by an optical fiber arrangement. The elongated structure is for insertion into a narrow passageway in the animal such that an end of the elongated structure is sufficiently near the target cells to deliver stimulation thereto. The modulation circuit is for modulating the target cells while the elongated structure is in the narrow passageway, where the modulation circuit is adapted to deliver viral vectors through the elongated structure for expressing light responsive proteins in the target cells. The light pathway is used for stimulating the target cells by delivering light to the light-responsive proteins in the target cells.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for light delivery assemblies and, more particularly to light delivery assemblies/systems that provide light to and/or illuminate/treat predetermined locations (e.g., surgical sites), and related methods of use. An exemplary light delivery assembly (e.g., a surgical site light) includes a shell/housing (e.g., a plastic shell/housing) with a cross-sectional shape similar to an inward-facing asymmetrical C. The shell/housing is shaped to be placed proximal to a site (e.g., surgical site) and emit light onto the site from a plurality of directions while inhibiting the light from radiating away from the outside of the shell/housing. Exemplary light delivery assemblies of the present disclosure can be utilized for a variety of different applications/treatments/uses (e.g.

Abstract: A system for radiotherapy includes an accelerator of an electron beam, an imaging apparatus, a control unit and a radiation dose sensor connected to the control unit equipped with a program configured to execute the steps: setting a first intensity of the electron beam, according to a predefined image of a target zone, the intensity to be emitted in a first radiation; operating said accelerator to emit the first radiation being a fraction of the first intensity; detecting a real intensity during the first radiation by the radiation dose sensor; acquiring an image of the zone; calculating an intermediate intensity according to the image acquired in the step and according to the real intensity; and comparing the first intensity with the intermediate intensity to calculate a final beam intensity for a subsequent second radiation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems, methods, and computer-readable storage media for radiotherapy. Embodiments of the present disclosure may receive a plurality of training data and determine one or more predictive models based on the training data. The one or more predictive models may be determined based on at least one of a conditional probability density associated with a selected output characteristic given one or more selected input variables or a joint probability density. Embodiments of the present disclosure may also receive patient specific testing data. In addition, embodiments of the present disclosure may predict a probability density associated with a characteristic output based on the one or more predictive models and the patient specific testing data. Moreover, embodiments of the present disclosure may generate a new treatment plan based on the prediction and may use the new treatment plan to validate a previous treatment plan.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to automatically control the timing of an image acquisition by an imaging system in developing a correlation model of movement of a target within a patient.

Abstract: The invention provides for a medical instrument (200) comprising a magnetic resonance imaging system (202) and a high intensity focused ultrasound system (202) with an adjustable focus (238). Execution of instructions causes a processor to control (100) medical instrument to sonicate the multiple sonication points while repeatedly acquire the thermal magnetic resonance imaging data. Multiple thermal maps are reconstructed using the thermal magnetic resonance imaging data and a heating center of mass is calculated for each. By comparing each of the heating center of masses to the sonication points a spatially dependent targeting correction (266) is determined. The spatially dependent targeting correction is then used to offset the adjustable focus.

Abstract: The invention provides for a medical apparatus (200, 400, 500) comprising a high intensity focused ultrasound system (206). Machine executable instructions (260, 262, 264, 266, 408, 526) in a memory (250) cause a processor (244) to: receive (100) location data (252) descriptive of multiple sonication points (224, 226, 228, 230); determine (102) a sonication path (254) for each of the multiple sonication points using a geometric transducer element model (262); detect (104) an overlap region (256, 306) using the sonication path in the near field region; determine (106) transducer control commands (258) using the overlap region, wherein the transducer commands are operable to control the multiple transducer elements to reduce the deposition of ultrasonic energy in the overlap region during sonication of the two or more sonication points; and control (108) the high intensity focused ultrasound system using the transducer control commands.

Abstract: A method and system for energy-based (e.g., ultrasound treatment and/or other modalities) of sweat glands are provided. An exemplary method and system for targeted treatment of sweat glands can be configured in various manners, such as through use of therapy only, therapy and monitoring, imaging and therapy, or therapy, imaging, and monitoring, and/or through use of focused, unfocused, or defocused ultrasound (or other energy) through control of various spatial and temporal parameters. As a result, ablative energy can be deposited at the particular depth at which the aberrant sweat gland population is located below the skin surface.

Abstract: Methods for treating skin and subcutaneous tissue with energy such as ultrasound energy are disclosed. In various embodiments, ultrasound energy is applied at a region of interest to affect tissue by cutting, ablating, micro-ablating, coagulating, or otherwise affecting the subcutaneous tissue to conduct numerous procedures that are traditionally done invasively in a non-invasive manner. Methods of lifting sagging tissue on a face and/or neck are described.

Abstract: Novel systems and methods for performing treatment (e.g., coloration) of keratinous fibers are disclosed. The methods and systems utilize one or more of a dispensing device which is configured to provide customized composition for treating keratinous fibers (e.g., a coloring composition), optionally formed from tablets; an optical reader, for obtaining sufficient characteristics of the keratinous fibers to make a realistic prediction of the outcome of a treatment (e.g., coloring treatment); a computational units for predicting an outcome of a treatment, optionally being interfaced with the dispensing device and for selecting a customized treatment; and tablet formulations which are useful in preparing customized composition for treating keratinous fibers. Further disclosed are rapidly disintegrating tablets for use in the preparation of compositions for treating keratinous fibers.

Abstract: A self-contained breathing device for use in fighting fires comprising a hood for covering a wearer's head, a membrane for sealing the hood to create a breathing chamber inside the hood, and a source of oxygen disposed inside the hood. The source of oxygen is connected to the user by a conduit inside of the hood, and another conduit directs user-exhaled carbon dioxide to the source of oxygen. The breathing device includes a visual indicator inside of the hood that reacts to the presence of a gas within the hood and provides visual feedback to the user based on a quantity of the gas present in the hood.

Abstract: A method for fire and smoke prevention, suppression or extinction using a composition having sodium polyacrylate and distilled water, wherein the ratio of sodium polyacrylate to distilled water is about 1 to 200, having the step of placing the composition in the path of the fire or smoke.

Abstract: The system includes a pod suspended beneath the aircraft and above a water fillable and emptyable bucket. Polymer gel emulsion preparation equipment is included at the bucket. The pod includes an elongate shaft for carrying structural loads between a cable extending down from the aircraft and the bucket. The pod also includes a polymer gel tank. A polymer gel pump delivers polymer gel to the polymer gel emulsion preparation equipment within the bucket when required. The pod is configured to include a pathway for routing of various lines from the aircraft down to the bucket, and past the polymer gel tank. Sub-systems for filling the polymer gel tank and for equalizing pressure within the polymer gel tank are also included with the pod, so that the pod provides a modular polymer gel storage for use with polymer gel emulsion preparation equipment within a bucket suspended beneath the aircraft.

Abstract: A display provides optimized situational awareness to firefighting command personnel within a wildfire theater. Lidar scanning data provides a digital elevation map of the wildfire theater for the display. Geographic features such as lakes, roads, power lines and structures can be overlaid on the display. Lidar data utilizing multiple reflection signatures can be interpreted to represent fuel density and/or canopy height and such information can also be included upon the display. A burn area and active fire edge can be sensed by infrared scanner data and overlaid upon the display. The display can be utilized for input of firefighting command instructions, such as in the form of vectors or other annotations placed upon the display and correlated with airborne firefighting resources to be dropped at designated locations. Data provided to the display can be periodically updated to reflect the current situation. Firefighting resources are thus most effectively assigned.

Abstract: Improvements to a self-fluffing vehicle fire extinguisher where the improvements relate to a system where the extinguisher can be monitored and maintained. Further Improvements include an anti-bridging mechanism that is articulated from the exterior of the chamber to fluff, mix or stir the powder within the chamber to keep it in a liquefied state. An automatic fluffing motor and manual fluffing wheel. Pressurizing the fire extinguisher can be with an external gas chamber or can be with a compressor that maintains the pressure within the extinguisher. A delivery system can direct the fire extinguishing media to an area of the vehicle that has an elevated temperature or can distribute the media thorough the occupied or unoccupied portion of the vehicle.

Abstract: One or more techniques and/or systems are disclosed for a fire apparatus pump pressure governor. The system may comprise a controller that is configured to receive from, and provide instruction or data to, other control devices to facilitate in controlling of the pressure of a fire apparatus pump and fluid supply, both to and from the pump. A method may be devised to facilitate in controlling the pump operations, and to report a status of the pump to other controllers within a network locally, communicatively coupled with the governor, along with other networks or devices that are remotely communicatively coupled with the fire apparatus.

Abstract: A horizontal sidewall fire protection sprinkler includes a sprinkler body, a sealing assembly, a sleeve body, a yoke, a load screw, levers, a soldered link, a slide plate, a deflector support member, a deflector, and a spring. When ambient temperature in an occupancy reaches a predetermined temperature, the soldered link fails, the levers release, and the yoke and the load screw are forced away from the sprinkler body. The spring forces the slide plate and the deflector support member away from an inner wall of the sprinkler body toward an opening at an outer end of the sleeve body, and the deflector support member and the deflector protrude from the outer end of the sleeve body. The sealing assembly is released from a sealed state, and the fire protection sprinkler outputs fluid from a fluid supply to the occupancy.

Abstract: An antifreeze is provided for deployment in wet sprinkler systems located in cold environments. The antifreezes allows for the wet sprinkler system to be actuated under temperatures below 32° F. Wet sprinklers, methods of preventing wet sprinklers from freezing and methods of extinguishing fires also are provided.

Abstract: A lower extremity mobilizer for use in rehabilitation is provided. A seat is slidably maintained upon a base, with a foot support brace being provided at an end of the base to receive the foot of a leg provided for arthrokinematic treatment. A cord and pulley system is provided between the seat and the end of the base. In use, a patient is seated with a foot received by the foot support brace. The patient provides arthrokinematic motion to his leg by pulling himself and the seat toward the end of the device having the foot support brace. The procedure is undertaken in a closed chain motion, with the foot constantly engaging the foot support brace, and is done so as a rate, timing and extent under the control of the patient.