Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method useful in the process of contacting a first product that includes ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerol with the catalyst composition, thereby producing a second product that includes acrolein and acetaldehyde.

Abstract: The invention relates to a molecular sieve modification method and a catalytic cracking catalyst containing a molecular sieve. The method comprises: mixing a solution containing an ion of a Group MB metal in the periodic table, an organic complexing agent, and/or a dispersant and a precipitation agent, and stirring the same to form a suspension containing a precipitant of a Group IIIB element; and mixing the resulting precipitant and a molecular sieve slurry, stirring the same to obtain a mixed slurry containing the precipitant of the Group MB element and a molecular sieve, and performing spray drying and optional calcination, to obtain a modified molecular sieve. The catalyst comprises, as calculated based on the catalyst mass being 100%, 10-55% of a modified molecular sieve (on a dry basis), 10-80% of clay (on a dry basis), 0-40% of an inorganic oxide (on an oxide basis), and 5-40% of a binding agent (on an oxide basis). The catalyst has good activity stability and heavy metal contamination resistance.

Abstract: Described are catalysts effective to abate NOx, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide from a gasoline engine exhaust gas. Such catalysts include a substrate having a first and second material disposed thereon, the first material effective to catalyze selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in the presence of ammonia and the second material effective to abate hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, the first material comprising a molecular sieve promoted with copper and/or iron in a low loading, the second material comprising at least one oxide of Ni, Fe, Mn, Co, and Cu on a support selected from oxides of Ce, Ce—Zr, Zr, Mn, Pr and combinations thereof. Also described are gasoline engine exhaust gas treatment systems and methods of treating exhaust gas from a gasoline engine.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a simple process for functionalization/grafting of carbon microspheres obtained from bagasse with various active functional groups onto it and use of the same as catalyst for various organic reactions, having very high selectivity and conversion rate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst system for olefin oligomerization, and a method for oligomerizing olefins using the same. The catalyst system for olefin oligomerization according to the present invention exhibits high selectivity to 1-hexene and 1-octene while having excellent catalytic activity, thereby enabling more efficient preparation of alpha-olefins.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalytic system for the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. The catalytic system includes an iridium (Ir) photosensitizer and a TiO2/Re(I) complex catalyst. No additional process is required to anchor the molecule-based dye compound on TiO2 in the synthesis of the catalytic system. This enables the synthesis of the catalytic system in a relatively easy manner for groups of photosensitizer candidates. In addition, the catalytic system can be utilized as a platform for more easily evaluating the abilities of photosensitizers. Furthermore, the catalytic system can find application in various fields due to its ability to selectively produce carbon monoxide gas with high efficiency.

Abstract: A method of coating a filter substrate comprising a plurality of channels and an apparatus therefor. The method comprises the steps of: (a) introducing a pre-determined amount of a liquid into a containment means at an upper end of the filter substrate; and (b) coating the channels having open ends at the upper end of the filter substrate with the liquid from the containment means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a portable containment device for manipulating organic and/or chemical substances, which includes: a transporting case including two half-cases (2, 3) connected by a hinged structure (4) such as to be movable between a closed position (F), in which the half-cases (2, 3) are against one another and define a stowing space for at least the hinged structure (4), and an open position (0), in which the half-cases (2, 3) are spaced apart from one another by being maintained vertical by the hinged structure (4) and in which the half-cases (2, 3) and the hinged structure (4) form a supporting structure for a flexible containment enclosure (20); and a plastic, removable and flexible containment enclosure (20) that is at least partially transparent, for forming a generally parallelepiped foldable isolation chamber provided with means (31, 32) for accessing the inside of the enclosure and with means (21) for attachment to the supporting structure.

Abstract: A sample-reagent mixture is thermal cycled through a plurality of cycles. Each thermal cycle includes actuating a heater to heat the sample-reagent mixtures; and dispensing a fluid onto the sample-reagent mixture to cool the sample reagent mixture.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for detecting molecules of interest within a collected sample are described herein. In certain embodiments, self-contained sample analysis systems are disclosed, which include a reusable reader component, a disposable cartridge component, and a disposable sample collection component. The reader component may communicate with a remote computing device for the digital transmission of test protocols and test results. In various disclosed embodiments, the systems, components, and methods are configured to identify the presence, absence, and/or quantity of particular nucleic acids, proteins, or other analytes of interest, for example, in order to test for the presence of one or more pathogens or contaminants in a sample.

Abstract: A substrate structured to define thereon a fluid flow channel and/or a fluid control feature is described. The substrate may additionally comprise a capture zone and/or a test zone, for use as a test strip for determining presence or absence of an analyte of interest, such as an infectious agent or a biomarker. Reagents are deposited in the capture zone and/or test zone as an array of drops.

Abstract: A device includes a first structure with a sheet layer with a plurality of discrete through-holes and a second structure coupled to the first structure. At least a portion of a first surface of the sheet layer of the first structure is exposed from the second structure. A top portion of the sheet layer, including the exposed portion of the first surface of the sheet layer, includes fluorocarbon. The second structure includes a material of a higher surface tension than the top of the sheet layer. A second surface of the sheet layer, opposite to the first surface of the sheet layer, is embedded in the second structure. The second structure extends at least partially into the plurality of discrete through-holes of the first structure.

Abstract: A hybrid microfluidics device includes a substrate having a base region with a width and a length. A paper has testing regions disposed along the width of the base region. A cover has an angled relationship with the base region to form a wedge profile to provide a length-wise droplet pump effect to separately maintain channel-less regions for the testing regions.

Abstract: An apparatus for sorting macromolecules includes a first chip including a channel formed in a first side of the first chip and having at least one monolithic sorting structure for sorting macromolecules from the sample fluid. A first set of vias formed in the first chip has openings in a second side of the first chip, the sample fluid being provided to the sorting structure through the first set of vias. A second set of vias formed in the first chip has openings in the second side for receiving macromolecules in the sample fluid greater than or equal to a prescribed dimension sorted by the sorting structure. A third set of vias formed in the first chip has openings in the second side for receiving macromolecules in the sample fluid less than the prescribed dimension. The apparatus includes first and second seals covering the first and second sides, respectively.

Abstract: A microfluidic diagnostic chip may, in an example, include a number of microfluidic channels defined in a substrate each microfluidic channel fluidly coupled to at least one fluidic slot; the at least one fluidic slot to receive a number of fluids, and a number of gold sensors each gold sensor having a thickness of between 1500 and 5000 angstroms (?).

Abstract: A flow cell is provided that includes surface-attached structures in a chamber. The structures are movable in response to a magnetic or electric field. A target extraction or isolation system includes the flow cell and a driver configured for applying a magnetic or electric field to the interior of the flow cell to actuate movement of the structures. The flow cell may be utilized to extract or isolate a target from a sample flowing through the flow cell. Further, a microfluidic system is provided that includes surface-attached structures and a microarray, wherein actuated motion of the surface-attached structures is used to enhance flow, circulation, and/or mixing action for analyte capture on the microarray.

Abstract: The invention relates to a migration device (100) having a sample chamber (102), a migration matrix (105) arranged in the sample chamber (102), and a fluid outlet (103). The migration device (100) also has a discharge structure (104), which is designed to discharge fluids from the sample chamber (102) to the fluid outlet (103). The invention also relates to methods for operating the migration device and to the use of a migration device for determining the migration ability of ameboidally mobile cells.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for forming an array of emulsions. An exemplary device comprises a frame and at least one or a plurality of separate microfluidic modules mounted to the frame and each configured to form an array of emulsions. In some embodiments, each module may be mounted by snap-fit attachment. The device also may include the same sealing member bonded to a top side of each module and hermetically sealing each of the modules. Another exemplary microfluidic device for forming an array of emulsions comprises a stack of layers bonded together. The stack may comprise a port layer forming a plurality of ports. Each port may have a top rim formed by a protrusion that encircles the central axis of the port. The rims may be coplanar with one another to facilitate bonding of a sealing member to each rim.

Abstract: A reagent vessel, an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a lower part of a reagent vessel for an analytical instrument are disclosed. The reagent vessel is configured to store a liquid reagent. The reagent vessel comprises a cover and a lower part. The lower part comprises a bottom wall, a front wall, a rear wall, two opposing side walls and at least one connection wall. The cover, bottom wall, front wall, rear wall and two opposing side walls define at least one internal volume for storing at least one liquid reagent. The two opposing side walls are at least partially connected to one another by the at least one connection wall located within the at least one internal volume. The connection wall is spaced apart from the bottom wall. The connection wall and at least the two opposing side walls can be injection-molded and are monolithically formed.

Abstract: A bioprocess system and a method for incubating, growing and harvesting cell cultures is described. Also disclosed is a bioprocess container that can be used with the system. In one aspect of the present disclosure, the bioprocess system includes bioprocess tubes and cell culture tubes having particular dimensions and being made from specific materials that allow the tubes to be welded together while preventing open connections and/or ruptures. In this manner, bioprocess containers can be connected and disconnected from a cell culture apparatus without having to perform the manipulation within a closed environment and without associated monitoring.

Abstract: A center plate for a rotor in a pulp refiner has a surface provided with at least one feeding wing for directing lignocellulose-containing material towards a periphery of the center plate. The at least one feeding wing is an elongated protrusion arranged such that its second end is arranged further away from a center of the center plate than a first end and is also displaced relative to the first end in a direction opposite to a direction of rotation of the rotor. The at least one feeding wing includes at least one opening allowing steam to flow through the opening in a direction having a component directed opposite to the direction of rotation.

Abstract: A vegetable matter grinding assembly for grinding vegetable matter for smoking includes a first cylinder that may contain vegetable matter. A grinding unit is removably coupled to the first cylinder and the grinding unit is selectively manipulated. The grinding unit includes a plurality of blades to grind the vegetable matter into a plurality of fine particles. The fine particles are selectively smoked and inhaled from a smoking device.

Abstract: A material processing machine for material reducing operations. The material processing machine comprises an infeed system, a reducing system, and a discharge system. The reducing system comprises a rotor having processing tools to reduce the material within a reducing chamber. A colorizer system directs colorant from a colorant source towards the material reducing system within an outlet zone. The colorant colorizes the material being reduced within an inlet zone. The reduced material may be discharged through one or more screens within the outlet zone such that negligible colorant is applied directly to the reduced material. The material reducing operations may comprise a two-stage reducing operation in which the colorizer system is inoperable for the first stage and operable for the second stage. The screens may be selectively interchangeable between stages to incrementally reduce the material to provide substantially uniform colorizing and material size.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for sorting and utilizing coal and rock for a coal and rock combined mining face, and is especially applicable to the sorting and utilization of coal and rock mined from a coal and rock combined mining face when an extremely thin coal seam is used as a protective layer in combined mining of multiple coal seams.

Abstract: One or more electrodes are attached to an electrically permeable substrate attached to an incubator and energized with A.C. signals, D.C. signals or both A.C. and D.C signals. E-fields emitted from the electrodes pass through the substrate and into the incubator. The e-fields generate or apply dielectrophoresis (DEP) forces on small particles suspended in a liquid inside the incubator. The strength and direction of the DEP forces are controlled and manipulated by the manipulating the signals and can manipulate the motion of the suspended particles. The shapes of the electrodes help shape the generated e-fields and facilitate complex movements of the suspended particles. The suspended particles can be stem cells in a nutrient rich solution.

Abstract: A nozzle arrangement connected to a source of pressurized fluid mat produces a series of fast pulsed discharges of fluid in quick succession wherein the nozzle arrangement comprises a nozzle body with an inlet for the pressurized fluid into a chamber with a downstream wall with an outlet hole in said chamber wall wherein a prodder moves between a sealed and unsealed position in said outlet hole of the chamber wall and wherein a sprung plunger that is upstream of and connected to said prodder and has a annular seal that forms a seal between said plunger and the chamber creating a mobile chamber wall upstream of the downstream wall in said chamber, simultaneously moves between a downstream and an upstream position as the chamber fills with the fluid and then returns to a downstream position as the prodder returns from an unsealed position to a sealed position while the fluid is discharged.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modified spray head suitable for use with an aerosol composition.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a nozzle for discharging compressed air having a circumferential surface section which extends from a feed end to a discharge end and extends at least partially axially, and an end section produced in one piece, which extends radially inward from the circumferential surface section at the discharge end. In order to allow efficient and targeted compressed air discharge, the present disclosure envisages that a plurality of helical passages extend through the end section, each of which slopes in a tangential direction, at least in some section or sections, and into each of which a first discharge opening for compressed air opens.

Abstract: A paint spraying apparatus includes a supporting structure, a lower nozzle unit, and an upper nozzle unit. The lower nozzle unit includes lower flexible tubes and nozzles, and ejects powder paint toward an eye portion on a lower side of a stabilizer. The upper nozzle unit includes a first frame and a second frame. First flexible tubes are arranged on the first frame. Second flexible tubes are arranged on the second frame. The upper nozzles eject the powder paint toward an eye portion on an upper side of the stabilizer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device dispensing a solution of liquid additive with water through a shower faucet, having a head of shower faucet adapted for dispensing solution of liquid additive with water through an outlet passage. A liquid additive container has at least one compartment filled with a liquid additive and operably coupled to a main inlet tube of shower faucet to be and also to a suction tube configured on the liquid additive container for impelling the liquid additive into main inlet tube. The control of flow rate of liquid additive into main inlet tube is done by a control box operably coupled to dispensing device and main inlet tube and controls the amount and passage of liquid additive to be incorporated into main inlet tube and also capable of controlling plurality of liquid additive containers.

Abstract: A dispensing device is provided that has a nozzle that can mix together liquid reactants to dispense an expandable foam substance through concrete structures. The device features a liquid storage portion, a mixing portion and a dispensing portion. The storage portion includes liquid storage chambers in communication with a liquid passageway. The mixing portion has a mixing tube and a static mixer. The mixing tube has an elongated body with an interior passageway between opposing first and second ends. The static mixer is housed within the interior passageway of the mixing tube and features a plurality of curved baffles. The dispensing portion has a reservoir and a nozzle tip. The reservoir features a first end secured to the mixing tube and a second end communicating with a nozzle tip. The nozzle tip features a plurality of tine segments with each segment having a distal tip with an external gripping flange.

Abstract: A sprinkler mat has an intake water line connected to a water supply. The intake water line connects to a water line connection. A water controller has valves and each valve of the plurality valves is independently controlled by a CPU. The CPU has a random mode. The valves are connected to a valve manifold. A sprinkler mat is formed as a sheet and having a thickness. The sprinkler mat is connected to the water controller. Intake tubing connects each valve to a spray nozzle. The intake tubing continues internally within the sprinkler mat. Spray nozzles are connected to a respective intake tubing.

Abstract: A method for marking the ground adjacent to a motor vehicle includes the steps of observing an event exterior to the motor vehicle, remotely activating a ground marking device connected with the motor vehicle, and marking the ground exterior to and below the motor vehicle with the ground marking device. Remotely activating the ground marking device can include engaging an electronic switch while a person is within the motor vehicle.

Abstract: A surface cleaning apparatus includes a liquid delivery system for storing cleaning liquid and delivering the cleaning liquid to the surface to be cleaned, and an indicator system that is operably coupled with the liquid delivery system to indicate an operational status to the user operating the surface cleaning apparatus. The indicator system can include a light emitter that illuminates when an operational status is detected. The light emitter can illuminate a supply container configured to store cleaning liquid.

Abstract: A coating booth includes a water flow board laterally opposing a coat-processing region and structuring part of an inner side surface of the coating booth, a water supply unit supplying water to the upper edge of the front surface of the water flow board oriented toward the coat-processing region, to allow the water to flow down along the front surface of the water flow board, a water collection unit disposed below the water flow board and collecting the water flowed down from the water flow board, a plurality of air passages dispersedly provided at the water flow board penetrating through the front and rear sides of the water flow board, and an air intake chamber provided on the rear side of the water flow board and communicating with the coat-processing region via the plurality of air passages, and communicating with an air intake duct provided outside the coating booth.

Abstract: A nozzle auto-cleaning device and a nozzle auto-cleaning method are disclosed. The nozzle auto-cleaning device includes a base and a cleaning piece feeding unit disposed on the base, the base has a bearing surface on which the cleaning piece feeding unit is disposed, the cleaning piece feeding unit is configured to transport a cleaning piece installed inside the nozzle auto-cleaning device along a first direction intersected with the bearing surface so that a first portion of the cleaning piece is protruded in a direction away from the bearing surface and inserted into a nozzle, and the base is configured to move along at least one direction of the first direction, as well as a second direction and a third direction intersected in a plane of the bearing surface, so as to drive the first portion of the cleaning piece to move inside the nozzle.

Abstract: A water and fire ornamental device includes a casing; recessed inward with an accommodation space; a fire source, disposed on the casing, a water intake unit, disposed on the casing and having an outlet end communicating with the accommodation space; a pump motor, being in communication with the accommodation space of the casing and a water intake unit; and a power source electrically connected with the pump motor. The fire source is used to generate a flame. The pump motor pumps a liquid from the accommodation space to the water intake unit. The liquid flows back to the accommodation space from the outlet end of the water intake unit. The flame and the liquid flowing from the outlet end are visible from the outside the casing to achieve the visual perception of water and fire homology.

Abstract: A material coating apparatus includes a storage chamber, a gas pressure chamber, a flow regulating rod, a gas pressure regulating device and a gas supply source. The flow regulating rod runs through the storage chamber and is provided with a regulating head, and is connected to a piston in the gas pressure chamber. An output of the gas pressure regulating device is connected to the gas pressure chamber; an input of the gas pressure regulating device is connected to the gas supply source and is used to receive a preset material flow rate of the outlet port. The gas pressure regulating device then converts the preset material flow rate into a preset gas pressure value of the gas pressure chamber matching with the preset material flow rate and then control the gas flow rate outputted from the gas supply source to the gas pressure chamber.

Abstract: A head plate device is disclosed for a cartridge arrangement for a dispensing apparatus for dispensing at least two flowable components. The head plate device includes at least two separate outlet openings for respectively dispensing the at least two flowable components, and at least two separate inlet passages of the head plate device through which the at least two flowable components can be introduced and flowed through separately from one another. A corresponding storage container device, a cartridge arrangement, and a dispensing apparatus combining a head plate device and a storage container device with a mixer device are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of protecting an in-vivo sensor includes forming a sensing surface on a surface of the in-vivo sensor, the sensing surface including a functionalized monolayer that will bind to an analyte of interest; and coating the sensing surface of the sensor with a bioabsorbable polymeric coating including a bioabsorbable polymer; wherein the bioabsorbable polymeric coating is configured to protect the in-vivo sensor until needed for implantation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for producing a composite material comprising a substrate and a monolayer of nanoparticles self-assembled thereupon, the method comprising: (i) providing a suspension comprising a solvent and nanoparticles dispersed therein; (ii) providing a substrate comprising a surface with void spaces for accommodating said nanoparticles; (iii) contacting one end of said substrate with said suspension in a closed system, to thereby gradually dispose said suspension over said substrate by capillary action, thereby forming a film of suspension on said substrate; and (iv) allowing evaporation of said film of suspension, thereby forming a monolayer of nanoparticles self-assembled in said void spaces on said surface of the substrate. The present invention also relates to composite material produced by the methods disclosed herein.

Abstract: A metal resin composite molded body wherein various metal bases and a resin molded body are integrally and firmly bonded with each other; and a versatile method for producing this metal resin composite molded body are provided. Particularly provided are: a metal resin composite molded body wherein an aluminum base and a polyolefin resin molded body are integrally and firmly bonded with each other; and a simple method for producing this metal resin composite molded body. A metal resin composite molded body comprises a metal base, a polypropylene resin layer and a thermoplastic resin molded body. The polypropylene resin layer is bonded to the metal base with a hydrophilic surface being interposed therebetween. The hydrophilic surface is formed on the metal base. The thermoplastic resin molded body is bonded to the polypropylene resin layer by means of anchoring effect and compatibilizing effect with the polypropylene resin layer.

Abstract: A method for making a component for use in an electric machine is provided. The method includes applying first and second portions of a first material to a first surface, applying a second material to the first portion of first material; bonding the second material to the first portion of the first material, removing the second portion of the first material to form a void defined by the first portion of the first material, applying a conductive material in the void, and applying an insulating layer to the second material, wherein the process for preparing the component further comprising the steps of: applying first and second portions of a third material to the insulating layer; applying a fourth material to the first portion of third material, and bonding the fourth material to the first portion of the third material.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method for controlling nanoscopic wetting near or at a molecular scale for synthetic material applications. In particular this invention relates to a method for preparing a monolayer or thin film with a patterned nanoscopic wetting surface using a ‘sitting’ phase of polymerizable amphiphile, wherein hydrophobic alkyl chains of the amphiphile extend along the supporting surface and the amphiphile molecules align side-to-side, effectively forming a repeating cross-section of bilayer with alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic stripes of a ˜6 nm pitch tunable based on the chain length of the amphiphile. Products prepared according to the methods disclosed herein are within the scope of this invention. In some embodiments, monolayers or thin films so prepared are transferable.

Abstract: Methods and systems for coating metal substrates are provided. The methods and systems include sequential application of low flow and high flow powder coatings followed by a single heating step to provide a cured coating. The methods and systems include a marker that allows coating uniformity to be monitored and assessed during application. The described methods provide coatings with optimal surface smoothness and edge coverage.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a transducer includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, a first piezoelectric portion, and a second piezoelectric portion. A resistor and an inductor are connected to the second electrode. The first piezoelectric portion is provided between the first electrode and the third electrode. The second piezoelectric portion is provided between the second electrode and the third electrode. A ratio of the absolute value of a difference between a first resonant frequency and a second resonant frequency to the first resonant frequency is 0.29 or less. The first resonant frequency is mechanical. The first resonant frequency is of the first piezoelectric portion and the second piezoelectric portion. The second resonant frequency is of a parallel resonant circuit. The parallel resonant circuit includes an electrostatic capacitance, the inductor, and the resistor. The electrostatic capacitance is between the second electrode and the third electrode.

Abstract: An array of CMUT cells (10) has a DC bias voltage (VB) coupled to the top electrodes of the cells to bias the electrode to a desired collapsed or partially collapsed state. Fuses (200) are coupled in series with the bottom electrodes (22) of the cells which will open and isolate an individual cell from the other still-functional cells of the array in the event of a failure of the individual cell. In a preferred embodiment the cells are coupled to control integrated circuitry such as microbeamformer circuitry and the fuses are formed of semiconductor materials with the integrated circuitry, thereby leaving the MUT surface area available for high density MUT fabrication. Damage to the integrated circuitry due to short-circuiting of the DC bias current through a failed cell is prevented.

Abstract: An array of CMUT cells has a DC bias voltage coupled to the top electrodes of the cells to bias the electrode to a desired collapsed or partially collapsed state. In the event of a short-circuit failure of a CMUT cell a protection circuit for the cell senses an over-current condition and responds by opening the DC current path through the failed cell. The protection circuit further disables the transmit and receive circuitry of the cell. In another implementation a sense circuit senses an over-current condition of the DC bias supply and responds by disabling all of the CMUT cells of the array, then sequentially re-enabling them, except that an attempt to re-enable a failed cell results in that cell remaining in a disabled state.

Abstract: A linear vibration motor is provided with a frame, a weight, and a plate spring 4, and is also provided with weight side drive members disposed within a through hole in the weight and attached with the through hole space along the direction of vibration therebetween, and a frame side drive member supported by the frame and disposed so as to pass through the through hole space. The plate spring 4 has a frame side seating part 4A attached to the frame, a weight side seating part attached to an end surface of the weight, and an elastic deformation part that elastically deforms between the frame side seating part and the weight side seating part. The weight side drive members are disposed so as to protrude from the end surface of the weight in the range of the thickness of the plate spring 4.

Abstract: Provided is a video audio system including electroacoustic conversion units which include an electroacoustic conversion film having a macromolecular composite piezoelectric body formed by dispersing piezoelectric body particles in a viscoelastic matrix formed of a macromolecular material that is viscoelastic at normal temperature and thin film electrodes respectively laminated on both surfaces of the macromolecular composite piezoelectric body, curve and support the electroacoustic conversion film, and use at least a part of the electroacoustic conversion film as vibration regions and a display device which is a screen or a video display device to which videos are projected, in which at least one of the electroacoustic conversion units is disposed on a rear surface opposite to a surface of the display device on which videos are displayed, the plurality of vibration regions is arranged on the entire rear surface of the display device, and location information of the vibration regions is included in sound data