Abstract: In the present invention, in producing a SiC single crystal in accordance with a solution method, a crucible containing SiC as a main component and having an oxygen content of 100 ppm or less is used as the crucible to be used as a container for a Si—C solution. In another embodiment, a sintered body containing SiC as a main component and having an oxygen content of 100 ppm or less is placed in the crucible to be used as a container for a Si—C solution. The SiC crucible and SiC sintered body are obtained by molding and baking a SiC raw-material powder having an oxygen content of 2000 ppm or less. SiC, which is the main component of these, serves as a source for Si and C and allows Si and C to elute into the Si—C solution by heating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing porous alpha-SiC containing shaped body and porous alpha-SiC containing shaped body produced by that method. The porous alpha-SiC containing shaped body shows a characteristic microstructure providing a high degree of mechanical stability.

Abstract: Provided is a cBN sintered material for a tool body in which a ratio (PNTB/PNBN) of the number (PNTB) of cBN particles in contact with a Ti boride having a long axis of 150 nm or more to the total number (PNBN) of cBN particles is 0.05 or less.

Abstract: A composite material part includes a fiber preform forming fiber reinforcement including a stack of at least two fiber plies, each of the fiber plies being made of an interlock weave three-dimensional fabric and each of the fiber plies having a number of warp yarn layers or a number of weft yarn layers that is greater than or equal to three; and a matrix present in the pores of the fiber preform.

Abstract: The present invention relates to joined silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics and a method for processing the same. And, most particularly, the joined silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics and the method for processing the same provide a method for processing joined silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics including the steps of sintering silicon carbide substrates configuring the joined ceramics, processing a joined silicon carbide ceramics preparation by layering a non-sintered silicon carbide bond having a same composition as the silicon carbide substrate between at least two substrates selected from the sintered silicon carbide substrates, and processing the joined silicon carbide ceramics by performing heat treatment on the joined silicon carbide ceramics preparation.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure including: a honeycomb structure body having porous partition walls which define a plurality of cells extending from an inflow end face to an outflow end face to form through channels for a fluid, and a first circumferential wall which is disposed in at least a part of a circumference of the partition walls, and a second circumferential wall disposed to surround an outer side of the honeycomb structure body, wherein the honeycomb structure body does not have an interface between the partition walls and the first circumferential wall, and in a face perpendicular to an extending direction of the cells, a maximum thickness of the first circumferential wall is from 0.1 to 0.3 mm.

Abstract: A first circumferential wall disposed in a circumference of partition walls has no interface with the outermost circumference partition wall in a circumferential portion constituted by the partition walls whose wall thickness is larger than that of a central portion constituted by the partition walls in a central region. A maximum thickness of a total of the first circumferential wall and a second circumferential wall disposed to surround an outer side of the first circumferential wall is 1.2-3.0 mm, a difference between the maximum thickness and a minimum thickness of the total is 0.2-1.5 mm, and there is satisfied a relation, 0.5?(TB?TA)×SB/SA×100(%)?9.0 in which TB and TA indicate average thicknesses (?m) of the partition walls in the circumferential and central portion respectively, and SB and SA indicate areas (cm2) of the circumferential portion and the honeycomb structure in the cross section respectively.

Abstract: The present disclosure involves systems and methods for applying CO2 to concrete, which may be performed in-situ or through a separate, stand-alone process. According to another embodiment disclosed herein, a system and method for applying CO2 to one or more materials used in the production of concrete is also provided.

Abstract: A fertilizer composition having a salt index not greater than about 42 as measured by electrical conductivity methods is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a homogeneous, solid, particulate, urea ammonium sul¬phate-based composition comprising urea ammonium sulphate and a urease inhibitor of the type phosphoric triamide, wherein the urea ammonium sulphate-based composition is further characterized in that one or more of the following measures applies: a) it comprises 5 weight % or less, relative to the total weight of the composition, of one or more alkaline or alkaline-forming inorganic or organic compounds that is able to interact with ammonium sulphate; b) the urease inhibitor of the type phosphoric triamide is in a solid particulate form; c) an anticaking and/or moisture repellent coating is applied onto the urea am¬monium sulphate particulate material. The composition according to the invention has improved properties for reducing ammonia loss by urease activity in the soil and is in particular suitable as a ferti¬lizer.

Abstract: A method for remodelling granular urea surface, which belongs to the field of resin coated urea manufacturing technology, includes steps of: firstly sending the granular urea with a temperature of 20-80° C. into a drum comprising a shoveling board for rolling in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction; adding reconstituted liquid; dissolving convexes which like peaks and provided on surfaces of granular urea into a reconstituted liquid under a combined effect of mechanical forces and water in the reconstituted liquid; and introducing dry and hot wind, in such a manner that the urea dissolved in the recycled liquid is filled onto concaves of surfaces of the granular urea; wherein after drying is terminated, the granular urea becomes smooth and rounded; uneven surfaces of the convexes which are in a shape of peaks disappear; and the surfaces of the granular urea are shiny and show a mirror effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of phlorotannins, particularly extracts of brown algae from the Fucaceae family, particularly of the Fucus or Ascophyllum genus, for stimulating the symbiosis between a plant and a mycorrhizal fungus or a rhizobium. The invention also relates to a fertilizing product containing phlorotannins and to the uses thereof in a plant treatment method.

Abstract: A coating matrix operable for coating fertilizer particles. The coating matrix is made from a whole biomass composition, in which said whole biomass composition comprises at least a microalgae and a macroalgae reduced to a powder form, mixed with an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide at a concentration ranging from 0.1% to 20% (w/v). The mixture is mixed at about 7 pH to about 9.5 pH which produces a cross-linked polysaccharide.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for enhancing nutrient uptake in plants are disclosed. The primary ingredients of the disclosed compositions are (a) poly amino acids, such as tri-polyaspartic acid (TPA), and (b) citric acid. Another component, (c) L amino acids may also be included in the composition. The composition may be used to enhance fertilizer efficiency and to promote plant growth and/or yield.

Abstract: A primer composition is provided having a primary explosive and an oxidizer system containing at least one tungsten oxide or one tungstate compound. The oxidizer system can by non-hydroscopic and non-toxic. The primer can include reducing agents, sensitizers, binders and gas producing agents. The primer composition generally is applicable to any application or device that employs ignition of a propellant, a fuel, a relay charge, a delay charge, or a booster charge, including, but not limited to, air bag gas generator systems, signaling devices, ejection seats, small, medium or large arms ammunition primers, and the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermally-integrated method for producing butadiene from butanol that comprises at least the following steps: a) Dehydration of butanol, fed by a dehydration feed that is formed from at least said n-butanol feedstock that is diluted with at least a portion of the purified water effluent that is obtained from step c), leading to a butene effluent in at least one reactor, in the presence of a catalyst that comprises an alumina, b) Oxidizing dehydrogenation of said butene effluent, diluted with at least a portion of the purified water effluent that is obtained from step c), into butadiene, with said butene effluent not having undergone any treatment following the dehydration step a), c) Separation of the effluent that is obtained from step b) into at least one butadiene effluent and one purified water effluent.

Abstract: A process for deactivation of an olefin oligomerization catalyst is described, including contacting a catalyst composition with a catalyst quenching medium to form a deactivated catalyst composition, and recovering excess catalyst quenching medium. The catalyst quenching medium includes an alcohol having at least 6 carbon atoms, an organic amine, an amino alcohol, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing. The catalyst quenching medium is present in a molar ratio of catalyst quenching medium to catalyst of at least 3:1. A process for the oligomerization of an olefin is also described, including feeding the olefin, a solvent, and a catalyst composition into a reactor, oligomerizing the olefin in the reactor to form a reaction product stream including linear alpha olefins, solvent, and the catalyst composition, and contacting the reaction product stream with a catalyst quenching medium.

Abstract: A method for reducing the mutagenicity of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC's) having one or more bay regions which involves alkylating the PAC's with an alkylating agent in the presence of a catalyst to lower the mutagenicity down to as much as about 0.1. The resulting alkylated polycyclic aromatic compounds retain their physical and chemical properties for safe industrial use including as rubber processing oils, inks, etc.

Abstract: A process for producing phenylstyrene comprises contacting benzene with hydrogen in the presence of a hydroalkylation catalyst under conditions effective to produce a hydroalkylation product comprising cyclohexylbenzene. At least part of the cyclohexylbenzene is then contacted with ethylbenzene in the presence of a transalkylation catalyst under conditions effective to produce a transalkylation product comprising cyclohexylethylbenzene and/or with ethylene in the presence of an alkylation catalyst under conditions effective to produce an alkylation product comprising cyclohexylethylbenzene. At least part of the cyclohexylethylbenzene is then contacted with a dehydrogenation catalyst under conditions effective to produce a dehydrogenation product comprising phenylstyrene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of the oxidative dehydrogenation of a C2-6 alkane, comprising subjecting a stream comprising methane and the C2-6 alkane, in which stream the volume ratio of methane to the C2-6 alkane is of from 0.005:1 to 100:1, to oxydehydrogenation conditions resulting in a stream comprising methane, a C2-6 alkene and optionally a C2-6 carboxylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the simulated moving bed separation of xylenes, in which the operating conditions are optimized by means of a specific relationship between the cycle time and the flow rate of the desorbant.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions including between 20 wt % and 50 wt % of a nitroxyl compound such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl. The compositions are stable under field conditions of transportation and storage. The compositions remain homogeneous and pumpable or pourable at temperatures between ?20° C. and 60° C., even when temperatures fluctuate in this range over a period of 10 days to 5 years, and even where the container used to transport and store the composition is made from metal or includes a metal surface contacting the composition.

Abstract: A process is presented for the production of butadienes. The process includes the separation of oxygenates from the product stream from an oxidative dehydrogenation reactor. The process includes quenching the product stream and solvent and oxygenates from the product stream. The oxygenates are stripped from the solvent with an inert gas to reduce the energy consumption of the process, and the solvent is recycled and reused in the process.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for the production of chlorinated methanes via the direct chlorination of methane. The processes include a dehydrochlorination and/or chlorination step that converts up to 100% of the higher chlorinated alkanes in a process stream from the methane chlorination reaction into more highly chlorinated alkanes. These more highly chlorinated alkanes can be easily removed from the process stream. The use of a cost effective feedstream of crude methane is thus rendered possible, without additional capital expenditure for the sophisticated separation equipment required to separate ethane and other hydrocarbon components from the methane feed.

Abstract: The invention refers to a process for producing a fluorinated alkene, in particular X1n—CFmCF?CH2 comprising the steps of a) providing a at least one fluorinated alkene of the general formula (I) X1n—CFmCF?CF2, wherein n is 0, 1, 2, 3; X1 is H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkyl, m is 1, 2 or 3, preferably 2 or 3, in at least one donor solvent; b) adding at least one reducing agent selected from the group of organic aluminum hydrides (alanes), gallium hydrides (gallanes) or boron hydrides (boranes); and c) reacting the mixture of the fluorinated alkene according to formula (I) and the at least one reducing agent.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to processes which involve: contacting a mixture comprising at least one fluoroolefin and at least one RfC?CX impurity with at least one zeolite to reduce the concentration of the at least one RfC?CX impurity in the mixture; wherein Rf is a straight-chain perfluorinated alkyl group, and X is H, F, Cl, Br or I; and the at least one zeolite is selected from the group consisting of zeolites having pore opening of at least 4 Angstroms and no more than about 5 Angstroms, zeolites having pore opening of at least about 5 Angstroms and Sanderson electronegativity of no more than about 2.6, and mixtures thereof; provided that the at least one zeolite is not zeolite 4A.

Abstract: A method for the co-production of hydrogen and methanol including a hydrocarbon reforming or gasification device producing a syngas stream comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; introducing the syngas stream to a water gas shift reaction thereby converting at least a portion of the CO and H2O into H2 and CO2 contained in a shifted gas stream; cooling the shifted gas stream and condensing and removing the condensed fraction of H2O; then dividing the shifted syngas stream into a first stream and a second stream; introducing the first stream into a first hydrogen separation device, thereby producing a hydrogen stream, and introducing the second stream into a methanol synthesis reactor, thereby producing a crude methanol stream and a methanol synthesis off gas; introducing at least a portion of the methanol synthesis off gas into a second hydrogen separation device.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method of recovering an unreacted phenol from a bisphenol A production facility comprises reacting an initial phenol and an initial acetone in the presence of a catalyst to produce a bisphenol A stream comprising the unreacted phenol of the initial phenol and a bisphenol A, separating a purge stream comprising the unreacted phenol, and wherein the unreacted phenol is present in the purge stream in an amount of 60 to 90 wt %, based on the total weight of the purge stream; adding the purge stream to a phenol purification section of a phenol production facility; and forming a purified phenol outlet stream in the phenol purification section, wherein the purified phenol outlet stream comprises a total phenol concentration of greater than or equal to 99.5 wt % based on the total weight of the purified phenol outlet stream.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a method capable of industrially and efficiently producing acetic acid having a good potassium permanganate test value without a large cost. A method for producing acetic acid according to the present invention is a method for producing acetic acid comprising: a carbonylation reaction step; an evaporation step; a lower boiling point component removal step; and a first overhead stream recycle step of recycling at least a portion of an aqueous phase and/or an organic phase obtained by condensing a first overhead stream obtained in the lower boiling point component removal step to a reaction vessel, wherein a crotonaldehyde concentration in a first acetic acid stream obtained in the lower boiling point component removal step is controlled to not more than 2.2 ppm by mass. The catalyst system may further contain an ionic iodide.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing acetic acid that is capable of greatly improving the life of a silver-substituted ion exchange resin (IER) for removing organic iodine compounds in acetic acid. With the method for producing acetic acid according to the present invention, in a carbonylation process of a methanol method, a nickel base alloy or zirconium is used as a material of a distillation column in a dehydration step, and as metal ion concentrations in a charging mixture of the distillation column in the dehydration step, an iron ion concentration is less than 10,000 ppb by mass, a chromium ion concentration is less than 5,000 ppb by mass, a nickel ion concentration is less than 3,000 ppb by mass, and a molybdenum ion concentration is less than 2,000 ppb by mass.

Abstract: A process for forming allyl acrylate, comprising contacting allyl ether in solution with a solvent with one or more oxidants in the presence of a mesoporous manganese oxide (MnOx) catalyst.

Abstract: A method of making acrylic acid in liquid phase by contacting a feed stream containing lactic acid, lactide, or mixtures thereof with a molten salt catalyst comprising a protic ionic liquid (PIL), which contains a bromide anion (Br?), is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to esters of carboxylic acid agrochemicals comprising a labile protecting group and having formula (I). Certain of the esters of carboxylic acid agrochemicals do not undergo hydrolysis to a significant degree in the dark, but are cleaved to regenerate the parent carboxylic acid agrochemical when exposed to light. Others of the esters of carboxylic acid agrochemicals undergo hydrolysis under both light and dark conditions. The present invention further relates to methods for the controlled release of a carboxylic acid agrochemicals, and to methods of controlling unwanted plants comprising applying to the unwanted plants an ester of a carboxylic acid agrochemical.

Abstract: The present invention relates to extracted plant lipid, comprising fatty acids in an esterified form.

Abstract: A functionalized asphaltene, obtained by refluxing with an acid solution. The functionalized asphaltene contains elevated levels of oxygen content due to nitration and oxidation of the refluxing process. The refluxing process also imparts organic functional groups including at least amines, nitro groups carbonyl groups, carboxylic groups and hydroxyl groups to the functionalized asphaltene, and these functional groups are attached to, thereby coating the surface of a functionalized asphaltene particle. A method for removing dye compounds from an aqueous sample with the functionalized asphaltene is also described.

Abstract: Subject-matter of the invention is a process for the preparation of key intermediates in the synthesis of indacaterol. Subject-matter of the invention are also new synthesis intermediates.

Abstract: Motuporamine agents having antimicrobial activity and uses thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method to make N-acetyl-p-aminophenol. The method includes steps for converting biomass-derived p-hydroxybenzoates to p-hydroxybenzamide, then to p-aminophenol; and then N-acetylating the p-aminophenol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the stereoselective preparation of compounds of formula (IV).

Abstract: The disclosures herein relate generally to acyloxyalkyl carbamate prodrugs of (±)-4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid and analogs thereof, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, methods of making prodrugs of (±)-4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid and analogs thereof, methods of using prodrugs of (±)-4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid and analogs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for treating or preventing common diseases and/or disorders such as spasticity and/or acid reflux disease. The disclosures herein also relate to acyloxyalkyl carbamate prodrugs of (±)-4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid and analogs thereof which are suitable for oral administration and to sustained release oral dosage forms thereof.

Abstract: Method and apparatus that enable the more efficient manufacture of urea are provided. Before unreacted substances are removed from a urea synthesis solution obtained from a stripper, the urea synthesis solution is placed under pressure reduced from the synthesis pressure. Thus, a gas-liquid mixture is obtained. The gas-liquid mixture is heated with a decomposed gas from the stripper using a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and then introduced into a purification system. In the heating, the gas-liquid mixture is introduced into the shell of the heat exchanger while the decomposed gas is introduced into the tube side of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Provided are urea manufacturing method and apparatus, which can increase the conversion ratio into urea and to reduce the consumption of steam. The temperature of the reactor is increased by introducing the entire amount of raw material ammonia and introducing a portion of the decomposed gas from the stripper into the reactor. The raw material ammonia is preferably heated using the steam condensate generated in the purification step, and/or the steam generated by the heat of condensation of the decomposed gas and the unreacted substances in the condensation step. The heating temperature is preferably between 70 and 140° C.

Abstract: A process for removing hydrogen and methanol from a CO2 stream which contains hydrogen and methanol as contaminants, wherein hydrogen and methanol are removed by contacting the CO2 stream with a catalyst which oxidizes hydrogen to water and methanol to carbon dioxide, obtaining a purified CO2 stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing bis(3-aminophenyl) disulphides of the general formula (I) and 3-aminothiols of the general formula (II), where X,Y have the meanings stated in the description, which serve as intermediates for the preparation of phenyl sulphoxides having insecticidal, acaricidal and nematicidal activity.

Abstract: Compounds having inhibitory activity against retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDHs). The compounds can be used, for example, to inhibit synthesis of retinoic acid for the treatment of refractive error disorders such as myopia, and as infertility treatments by inhibiting spermatogenesis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pyrrolidine compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof, wherein R101 and R102 are each independently a phenyl group or a pyridyl group, the phenyl group or the pyridyl group may have one or more substituents selected from halogen atoms and lower alkyl groups optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, etc. The pyrrolidine compound or a salt thereof of the present invention is usable to produce a pharmaceutical preparation having a wider therapeutic spectrum and being capable of exhibiting sufficient therapeutic effects after short-term administration.

Abstract: The present application, among other things, provides compounds that are capable of inhibiting the activity of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, for example, myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) protein. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions as well as methods for using provided compounds for treatment of diseases and conditions (e.g., cancer) characterized by the over-expression or dysregulation of Mcl-1 protein. In some embodiments, a provided compound has the structure of formula I. In some embodiments, a provided compound has the structure of formula II.

Abstract: The application relates to a compound of Formula (I): which modulates the activity of ALK or SRPK, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound, and a method of treating or preventing a disease in which ALK or SRPK plays a role.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the synthesis of key intermediates for the synthesis of Argatroban monohydrate, ethyl (2R,4R)-1-[(2S)-2-amino-5-[[imino(nitroamino)methyl]amino]-1-oxopentyl]-4-methylpiperidine-2-carboxylate compounded with HCl. Such intermediates are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods that can inhibit the biosynthesis of mycotoxins.