Abstract: In a tire 2, a contour of an outer surface of the second apex 38 includes: a circular arc C2 that extends inward from an outer end, in the radial direction, of the contour and is convex outward in the axial direction; and a circular arc C3 that is located inward of the circular arc C2 in the radial direction, is in contact with the circular arc C2, and is convex inward in the axial direction. A difference (Ht?Hw/2) between a height Ht from a bead base line to a contact point between the circular arc C2 and the circular arc C3 and a height that is half of a height Hw from the bead base line to a maximum width position is equal to or greater than ?10 mm and equal to or less than 10 mm.

Abstract: Balance pads for balancing pneumatic tires having DVA innerliners, and methods for balancing such pneumatic tires, are disclosed. In one embodiment, a balance pad is provided for balancing a pneumatic tire having a DVA innerliner. The balance pad includes an outer layer having a dynamically vulcanized alloy, which comprises an engineering resin as a continuous phase and at least a partially vulcanized rubber as a dispersed phase. The balance pad further includes an inner layer having a rubber or plastic compound that is bonded to the outer layer. The outer layer is capable of being bonded to an inner surface of a tire innerliner, which includes a dynamically vulcanized alloy having an engineering resin as a continuous phase and at least a partially vulcanized rubber as a dispersed phase.

Abstract: The present invention concerns methods and apparatus for spreading beads in a tire. Particular embodiments of such methods include securing at least a portion of a first bead of the tire and positioning a tire spreader within the central opening of the tire, the tire spreader having a bead engaging portion for engaging a portion of a second bead generally opposite the secured portion of the first bead. Such methods may further include automatically translating the bead engaging portion of the tire spreader generally in an axial direction of the tire to displace the engaged portion of the second bead a desired distance to increase the distance between the opposing beads to form a widened interior cavity opening.

Abstract: An adapter block for mounting accessory equipment to a tow hook. The adapter block comprises a top face and a bottom face disposed opposite the top face and lateral sides. The front side of the adapter block having uniform surfaces extending between the top and bottom faces, the lateral sides having a first thickness, wherein the bottom face includes a recess extending toward the top face, and the recess having a second thickness less than the first thickness and being contoured to receive at least a portion of the tow hook in a mating engagement. The first and second through-passages extend between the bottom face, and the top face are configured to receive a fastener that couples the tow hook within the recess.

Abstract: A suspension system includes: suspensions that respectively include vehicle height control actuators; a pressure medium supply-discharge device; and a vehicle height controller configured to control the pressure medium supply-discharge device to control vehicle height, wherein a magnitude of resistance that is generated during a change in the vehicle height at one or more of the suspensions is larger than a magnitude of resistance at another one or more of the suspensions, and the vehicle height controller is configured to execute vehicle height control for the wheel that corresponds to the one or more of the suspensions with the large magnitude of the resistance prior to vehicle height control for the wheel that corresponds to the other one or more of the suspensions with the small magnitude of the resistance.

Abstract: An air conditioner including a defrost vent, a face vent, floor vents and a console vent to discharge air. A console door adjusts the degree of opening of the console vent. A console air volume distribution means comprises a console slot which is formed on a mode cam and is connected with a rotary shaft of the console door to carry out cam motion. The console slot includes a closing slot part, an opening slot part and a middle slot part. The opening slot part, the middle slot part and the closing slot part are arranged such that the degree of opening of the console vent is reduced while an air discharge mode of the air conditioner is changed successively from a face mode to a bi-level mode, a floor mode, a mixing mode and a defrost mode.

Abstract: Disclosed are climate systems and methods for control the climate systems. A climate system includes a plurality of compressors arranged in parallel, a condenser disposed downstream of the compressors and an evaporator disposed downstream of the condenser. The compressors, the condenser, and the evaporator are fluidly connected by refrigerant lines to form a refrigerant circuit. The climate system also includes a controller that controls the operation of the compressors to draw back lubricant to the compressors without use of an oil equalization system.

Abstract: A retractable sun shade for a vehicle that rolls up into a housing at the base of the windshield. Magnets on the top edge of the shade latch with corresponding magnets mounted to the vehicle to hold the shade open when deployed. Vehicle magnets may for example be on a T-bar that is clamped to the rearview mirror arm. The housing may be held in position via tension bars on the left and right ends of the housing, which push outward against the sides of the vehicle to hold the housing in place. The system may be installed or removed without tools, adhesives, or fixtures. The system conforms to vehicles and windshields of different sizes and shapes. Deployment and retraction of the shade are rapid and simple.

Abstract: A car visor having a light blocking visor sheet attached rotatably to a horizontal shaft which is secured rotatably at one end with a vertical leg above the windshield. An end shaft is fixed to the free end of the visor sheet in alignment with the horizontal shaft. A flexing receptacle attached above the windshield receives and holds the end shaft. The end shaft is partially cylindrical with larger thickness and partially flat with smaller thickness. When the visor sheet is rotated to near vertical orientation, the receptacle flexes against the thinner flat side of the end shaft, allowing the shaft to be pulled out of or pushed into the receptacle with less force compared to other visor sheet orientations where the receptacle flexes against the thicker cylindrical side of the end shaft. Therefore, the driver can maneuver the visor safely and comfortably between windshield and side window.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a motor vehicle driving aid system, the vehicle comprising a lighting device intended to illuminate a road scene at the front of the vehicle. The vehicle includes means for detecting an oncoming vehicle, control means receiving information from the detection means, and means for reducing dazzling of the driver of the motor vehicle caused by the light emitted by the oncoming vehicle. These means are controlled by the control means, and means for the management of the lighting device designed to increase the illumination of the lighting device of the vehicle and to avoid dazzling of the driver of the oncoming vehicle, these means being controlled by the control means.

Abstract: A door sash which is formed by roll-forming from a single plate material and in which a weather strip is fitted includes: an overlapping section formed by making the plate materials overlap each other; a tubular section formed to extend from a car-interior-side end portion of the overlapping section; and flange sections and respectively formed to protrude from a car-exterior-side end portion of the overlapping section to both sides, in which a periphery of an end portion of the plate material extending from the tubular section is formed so as to come into contact along a plate material forming the overlapping section on the side on which the weather strip is fitted, and the vicinity of an end portion of the plate material forming the overlapping section, in which deformation has occurred during the roll-forming, protrudes to the inside of the tubular section.

Abstract: A structure for fixing a delta glass for a vehicle is provided to fix and support a rear end portion of the glass on a door frame from which a C-pillar is omitted. The structure includes a delta outer reinforcing panel that is fixed on an upper portion of a door inner panel at a rear end portion of a door frame. A delta inner reinforcing panel is fixed to be positioned inside the delta outer reinforcing panel. A rear channel is installed between the delta outer reinforcing panel and the delta inner reinforcing panel to allow a rear end portion of the delta glass to be inserted into and supported by the rear channel. Additionally, a delta garnish is installed to cover the outside of the delta outer reinforcing panel and the delta glass is fixed between the rear channel and a division channel installed on the door frame.

Abstract: First and second fins extending toward a second-closing door are provided at an upper end of a side-edge seal of a first-closing door of a double door of a vehicle. When the first-closing door is closed, the first fin overlaps the body-side seal, and the second fin overlaps an outer surface of the vehicle body outside the body-side seal. When the second-closing door is closed, an inner surface of the second-closing door abuts on the body-side seal and extends along the side-edge seal. A seal portion of the second-closing door abuts on the outer surface of the vehicle body outside the body-side seal and extends along the side-edge seal. The first and second fins are deformed independently from each other.

Abstract: A sunroof feed structure includes: a rail fixed to a vehicle body of a vehicle; a slider movable along the rail in a front and rear direction of the vehicle; a sunroof supported by the slider, movable inside a ceiling panel of the vehicle body as a movement path, and capable of opening and closing an opening of the ceiling panel; an electric wire for power feeding between the vehicle body and the sunroof, the electric wire having one end fixed to the vehicle body and the other end fixed to the sunroof; and an excess length absorber for winding an excess length of the electric wire, the excess length absorber being movable together with the sunroof in a position rearward of the sunroof in the front and rear direction of the vehicle.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a tarp systems, in particular, to improvements to various aspects of a tarp tensioning system. The tarp tensioning system has a plurality of frames, the frames having two or more bow members and a biasing mechanism coupled therebetween to maintain tension on the tarp.

Abstract: Presented are expandable compartment cover assemblies for motor vehicles, methods for making and methods for using such cover assemblies, and motor vehicles with expandable tonneau cover assemblies. Presented, for example, is an expandable cover assembly for a motor vehicle with a cargo compartment. The expandable cover assembly includes a frame section that releasably attaches to the vehicle body, and extends across some or all of the cargo compartment. The frame section has a central aperture that extends therethrough. A canopy is seated within this central aperture and at least partially surrounded by the frame section. A flexible joint attaches the canopy to the frame section such that the canopy selectively transitions between a collapsed state, whereat the canopy is a first height from the compartment floor of the cargo compartment, and an expanded state, whereat the canopy is a second height, greater than the first height, from the compartment floor.

Abstract: A motor vehicle is proposed, comprising a vehicle roof having a roof opening, which is circumferentially limited by a sealing strip or sealing rail, which limits a channel at a side facing toward the roof opening. The roof opening is provided with a cover, which comprises a roof tarp, which has a tensioning rope at its edge for tensioning the roof tarp at the sealing strip, the roof tarp at least partially covering the roof opening.

Abstract: A vehicle covering system is provided with an anchoring system, a covering portion, and a securing system to removably couple the covering portion to the anchoring system.

Abstract: A drive system, mountable onto a vehicle including a detachable rotational drive mechanism, for driving the rotational drive mechanism in accordance with a torque requirement. The drive system includes an engine that outputs first rotational power, and a generator that includes a rotor for receiving the first rotational power, a stator including a stator core with a winding wound thereon, a magnetic circuit for the winding passing through the stator core, and a supply current adjustment device for adjusting magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit for the winding, to thereby change an inductance of the winding to adjust an output current of the generator. The drive system further includes a motor driven by the outputted current of the generator to output second rotational power to the rotational drive mechanism, and a control device configured to control both the engine and the supply current adjustment device, in accordance with the torque requirement.

Abstract: Two hybrid transaxles permit location of a traction motor in a more favorable location, decreasing the risk of occupant injury in a vehicle collision. Each transaxle uses a direction preserving power transfer mechanism to transfer power from the traction motor to a countershaft such that the countershaft rotates in the same direction as the traction motor. Each of the power transfer mechanisms permit more freedom of location for the traction motor axis than would be possible with a single gear pair or a mechanism that uses gearing on the input axis.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus for a hybrid electric vehicle includes an input unit having three input shafts disposed with several input gears, a torque converting unit including a planetary gear set having rotational elements connected with the input shafts, and a shifting output unit for shifting torques received from the input shafts and outputting the shifted torque.

Abstract: A device is provided to prevent the accidental introduction of an incorrect liquid into a tank, such as the introduction of gasoline into the fuel system of a diesel fuel container. The device discriminates between nozzle diameters, allowing entrance of nozzle diameters at or greater than a predetermined minimum diameter while inhibiting entrance of nozzles having diameters less than the predetermined minimum diameter. A closure mechanism prevents access to a fuel container interior and a releasable locking mechanism responsive to nozzle diameters allows the closure mechanism to open and close to allow access to the fuel container interior.

Abstract: A fuel cell vehicle includes a first tank, a second tank, first and second valves for releasing gas, a gas passage for supplying gas to a fuel cell via the first and second valves, a pressure-reducing valve for decompressing the gas, side members disposed on the respective sides of the vehicle, and a motor disposed rearward of the second tank and configured to drive wheels. The first tank is not disposed downstream of the second tank, on the gas passage. The pressure-reducing valve is disposed in a region located rearward of a rear end of the second tank in a vehicle front-rear direction, forward of a rear end of the motor in the vehicle front-rear direction, and between one of the side members and an extended line extended in the vehicle front-rear direction from a side wall of the motor. The pressure-reducing valve is disposed on the second valve side.

Abstract: Some of the present apparatuses include a frame defining first and second supports and at least a portion of a rigid tank mount laterally offset from the first and second supports, where the first support is configured to be pivotally coupled to a vehicle such that the frame is movable relative to the vehicle between a first position in which the second support is spaced apart from the vehicle and second position in which the second support is coupled to the vehicle. Some apparatuses include a frame mount having a flange defining a bounded opening configured to receive a fastener and a post extending from the flange and away from the opening, where the first support is configured to be pivotally coupled to the flange via the fastener and the second support is configured to be coupled to the post when the frame is in the second position.

Abstract: A refuse vehicle has a tailgate. The tailgate has a framework to secure CNG tanks. A cover overlays the frame work to provide an aesthetic appearance to the vehicle.

Abstract: A mount assembly for attaching a cradle to a vehicle frame includes an inner sleeve. The inner sleeve defines an inner sleeve aperture having a first aperture portion having a first diameter and a second aperture portion having a second diameter. The mount assembly also includes a bushing having a bushing body and configured to extend through the first aperture portion. The mount assembly additionally includes a fuse fixed to the bushing body to separate the first and second aperture portions. The mount assembly also includes a fastener configured to extend through the bushing body and an aperture in the vehicle frame for attaching the cradle to the frame. The fuse is configured to separate from the bushing body under a predetermined load to permit the fastener to shift from the first aperture portion to the second aperture portion and the cradle to shift relative to the frame.

Abstract: Provided in the present disclosure is a fingerprint bookmark system which may be implemented in a vehicle with one or more configurable interior settings. The fingerprint bookmark system may contain a scanner which may be configured to record a fingerprint from a vehicle occupant such that a fingerprint image showing the fingerprint and a duration data for the fingerprint image are recorded by the scanner. The system may contain one or more processors which may be configured to compare the duration data associated with the fingerprint image with a duration threshold. The one or more processors may be configured to initiate a search to obtain a bookmark for the fingerprint shown in the fingerprint image when the duration data is less than the duration threshold. The one or more processors may be further configured to create a new bookmark when the duration data exceeds the duration threshold.

Abstract: A system for protecting the output terminal of the on-board-charger (OBC) includes: the OBC configured to apply an output voltage equal to a voltage of a battery to the battery to perform charging of the battery, an output terminal protection apparatus configured to compare a voltage difference between the output voltage of the OBC and the voltage of the battery with a threshold, and an OBC relay configured to connect the OBC to the battery when the voltage difference is less than the threshold. The OBC performs the charging of the battery after the OBC is connected to the battery.

Abstract: A battery-protecting apparatus is electrically connected to a secondary battery, a generator and a load unit of a vehicle. The generator provides electricity to the battery via the battery-protecting apparatus. The battery provides electricity to the load unit via the battery-protecting apparatus. The battery-protecting apparatus includes a detection unit, a switch, a processor, a controlling unit, a discharging loop, a wireless communication unit and a security loop.

Abstract: A method, a user terminal, and an electric vehicle are provided for updating a system for the electric vehicle. According to an example of the method, it is determined whether an electric vehicle is in use when receiving a system update operation instruction. A system update function is disabled when determining that the electric vehicle currently is in use. A system update is performed on the electric vehicle in response to the operation instruction when determining that the electric vehicle currently is in a standby status.

Abstract: A cooling fan vane assembly for a resistor grid may include a duct having a substantially round inlet opening, a substantially rectangular outlet opening, and a side wall extending between the inlet opening and the outlet opening shaped to transition from a substantially round shape to a substantially rectangular shape; the inlet opening including a plurality of radially extending turning vanes; and a frustoconical vane positioned in the duct adjacent a downstream side of the plurality of radially extending vanes.

Abstract: In an apparatus for controlling switching operations of switching elements of a power converter to convert input power to output power, a drive controller is configured to generate a drive control instruction indicative of predetermined switching operations of the switching elements, and output the drive control instruction. A driver is configured to drive, in accordance with the drive control instruction, the switching elements, so that the switching elements perform the predetermined switching operations. A switching speed adjuster is configured to obtain at least information indicative of atmospheric pressure, and adjust a switching speed of each of the switching elements such that the switching speed of the corresponding switching element decreases with a decrease of the atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A power system of a series hybrid vehicle, comprising a fuel source; a control system; at least two auxiliary power units, each of which auxiliary power units, under control of the control system, independently receives fuel from the fuel source, and converts chemical energy in the fuel into electrical energy and outputs the electrical energy to a common current bus; a power battery electrically connected to a common current bus to, under control of the control system, receive electrical energy from the common current bus to perform charging or perform discharging through the common current bus; and a traction motor electrically connected to the common current bus to, under control of the control system, receive electrical energy from the common current bus and convert the electrical energy into mechanical energy and transmit the mechanical energy to a power train of the vehicle so as to drive the vehicle to run.

Abstract: In a driving device for changing a semiconductor switching element, having an on-off control terminal, between an on state and an off state according to a power supply voltage input thereto, a constant-current driver generates a constant current based on the power supply voltage. The constant-current driver performs one of charging and discharging of the on-off control terminal of the semiconductor switching element based on the generated constant current so as to change the semiconductor switching element from one of the on state and off state to the other thereof. A rate varying unit adjusts, based on correlation information between the power supply voltage and the constant current, a value of the constant current so as to vary a rate of changing the semiconductor switching element from one of the on state and the off state to the other thereof.

Abstract: A method is provided for coupling at least one secondary energy source to an power supply network, in particular an on-board vehicle power supply, wherein a load is connected with a primary energy source having a first voltage characteristic. The at least one secondary energy source has a second voltage characteristic which has an operating voltage range overlapping with the first voltage characteristic. The primary energy source and the at least one secondary energy source can be connected via a power switching device to a node point of an intermediate circuit of the power supply network, to which the load is also connected. Before connecting a secondary energy source, the current drawn by the load is regulated such that the voltage connected to the node point of the intermediate circuit corresponds to a no-load voltage of the secondary energy source to be connected or is around the no-load voltage in a specified voltage range.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an electronic control unit configured to perform control of an inverter by switching a plurality of controls including: first PWM control of generating a first PWM signal of a plurality of switching elements by comparison of voltage commands of respective phases based on a torque command of a motor with a carrier voltage and switching the plurality of switching elements; and second PWM control of generating a second PWM signal of the plurality of switching elements based on a modulation factor of a voltage and a voltage phase based on the torque command and the number of pulses in a predetermined period of an electrical angle of the motor and switching the plurality of switching elements. The electronic control unit is configured to limit execution of the second PWM control when an abnormality occurs in at least one of the current sensor or the voltage sensor.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to perform control of an inverter by switching a plurality of controls including i) first PWM control of generating a first PWM signal of a plurality of switching elements by comparison of voltage commands of respective phases based on a torque command of a motor with a carrier voltage and switching the plurality of switching elements, and ii) second PWM control of generating a second PWM signal of the plurality of switching elements based on a modulation factor of a voltage and a voltage phase based on the torque command and the number of pulses in a predetermined period of an electrical angle of the motor and switching the plurality of switching elements. The electronic control unit is configured to limit execution of the second PWM control when an abnormality occurs in the rotational position sensor.

Abstract: An electric vehicle includes a controller configured to receive sensor feedback from a high voltage storage device and from a low voltage storage device, compare the sensor feedback to operating limits of the respective high and low voltage storage device, determine, based on the comparison a total charging current to the high voltage storage device and to the low voltage storage device and a power split factor of the total charging current to the high voltage device and to the low voltage device, and regulate the total power to the low voltage storage device and the high voltage storage device based on the determination.

Abstract: An electric vehicle includes a controller configured to receive sensor feedback from a high voltage storage device and from a low voltage storage device, compare the sensor feedback to operating limits of the respective high and low voltage storage device, determine, based on the comparison a total charging current to the high voltage storage device and to the low voltage storage device and a power split factor of the total charging current to the high voltage device and to the low voltage device, and regulate the total power to the low voltage storage device and the high voltage storage device based on the determination.

Abstract: A charging facility collects DC power supplied from a plurality of power supply devices in a DC bus, and then uses the DC power to charge an on-board rechargeable battery for an electric vehicle. In an energy management method for a charging facility, each power supply device operates under independent automatic control according to a change in voltage in the DC bus. An upper-level control unit which collectively controls a plurality of power supply sources is not required, and a plurality of power supply devices can be combined with a simple configuration achieved by merely connecting respective output terminals to the DC bus. In addition, the entire charging facility can be operated flexibly. Thus, it is possible to achieve a simple configuration and to allow flexible operation while a plurality of power converters are combined with a system power supply.

Abstract: After system stop of an electric vehicle, a vehicle control ECU of a supplemental charging control device refers to a table, which indicates a relationship between an auxiliary equipment battery voltage, a supplemental charging start time, and a voltage reduction prospective value, determines the voltage reduction prospective value, calculates a correction coefficient using the determined voltage reduction prospective value, etc., and then adjusts the next supplemental charging start time based on the calculated correction coefficient.

Abstract: A vehicle charging system includes a charger configured to receive power form an external power source and a connector. The connector is configured to receive power from the charger and transmit the received power to a vehicle via a high-voltage cable. The cable is configured to connect the connector to a vehicle battery. Each of the charger and the connector includes a high voltage interlock loop (HVIL) configured to cause the charger to cease power transfer upon recognizing a predetermined voltage difference at a pair of ports of the HVIL.

Abstract: A charging station having a charging cable for charging an electric energy store, the charging cable being connected to the charging station at a proximal end and having a first plug-in apparatus at a distal end for connecting to a second plug-in apparatus of an apparatus to be charged which contains an electric energy store, the first plug-in apparatus having first electric contact elements for electric connection to second electric contact elements of the second plug-in apparatus, the charging cable having electrically connecting lines for electric connection of the first contact elements to a voltage source of the charging station, the charging cable having a fluid duct for guiding a fluid from the charging station toward the first plug-in apparatus and from the first plug-in apparatus back to the charging station again.

Abstract: Disclosed are a three-phase wireless power transfer (WPT) system and three-phase wireless rechargeable unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system based on the same. Three power receiving coils, including resonators, are installed at the ends of three landing leg of the UAV. A three-phase power converter installed in the UAV receives the three-phase AC induction current induced in three power receiving coils, including resonators, converting the three-phase AC induction current into a DC current to be charged in a battery. A three-phase power wireless charging apparatus wirelessly transfers three-phase power from three power transmitting coils to the three power receiving coils of the UAV when the three landing legs land on three coil seating units provided on a charging platform. A magnetic flux leakage shielding coil may be provided to prevent magnetic flux leakage from approaching the UAV. The power transfer efficiency is excellent, and electromagnetic interference can be also reduced.

Abstract: A method for determining a charging position for a charging system comprising a vehicle and an induction charging unit, includes measuring a magnetic field vector for the at least one positioning signal, wherein the magnetic field vector is unambiguously assigned to at least one transmitting antenna by virtue of a coding of the position signal, and calculating a local position of the at least one transmitting antenna with respect to at least one receiving antenna. The method further includes detecting a travel trajectory for the vehicle, along which the charging position can be taken up.

Abstract: A circuit system for a charging station which is configured to charge an energy store in a vehicle, the circuit system including a transformer with transformer outputs which are DC-isolated from one another, a first subsystem and a second subsystem each being connected to one of the transformer outputs. The first subsystem and the second subsystem each include a rectifier which has a DC-DC converter connected upstream of it, the DC-DC converter being coupled to a changeover logic unit on its input side or on its output side. In particular, provision is made for the first subsystem to be connected to a delta circuit in the transformer output and for the second subsystem to be connected to a star circuit in the transformer output.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a measuring device with a receiver coil array and evaluator. The receiver coil array is configured to detect three magnetic field components of a magnetic field of a conductor loop array generated by an electric alternating current signal and to provide a magnetic field component signal for each of the detected three magnetic field components. The evaluator is configured to evaluate the magnetic field component signals in order to determine the phase relation to the electric alternating current signal allocated for the magnetic field component signals, wherein the phase relations each include coarse position information of the conductor loop array relative to the conductor loop array and wherein the evaluator is configured to determine a resulting intersection of the coarse position information, wherein the resulting intersection includes or results in fine position information of the receiver coil array relative to the conductor loop array.

Abstract: Transition is made from a motor single-drive mode to a motor dual-drive mode while there is a margin in torque output from a motor MG2 with respect to rated torque. With this, the torque of the motor MG1 is changed slowly in the motor dual-drive mode, whereby it is possible to suppress the generation of vibration (shock) due to torsion of a damper and to compensate for a shortage of the torque of the motor MG1 due to slow change processing with an increase in torque from the motor MG2. As a result, it is possible to achieve both of reduction of a shock due to the torque of the motor MG1 and output of required torque to a drive shaft.

Abstract: A battery management device for a battery that is incorporated in a vehicle includes a cooling fan configured to cool the battery and a controller configured to control the cooling fan. The controller is configured to calculate an amount of high-rate degradation damage which is an amount of degradation damage to the battery caused by high-rate charge or discharge, and is configured to restrict cooling of the battery by the cooling fan when the amount of high-rate degradation damage has reached or exceeded a predefined cooling restriction starting threshold, more strictly than when the amount of high-rate degradation damage is less than the cooling restriction starting threshold.

Abstract: The present invention in one or more embodiments provides a bushing assembly to support a seat frame, where the bushing assembly includes first and second bushings connected to first and opposing second sides of the seat frame. The first and second bushings are comprised of first and second polymeric materials and include first and second support portions with first and second longitudinal lengths along a longitudinal direction, respectively, wherein the first longitudinal length differs than the second longitudinal length.