Abstract: Delivery devices, systems, and methods for delivering implantable leadless pacing devices are disclosed. An example method for delivering the implantable leadless pacing device may include distally advancing an intermediate tubular member of a delivery system across the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. An outer tubular member of the delivery device may be torqued in a first direction to guide a distal holding section along the ventricular septum. The distal tip of the distal holding section may be releaseably secured to a tissue. After securing the distal tip of the distal holding section, the outer tubular member may be torqued in a second direction opposite to the first direction and the implantable leadless pacing device incrementally deployed.

Abstract: A method, including sequentially activating a plurality of respective electrode pairs of an implanted cochlear implant, at least one of the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs being a respective electrode of an electrode array implanted in a cochlea, thereby generating respective localized electric fields, concurrently respectively measuring, for the plurality of activated respective electrode pairs, an electrical characteristic between the respective electrodes of the respective electrode pairs resulting from the respective localized electric fields, thereby obtaining a measurement set, determining, from the measurement set, a distance between the electrode array and a wall of the cochlea.

Abstract: Described herein are polymer formulations for facilitating electrical stimulation of nasal or sinus tissue. The polymer formulations may be hydrogels that are prepared by a UV cross-linking process. The hydrogels may be included as a component of nasal stimulator devices that electrically stimulate the lacrimal gland to improve tear production and treat dry eye. Additionally, devices and methods for manufacturing the nasal stimulators, including shaping of the hydrogel, are described herein.

Abstract: A method of producing an electrode for use in the manufacture of electrolytic capacitors for implantable cardioverter defibrillators comprises first growing a hydrate layer and/or formed oxide layers of the foil, applying a laser beam to portions of the foil to ablate the aluminum oxide foil surface before etching in order to induce etching in the specific areas, and then, etching the foil. The laser marks the oxide layer in a pulsed spot pattern through the hydrate layer and/or formed oxide layer leaving a dimpled nascent aluminum surface. The oxide layer left behind is a mask and the fresh aluminum areas are the high etching activation sites. After marking the aluminum oxide foil surface, the foil may be electrochemically etched in an electrolyte containing chloride and/or various oxidative species.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mesh electrode for cardiac resynchronization therapy, and a manufacturing method therefor. More specifically, the present invention relates to: a mesh electrode for cardiac resynchronization therapy, formed from a wire composed of a first biocompatible rubber layer in which silver nanowires are dispersed, and a second biocompatible rubber layer famed so as to be adjacent to the first biocompatible rubber layer; and a manufacturing method therefor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for nerve conduction block. The systems and methods can utilize at least one renewable electrode. The methods can include delivering a first direct current with a first polarity to an electrode proximate nervous tissue sufficient to block conduction in the nervous tissue. Delivering the first direct current can place the nervous tissue in a hypersuppressed state at least partially preventing conduction of the nervous tissue after cessation of delivering of the first direct current. The nervous tissue can be maintained in the hypersuppressed state for a desired period, such as at least about 1 minute.

Abstract: A means for treating breathing disorders by stimulating respiratory muscles or nerves to entrain respiratory systems while leaving respiratory drive intact. Embodiments of the invention employ frequency analysis to determine if appropriate stimulation energy is being applied.

Abstract: In various embodiments a method of synergistically using a neuromodulation stimulator and a robotic exoskeleton for the restoration of voluntary movement and greater muscle activation in chronically paralyzed subjects is provided. The noninvasive neuromodulation system delivers signals to facilitate the restoration and/or enhancement of neurological function where at least one effect is strengthened stepping capacity that can be further substantiated when coupled with robotic exoskeleton assistance.

Abstract: An implant unit configured for implantation into a body of a subject is provided. The implant unit may include a flexible carrier unit including a central portion and two elongated arms extending from the central portion, an antenna, located on the central portion, configured to receive a signal, at least one pair of electrodes arranged on a first elongated arm of the two elongated arms. The at least one pair of electrodes may be adapted to modulate a first nerve. The elongated arms of the flexible carrier may be configured to form an open ended curvature around a muscle with the nerve to be stimulated within an arc of the curvature.

Abstract: Brugada syndrome and related forms of ion channelopathies, including ventricular asynchrony of contraction, originate in the region near the His bundle or para-Hisian regions of the heart. Manifestations of Brugada syndrome can be corrected by delivering endocardial electrical stimulation coincident to the activation wave front propagated from the atrioventricular (AV) node. By performing the start of the activation of the HIS bundle or para-Hisian region early enough, electrical stimulation can be delivered fast enough to compensate for the conduction problems that start in those region, such that the activation wave front, as stimulated, transitions from the AV node to the His bundle in a normal, albeit electrically-supplemented, fashion. This stimulation not only helps resolve the conditions that trigger Brugada syndrome, but also resolves the asynchrony of the contraction of the heart.

Abstract: A sensor interface device (e.g., orthotic device or immobilization device) is disclosed. More specifically, described is an individualized sensor device and system to prevent tissue damage resulting from, for example, pressure, torsion, temperature, shear, altered blood flow, reduced oxygen tension, pH levels, tissue conductivity, tissue viscoelasticity, infection and sweat chloride levels. In particular embodiments, the systems, devices and related methods are used for preventing ambulation and mobility related plantar tissue related damage and immobilizing tissues.

Abstract: A device that suppresses a pathological synchronous and oscillatory neuron activity, and includes a non-invasive stimulation unit implantable in a patient, for stimulation, using electrical and/or optical stimuli, of neurons in the patient's brain and/or spinal cord, where those neurons are showing pathologically synchronous and oscillatory neuron activity, and the stimuli are deigned to suppress are this activity when administered to the patient. Moreover, a measuring unit records measurement signals reflecting the neuron activity of the stimulated neurons and a control and analysis unit controls the stimulation unit to administer stimuli, check the success of stimulation based on the measurement, and, if the stimulation success is not sufficient, insert one or more stimulation breaks in the application of the stimuli or extend one or more stimulation breaks, where no stimuli that could suppress the pathological synchronous and oscillatory neuron activity are applied during the stimulation breaks.

Abstract: A system for estimating a volume of activation around an implanted electrical stimulation lead for a set of stimulation parameters includes a display; and a processor coupled to the display and configured to: receive a set of stimulation parameters including a stimulation amplitude and a selection of one of more electrodes of the implanted electrical stimulation lead for delivery of the stimulation amplitude; determine an estimate of the volume of activation based on the set of stimulation parameters using the stimulation amplitude and a database including a plurality of planar distributions of stimulation threshold values and a map relating the planar distributions to spatial locations based on the one or more electrodes of the implanted electrical stimulation lead selected for delivery of the stimulation amplitude; and output on the display a graphical representation of the estimate of the volume of activation.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating neurological disorders comprising at least one electrode implantable in a patient's brain and a processing and stimulation device connected to the at least one electrode. The processing and stimulation device comprises at least one stimulation module adapted to generate a stimulation signal characterised by a plurality of parameters; at least one acquisition module adapted to acquire a signal characteristic of cerebral activity and determine its power in at least one frequency band; and at least one control module of at least one parameter of the stimulation signal as a function of the power of the signal characteristic of cerebral activity acquired, based on a transfer function having a saturating trend, wherein the transfer function is configured to set the at least one parameter of the stimulation signal differently dependent on a plurality of power ranges, by keeping the parameter within a predetermined stimulation range.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a neuromodulation and/or neurostimulation system comprising at least the following components: at least one sensing unit, at least control unit, at least one stimulation unit, at least one Central Nervous System (CNS) stimulation module, at least one Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) stimulation module,wherein at least one of the components of the neuromodulation and/or neurostimulation system is implantable.

Abstract: Brugada syndrome and related forms of ion channelopathies, including ventricular asynchrony of contraction, originate in the region near the His bundle or para-Hisian regions of the heart. Manifestations of Brugada syndrome can be corrected by delivering endocardial electrical stimulation coincident to the activation wave front propagated from the atrioventricular (AV) nodeearly enough to compensate for the conduction problems that start in those region. The stimulation can include waveforms of the same polarity delivered to a site within the region near the His bundle or para-Hisian regions of the heart associated with a low cardiac electrical asynchrony level or can include at least two single-phased superimposed waveforms of opposite polarity delivered through a pair of pacing electrodes relative to a reference electrode, which can be delivered to any site within the region near the His bundle or para-Hisian regions of the heart.

Abstract: Implantable medical devices (IMD) such as a cardiac pacemakers may include a sensor and electrodes. In some cases, the IMD may include electronics to use the sensor to determine the heart rate of a patient's heart. The electronics may use the electrodes to deliver pacing pulses to the heart at a first energy level if the heart rate is below a threshold and pace the heart at an enhanced energy level if the heart rate is above the threshold.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a delivery system for delivering a leadless pacemaker. The delivery system may include a catheter, which may be a guide catheter. The catheter includes a distal end, a proximal end opposite the distal end, a lumen extending between the distal end and the proximal end, and a locking hub operably coupled to the proximal end. The locking hub includes a lumen segment of the lumen. In one implementation, self-biasing of the lumen segment places the lumen segment out of alignment with a rest of the lumen. Deflecting the lumen segment against the self-biasing of the lumen segment places the lumen segment in coaxial alignment with the rest of the lumen. In another implementation, self-biasing of the lumen segment reduces an inner diameter of the lumen segment and actuation of the locking hub expands the inner diameter.

Abstract: Delivery of an implantable wireless receiver-stimulator (R-S) into the heart using delivery catheter is described. R-S comprises a cathode and an anode and wirelessly receives and converts energy, such as acoustic ultrasound energy, to electrical energy to stimulate the heart. Conductive wires routed through the delivery system temporarily connect R-S electrodes to external monitor and pacing controller. R-S comprises a first temporary electrical connection from the catheter to the cathode, and a second temporary electrical connection from the catheter to the anode. Temporary electrical connections allow external monitoring of heart's electrical activity as sensed by R-S electrodes to determine tissue viability for excitation as well as to assess energy conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A system for sensing electrical cardiac activity and for providing therapy to a patient's heart. The system may include a first implantable device implanted within a patient and a second implantable device implanted near or within the heart of the patient. In some cases, the first implantable device may at least partially power the second implantable device by periodically recharging a rechargeable battery or other power source within the second implantable device. In some cases, the first implantable device may at least partially power the second implantable device by periodically, intermittently or continuously transmitting energy that may be stored by a battery, capacitor or other power storage device within the second implantable device.

Abstract: A system for recharging an implantable medical device having a rechargeable battery while the implantable medical device is implanted within a patient includes a recharge energy source configured to be disposed exterior to the patient and a recharging bridge configured to be implanted within the patient. The recharging bridge is configured to facilitate energy transfer from the recharge energy source to the implantable medical device.

Abstract: Techniques provided herein are directed toward providing a robust pulse width modulated (PWM) amplitude modulation scheme that enables medical implants with highly inaccurate LOs to reliably receive downlink communications from an interrogator device by using pulse width to encode data. Synchronization and data fields can comprise pulse pairs, distinguishable by medical implants from a ratio of the duration of a long pulse to the duration of a short pulse within the pulse pair.

Abstract: An external transmitter apparatus for a transcutaneous energy transfer (TET) system for supplying power for use in energising an implantable medical device is disclosed, the apparatus comprising an external transmitter apparatus comprising a plurality of transmitter coils for delivering power transcutaneously to one of a plurality of receiver coils of an implantable receiver apparatus of the TET system when located in proximity thereto. The external transmitter apparatus is provided with power by a pulsed power supply. The coils of the external transmitter apparatus and the implantable receiver apparatus may be printed on flexible substrates. Also disclosed are methods of operating such a system, an external transmitter apparatus for use in such a system, an external transmitter apparatus and an implantable receiver apparatus including flexible coils.

Abstract: Dual sequential defibrillation (DSD) systems and methods include the use of a timing device. The timing device can assist a user with DSD administration by providing notifications spaced apart by the inter-shock timing. The user can use these notifications to trigger the administration of defibrillation in a sequential manner. The timing device can also be coupled to two defibrillation devices and can output a signal to each of the defibrillation devices to cause the defibrillation device to administer a defibrillation. The output of the signals by the timing device can be spaced apart by the inter-shock timing. Additionally, the signals can be QRS-like in nature to cause the defibrillation devices to administer a defibrillation when in a sync mode.

Abstract: In embodiments, a WCD system includes one or more transducers that may sense patient parameters from different parts of the patient's body, and thus render physiological inputs from those parameters. Individual analysis scores may be determined from the physiological inputs, and an aggregate analysis score may be determined from the individual analysis scores. A shock/no shock determination may be made depending on whether or not the aggregate analysis score meets an aggregate shock criterion. Accordingly, multiple inputs are considered in making the shock/no shock determination.

Abstract: A coil 31 has 1st to Nth turns 311 to 31N. The 1st to Nth turns 311 to 31N are respectively provided with actuation parts 311a for current in one direction to flow, and connection parts 311b for current in the opposite direction to the one direction to flow. The plurality of actuation parts 311a are arranged substantially parallel to each other, and are arranged along a surface of an object 1 or a surface that approximates to the surface of the object 1. A plurality of connection parts 311b are arranged within a space in which the connection parts do not face the surface of the object 1 over the actuation parts 311a of the 1st to Nth turns, and the connection parts are positioned at the sides with respect to the extension direction of the actuation parts 311a.

Abstract: A device for magnetic stimulation of body regions, including at least one magnetic coil connected to a stimulator which has a power element for generating electrical impulses to be applied to the at least one magnetic coil, so that the generated magnetic field can be induced in the body region, wherein a detection unit is provided for detecting metal elements within the body region. A measuring device is provided for detecting the electrical power received by the magnetic coil and a comparison device is provided for comparing the power with a predetermined limit value, the detection unit is connected to the stimulator, and the comparison unit is designed to automatically switch off the stimulator or reduce the power of the stimulator or of the power element of the stimulator in the event of the predetermined limit value being exceeded.

Abstract: A method of treating cardiac arrhythmia in a heart, including (i) determining that cardiac tissue is viable but with reduced innervation; and (ii) ablating the tissue to reduce a prevalence of arrhythmia in said heart. Optionally, the determining comprises detecting portions of heart wall which lack electrical activity. Optionally, at least some tissue which is viable but lacks nervous control is ablated, for example, to reduce or avoid arrhythmia.

Abstract: A reconfigurable magnetic therapy apparatus is formed by multiple magnetic components which are maintained in a stable planar array by either mutual magnetic attraction or mechanical fixtures which may include a ferromagnetic backing plate to which the elements are magnetically attached. The array can be separated and reconfigured by the user to provide different magnetic patterns that favor either high surface strength, or deep penetration, or multiple smaller sub arrays to treat multiple sites.

Abstract: Heat and heat based treatments that may be used to modulate, inhibit and/or prevent one or more of the processes that contribute to certain vascular and/or arterial complications.

Abstract: Configurations are described for utilizing light-activated proteins within cell membranes and subcellular regions to assist with medical treatment paradigms, such as hypertension treatment via anatomically specific and temporally precise modulation of renal plexus activity. The invention provides for proteins, nucleic acids, vectors and methods for genetically targeted expression of light-sensitive proteins to specific cells or defined cell populations. In particular the invention provides systems, devices, and methods for millisecond-timescale temporal control of certain cell activities using moderate light intensities, such as the generation or inhibition of electrical spikes in nerve cells and other excitable cells.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus that uses light-emitting diodes to provide near-infrared light to improve eye health while simultaneously providing visible spectrum light for illumination.

Abstract: To provide an irradiation device capable of preventing myopia or slowing the progression of myopia by the action of light irradiated toward the eyeball. An irradiation device (10) comprises a light source (1) and an instrument (2) on which the light source (1) is mounted. The light source (1) emits at least light having a wavelength within a range of 350 to 400 nm, inclusive, and is disposed in a position that allows irradiation in an eyeball direction when the instrument (2) is mounted. Further, the light source (1) is disposed in a position 0 to 100 mm, inclusive, from a surface of the eyeball. At this time, an irradiance of the light having a wavelength within the range of 350 to 400 nm, inclusive, is 0.02 to 1.0 W/m2, inclusive, on the eyeball surface when the instrument (2) is worn.

Abstract: A wavelength converting bandage including a substrate with an external surface and an internal surface. The wavelength converting bandage includes a plurality of quantum dots, each quantum dot individually sized to emit light within a wavelength range of 613 nm to 846 nm, defined as converted light. The wavelength converting bandage includes at least a portion of the substrate constructed to adhere to skin. The substrate may receive ambient light from the environment on the external surface and may emit converted light toward the skin.

Abstract: A therapeutic device is provided that utilizes a microprocessor-controlled assembly having a heater and a ceramic plate which emits a Far Infrared wavelength of 8-10 microns and a Terahertz frequency vibration that flows throughout and deep into the human body. The Far Infrared heat energy produced by the therapy device stimulates the flow of internal energy in a person resulting in many therapeutic benefits.

Abstract: An apparatus and method utilizes photonics, particularly lasers, and biometric feedback for physiological and neurological stimulation. While many areas of the body are candidates, such laser stimulation is particularly directed to the outer ear. Lasers positioned over the ear stimulate targets on the outer ear for pain and stress management and regulation of the autonomic nervous system to affect symptoms and clinical conditions. Laser positioning, wavelength, aiming, focus, power, power density, timing, and sequencing are managed and modified dynamically in real time to effect a personalized and effective treatment protocol.

Abstract: The device (3) comprises a first duct (14) having a proximal end, associated with a hand-piece (5), and an open distal end (14A). The first duct (14) is in fluid communication with an inlet port (18) for a liquid containing scattering particles. The device (3) furthermore comprises a light guide (7) so arranged and configured as to convey a laser radiation coming from a laser source (11) near the open distal end (14A) of the first duct (14).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system and method for photoeradication of microorganisms from a target. A light source is configured to irradiate the target with purple or blue light in a pulsed mode of irradiation at an average irradiance that preferably ranges from 0.1 mW/cm2 to 20 mW/cm2. An electronic circuit is configured to control the light source in accordance with an irradiation schedule that includes a plurality of irradiation sessions. The light source is controlled to provide the purple or blue light at a radiant exposure that preferably ranges from 0.5 J/cm2 to 60 J/cm2 during each of the irradiation sessions. The irradiation sessions are provided at a plurality of time intervals so as to cause photoeradication of all or a portion of the microorganisms.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods of treating malignant melanoma by irradiating sites to which melanoma cells have become locally advanced, surgically undesirable, or have metastasized. In various embodiments of the invention, patients are treated with radiation doses in amounts ranging from about 25 to 230 cGy, preferably about 100 cGy to about 200 cGy, at least twice a day. The treatment regimen can be performed in the absence of additional treatments for the metastatic melanoma (e.g., chemotherapy/targeted therapy/immunotherapy) or in combination with additional therapies for chemotherapy/targeted therapy/immunotherapy. Various additional embodiments relate to the administration of between 20 and 100 fractions of radiation, preferably between 20 and 56 fractions of radiation.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for generating and delivering a volumetric modulated arc therapy (“VMAT”) plan to a patient. In some aspects, the method includes receiving a representation of a patient comprising information related to target and non-target volumes of interest and generating an objective function based on the representation of the patient. The method also includes performing an iterative optimization process using the objective function to generate a VMAT plan and generating a report according to the VMAT plan.

Abstract: A neutron capture therapy system includes a neutron ray generating unit, an irradiated body placing unit on which a patient (irradiated body) is placed, and a gamma ray detecting unit that detects gamma rays emitted from the patient (irradiated body). The gamma ray detecting unit includes an emission part that emits light or electrons as the gamma rays are incident thereon, an amplification part that amplifies and outputs the light or the electrons emitted from the emission part, a first neutron ray shielding part formed of a substance containing 6-lithium, and a second neutron ray shielding part formed of a light element. The first neutron ray shielding part is provided so as to cover at least a surface opposite to an adjacent surface adjacent to the amplification part, among surfaces of the emission part.

Abstract: A positioning apparatus automatically performs a patient positioning calculation at high speed and a positioning method. A positioning apparatus 40 has, as functional components, a DRR image generation element 41 that generates the DRR image based on the CT image data, an optimization element 43 that calculates the positional gap of the patient 57 by optimizing the fluoroscopic projection parameters; and an initial parameter adjustment element 42 that changes the initial position of the fluoroscopic projection parameters prior to optimization of fluoroscopic projection parameters with regard to the rotatable and translation of the CT image data relative to the optimization element 43.

Abstract: In an irradiation method, an irradiation plan for irradiating a target volume in phases of motion is provided to a particle therapy system. The particle therapy system comprises a beam delivery device operable to scan a pencil beam of particles over the target volume. The irradiation plan comprises a first field for irradiating the target volume in a first phase of motion and a second field for irradiating the target volume in a second phase of motion. Motion of a tracking device or change of other physical measurement value is monitored and signals continuously indicating the current position of the tracking device or measurement value are provided to the particle therapy system. A pencil beam of particles is applied to the target volume according to the irradiation plan and signals from the tracking system continuously indicating current positions of the target volume. Dosage delivered to the target volume is monitored.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a new scan technique for particle radiation therapy that may be used for cancer treatment. One embodiment relates to a method of mitigating interplay effect in particle radiation therapy in a moving target including a period of movement, where the particle radiation therapy defines a planned dose in each spot of each layer of the moving target. The method comprising dividing the planned dose in each spot into a number of spot repaintings; and generating a scan pattern for each layer by defining a beam-on time at each spot for each spot repainting, and calculating a wait time between consecutive beam-on times to distribute the spot repaintings for each spot of a respective layer are distributed over a duration of an integer number of periods of movement.

Abstract: Beam configuration data obtained during the commissioning and/or quality assurance (QA) testing of a radiation therapy device can be validated against other radiation therapy devices within the radiotherapy community. Data and parameters from previously commissioned or QA-tested devices can be compiled and analyzed at a remote module. At the remote module, data and parameters obtained from a radiation therapy device undergoing commissioning or QA testing can be compared to the previously compiled data and/or parameters, to factory data and/or parameters, and/or to predetermined device limits, in order to provide an indication to an end user of potential issues or errors. Warnings, feedback, and/or suggestions can be provided to the end user of the radiation therapy device based on the comparison.

Abstract: A method for generating a radiation dose map of a dosimeter indicating a spatial distribution of radiation dose imparted to the dosimeter. The corrected radiation dose map may be generated with the computer system by applying temporal correction factor and spatial correction factors to a measured radiation dose map, the corrected radiation dose map having pixel values associated with the measured radiation dose having been corrected for temporal effects caused by changes in the measure of radiation dose imparted to the dosimeter between the first time point and the second time point, and for spatial effects caused by the sensitivity of the dosimeter to radiation measurements as a function of the spatial dimension.

Abstract: A particle beam delivery system includes a beam delivery line of charged particle and a gantry body supporting the beam delivery line. The gantry body is rotatably supported by a first support and a second support. The gantry body serves to rotate the beam delivery line about a horizontal axis passing through the first and second supports. The gantry body comprises a cantilevered portion configured to support at least a section of the beam delivery line in a cantilevered manner extended beyond the first and second supports. The second support is supported by a structure which is rotatable about a vertical axis passing through the second support, thereby providing clearance for the cantilevered portion of the gantry body when rotating about the horizontal axis. The gantry body may be rotatable about the horizontal axis in 360 degrees, clockwise and/or counterclockwise. A gantry assembly and a particle beam radiotherapy system comprising a gantry assembly are also provided.

Abstract: An image-guided radiotherapy system adapted to be juxtaposed adjacent a CT scanner comprises a frame having an orifice adapted to permit passage therethrough of a couch on which a patient is positioned, together with a gantry assembly rotatably mounted on the frame in which the gantry assembly comprises a shielding cylinder having an orifice therethrough in alignment with the orifice in the frame. The shielding cylinder has affixed thereto a linac-based treatment head configured to provide radiotherapy, and a beamstop positioned angularly opposite the treatment head to absorb radiation from the treatment head. The shielding cylinder provides sufficient shielding of radiation scattered from the patient and the remainder of the system to not require a conventional vault. In some embodiments an arch may be used instead of a cylinder.

Abstract: A medical device includes: a base; a positioner coupled to the base; an accelerator coupled to the positioner, wherein the positioner is operable to rotate the accelerator relative to the base about at least two axes; and a power source coupled to the accelerator, the power source configured to provide microwave power for the accelerator, wherein a position of the power source relative to the base remains fixed during movement of the accelerator. A medical device includes: a base; a positioner coupled to the base; an accelerator coupled to the positioner; a power source configured to provide microwave power for the accelerator, wherein a position of the source relative to the base remains fixed during movement of the accelerator; and a waveguide for coupling the power source and the accelerator; wherein the waveguide has a first segment with a first cross section, the first cross section being a circular cross-section.

Abstract: We provide a novel technique for coupling focused ultrasound into the brain. The ultrasound beam can be used for therapy or neuro-modulation. We excite a selected Lamb wave mode in the skull that mode converts into longitudinal waves in the brain. The benefits of our approach is in improved efficiency, reduction in heating of the skull, and the ability to address regions in the brain that are close or far from the skull.