Abstract: Certain example embodiments relate to seals for glass articles. Certain example embodiments relate to a composition used for sealing an insulted glass unit. In certain example embodiments the composition includes vanadium oxide, barium oxide, zinc oxide, and at least one additional additive. For instance, another additive that is a different metal oxide or different metal chloride may be provided. In certain example embodiments, a composition may be combined with a binder solution that substantially or completely burns out by the time the composition is melted. In certain example embodiments, a CTE filler is included with a frit material. In certain example embodiments, a vacuum insulated glass unit includes first and second glass substrates that are sealed together with a seal that includes the above-described composition.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a composition comprising an expanded and micronized volcanic glass (EMVG) and at least one chemical agent, wherein the at least one chemical agent is coated on the surface of the volcanic glass. The present disclosure also relates to an improved process to remove mineral impurities and to coat the surface of the EMVG. The disclosed composition can be used a functional reinforcing filler to improve the mechanical properties of plastic.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments relate to an improved method of strengthening glass substrates (e.g., soda lime silica glass substrates). In certain examples, a glass substrate may be chemically strengthened by creating an electric field within the glass. In certain cases, the chemical tempering may be performed by surrounding the substrate by a plasma including certain ions, such as Li+, K+, Mg2+, and/or the like. In some cases, these ions may be forced into the glass substrate due to the half-cycles of the electric field generated by the electrodes that formed the plasma. This may advantageously chemically strengthen a glass substrate on a substantially reduced time scale. In other example embodiments, an electric field may be set in a float bath such that sodium ions are driven from the molten glass ribbon into the tin bath, which may advantageously result in a stronger glass substrate with reduced sodium content.

Abstract: A copper dopant delivery powder comprising a fused silica powder and a Cu2S powder. A method of making the copper dopant delivery powder. A method of making a copper-doped glass comprising placing a target glass in a container, packing a composite SiO.CuS dopant powder around the target glass and heating the container and SiO.CuS dopant powder to a temperature of between 800° C. and 1150° C. A copper-doped glass comprising a glass comprising copper-doping wherein the copper-doped glass was formed by covering the glass with a fused silica powder and a Cu2S powder, wherein the fused silica powder and the Cu2S powder are mixed in varying ratios of Cu2S to silica represented by the formula (SiO2)(1-x)(Cu2S)x and heating to a temperature of between 800° C. and 1150° C.

Abstract: A slurry for manufacturing gypsum board comprises calcined gypsum, water, a foaming agent, and a coalescing agent. The foaming agent imparts a plurality of bubbles in the slurry. Typically, a foam is pre-generated with the foaming agent and the foam is used to form the slurry such that the foam imparts the plurality of bubbles in the slurry. The coalescing agent coalesces the plurality of bubbles imparted by the foam. Typically, the coalescing agent coalesces a plurality of small and partially joined bubbles imparted by the foam to create larger and more discrete bubbles. A gypsum board and method of forming the slurry and the gypsum board are also disclosed. The gypsum board comprises a gypsum layer formed from the slurry. The gypsum layer defines a plurality of bubbles dispersed therein, which are imparted by the foam and coalescing agent of the slurry.

Abstract: A wear resistant substrate including a metal substrate having a surface, a reinforcing support attached to the surface and cured reaction products of an inorganic curable composition disposed over and through the reinforcing support and bonded to the surface. Also a method of enhancing the wear resistance of a metal surface by attaching a reinforcing support to the surface; disposing an inorganic curable composition over and through the reinforcing support and into contact with the surface; and curing the composition.

Abstract: A cordierite-based sintered body comprises cordierite as a primary crystal phase and LaMgAl11O19 as a secondary crystal phase, wherein a ratio ILMA (114)/IMAS (004) is in the range of 0.01 to 0.8, where the ILMA (114) denotes a peak intensity of a (114) plane of LaMgAl11O19 as measured by powder X-ray diffractometry, and the IMAS (004) denotes a peak intensity of a (004) plane of cordierite as measured by powder X-ray diffractometry. The disclosure is intended to enhance mechanical property and improve complex and fine processability for a cordierite-based sintered body without compromising low thermal expansibility, high dimensional long-term stability, high stiffness (high elastic modulus) and precision polishing characteristic.

Abstract: Electrically conductive aerogel and methods of making the same are disclosed. A solution is provided. The solution is cured to form a polymer. The polymer is carbonized to form the conductive aerogel.

Abstract: A method of treating a ceramic surface containing zirconia, whereby the ceramic surface is ablated by directing a laser beam with a diameter of 200-400 ?m produced by a CO2 laser with a pulse frequency of 1200-1800 Hz onto the ceramic surface, and a N2 assist gas is concurrently applied with a pressure of 550-650 KPa co-axially with the laser beam to form an ablated ceramic surface comprising microgrooves with ZrN present on a surface of the microgrooves, wherein the ablated ceramic surface has a higher surface hydrophobicity than the ceramic surface prior to the ablating.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a dental restoration with enhanced adhesive or bonding strength are disclosed. The dental restoration comprises a zirconia based crown and a porcelain layer built-up on a top surface of the zirconia based crown. The zirconia based crown is to be bonded to a top of an abutment tooth and has dimensions that are smaller than outer dimensions of the abutment tooth. A first surface of the zirconia based crown is configured to adhere to the abutment tooth and a second surface of the zirconia based crown is configured to receive the porcelain layer built-up. The first surface and the second surface of the zirconia based crown are treated with a surface treatment solution which includes at least nitric acid (HNO3), hydrofluoric acid (HF) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Further, the zirconia based crown may be treated with an ultrasonic impact treatment in addition to the surface treatment of the zirconia based crown.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for creating biologically active soil or horticulture media for growing plants, wherein a fibrous carbon source such as coconut coir in a predetermined particulate form is mixed with fertilizers and other biological nutrients, inoculated with a biologically active substance such as worm castings and then aged or cured in an oxygen rich aerobic process. After which additional nutrients can be added to tailor the aged media for a specific sue. Various apparatus with which to conduct the aging process are also described. In a variation of the process used soil or horticulture media is recharged by first composting at a high temperature to remove harmful and unwanted items, its contents are evaluated, nutrients are added, and it is then aged in an aerobic process.

Abstract: Reaction products and methods for making and using the same are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the fertilizer can include a nitrogen source comprising urea, ammonia, ammonium nitrate, or any combination thereof and a reaction product of formaldehyde, an ammonia source, and a nitrification inhibitor.

Abstract: For production of a propellant charge powder, especially for medium and large calibers, in a process in which the solid is incorporated together with a liquid in a mixing and drying process into the channels of a granular green material and compacted therein to form a plug, the solid, under otherwise identical process conditions, is set within a setting range of >0-0.5% by weight based on the weight of the granular green material. For more significant lowering of the maximum pressure within an upper temperature range and for more significant raising of the maximum pressure within a lower temperature range of the application temperature range, an increased amount of solid is used. The solid is a substance whose melting point is at least 10° C., especially 20° C., above a maximum use temperature of the propellant charge powder and which is inert toward the granular green material. Since the plug consists virtually exclusively of inert material, a high ballistic stability is achieved.

Abstract: An encapsulated, particulate energetic composition includes one of explosive particles of a known size, oxidizer particles of a known size, and a mixture of explosive particles and oxidizer particles of known sizes, in which particles of one of the explosive particles, the oxidizer particles, and the mixture of the explosive and the oxidizer particles, are encapsulated by a combustible fuel of a known thickness to enhance the energy output. A method of making the encapsulated, particulate energetic composition includes placing one of explosive particles, oxidizer particles, and a mixture of explosive particles and oxidizer particles within a deposition chamber, mixing one of the explosive particles, the oxidizer particles, and the mixture of explosive particles and the oxidizer particles, and depositing, to a known encapsulating thickness, a combustible fuel onto the one of the explosive particles, the oxidizer particles, and the mixture of explosive particles and oxidizer.

Abstract: Improved methods of oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of short chain alkanes or ethylbenzene to the corresponding olefins, and improved methods of oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to ethylene and/or ethane, are disclosed. The disclosed methods use boron- or nitride-containing catalysts, and result in improved selectivity and/or byproduct profiles than methods using conventional ODH or OCM catalysts.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods to produce para-xylene, toluene, and other compounds from renewable sources (e.g., cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, sugar) and ethylene in the presence of a catalyst. For example, cellulose and/or hemicellulose may be converted into 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), which may be converted into para-xylene by cycloaddition of ethylene to DMF. Para-xylene can then be oxidized to form terephthalic acid.

Abstract: A method of oxidative dehydrogenating a butane-containing hydrocarbon stream by contacting the same with a bimetallic catalyst in the presence of an oxidant, wherein the bimetallic catalyst comprises nickel and bismuth on a titanium carbide catalyst support. Various embodiments of the method of oxidative dehydrogenating the butane-containing hydrocarbon stream and the bimetallic catalyst are also provided.

Abstract: Propylene production processes are discussed herein. The propylene production processes may include contacting an olefin feed including butene with ethylene in the presence of a catalyst system including a metathesis catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to form a product stream including propylene, wherein the metathesis catalyst includes molybdenum and the reaction conditions include a reaction temperature of less than 250° C.

Abstract: What is proposed is a column (K) comprising separatory internals (E) for separating a mixture of hydrocarbons and/or hydrocarbon derivatives (1) by extractive distillation with a selective solvent (2), with supply of the selective solvent (2) in the upper region of the column and supply of the mixture of hydrocarbons and/or hydrocarbon derivatives to be separated (1) below the supply of the selective solvent (2), the selective solvent (2) becoming laden in the column (K) with the components from the mixture to be separated (1) for which it has greater affinity and being withdrawn from the lower region of the column as laden selective solvent (3), while, by contrast, the components from the mixture to be separated for which the selective solvent (2) has a lower affinity remain in the vapor phase and are withdrawn as top stream (4), which is completely or partially condensed to obtain a condensate (5), some of which is withdrawn as product stream (6), the remainder being reintroduced to the column (K) as ref

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating meta-xylene from C8 aromatic fractions, using a zeolitic adsorbent based on sodium-exchanged or sodium-and-lithium-exchanged agglomerated crystals of zeolite Y, with a large external surface area.

Abstract: A method for the separation of diamond particle clusters into discrete diamond particles and/or into smaller diamond particle clusters comprising fewer diamond particles is disclosed. The diamond particle clusters are combined with at least one liquid phase organic or inorganic compound, or with a solution of at least one organic or inorganic compound in at least one solvent to form a reaction mixture. Mechanical means are then used to separate the diamond particle clusters into discrete diamond particles and/or into smaller clusters within the reaction mixture producing diamond particles with dangling bonds or free bonding sites on the surface of the diamond particles. The at least one organic or inorganic compound then reacts with these dangling bonds present on the diamond particle surface.

Abstract: A method for producing 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane (HCFC-244bb) from a reaction composition including a mixture of HCFC-244bb and 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf) by selectively hydrogenating the HCFO-1233xf component of the mixture in a vapor phase in the presence of hydrogen gas and a catalyst to generate a product composition including unreacted HCFC-244bb and hydrogenation products of HCFO-1233xf, such as 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane (HCFC-253db), which may be separated from the HCFC-244bb by distillation. The separated HCFC-244bb may then be purified by subsequent acid neutralization and drying steps.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a fluorine-containing alkane, which comprises reacting at least one fluorine-containing compound selected from the group consisting of chlorine-containing fluoroalkanes and fluorine-containing alkenes with hydrogen gas in the presence of catalysts, wherein two or more catalysts having different catalytic activities are used, and the fluorine-containing compound and hydrogen gas, which are starting materials, are sequentially brought into contact with the catalysts in the order of the catalyst having a lower catalytic activity followed by the catalyst having a higher catalytic activity. According to the present invention, in the method for producing a fluorine-containing alkane by using chlorine-containing fluoroalkane or fluorine-containing alkene as a starting material, and subjection it to a reduction reaction or a hydrogen addition reaction, the objective fluorine-containing alkane can be produced with high productivity.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process and method for manufacturing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene by dehydrohalogenating a reactant stream of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane that is substantially free from impurities, particularly halogenated propanes, propenes, and propynes.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid allyl adduct of the general formula: CF3(CF2)n(CH2CF2)a(CF2CF2)bCH2CHICH2OCOR???[II] wherein n is an integer of 0 to 5, a is 1 or 2, and b is an integer of 0 to 3, and R? is a C1-C3 alkyl group.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the transformation of lignocellulosic biomass or cellulose into mono- or poly-oxygenated compounds, in which the lignocellulosic biomass or the cellulose is brought into simultaneous contact with a catalytic system comprising a combination of one or more homogeneous catalysts and one or more heterogeneous catalysts, in the same reaction chamber, in the presence of at least one solvent, said solvent being water alone or as a mixture with at least one other solvent, in a reducing atmosphere, and at a temperature in the range 80° C. to 250° C. and at a pressure in the range 0.5 MPa to 20 MPa.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the continuous production of one or more glycols from a saccharide-containing feedstock, said process comprising the steps of: i) contacting the saccharide-containing feedstock with hydrogen in the presence of one or more catalysts in a reactor at a reaction temperature and a reaction pressure in a continuous manner, to provide a reaction effluent stream comprising hydrogen and one or more glycols; ii) separating hydrogen from the reaction effluent stream, without substantial de-pressurization of said reaction effluent stream to provide a separated hydrogen stream and a liquid effluent stream; and iii) providing at least a portion of the separated hydrogen stream as a hydrogen recycle stream to the reactor for re-use in step i).

Abstract: A method of producing dimethyl ether involving contacting methanol with a catalyst in the presence of oxygen in a reactor to form the dimethyl ether. The catalyst comprises manganese on a cerium oxide catalyst support, wherein a weight ratio of manganese to the cerium oxide catalyst support is in the range of 0.005 to 0.5. Further, a method of manufacturing the catalyst, including mixing cerium oxide (CeO2) with a solution comprising manganese salt and a solvent, evaporating the solvent, followed by drying and calcining to form a catalyst which comprises manganese on a cerium oxide catalyst support, wherein a weight ratio of manganese to the cerium oxide catalyst support is in the range of 0.005 to 0.5.

Abstract: Provided herein are 2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)phenol having a novel structure capable of being used to prevent or treat all diseases associated with NF-?B, IKK and STAT3, and a method of preparing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel tertiary alcohol derivatives substituted with aryl and trifluoromethyl, and optical isomers thereof. In addition, the present invention also relates to methods for the preparation and use as enantiomer recognition agent thereof. The present invention provides pharmaceutical composition and use as therapeutically active substance thereof.

Abstract: A method for producing highly pure p-toluic acid by a simple solid-liquid separation operation using as a raw material a substance inducible from a biomass resource and suitable for fermentation production by a microorganism is disclosed. The method for producing p-toluic acid includes: a dehydration reaction step of dehydrating Compound(s) (1)-(4), which are substances inducible from biomass resources and suitable for fermentation production by microorganisms; and a solid-liquid separation step of recovering a solid produced by this dehydration reaction by a simple solid-liquid separation operation.

Abstract: A process comprising subjecting a composition comprising an alpha- or beta-hydroxycarboxylic acid, water, an extraction solvent, and an acid catalyst to extractive dehydration to form an unsaturated carboxylic acid product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optimized process for preparing methacrylic acid, wherein methacrolein is prepared in a first stage from propionaldehyde and formaldehyde by means of a Mannich reaction and oxidized in a second stage to methacrylic acid. More particularly, the present invention relates to the reduction in the amounts of catalyst to be used in the first stage, especially to the reduction in the amounts of acid to be used here, by virtue of the additional installation of recycling streams suitable for the purpose.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the NSAID derivatives of omega-3 fatty acids as gamma secretase modulators and their use in treating Alzheimer's disease, hypertriglyceridemia, and cardiovascular disease by reducing triglycerides, and for use as anti-inflammatory agents.

Abstract: Unique methods have been developed to convert polysaccharides into value-added products, such as levulinic acid and alkyl levulinates. The polysaccharides are heated in the presence of water, an alcohol, and an acid to cleave the polysaccharide, and the resulting monosacchrides or monosaccharide acetals or both are contacted with an acid in the presence of an alcohol at a higher temperature. Useful acids include Brønsted acid catalysts and Lewis acid catalysts including mineral acids, metal halides, immobilized heterogeneous catalysts functionalized with a Brønsted acid group or a Lewis acid group, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method of producing high purity polyol esters comprises reacting a polyol with an excess amount of a linear or branched aliphatic monocarboxylic C3-20 acid to esterify less than the total amount of the polyol present to form an intermediate reaction composition having a hydroxyl value of from 7 to about 50 mg KOH/g. An anhydride of the corresponding linear or branched aliphatic monocarboxylic C3-20 acid is added to the intermediate reaction composition in an amount of from 1 to about 2.5 equivalents of available OH in the intermediate composition to form a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is heated for 5-30 minutes or until all of the corresponding anhydride has reacted to form a reaction product. The reaction product is then de-acidified. No metal or acid catalyst or bleaching agents are present in any of the above reaction steps at a concentration above about 15 ppm.

Abstract: Provided is a production method whereby corresponding carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters can be obtained at high yield from various carboxylic acids even without a solvent and near room temperature. A method for producing a carboxylic acid anhydride represented by formula (II), the method comprising reacting a compound represented by formula (I) and a carboxylic acid in the presence of a Group II metal compound having an ionic ligand containing an oxygen atom. A method for producing a carboxylic acid ester, the method comprising reacting a carboxylic acid anhydride produced by the aforementioned method and an alcohol. In formula (I), R1 represents a C1-20 hydrocarbon group. In formula (II), R2 represents a C1-20 hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method of coupling a first compound to a second compound, the method comprising: providing the first compound having a fluorosulfonate substituent; providing the second compound comprising an alkene; and reacting the first compound and the second compound in a reaction mixture, the reaction mixture including a catalyst having at least one group 10 atom, the reaction mixture under conditions effective to couple the first compound to the second compound.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing diaryl carbonates from monophenols and phosgene or chloroformic acid aryl esters in the presence of an optionally substituted pyridine or the hydrochloride salt thereof as catalyst, and the recovery and reinjection thereof back into the method. The method is carried out at least partially in a liquid phase without the use of an additional solvent, the catalyst being separated by means of crystallization and recovered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to extracted plant lipid or microbial lipid comprising docosapentaenoic acid, and processes for producing the extracted lipid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 2-haloacrylic esters from 2-hydroxymethyl- or 2-halomethyl- or 2-chlorosulfinyloxymethyl-2-halomalonic diesters. The invention further provides novel 2-halomethyl-2-halomalonic diesters or 2-chlorosulfinyloxymethyl-2-halomalonic diesters which can be used for preparation of the 2-haloacrylic esters.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for the continuous preparation of n-butyl nitrite with a low content of n-butanol comprising the reaction of n-butanol, an acid and NaNO2 in a continuous way, in which the n-butanol, an acid and NaNO2 are mixed in a mixing device which provides for a pressure drop of at least 1 bar; the acid is selected from the group consisting of HCI, H2SO4, formic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and mixtures thereof; and the amount of HCI is at least 1.02 molar equivalent based on the molar amount of n-butanol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying raw dinitrotoluenes resulting from dinitration of toluene in the presence of a nitric acid/sulfuric acid/nitrating acid mixture, and a device or plant for performing the method, and a corresponding production plant for producing dinitrotoluene, characterized in that (a) the raw dinitrotoluenes are first subjected to a wash with at least one washing medium after separation of the nitrating acid mixture, followed by a separation of the washing medium; and that (b) subsequently the washed dinitrotoluenes resulting from method step (a) are subjected to stripping (stripping gas treatment) with at least one gas (stripping gas).

Abstract: Process for preparing isophoronediamine, characterized in that A) isophoronenitrile is subjected directly in one stage to aminating hydrogenation to give isophoronediamine in the presence of ammonia, hydrogen, a hydrogenation catalyst and possibly further additions, and in the presence or absence of organic solvents; or B) isophoronenitrile is first converted fully or partly in at least two or more than two stages to isophoronenitrile imine, and this isophoronenitrile imine is subjected to aminating hydrogenation to give isophoronediamine as a pure substance or in a mixture with other components and/or isophoronenitrile, in the presence of at least ammonia, hydrogen and a catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of di- and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series, care being taken during the shutdown of the production process that an excess of aniline and respect to formalin is ensured.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of di- and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series (MDA) from aniline and formaldehyde, care being taken during the start up that a sufficient excess of aniline with respect to formaldehyde is ensured, said excess amounting to at least 105% of the desired molar ratio of aniline to formaldehyde for the target recipe of the MDA to be produced.

Abstract: This invention provides for a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RA, RB, R2 and R4 are defined herein. The compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are cationic lipids useful in the delivery of biologically active agents to cells and tissues.

Abstract: Novel 2,2?-diaminobiaryls having one primary and one secondary amine and an electrochemical process for preparation thereof.

Abstract: Inhibitors of HBV replication of Formula (I) including stereochemically isomeric forms, salts, hydrates and solvates thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 have the meaning as defined herein. The present invention also relates to processes for preparing said compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use, alone or in combination with other HBV inhibitors, in HBV therapy.

Abstract: The compound represented by formula (IV) or a salt thereof has an inhibitory action on an abscisic acid receptor. The compound or the salt thereof can be used as a plant growth regulator. wherein X is an ethylene group, an ethenylene group or an ethynylene group, R1 is a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, and the phenyl group and naphthyl group each optionally have a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C1-6 alkyl group, a C1-6 alkyl group substituted with a halogen atom, a C1-6 alkoxy group, an acetyl group, an amino group, an acetylamino group, a phenyl group and a pentafluorosulfanyl group.