Abstract: A method of removing carbons from a vehicle engine is applied for a carbon removal system of the vehicle engine, and the vehicle engine contains: an atomizer, an oxy-hydrogen carbon cleaning apparatus, an additive storage container, a check valve, an electric-control stop valve, and a flow adjustment valve. The atomizer is in connection with the vehicle engine, the oxy-hydrogen carbon cleaning apparatus is coupled with the atomizer, the additive storage container is joined with the check valve, the additive storage container includes a level gauge accommodated therein, the check valve is connected with the electric control stop valve, the electric control stop valve is coupled with the flow adjustment valve, and the flow adjustment valve is in connection with the atomizer. Accordingly, the additive is added into the oxy-hydrogen carbon cleaning apparatus so as to remove the carbons from the vehicle engine effectively and quickly.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and system for power generation using a high efficiency combustor in combination with a CO2 circulating fluid. The methods and systems advantageously can make use of a low pressure ratio power turbine and an economizer heat exchanger in specific embodiments. Additional low grade heat from an external source can be used to provide part of an amount of heat needed for heating the recycle CO2 circulating fluid. Fuel derived CO2 can be captured and delivered at pipeline pressure. Other impurities can be captured.

Abstract: A combustion system includes a head end comprising a liquid fuel cartridge. The liquid fuel cartridge has liquid fuel injection ports and is configured to produce combustion products via a diffusion flame. A liner is configured to deliver the combustion products from the head end to an aft frame, and an injector having an outlet is located along the liner between the head end and the aft frame. The injector outlet delivers a stream of oxidant inwardly into the liner, such that a mixedness and a velocity of the combustion products are increased prior to the combustion products reaching the aft frame. A method of producing combustion products having characteristics of a premixed flame in a liquid fuel combustion system is also provided herein.

Abstract: A turbine engine comprising includes at least one combustor, a liquid fuel supply system, and a fuel additive injection system. The combustor is configured to combust liquid fuel. The liquid fuel supply system is configured to channel liquid fuel through at least one fuel line to the at least one combustor. The fuel additive injection system is coupled in fluid communication with the liquid fuel supply system. The fuel additive injection system includes a recirculation circuit configured to recirculate at least a portion of liquid fuel to the liquid fuel supply system. The fuel additive injection system is configured to channel chemical additive through the recirculation circuit for mixing with the at least a portion of liquid fuel to generate an additive fuel mixture configured to inhibit coke formation in the liquid fuel supply system.

Abstract: A turbine debris filter apparatus for preventing clogging of cooling holes of a turbine vane, the apparatus including a filter having non-planar geometry configured to be disposed upon a shroud of the turbine vane and a support including an interface to which the filter is attached and an opening for allowing air flow, wherein the interface is configured to receive and support the non-planar geometry and the opening is configured to align with an air inlet of the shroud.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes a compressor section and a turbine section. The turbine section includes a drive turbine and is located downstream of the compressor section. The gas turbine engine also includes a fan mechanically coupled to and rotatable with the drive turbine such that the fan is rotatable by the drive turbine at the same rotational speed as the drive turbine, the fan defining a fan pressure ratio and including a plurality of fan blades, each fan blade defining a fan tip speed. During operation of the gas turbine engine at a rated speed, the fan pressure ratio of the fan is less than 1.5 and the fan tip speed of each of the fan blades is greater than 1,250 feet per second.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a propulsion system including an annular inner wall and an annular outer wall, a nozzle assembly, a turbine nozzle, and an inner casing and an outer casing. The inner wall and outer wall together extend at least partially along a longitudinal direction and together define a combustion chamber inlet, a combustion chamber outlet, and a combustion chamber therebetween. The nozzle assembly is disposed at the combustion inlet and provides a mixture of fuel and oxidizer to the combustion chamber. The turbine nozzle defines a plurality of airfoils in adjacent circumferential arrangement disposed at the combustion chamber outlet. The turbine nozzle is coupled to the outer wall and the inner wall. The inner casing is disposed inward of the inner wall and the outer casing is disposed outward of the outer wall. Each of the inner casing and the outer casing are coupled to the turbine nozzle.

Abstract: A combustor assembly for a gas turbine engine includes a plurality of combustors spaced circumferentially about the gas turbine engine. Each of the combustors is coupled in flow communication with a manifold configured to channel a liquid to the plurality of combustors. A plurality of fuel lines is coupled in flow communication with the manifold. Each fuel line is coupled in flow communication with a respective combustor of the plurality of combustors. In addition, the combustor assembly includes a flow balance system having a plurality of flow balance devices. Each flow balance device is operatively coupled to one of the fuel lines. Each flow balance device is operative to reduce the flow of liquid to the respective combustor.

Abstract: A water feeding system provided with: a first feed water line through which first feed water flows; a second feed water line through which second feed water having a lower pressure than the first feed water flows; a first heater that heats the first feed water; a first feed water introducing line that guides first heated feed water, which is the first feed water that has been heated by the first heater, to the second feed water line; a medium heat exchanger that causes the first heated feed water to exchange heat with a medium, thereby cooling the first heated feed water and heating the medium; and a cooling water injecting line that injects cooling water having a lower temperature than the first heated feed water into the first feed water introducing line, at a position located further to the second feed water line side than the medium heat exchanger.

Abstract: A panel is provided for attenuating noise. This panel includes a perforated first skin, a second skin, an array of corrugations, a first channel, a second channel, a plurality of first sidewalls and a plurality of second sidewalls. The array of corrugations includes a first corrugation and a second corrugation. Each of the corrugations includes a baffle and a septum. The first channel is formed by the baffle of the first corrugation, the septum of the first corrugation and the first skin. The second channel is formed by the baffle of the second corrugation, the septum of the first corrugation and the second skin. The first sidewalls divide the first channel into a plurality of first chambers. The second sidewalls divide the second channel into a plurality of second chambers. A first of the second chambers is fluidly coupled with a subset of the first chambers through perforations in the septum of the first corrugation.

Abstract: The present application provides a variable frequency Helmholtz damper system for use with a combustor of a gas turbine engine. The variable frequency Helmholtz damper system may include one or more Helmholtz dampers and a purge medium temperature control unit for providing a flow of purge medium to the Helmholtz dampers. The purge medium temperature control unit may be in communication with a temperature control fluid flow such that the purge medium temperature control unit may vary the temperature of the flow of purge medium.

Abstract: Apparatus and system for containing a rupture of a duct. The apparatus includes an air-permeable sheet, such as a wide-weave fiberglass sheet. The air-permeable sheet includes a strap arranged on a first side of the sheet such that it forms diamond-shaped patterns along a longitudinal axis. The strap can be made of a tight-weave fiberglass. Laterally-spaced corners of the diamond-shaped patterns include connection members that can be engaged to affix the strap and the air-permeable sheet around a duct. Various aspects include an air-impermeable air barrier surrounding the wide-weave fiberglass sheet and strap. The air barrier can include a window that directs air from a ruptured duct. Various aspects can be used on a bleed-air duct of an aircraft. The window of the air barrier can be aimed at a temperature sensor. A valve can close the bleed-air duct if the temperature sensor detects a high temperature leak.

Abstract: A leakage management assembly for an orifice configured to limit a flow of at least one of a leakage fluid and a cooling fluid past an instrument positioned within the orifice are provided. The leakage management assembly includes a labyrinth ferrule including an annular ferrule body having a central bore extending therethrough. The labyrinth ferrule further includes an annular assembly cone formed at a first end of the labyrinth ferrule. The annular assembly cone includes an annular convergent lip and is configured to facilitate directing the instrument into the central bore. The labyrinth ferrule also includes a plurality of labyrinthine annular restrictions extending from a radially inner surface of the annular body toward the central bore. A combustor and a gas turbine engine including such a seal assembly are also provided.

Abstract: A non-contact seal assembly is provided. The non-contact seal assembly includes a plurality of seal shoes arranged about a centerline in an annular array, the seal shoes including a first seal shoe extending axially along the centerline between a first shoe end and a second shoe end; a seal base circumscribing the annular array of the seal shoes; and a plurality of spring elements, each of the spring elements radially between and connecting a respective one of the seal shoes with the seal base, where the seal base and the plurality of spring elements are formed of a first material and the plurality of seal shoes are formed of a second material, where the first and second materials are joined together and the second material has a density lower than the first material.

Abstract: A non-contact seal assembly includes a plurality of seal shoes arranged about a centerline in an annular array. The seal shoes include a first seal shoe extending axially along the centerline between a first shoe end and a second shoe end. A seal base circumscribes the annular array of the seal shoes. The assembly also includes a plurality of spring elements, each of the spring elements radially between and connecting a respective one of the seal shoes with the seal base. Each of the spring elements comprises a first beam having a first beam thickness and a second beam thickness, where the first and second beam thicknesses are different.

Abstract: A hybrid power or thrust generator including at least one thermodynamic turbine engine and at least one electric power generator. An electric power generator is electrically connected to at least one electric motor, mechanically and rotatably coupled to one or more rotating portions of the thermodynamic turbine engine, and the electric power generator operates simultaneously with the thermodynamic engine so as to supply the electric motor(s) to reduce the power drawn from the turbines of the thermodynamic turbine engine in operation. The electric power generator may comprise a thermoacoustic engine driving a linear electric alternator. The generator is advantageously implemented in a vehicle, such as an aircraft.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes first and second shafts rotatable about a common axis. A first turbine section is supported on the first shaft. Second compressor and turbine sections are supported on the second shaft. The gas turbine engine includes a fan. A first compressor section is arranged in an axial flow relationship with the second compressor and the first and second turbines. A geared architecture operatively connects the first shaft and the fan. An inducer operative couples to the gear train.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for monitoring torque delivery in a variable displacement engine using air flow metered via a throttle body model. During conditions when air flow estimation can be inaccurate, such as at wide open throttle, an induction ratio applied to the engine is constrained to 1.0, even if the operator torque demand is low. VDE degradation is inferred based on the commanded induction ratio relative to an actual induction ratio estimated based on the torque delivery.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided including a cylinder including a piston connected to a rotatable crankshaft, an exhaust guide being arranged to guide a gas flow from the cylinder, an adjustable flow restriction element arranged to restrict the flow through the exhaust guide, an exhaust valve arranged to control a communication between the cylinder and the exhaust guide, and an exhaust valve actuation assembly for actuating the exhaust valve so as to perform in each of a plurality of cycles of the cylinder an exhaust valve actuation sequence, wherein the exhaust valve actuation assembly is adapted to control the commencement of the exhaust valve actuation sequence to occur selectively at any crankshaft angle within a non-zero crankshaft angle interval.

Abstract: A dual-fuel injector for an internal combustion engine, including a first injection device for injecting a first fuel and at least one second injection device, arranged radially outward from the first injection device, for injecting a second fuel, wherein the second fuel is different from the first fuel, and further including a first connection for supplying the first fuel and a second connection for supplying the second fuel. The first connection is fluidically connected to the first injection device in order to supply the gaseous first fuel and the second connection is fluidically connected to the second injection device in order to supply the liquid second fuel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multi-fuel engine comprising a primary fuel supply and at least a secondary fuel supply. The primary and at least secondary fuels are arranged to mix with each other and with air for combustion in one or more cylinders of the engine in use. One or more electronic control units (ECU) are provided to control one or more supply characteristics of the primary and/or at least secondary fuel(s) in use. The engine includes a mass air flow (MAF) sensing means. At least one of the ECUs is arranged to receive one or more signals from the MAF sensing means to control, at least partially, one or more supply characteristics of the primary fuel. In addition, the ECU and/or a further ECU is arranged to receive one or more signals from the MAF sensing means to control, at least partially, one or more supply characteristics of the at least secondary fuel.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine including a control device, at least one combustion chamber, and at least one injector for injecting liquid fuel into the at least one combustion chamber is provided. The injector can be controlled by the control device by means of an actuator control signal. An algorithm is stored in the control device, which algorithm receives the actuator control signal and using an injector model calculates the amount of liquid fuel that is discharged via the discharge opening of the injector and compares the amount of liquid fuel calculated by means of the injector model with a desired target value of the amount of liquid fuel. Depending on the result of the comparison, the control device leaves the actuator control signal the same or corrects it.

Abstract: A hand-held power tool comprising an internal combustion engine (4), a working tool (6), a centrifugal clutch (8), and a control system (10) is disclosed. The engine (4) has a clutch-in speed, above which the engine (4) drives the working tool (6). The control system (10) comprises a rotation speed sensor (12), and a speed limitation controller (14), which is configured to limit an engine speed at a limitation speed below the clutch-in speed. It is active or activated during a starting procedure of the internal combustion engine (4). The control system (10) is configured to deactivate the speed limitation controller (14) upon sensing at least one acceleration at a level above the limitation speed and sensing at least one deceleration at a level above the limitation speed, such that the engine (4) is rotatable above the limitation speed to drive the working tool (6).

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for adjusting a compression ratio of a variable compression ratio (VCR) engine during engine shutdown. In one example, a method (or system) may include actuating a VCR mechanism from a higher compression ratio setting to a lower compression ratio setting after a last combustion event and before the engine spins down to rest. In this way, engine shake, for example, due to piston bounce-back, may be reduced.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, a computer program, an engine intake system, and a vehicle are provided. The method is for controlling an air charge provided to a vehicular engine. The method comprises determining a target valve lift of an inlet valve in a continuously variable valve lift system based, at least in part, on: a required air charge for a given torque request; and an estimate of a variable pressure of an engine intake manifold for a time when the inlet valve is to be actuated in accordance with the target valve lift. The method also comprises controlling actuation of the inlet valve in the continuously variable valve lift system in accordance with the determined target valve lift.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a canister for a vehicle. The canister includes a body, an adsorbent, and a weight sensing device. The body defines therein a housing space. The adsorbent is housed in the housing space. The adsorbent temporarily traps fuel vapors generated in a fuel tank for the vehicle. The weight sensing device detects a physical quantity associated with weight of the fuel vapors trapped by the adsorbent. The weight sensing device outputs the detected physical quantity.

Abstract: Unlike similar internal combustion engines that vary the fuel-air mixture, the Augmented Compression Engine (ACE) first and foremost sets and maintains an optimal stoichiometric fuel to air ratio, relying upon various implementations of Boyle's law to attain ignition of the stoichiometric fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber while varying quantities of the fuel-air mixture to adjust output power. An ACE uses fuel-air mixed prior to attainment of auto-ignition temperatures in the combustion chamber, compresses it and achieves ignition by an ignition source or use of compression heating the fuel-air to its auto-ignition temperature. Since different quantities of the fuel-air mix are needed for different loads (power outputs), to maintain reliable ignition the ACE uses one or more of: varying intake pressure; valve timing; recycled exhaust or other implementations of Boyle's law for adjusting compression such as, injected matter, modifying fuel or changing of combustion chamber volume.

Abstract: A low-pressure loop EGR device for an engine with a supercharger, EGR passage, and EGR valve. An ECU controls the EGR valve to fully close, the intake valve to fully open, and the throttle valve to open at a sonic opening degree during deceleration and fuel cut-off. The ECU obtains an actual opening degree of the throttle valve based on the detected intake amount and a predetermined reference formula of valve passing flow rate. The ECU performs correction control of the throttle valve based on a throttle opening degree correction value learned from a difference of the actual opening degree and the predetermined opening degree. The ECU obtains an actual opening degree of the intake valve similarly to the above, and performs correction control of the intake valve based on an intake opening degree correction value learned by the difference between the actual opening degree and the predetermined opening degree.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for operating a split exhaust engine system that provides blowthrough air and exhaust gas recirculation to an intake passage via a first exhaust manifold and exhaust gas to an exhaust passage via a second exhaust manifold. In one example, a first set of exhaust valves coupled to the first exhaust manifold may be operated at a different timing than a second set of exhaust valves coupled to the second exhaust manifold. Further, a position of a first valve positioned in a first passage coupled between the intake passage and the first exhaust manifold and/or a timing of the first set of exhaust valves may be diagnosed based on an output of a pressure sensor positioned in the first exhaust manifold.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting and controlling knock in an engine are presented. In one example, engine knock sensors are selected based on whether or not certain cylinders are activated and combusting air and fuel or deactivated and not combusting air and fuel. Output of selected knock sensors is the basis for adjusting engine spark timing.

Abstract: Provided is an engine control device that can suppress an increase in PM/PN in an engine that performs a catalyst warm-up mode. To do so, the engine control device according to the present invention synchronously controls ignition timing and an actual compression ratio of the engine in the catalyst warm-up mode.

Abstract: A method for controlling an actuator system of a motor vehicle includes utilizing a model predictive control (MPC) module with an MPC solver to determine optimal positions of a plurality of actuators subject to constraints, optimizing a cost function for a set of actuator duty cycles for controlling positions of the plurality of actuators, determining if the MPC solver has determined optimal actuator positions for the plurality of actuators, and applying a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) solution if the MPC solver fails to determine optimal actuator positions for the plurality of actuators.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided. The internal combustion engine includes a control device, and at least one injector for liquid fuel. The injector(s) can be controlled by the control device via an actuator control signal. The injector(s) include an injector outlet opening for the liquid fuel which can be closed by a needle. A sensor is also provided for measuring a measurement variable of the injector(s). The sensor is or can be in a signal connection with the control device. An algorithm is stored in the control device, which algorithm calculates a state of the injector(s) based on input variables and an injector model, compares the state calculated via the injector model with a target state, and produces a state signal in accordance therewith. The state signal is characteristic of a change in the state of the injector(s) that occurs during intended use of the injector(s) and/or an unforeseen change in the state of the injector(s).

Abstract: An air fuel ratio control apparatus controls an air fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine. The apparatus includes an upstream sensor measuring the air fuel ratio of exhaust gas in an exhaust passage at an upstream side of a purification catalyst; a downstream sensor measuring the air fuel ratio of the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage at a downstream side of the purification catalyst; and a control unit that adjusts an amount of fuel supplied to the internal combustion engine, thereby controlling the air fuel ratio measured at the upstream sensor to be a target air fuel ratio. The control unit performs a calibration control where a calibration value corresponding to the air fuel ratio deviation is added to or subtracted from the target air fuel ratio such that the air fuel ratio deviation approaches zero.

Abstract: A method for testing a moisture sensor of a diesel engine includes: measuring, by an NOx sensor, an untreated NOx emissions content in exhaust gas of the diesel engine upstream of a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalytic converter at particular steady-state operating points in a defined window, to obtain an actual concentration value of NOx emissions; determining an oxygen concentration in intake air from an intake pipe of the diesel engine, and converting the result obtained from the determination, by a characteristic curve, into an NOx concentration to obtain a model value of NOx concentration; comparing the actual value with the model value; and identifying a faulty condition of the moisture sensor if a deviation that exceeds a set value (R) is detected between the actual and model values.

Abstract: A fuel injection controller is applied to a fuel injector injecting fuel to be combusted in an internal combustion engine by an open-valve operation of the valve body according to an electromagnetic suction force generated by an energization of a coil. The fuel injection controller controls an injection state of the fuel injector by controlling a coil current flowing through the coil. The fuel injection controller includes an increasing control portion which increases the coil current to a first target value, a holding control portion which holds the coil current increased by the increasing control portion to the first target value, and a changing portion which changes the first target value according to the operation state of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: In a method for operating an internal combustion engine with intake manifold injection and direct injection, a value of at least one parameter that is correlated with an exhaust gas of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine and that is influenced by purging of uncombusted fuel through the combustion chamber into the exhaust gas is ascertained, and, if it is concluded, based on the ascertained value of the at least one parameter, that uncombusted fuel is purged, at least one operating parameter for filling the combustion chamber is adjusted.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle control apparatus which can output, to the outside, a signal input from a sensor to an arithmetic processing unit while keeping delay at a lower level. An ECU (vehicle control apparatus) includes an arithmetic processing unit having a pair of an input port and an output port assigned to a sensor signal indicating a signal output from a sensor. The arithmetic processing unit performs arithmetic processing by using the sensor signal input from the input port, and outputs the sensor signal from the output port.

Abstract: A cylinder bore wall thermal it includes bore wall insulating sections provided for each of bore walls of cylinder bores and for insulating a wall surface on the cylinder bore side of the groove-like cooling water channel and a supporting section to which the bore wall insulating sections are framed. The bore wall insulating, sections include rubber members for covering the wall surface on the cylinder bore side of the groove-like cooling water channel, rear surface pressing members provided on rear surface sides of the rubber members and for pressing the entire rubber members toward the wall surface on the cylinder bore side of the groove-like cooling water channel from the rear side, and elastic members that urge the rear surface pressing members to press the rubber members toward the wall surface on the cylinder bore side of the groove-like cooling water channel.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for an exhaust assembly for a turbine engine including a reverse flow portion. The exhaust assembly can include an exhaust stub extending between an exhaust collector and an exhaust outlet to define an exhaust conduit having the reverse flow portion. A flow of combustion gases can exit the engine and travel through the exhaust assembly. The exhaust assembly can be applied to a turboprop engine.

Abstract: A combustor and a rocket engine include an injection device that injects an oxidizing agent and fuel from an injecting surface, a combustion chamber that generates combustion gas by burning the oxidizing agent and the fuel injected from the injection device, a resonator communicatively connected with the combustion chamber via a communication passage, and a perforated plate provided in the communication passage.

Abstract: A high-pressure fuel supply pump including an electromagnetically driven intake valve is configured such that a pressure equalizing hole is provided in the valve stopper positioned between the valve and a pressurizing chamber. The pressure equalization hole connects a spring storage space, provided between a valve and a valve stopper, with a surrounding fluid passage. The high-pressure fuel supply pump is further configured such that an opening of the pressure equalizing hole at the spring storage chamber side is open at a position at the inner side of a diameter of the spring. Since the pressure in the pressurizing chamber can be introduced into the inner side of the spring without traversing the spring, the unstable behavior of the spring or the valve due to the introduced pressure eliminated. Since the force applied to the valve when the valve closes is stabilized, the closing timing of the valve is stable.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods are provided for improving fuel distribution in gas fired reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICE) that use direct inject fuel gas injector systems. The systems, methods, and devices facilitate directing fuel flow into a combustion chamber of the engine, which can create a more homogenous fuel/air mixture, resulting in more efficient combustion and a reduction in NOx, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon monoxide (CO), emissions.

Abstract: A gaseous fuel injector for supplying gaseous fuel to a gaseous fuel combustion engine includes an injector housing which receives an injector assembly and supplies gaseous fuel thereto. The injector housing has an inlet at a first end, a nozzle with an outlet at a second open end and a chamber between the inlet and the outlet. The injector housing includes an ignition arrangement at the second open end.

Abstract: A controller controls a vaporized fuel treatment device including a sealing valve that is disposed in a vapor passage between a fuel tank and a canister and includes a valve element that moves forward and backward in an axial direction with respect to a valve seat. The controller executes a learning of a valve opening start position of the sealing valve based on a change in an internal pressure of the fuel tank when changing an axial distance between the valve element and the valve seat. The controller stores a command value of the axial distance just before an interruption of the learning of the valve opening start position in response to the interruption during an execution of the learning. The controller executes the learning of the valve opening start position while using the command value of the axial distance just before the interruption as an initial command value when a next learning timing is arrived after the interruption.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes an evaporative emission control canister system that includes: one or more canisters comprising at least one vent-side particulate adsorbent volume comprising a particulate adsorbent having microscopic pores with a diameter of less than about 100 nm; macroscopic pores having a diameter of about 100-100,000 nm; and a ratio of a volume of the macroscopic pores to a volume of the microscopic pores that is greater than about 150%, and having a retentivity of about 1.0 g/dL or less. The system may further include a high butane working capacity adsorbent. The disclosure also describes a method for reducing emissions in an evaporative emission control system.

Abstract: Apparatus (60) for supplying power to a hydrogen generator (1) to generate hydrogen for supply to an engine (90) is described. The apparatus (60) includes a power supply circuit and a processor (64). The processor (64) receives an input signal (73), the input signal (73) representing a magnitude of an operating parameter of the engine (90). The processor (64) controls the power supply circuit to change an output current of the power supply circuit for the hydrogen generator (1) in response to changes in the input signal (73).

Abstract: A surgical frame and method for use thereof is provided. The surgical frame is capable of reconfiguration before, during, or after surgery. The surgical frame includes a main beam that can be rotated, raised/lowered, and tilted upwardly/downwardly to afford positioning and repositioning of a patient supported thereon. The main beam is capable of be reconfigured between a left configuration and a right configuration to support the patient in different positions thereon.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (1) having a cylinder (5) having a rearwardly slanted axial line is provided with a plurality of cylindrical cyclone dust collection units (34) commonly connected to an upstream end of a filter dust collection unit (35). Each cyclone dust collection unit includes a main body (44, 45) internally defining a separation chamber (45C), and having an air inlet (31) communicating with outside and an air outlet (73) communicating with the filter dust collection unit, and the separation chamber is provided with a dust ejection hole (45D) directed tangentially in an obliquely forward direction. Thereby, dust ejected from the dust ejection hole is ejected away from the operator of the engine, and is prevented from depositing on the engine.

Abstract: A filter housing of a fluid filter has a housing body with inlet and outlet openings for fluid. The housing body has an element receptacle for a filter element that separates inlet opening from outlet opening. The housing body has an installation opening providing access to the element receptacle in an installation direction and enabling insertion of the filter element into the element receptacle. The installation opening is arranged at a transverse side of the housing body laterally relative to a housing axis that is transverse to the installation direction. A housing cover closes off the installation opening. The housing body has a sealing surface contacting a seal of the filter element when inserted in the element receptacle and surrounding the housing axis at least partially circumferentially. A fall-out protection device prevents the filter element from falling out of the element receptacle when the installation opening is open.