Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus [10] and method for controlling the orientation of a suspended load. The apparatus consists of a closed loop pipe [11] containing a fluid volume attachable to a suspended load and at least one pump for circulating the fluid volume in the pipe. A control unit [17] is operable to receive at least one input direction signal. The apparatus includes a control unit which is configured to generate a control signal to activate the at least one pump to control the flow of the fluid volume in the pipe and thereby impart a rotational force on the pipe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a [crane], particularly crawler crane or mobile crane, with at least one monitoring and simulation means, by means of which a state of the crane can be monitored and/or simulated, wherein the monitoring and simulation means comprise at least one input means and at least one output means, and wherein, by means of the monitoring and simulation means, the change in state, particularly the bearing load curve of the crane, and particularly also the movement of the crane and/or of the boom of the crane, can be represented at any time, and/or a possible state and/or a possible change in state of the crane, particularly the bearing load curve of the crane, can be simulated and/or represented.

Abstract: A winch controller for a hoisting apparatus for a wireline operation operates as a closed loop controller. The winch controller is adapted to control a winch or, if included, a winch and a capstan in a coordinated manner. The winch controller may utilize process variables including the tension of the cable between the winch and the capstan. The controller is coupled to a power pack adapted to power the winch and capstan. The power pack and controller are configured such that the capstan may be selectively removed from the system when it is not needed.

Abstract: A lifting assembly for a lift truck with a lifting mast having at least one mast frame and a load part, as well as a lift drive having at least one lifting chain that lifts the mast frame, is attached to the mast frame at a connecting point and is guided across a deflection point. The lifting assembly includes at least one tensioning component that is arranged on the mast frame between the connecting point and deflection point of the lifting chain.

Abstract: An asymmetrical gusseted clamp assembly configured to be coupled to a lift truck and comprising a frame, two clamp jaws and two actuators. The clamp jaws each have gussets of different size to allow the two actuators to be separated vertically by a central gap, which is defined on the sides by two frame vertical beams. The central gap is of significant width so that the operator of the lift truck has a useable widow through which to view. As the configuration of the asymmetrical gusseted clamp assembly changes from open to closed, at no time is a majority of the view through the central gap obscured by the clamp jaws.

Abstract: An automatic wax dipping system is an apparatus that dips multiple bottles into wax without the manual input of a user. The apparatus includes a basin, a first receptacle, a second receptacle, a first set of heating elements, a track mechanism, and a motorized belt. The basin upholds components of the apparatus. The first receptacle houses oil and the second receptacle houses wax. The first set of heating elements heat the oil which in turn heats the wax. The track mechanism includes a plurality of rails and an at least one motorized belt. The plurality of rails upholds multiple bottles and directs the path of multiple bottles across the present invention. The at least one motorized belt forces the multiple bottles through the plurality of rails in specific lengthwise sections where the multiple bottles may require additional force.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include apparatus for filling containers and related methods. In an embodiment, an apparatus includes a rotary turret assembly rotatably coupled to a filler frame. The rotary turret assembly can include a rotary base and a plurality of hollow columns mounted on the rotary base and arranged in a circle. A plurality of piston assemblies can be configured to move up and down within the hollow columns. Each piston assembly can include a piston body and a top hat assembly configured to releasably engage the top of the piston body. The piston body and the top hat assembly can release from one another when a release lever is engaged. Rotation of the rotary column group causes the cam contact members of the piston assemblies to move over a surface of a cam track causing vertical movement of the top hat assemblies. Other embodiments are included herein.

Abstract: A fluid dispensing assembly, including a valve, a housing, a user interface, and a fitting to couple to a fluid source. The valve may include a first sensor detecting proper placement of the fluid container based on a magnetic material positioned at the bottom of the fluid container, a plunger having a plunger shaft coupled thereto, the plunger selectively placing the valve in fluid communication with the fluid container, and a solenoid coupled to the plunger shaft and moving the plunger shaft to transition the plunger between an open position and a closed position. The user interface may be coupled to the valve to enable selection of at least a fluid container size and a dispensing mode.

Abstract: Dispensing assembly (10) for beverage from a container (1), comprising an outlet channel (8) for beverage and a valve body (16) operable to open and close said outlet channel (8), wherein the channel defines a direction of flow of the beverage towards an outlet end (13), and wherein the valve body (16) is provided at or near the outlet end (13) of the outlet channel (8) and has a shape with a base (21) facing in a direction against the direction of flow and a tip (22) with an end facing in the direction of flow, wherein the tip, between the base and the end, has an outwardly curved outer surface (24), such that beverage engaging the base (21) can be guided from the base over the outer surface (24) to the end forming a beverage jet when leaving the surface at or near said end.

Abstract: Crossover protection system graphical user interfaces, crossover protection systems that display graphical user interfaces, and methods for pairing tank delivery connectors with product delivery vehicle systems are provided. A tank delivery connector reads a tank tag with a tank tag reader, and transmits a tank tag indicator associated with the tank tag with network interface hardware. An electronic control unit receives the tank tag indicator with network interface hardware, determines a distribution tank fuel type associated with a distribution tank based on the tank tag indicator, determines that the tank delivery connector is associated with a tank compartment of a product delivery vehicle based on the tank tag indicator, and displays a graphical user interface on the display. The graphical user interface includes a tank delivery connector graphic displayed proximate a tank compartment graphic to indicate that the tank delivery connector is associated with the first tank compartment.

Abstract: A fuel-urea injection apparatus including a common inlet for a vehicle may include a filler neck including the common inlet, into which a fuel injection nozzle and a urea injection nozzle, are inserted, a detector detecting whether the injection nozzle inserted into the filler neck is the fuel injection nozzle or the urea injection nozzle, a switchover valve mounted at a common injection pipe connected to the filler neck, a urea injection pipe connected between a urea outlet of the switchover valve and a urea tank, a fuel injection pipe connected between a fuel outlet of the switchover valve and a fuel tank, and a controller controlling an operation of the switchover valve in accordance with the injection nozzle detected by the detector as being inserted into the filler neck to supply either fuel or urea to the corresponding outlet of the fuel and urea outlets.

Abstract: An electronic cigarette vaporizer is not dis-assembled for filling with e-liquid, but is instead filled from a user-replaceable e-liquid cartridge. The vaporizer includes a front section comprising a wick and heating assembly but no e-liquid cartridge, the front section being removably fitted to a body of the vaporizer to enable a replacement front section to be used once the original wick or heating element starts to degrade, that replacement front section being supplied to the end-user with no e-liquid in it.

Abstract: An equestrian saddle includes a tree made of a substantially rigid material and defining a substantially vertical longitudinal center plane, a seating surface for the user, which is associated to the tree, and a pair of flaps arranged on opposite sides from the vertical plane and connected to the tree in a connection area proximate to the seating surface. Each flap includes at least one edge element having an outer surface with a relatively high friction coefficient for providing a grip on the user's leg. Each of the edge elements at least partially extends toward the connection area and is made of a material having a greater stiffness than the flaps for locally increasing resistance to wear caused by the user's leg rubbing thereon.

Abstract: A flexible film including one or more MEMS elements and articles including the flexible film are described. The flexible film includes a polymer layer between two metal layers with one of the metal layers containing a perforation. The polymer layer includes voided regions that allow for relative movement of the two metal layers.

Abstract: An electromechanical transducer of the present invention includes a first electrode, a vibrating membrane formed above the first electrode through a gap, a second electrode formed on the vibrating membrane, and an insulating protective layer formed on a surface of the second electrode side. A region where the protective layer is not formed is present on at least part of a surface of the vibrating membrane.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a hybrid nanoparticle comprising a metallic core and at least one lipophilic dendron attached to the surface of the metallic core, and methods of producing such hybrid nanoparticles. The present disclosure also relates to films containing the hybrid nanoparticles described herein.

Abstract: There are provided an easily producible catalyst particle-holding structure used for production of carbon nanotubes, and a method for producing the same. The method for producing the catalyst particle-holding structure of the present invention used for production of carbon nanotubes includes a step of forming a catalyst particle forming layer containing Si, Al, and Fe, and a step of performing a heat treatment on the catalyst particle forming layer in an atmosphere containing oxygen, to form catalyst particles containing Fe. The catalyst particles are held by the catalyst particle forming layer so that the catalyst particles are partially embedded in the catalyst particle forming layer. The size and the number of the catalyst particles containing Fe are controlled by adjusting the amount of oxygen contained in the atmosphere for the heat treatment. Thus, the catalyst particle-holding structure is formed easily.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of hydrogen, comprising catalytically decomposing a concentrated aqueous solution of potassium formate in a reaction vessel to form bicarbonate slurry and hydrogen, discharging the hydrogen from said reaction vessel, and treating a mixture comprising the bicarbonate slurry and the catalyst with an oxidizer, thereby regenerating the catalyst. Pd/C catalysts useful in the process are also described.

Abstract: A method for producing elemental carbon and hydrogen gas directly from a hydrocarbon (for example, natural gas or methane) using a chemical reaction or series of reactions. In an aspect, other materials involved such as, for example, elemental magnesium, remain unchanged and function as a catalyst.

Abstract: A multi-channel upright reformer for a fuel cell is provided, which has a simple structure by breaking from an existing complicated channel structure to allow fluids such as fuel and vapor to be stably flow, thereby improving durability and achieving an efficient reforming reaction and an efficient operation of the fuel cell. A method for manufacturing compactly a reformer by minimizing an area where heat exchange is performed and expand of a fuel cell due to the resulting decrease in manufacturing cost. Also a reformer for semipermanently using by frequently exchanging a catalyst used in a reforming reaction and supply the reformer at a low price by significantly decreasing cost consumed for the catalyst is provided.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for producing syngas with an adjustable molar CO/H2 ratio. Syngas can have different proportions of CO and H2 (molar CO/H2 ratio) depending on the type and composition of starting materials. To set the desired molar CO/H2 ratio, a first sub-process is combined with at least one additional sub-process selected from: a sub-process T2 by which a second syngas B is generated from the starting material, the syngas having a molar ratio (V2) of CO to H2, wherein V1?V2; a sub-process T3 by which the hydrocarbon(s) of the hydrocarbon-containing starting material is/are split substantially into solid carbon and hydrogen; and a sub-process T4 based on the reaction equation: CO+H2O?2CO2+H2. The methods and devices are suitable for producing syngas useful as a starting material in a plurality of chemical syntheses, for example oxo, Fischer-Tropsch, or Reppe syntheses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for generating oxygen, comprising at least one oxygen source selected from chlorates and perchlorates, to an oxygen generator comprising such a composition, and a method for generating oxygen by decomposing such a composition. The present invention further relates to the use of zeolite compounds as multifunctional components in the oxygen generating compositions.

Abstract: The present invention has as its object the provision of an ozone generator that can generate ozone with high efficiency. The ozone generator of the present invention includes: source gas supply means for supplying a source gas containing oxygen; a gas flow channel forming member for forming a gas flow channel through which the source gas from the source gas supply means flows; and an ultraviolet light source for emitting ultraviolet light, the ultraviolet light source being disposed in the gas flow channel. The ozone generator irradiates the source gas flowing through the gas flow channel with the ultraviolet light from the ultraviolet light source to cause the oxygen in the source gas to absorb the ultraviolet light and thereby generate ozone. The ultraviolet light source comprises an excimer lamp for emitting ultraviolet light with a wavelength of not more than 200 nm. A flow rate of the source gas in a region where the ultraviolet light source is disposed in the gas flow channel is not lower than 0.1 m/s.

Abstract: The present invention provides a means of producing nitric oxide (NO) by photolysis of nitrous oxide (N2O) at ultraviolet wavelengths. One application is the production of a known concentration of NO in a diluent gas for calibration of analytical instruments that measure nitric oxide in gases such as exhaled breath, ambient air and automobile exhaust. A potentially important medical application is the production of NO for inhalation therapy, an advantage being that very little toxic NO2 gas is produced. The method is useful for producing NO for industrial applications as well. Advantages of this method of NO production include the use of a single, inexpensive, readily available reagent gas of very low toxicity. Furthermore, the concentration of NO produced can be easily controlled by varying the ultraviolet (UV) lamp intensity and relative gas flow rates.

Abstract: A method of obtaining helium from a process gas. The process gas is at a pressure less than 15 bar to a first membrane separation stage having a first membrane more readily permeable for helium than for at least one other component in the process gas. A first retentate stream is fed to a second membrane separation stage having a second membrane more readily permeable for helium than for at least one other component in the process gas. Helium is separated from a first helium-containing permeate stream using a pressure swing adsorption to obtain a helium-containing product stream. A second helium-containing permeate stream is recycled to the first membrane separation stage. A purge gas from the pressure swing adsorption is also recycled to the first membrane separation stage.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube film includes an assembly of a plurality of carbon nanotubes, wherein the plurality of carbon nanotubes includes one or more carbon nanotubes having at least partially collapsed structures. A method for producing a carbon nanotube film includes forming a carbon nanotube film by removing a solvent from a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid containing the solvent, a dispersant, and a plurality of carbon nanotubes including one or more carbon nanotubes having at least partially collapsed structures.

Abstract: Functionalized reduced graphene oxide (functionalized rGO), and a method of producing the same are provided. The functionalized reduced graphene oxide comprises reduced graphene oxide which is fluorinated and co-doped with at least one co-dopant selected from the group consisting of B, N and S.

Abstract: There is provided trichlorosilane purification technology in which it is unnecessary to discharge large amounts of chlorosilanes oat of the system in the production of high-purity trichlorosilane from a chlorosilane fraction containing hydrocarbons and in which the reaction control can also be easily performed. In the present invention, the step of converting hydrocarbons contained in a chlorosilane fraction into low-boiling materials by thermal decomposition has been provided in the purification system in order to easily separate the hydrocarbons. Thereby, the conversion of hydrocarbons into low-boiling materials by thermal decomposition and the separation are performed in the trichlorosilane purification cycle, and it is unnecessary to discharge large amounts of chlorosilanes out of the system. As a result, the trichlorosilane production efficiency is increased, and the problem of yield reduction of polycrystalline silicon does not arise either.

Abstract: A deaerated talc may include micronized, talc powder having a Hegman rating of 4.0 or greater. A deaerated talc may include micronized talc powder having enough cohesive strength for form agglomerations measuring 100 millimeters or less, 75 millimeters or less, or 50 millimeters or less. A deaerated talc product may include a micronized talc powder, and a bag containing the deaerated talc. The micronized talc powder may be deaerated via application of force to the micronized talc powder in at least two directions, including a first direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the bag and a second direction.

Abstract: Iron-based crystal structures including FeO4 tetrahedrally coordinated in three dimensions in a framework analogous to a zeolite. The structures having the general formula AyB8Fe12O24(O/OH)6.xH2O in which A is Na, K, Cs, Rb or a combination thereof and B is an alkaline earth element or a combination of alkaline earth elements.

Abstract: The hybrid desalination system is a desalination system for seawater which uses both filtering and treatment from a reverse osmosis filter system as well as evaporative distillation for the production of potable water. The hybrid desalination system includes a recovery system, which may be a reverse osmosis system, a forward osmosis system, or a combination thereof, for at least partially desalinating a volume of saltwater and outputting a treated fluid. A boiler is in fluid communication with the recovery system for receiving the treated fluid and producing pure water by evaporative desalination. The boiler includes an internal heating coil for passing a heated working fluid therethrough. A collection tank is in communication with to the boiler for receiving the pure water. At least one solar parabolic trough is in fluid communication with the internal heating coil of the boiler for heating the heated working fluid.

Abstract: Various ultraviolet (UV) reactors and their methods of fabrication are disclosed. One exemplary process comprises forming a set of parallel channels in a slab of ultraviolet transparent material. The process also comprises providing a reactor substrate with an input manifold and an output manifold. The process also comprises joining the slab of ultraviolet transparent material and the reactor substrate. The input manifold, output manifold, and set of parallel channels are in fluid communication after the joining step. The process also comprises providing a planar ultraviolet light source isolated from the set of parallel channels by the shaped slab of ultraviolet-transparent material. The set of parallel channels and a defining plane of the planar ultraviolet light source are parallel in the assembled ultraviolet reactor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for locally delivery of hundreds of liters of water to at least one household, the method including transporting a trailer carrier by a private car or vehicle to the at least one household, the trailer carrier housing a filling apparatus, a water filter apparatus, a delivery apparatus, a water container in fluid connection with the filling apparatus and with the delivery apparatus, a portable electricity generator, an un-interruptible power supply, an inverter, a battery pack and a solar panel, providing continuous current to the inverter for continuous function of the filling apparatus and delivering the hundreds of liters of water from the water container to the at least one household.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for capturing a contaminant present in a body of water that includes a collection media for capturing the contaminant and a structure. The collection media has a first end secured to the structure. The collection media has a second buoyant end disposed opposite the first end wherein buoyant end is a free end. The structure does not float at the water surface and holds the first end of the collection media below the buoyant second end in the water column. When the apparatus is deployed in a water column having a depth greater than the height of the apparatus, the apparatus is selectively positioned in the water column at a desired height. A method of employing the collection media is also disclosed.

Abstract: A water treatment system comprises an electrolytic cell comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode comprising a coating of polymer comprising structural units of formula I and a power source for powering the first and the second electrodes; wherein R1 is independently at each occurrence a C1-C6 alkyl radical or —SO3H; R2 is independently at each occurrence a C1-C6 alkyl radical; a is independently at each occurrence an integer ranging from 0 to 4; and b is independently at each occurrence an integer ranging from 0 to 3. An associated method is also described.

Abstract: A composite water purification apparatus and method thereof are provided. The composite water purification apparatus includes a container, a sacrificial anode, a photocatalyst anode and a cathode. The container is employed for receiving liquid including water and gas. The photocatalyst anode includes a photocatalyst for conducting a photocatalytic reaction. The cathode is electrolyzed with the sacrificial anode and the photocatalyst anode. The cathode, the sacrificial anode, and the photocatalyst anode are immersed in the container to contact the liquid. The present invention enhances the purity of the water, while prolonging the service life of the sacrificial anode.

Abstract: A central controller is used in a treatment method and system for removing at least one of nitrogen or phosphorus from wastewater. Based on data received from a plurality of sensors, each of which is coupled to a component of a wastewater treatment system, a control signal is sent from the central controller to at least one chemical delivery system, which dispenses at least one chemical compound into the wastewater in an amount effective to reduce the level of nitrogen or phosphorus in the wastewater.

Abstract: An object is to provide a pretreatment device of seawater capable of growing and maintaining a biofilm in a good state on each of a plurality of filters connected in series, by supplying nutrients appropriately to the filters. A pretreatment device of seawater is used in removing salt from the seawater to obtain freshwater, and includes: a supply duct (21) through which the seawater is to be supplied; a plurality of filters (16) including a particulate filtering material and a biofilm; connecting tubes (23) which connect the plurality of filters in series; a plurality of bypass tubes (24) each of which connects corresponding one of the plurality of filters to the supply duct; and a plurality of regulating valves (26) each of which is disposed in corresponding one of the plurality of bypass tubes to regulate a flow rate.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for improving permeability and flux in a membrane filtration system, especially in water or wastewater treatment processes.

Abstract: A biosludge treatment system includes: a fracture unit including a fracture tank formed with a fracture chamber, a first circulation pipeline in fluidic communication with the fracture chamber, and an inner circulation sub-unit disposed in the fracture chamber and in fluidic communication with the first circulation pipeline; a pre-mixing unit mounted downstream of the fracture unit and including a pre-mixing tank formed with a pre-mixing chamber, a fracture chamber-connecting conduit in fluidic communication with the fracture chamber and the pre-mixing chamber; and a lysis unit mounted downstream of the pre-mixing unit and including a lysis tank formed with a lysis chamber, a second circulation pipeline in fluidic communication with the pre-mixing chamber-connecting conduit and the lysis chamber.

Abstract: A system for improving sludge water into ecological water system, including a water area separator, a sludge dehydrator and a water filtration device, the water area separator separates the water area to be treated by a water barrier, the sludge dehydrator dehydrates the sludge by a centrifugal sieve; the water filtration device includes a suction pipe, a water pump, an inlet pipe, a filter bag, a steel cage and a drainage pipe. The system for improving sludge water into ecological water system has the mechanism of to separate the water area by the water area separator, then rapidly dehydrate the sludge by the sludge dehydrator, remove sundries from the treated sludge water by the water filtration device, and finally drains the water filtered after adding microbubbles, and thus to realize the improvement of sludge water into ecological water system.

Abstract: An optical element molding mold set includes a first mold and a second mold that are opposite to each other, and a third mold that is located on an outer periphery of a cavity between the first mold and the second mold, and an inner peripheral surface of the third mold has different friction coefficients between one side and another side in an opposite direction of the first mold and the second mold.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus and method for modifying the shape of a hollow structure. The method may comprise steps of providing a hollow structure having a cross-section with first and second diameters defining a first aspect ratio; heating at least a part of the hollow structure to at least its glass transition temperature, forming a malleable hollow structure; maintaining a positive pressure inside the malleable hollow structure to form a pressurized hollow structure; and pressing against a first side and an opposed second side of a heated part of the pressurized hollow structure, forming a hollow tabular structure having first and second opposed generally flat faces and a second aspect ratio greater than the first aspect ratio.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved cordierite glass-ceramic. In order to improve the materials properties, it is proposed that the glass-ceramic comprising SiO2, Al2O3, MgO and Li2O contains cordierite as main crystal phase and that a secondary crystal phase of the glass-ceramic comprises high-quartz solid solution and/or keatite solid solution. The invention further relates to a process for producing such a glass-ceramic and the use of such a glass-ceramic.

Abstract: A composition for producing a glass fiber, including the following components with corresponding percentage amounts by weight: SiO2: 57.1-61.4%; Al2O3: 17.1-21%; MgO: 10.1-14.5%; Y2O3: 1.1-4.3%; CaO: <6.5%; Li2O+Na2O+K2O: ?1%; Li2O: ?0.75%; TiO2: <1.8%; and Fe2O3: 0.05-1.2%. The total weight percentage of the above components in the composition is greater than or equal to 98%. The weight percentage ratio of Al2O3 to SiO2 is greater than or equal to 0.285. The invention also provides a glass fiber produced using the composition and a composite material including the glass fiber.

Abstract: A glass light-guiding plate which has high-temperature stability and is advantageous in being manufactured in a slim profile is provided. The glass light-guiding plate includes a glass plate including 75 to 85 wt % SiO2, 5 to 20 wt % B2O3, 1 to 5 wt % Al2O3, 3 to 8 wt % R2O (here, R is at least one of Li, Na, and K), and Fe2O3<0.0025 wt %.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of this invention relates to a coated article including a low-emissivity (low-E) coating supported by a substrate (e.g., glass substrate) for use in a window, where the low-E coating is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in order to improve the coating's and thus the coated article's electrical, optical and/or thermal blocking properties. The low-E coating includes at least one infrared (IR) reflecting layer of or including silver which is located on and directly contacting a contact/seed layer of or including metal oxide such as zinc oxide and/or zinc stannate. Exposing the low-E coating to UV radiation, e.g., emitted from a UV lamp(s) and/or UV laser(s), allows for selective heating of the contact/seed layer which in turn transfers the heat energy to the adjacent IR reflecting layer. This heating of the silver inclusive layer improves the silver layer's electrical, optical and/or thermal blocking properties.

Abstract: A glazing includes a transparent substrate coated with a stack of thin layers including at least one silver-based functional metal layer and at least two antireflective coatings, each antireflective coating including at least one dielectric layer, so that each functional metal layer is positioned between two antireflective coatings. The stack includes at least one antireflective coating including a dielectric layer capable of generating defects of hole type and at least one blocking layer based on titanium oxide exhibiting a thickness of greater than 1 nm, the blocking layer being located between the antireflective coating including a dielectric layer capable of generating defects of hole type and a silver-based functional metal layer, immediately in contact with the silver-based functional metal layer.

Abstract: Low emissivity panels can include a separation layer of Zn2SnOx between multiple infrared reflective stacks. The low emissivity panels can also include NiNbTiOx as barrier layer. The low emissivity panels have high light to solar gain, color neutral, together with similar observable color before and after a heat treatment process.

Abstract: Synthetic aggregates are fabricated from greater than approximately 70 wt % waste starting materials. Starting materials may be selected from granulated ground blast furnace slag, waste concrete fines, or sewage sludge ash, and mixtures thereof. The starting materials are bound together by a hydraulic cementitious binder either added to the starting materials or formed in situ. The waste starting materials, binder, and water are formed into pellets and subjected to a hydraulic reaction and carbonation in an atmosphere of greater than approximately 50% carbon dioxide at temperatures less than approximately 100° C. The resulting synthetic aggregate has a crush strength after a period of hardening equal to or greater than approximately 0.5 MPa.