Abstract: A controller includes a processor and a memory storing processor-executable instructions. The processor is programmed to control steering and at least one of propulsion and braking of a vehicle while following a route segment and, during the route segment, to activate a user interface at a frequency based on at least one of an elapsed duration of the route segment, an age of a user, a time of day, and a route-segment topology.

Abstract: A system for a vehicle having at least one vehicle sub-system, the system being configured for determining a configuration of the sub-system. The system includes a user interface for receiving from a user an indication of a plurality of attributes indicative of off-road driving characteristics of a driving scenario, and a processor arranged to determine a configuration of the at least one vehicle sub-system based on the plurality of attributes of the driving scenario.

Abstract: A contact determination processing apparatus includes a contact sensor disposed in a steering wheel of and inside a vehicle. The contact sensor has an output that depends on a contact or non-contact state between the steering wheel and an occupant in the vehicle. The apparatus further includes a contact determination ECU that detects the contact state when the output of the contact sensor is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold, and detects the non-contact state when the output is less than the predetermined threshold. In addition, the apparatus includes a temperature detection module that detects the ambient temperature of the steering wheel. The contact determination ECU includes a threshold changing section that changes the threshold based on a detection result of the temperature detection module.

Abstract: A control system for a machine may include a door sensor configured to generate a closed signal when a door of a cab of the machine is in a closed position, and an Electronic Control Module (ECM) communicably coupled to the door sensor and configured to detect the closed signal. The ECM is programmed to prevent release of a parking brake of the machine if the ECM does not detect the closed signal for the door.

Abstract: Disclosed is a feature for a vehicle that enables taking precautionary actions in response to conditions on the road network around or ahead of the vehicle, in particular, an intersection without traffic signals and without a sufficient merge lane. A database that represents the road network is used to determine locations where roads meet without a traffic signal and without a sufficient merge lane. Then, precautionary action data is added to the database to indicate a location at which a precautionary action is to be taken about the location of the insufficient merge lane. A precautionary action system installed in a vehicle uses this database, or a database derived therefrom, in combination with a positioning system to determine when the vehicle is at a location that corresponds to the location of a precautionary action. When the vehicle is at such a location, a precautionary action is taken by a vehicle system as the vehicle is approaching a location of an insufficient merge lane.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus that is configured to receive a first user detection signal comprising information usable for determining a user situation awareness level. The apparatus also includes a processing module configured to determine a currently necessary situation awareness level by selecting one predefined situation awareness level from a plurality of predefined situation awareness levels based on driving information. The processing module is configured to determine a current user situation awareness level based on the information usable for determining the user situation awareness level. The processing module is configured to generate a control signal to control a user situation awareness modification module based on the currently necessary situation awareness level and the current user situation awareness level.

Abstract: A saddle and foot stop mounting system for large tower sections transported by rail. A locating assembly, including a key rail assembly and a foot stop assembly are used in conjunction with movable saddles. The foot stop assembly includes a locating key for engaging one of plural key fixtures along the key rail, which defines plural mounting locations for the foot stop. Used in conjunction with the movable saddles, this system accommodates a wide range of tower section sizes and weights.

Abstract: A bulk material loading wagon (1) for incorporation into a loading train consisting of several such wagons has a storage box (3) for storing bulk material, the storage box being open at the top and fastened to a wagon frame (2), and—associated with the storage box—a bottom conveyor belt (5) extending in the lower region of the storage box (3) and in the longitudinal direction of the wagon. The wagon frame (2) is equipped with an opening (16), arranged between two adjacent on-track undercarriages (14), for passage of a lower section—adjoining the lower deflection end (9)—of a transfer conveyor belt (8). A drive (18) is provided for displacement of the transfer conveyor belt (8) in its conveying- or longitudinal direction (4) through the opening (18) relative to the wagon frame (2).

Abstract: There is provided a three-axle truck for a railcar having three wheelsets in a truck frame of the one truck, in which in each of the wheelsets, axle boxes are supported by the truck frame through axle springs, the truck frame has a structure for supporting a carbody whose weight is variable, and making variations in axle loads on the respective wheelsets be maintained at a preset value or less in spite of change of the carbody weight, and in this structure, spring constants of the both-end axle springs in the respective wheelsets located at both ends of three axles are set to be larger than a spring constant of the middle axle spring of the wheelset located in the middle.

Abstract: A railcar brake system includes a first brake beam and a second brake beam configured to be mounted on opposite sides of a bolster of a railcar truck; a brake cylinder connected to the first brake beam; a first lever and a second lever pivotally connected to the first brake beam at separate points, the first lever and the second lever also being connected to opposing ends of the brake cylinder to connect the brake cylinder to the first brake beam; a slack adjuster connected to the second brake beam; a first push rod connecting the first lever to the second brake beam and the slack adjuster; and a second push rod connecting the second lever to the second brake beam and the slack adjuster. Actuation of the brake cylinder causes movement of the brake beams via the first and second levers and the first and second push rods.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for a train control system are disclosed, and are based on virtualization of train control logic and the use of cloud computing resources. A train control system is configured into two main parts. The first part includes physical elements of the train control system, and the second part includes a virtual train control system that provides the computing resources for the required train control application platforms. The disclosed architecture can be used with various train control technologies, including communications based train control, cab-signaling and fixed block, wayside signal technology. Further, the disclosure describes methodologies to convert cab-signaling and manual operations into distance to go operation.

Abstract: A multi-functional transport apparatus includes an adjustable ramp capable of being positioned within the existing trunk of the existing motor vehicle, and a collapsible cart selectively positioned on the adjustable ramp. Advantageously, the collapsible cart is at a folded position when positioned on the adjustable ramp. Such a collapsible cart is deployed to an unfolded position when displaced off the adjustable ramp. Notably, the collapsible cart is selectively tilted between a plurality of inclined positions while seated on the adjustable ramp.

Abstract: A cart may be provided for use in moving a container that houses one or more conductors. The cart may comprise a support member, one or more wheels, and a receiving member. The wheel or wheels may be connected to the support member. The receiving member may be attached to the support member. The receiving member may be freely slideable along the support member.

Abstract: Examples of systems and methods for locating movable objects such as carts (e.g., shopping carts) are disclosed. Such systems and methods can use dead reckoning techniques to estimate the current position of the movable object. Various techniques for improving accuracy of position estimates are disclosed, including compensation for various error sources involving the use of magnetometer and accelerometer, and using vibration analysis to derive wheel rotation rates. Various techniques utilize characteristics of the operating environment in conjunction with or in lieu of dead reckoning techniques, including characteristic of environment such as ground texture, availability of signals from radio frequency (RF) transmitters including precision fix sources.

Abstract: A bracket assembly includes a bracket for attachment to a shopping cart and a cover connected to the bracket and covering at least part of the bracket. The bracket includes a metal plate having first and second faces, where the length is greater than the width, and the width is greater than the thickness. The bracket has a projection extending outward from the first face and a recess extending inward from the second face and corresponding to the projection. The cover has two walls and a cavity defined between the walls, and the bracket is received within the cavity such that the first and second faces each confront one of the walls. The cover further has a slot in at least one wall, such that the cover is press-fit on the bracket and the projection is received in the slot to retain the cover in connection with the bracket.

Abstract: A step board is attached to a main body in a rotatable manner. The step board is biased toward the upper side due to a tensile force of a spring while taking a position at which the step board is attached to the main body as an axis, and an attachment angle thereof is so fixed by a stopper as to fall within a predetermined angle. On the lower side of the step board, a cylinder unit covering a side surface of the bar-like main body is provided. The cylinder unit is connected to a brake shoe. Accordingly, when the step board is stepped on, the cylinder unit is moved downward so that the brake shoe makes contact with part of a rear wheel, thereby limiting a rotational velocity of the rear wheel.

Abstract: There is provided a steering apparatus including a fixing mechanism for fixing a driven pulley and a rolling nut to each other, the fixing mechanism configured to suppress at least one of deformation of external teeth of the driven pulley and an increase in size of a housing surrounding the driven pulley. A steering apparatus includes: a steered shaft; a ball screw mechanism including a rolling screw portion, a rolling nut, and rolling elements; a motor; a belt transmission mechanism including a drive pulley, a driven pulley, and a toothed belt; and a fixing mechanism. The fixing mechanism includes an internal thread, a cutout section, and a locknut. The cutout section is provided at a position offset, in the axial direction, from a range of second external teeth in the axial direction, and the locknut includes a locknut body, a locking lug, and a remaining portion.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture to identify non-uniformity in a vehicle steering system are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a first sensor to measure a steering wheel angle relative to a first universal joint, a second sensor to measure a pinion angle relative to a second universal joint, and a third sensor to measure a torque relative to a torsion bar. The apparatus further includes a non-uniformity manager to determine a non-uniformity angle associated with a steering column, the non-uniformity angle based on the torque and comparing the steering wheel angle to the pinion angle, map the non-uniformity angle to a first position of the steering column, and determine an offset to adjust a steering response based on the first position.

Abstract: A motor drive device includes a plurality of control systems that individually supply drive currents to a plurality of coil groups included in a motor. The motor drive device independently sets the current command values for the respective control systems. Based on the set current command values, drive instructions are supplied to drive circuits of inverters with respect to the respective control systems, thereby supplying drive currents from the inverters to the coil groups. The motor drive device detects a failure in any of the inverters and the coil groups with respect to each control system, and stops only the failed control system or causes only the failed control system to fall back. The motor drive device further includes a main computing device, and an auxiliary computing device. Consequently, if the auxiliary computing device is normal even in case the main computing device fails, driving of the motor can be continued using one or some of the control systems.

Abstract: A motor control unit is provided that controls a motor with multi-system windings via motor driving circuits on winding systems based on a current command value including current detecting circuits to detect at least two-phase or more currents for each of the multi-system windings of the three-phase motor, three-phase/two-phase converting sections to convert the detected phase currents to two-phase currents for the multi-system windings, and a failure diagnosing section to perform a current-calculation of the two-phase currents converted to two-phase for the multi-system windings, and to perform a diagnosis failure by comparing a difference of current-calculated results between the multi-system windings and an accumulating value of the difference with respective thresholds.

Abstract: A method for controlling propulsion of a drilling rig. The drilling rig includes a right propulsion unit and a left propulsion unit and mutually independent speed control and a transmission for driving the right propulsion unit and the left propulsion unit. The transmission provides at least two gear states of a gear box. A propulsion speed is request for the right propulsion unit and for the left propulsion unit. A difference is determined between a requested propulsion speed of the right propulsion unit and the left propulsion unit. A suitable gear state is determined based on the determined difference. Also a computer program product including program code for a computer for implementing the method. A system and a drilling rig equipped with the system.

Abstract: An infinitely variable transmission system for differentially steered vehicles comprises two planetary gearboxes, each coupled to drive, as output, a driving component, such as track or wheel, on either side of a vehicle. The planetary gearboxes are drivingly coupled to a power source, such as an engine or motor, via fixed gear ratio driver and via belt drive system of two or more variable ratio belt drive pulleys. Each of the two outputs of the transmission can independently and simultaneously be controlled to revolve in forward, neutral (stop), and reverse directions in a manner of continuously and infinitesimally variable speed and torque.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steering angle sensor for detecting a steering angle of a steering column over an angular range of more than 360° in a vehicle, comprising—a transmitter element for exciting a transmitter field and a measuring sensor for exciting an output signal dependent on a reception of the transmitter field, wherein the measuring sensor and the transmitter element are arranged such that the transmitter field received by the measuring sensor is dependent on the steering column rotational angle to be detected, and—a counter element with a non-volatile storage unit for counting and outputting a number of revolutions of the transmitter field with respect to a reference rotational angle.

Abstract: A communication system includes a sensor apparatus, which includes sensing elements and a transmission circuit, and a microcomputer, which includes a reception circuit, a difference calculator, and a differential calculator. The transmission circuit shifts a transmission time point of one of sensor signals including sensor value detected by one of the sensing elements by a predetermined period with respect to a transmission time point of another one of sensor signals including sensor value detected by another one of the sensing elements. The predetermined period is set shorter than a transmission cycle of the transmission circuit. The difference calculator calculates a difference value so that an offset error among the sensing elements is compensated or a fluctuation caused by a variation in slopes of output characteristics of the sensing elements is reduced.

Abstract: A method and a device for controlling the lane-keeping of a motor vehicle, wherein the motor vehicle has a lane-keeping assistant with at least the states inactive and active, which lane-keeping assistant is used to keep the vehicle in the driver's own lane. The method includes checking whether the vehicle has drifted into the opposite lane; checking whether there is opposing traffic in the opposite lane; activating the lane-keeping assistant if the vehicle has drifted and there is opposing traffic; controlling the lane-keeping assistant with respect to the oncoming object by active steering intervention, wherein the oncoming vehicle is interpreted as a lane boundary of the driver's own lane.

Abstract: A vehicle body front structure includes a corner reinforcement member (22) that connects a damper housing reinforcement member (21) and an upper dash panel reinforcement member (15). The corner reinforcement member (22) is a member having a substantially L-shaped step section (22f), and has a first portion (22a) facing the damper housing reinforcement member (21) in a vehicle body width direction and joined to the damper housing reinforcement member (21), a second portion (22b) extending from the first portion (22a) toward an inner side of a vehicle body in the vehicle body width direction, a third portion (22c) facing the upper dash panel reinforcement member (15) from below and joined to the upper dash panel reinforcement member (15), and a fourth portion (22d) extending downward from the third portion (22c). The first portion (22a) and the third portion (22c) are formed as a continuous surface. The second portion (22b) and the fourth portion (22d) are formed as a continuous surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a chassis (1) for a motor vehicle, comprising a passenger compartment cell (2), a front frame (3) and a rear frame (4), which are arranged along a longitudinal direction (100) of the chassis (1). The frame front (3) and the rear frame (4) each comprise two longitudinal members (31, 32; 41, 42) and a cross member (35; 45) forming a substantially C-shaped structure. The chassis (1) allows the adjustment of the track width and/or the pitch of the motor vehicle. To adjust the track width, the chassis (1) is adapted for the attachment of each longitudinal member (31, 32; 41, 42) of a frame (3, 4) to the passenger compartment cell (2) at a plurality of positions that are spaced apart in the transverse direction, in such a way as to allow an adjustment of the transverse distance between the two longitudinal members (31, 32; 41, 42).

Abstract: A vehicle equipped with a traveling motor includes: two front pillars; two side members; a power unit arranged between the two side members and including the traveling motor; an electric-power converter arranged adjacent to the power unit and located at a higher position in the vehicle-vertical direction than the side members; and a first auxiliary frame member, a first end of the first auxiliary frame member being coupled to one of the front pillars, the first auxiliary frame member extending, as viewed from the vehicle-width direction, to pass a position where the first auxiliary frame member overlaps with the electric-power converter or a position higher than the electric-power converter, and a second end of the first auxiliary frame member being coupled to one of the side members, at a more frontward position than the electric-power converter.

Abstract: A method for designing a main body of a trailer, trailer chassis, or like transportable load-supporting system includes selecting a known design of a transportable load-supporting system's main frame. The method includes developing a monocoque main beam having moments of inertia that are respectively greater than or substantially equal to the moments of inertia of the known main frame. Deflections of the known main frame and of the monocoque main beam in response to application of a torsional load, a vertical load, and a lateral load are then determined. Cross-members can be added to the monocoque main beam until the deflection of the monocoque main beam is less than or substantially the same as the deflection of the known main frame. A monocoque main beam designed according to the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A vehicle lower portion structure includes a front pillar reinforcement provided to a front pillar and having a lower end portion joined to a panel forming a rocker; and a rocker reinforcement provided to the rocker, joined to the panel, and having a front end that is disposed to face a rear end of the lower end portion from a vehicle rear side, wherein when a collision load is input from a vehicle front side to at least the front pillar, the rear end comes in contact with the front end.

Abstract: A vehicle body includes a structural member having an inner surface defining an elongated cavity. The structural member includes an outer panel member joined to an inner panel member. A reinforcement member is positioned in the cavity wherein a gap is provided between the reinforcement member and the inner surface of the structural member. The reinforcement member includes an outer section, an inner section and a tension web interposed between and contacting the outer section and inner section. The outer section faces the outer panel member and the inner section faces the inner panel member. The tension web is secured to the outer panel member and inner panel member. An adhesive secured to the reinforcement member is activatable to expand toward the inner surface of the structural member to define a joint between the reinforcement member and the structural member and to at least partially fill the gap.

Abstract: A front vehicle-body structure of a vehicle comprises a front frame, an apron reinforcement, and a suspension housing, wherein the front frame includes a frame outer and a frame inner, the frame outer and the frame inner having respective upward projection portions which are joined together to form a flange portion of the front frame, the suspension housing includes an outward-side joint portion which is joined to an outer face of the front frame and an inward-side joint portion which is joined to an outward side face, in the vehicle width direction, of the flange portion, the outward-side joint portion and the inward-side joint portion being aligned in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: An interior member that is disposed in front of a driver's seat of a vehicle includes a main body and a rigid member. The main body has a tubular shape, extends in a width direction of the vehicle and forms an outer surface of the interior member. The rigid member is disposed on an inner surface of the main body and extends in the width direction of the vehicle. The rigid member supports the main body along the width direction of the vehicle.

Abstract: A body part arrangement for a motor vehicle includes a body part in which at least one electrical line element is integrated in a receiving material of the body part. The body part includes a molded part in which a plastics part is provided. The at least one electrical line element is embedded in the plastics part.

Abstract: A plant shield assembly includes an elongated shield having a first door operably connected to a second door and both doors are pivotally connected to the vehicle and movable between an open position and a closed position. The plant shield assembly includes a door opening mechanism operably attached to the elongated shield and configured to move the first and the second doors. The plant shield assembly includes a linkage assembly that connects the elongated shield with the door opening mechanism, and limits the extent of rotation of the doors. The door opening mechanism and linkage assembly are positioned between the elongated shield and the vehicle. The door opening mechanism can be a handle attached to the elongated shield. Optionally, the plant shield assembly includes an access door that is disposed between an open position to enable actuation of the handle and a closed position to block actuation of the handle.

Abstract: A vehicle body structure includes a dash lower panel, an outrigger, a dash cross member, and a side sill. A jack up stiffener having lower compressive strength against a load from the front than the side sill is installed inside the side sill. The outrigger is coupled to a front end part of the jack up stiffener. The dash cross member is coupled to a front end part of the side sill.

Abstract: A motor vehicle dashboard crossbeam includes a tubular beam made in a single piece provided to extend between the A posts of the structure of the motor vehicle substantially in a transverse direction of the motor vehicle and means for fastening a or each end section of the beam on an A post. The fastening means includes a first and second fastening opening in the longitudinal direction, the first opening being formed through the beam. The fastening means also includes a fastening member attached on the end section, the second fastening opening being formed through the fastening member.

Abstract: A different materials joint structure includes: a thinned-plate shaped iron member and a thinned-plate shaped aluminum member integrally joined together. The iron member comprises two or more steel thinned plates stacked on each other and an electrodeposition coating is applied to the thinned plates so as to form electrodeposition coating films on surfaces of the thinned plates. The iron member and the aluminum member are then stacked on each other with stacked surfaces, and are joined together by friction stir welding tool inserted from an aluminum member side toward an iron member side in a direction perpendicular to the stacked surfaces.

Abstract: A vehicle body structure using carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) may include a cowl member extending along a width direction of a vehicle, a front pillar extending along a height direction of the vehicle, and a cowl side member of which an inner side is coupled to a front end of the cowl member and an outer side is coupled to the front pillar member.

Abstract: A front spoiler arrangement for a motor vehicle, comprising a support component, a flow guiding component, which is positioned on the support component in a movable way between a further retracted position and a further extracted position, a guiding formation, which guides the movement between the two positions and a moving actuator, which is coupled to the flow guiding component by way of a coupling element, the coupling element and at least one component of either the moving actuator and the flow guiding component are coupled to each other through a connection arrangement, which has a surmountable detent formation, which separates from each other two possible relative operating positions between a component and the coupling element, i.e. a normal operating position and an emergency operating position, wherein a retraction movement of the flow guiding component in the direction opposite to the further extracted position beyond a retracted end position is mechanically prevented.

Abstract: A tracked climbing vehicle containing a compliant suspension apparatus to prescribe the distribution of forces on the adhering members in the tracked climbing machine. The compliant suspension apparatus is configured to negotiate irregularities in a climbing-surface without the vehicle tracks losing full surface contact and adhesion by distributing the loads from the climbing machine chassis to the adhering traction members in a specific prescribed fashion. The apparatus thus avoids exceeding the allowable force in any adhering traction member and significantly improves the performance of the climbing machine.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a walking robot. A first end effector connected to a first end of a robotic arm is moved relative to a surface of a structure and away from a second end effector connected to a second end of the robotic arm. The first end effector is secured relative to the surface of the structure after moving the first end effector relative to the surface. The second end effector connected to the second end of the robotic arm is moved relative to the surface of the structure and toward the first end effector.

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a clamp assembly for use with an air balancer for clamping a vehicle panel. The clamp assembly can include an upright member and a base member configured to engage the vehicle panel from a first side. The clamp assembly can include a first and third linkage connected to the upright member. The clamp assembly can include a second linkage defining a hook and being connected to the upright member. The clamp assembly can include a fourth linkage connected to the upright member with a lever connected to thereto and configured to rotate the fourth linkage. The clamp assembly can include a clamp member connected to the second and fourth linkages and configured to engage the vehicle panel from a second side. The clamp assembly can include a balance member having a locking protrusion and being connected to the first linkage and the third linkage.

Abstract: A virtual stop station is provided having a carriage straddling an assembly line operation. This provides an independently moving platform upon which one or more manufacturing robots are affixed. The carriage is coordinated with and tracked to the linear motion of the assembly line. A vision guidance system centers the workpiece, and lifting arms mounted on the moving carriage will locate the workpiece and lift the workpiece up off of the conveyor, while being coordinated with it. The workpiece and robots thus are now fixtured to the same frame, thus eliminating movement relative to one another creating a virtual stop station. Once subassembly is complete, the coordinated robotic gantry will disengage from the conveyor and return home. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A saddle-ride-type vehicle where the degree of freedom in layout of parts is increased by making use of a space formed below a rider's seat. The saddle-ride-type vehicle includes a main frame extending rearwardly in a longitudinal direction of a vehicle and downwardly from a head pipe. A seat frame extends rearwardly in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle from the main frame with a rider's seat supported on the seat frame from below. The seat frame is disposed in a frontward inclined manner toward the main frame wherein the seat frame becomes away from a seat bottom surface of the rider's seat thus forming a space below the seat bottom surface with a seat support member being disposed in the space.

Abstract: Replaceable forward foldable curved motorcycle windshield assemblies, systems, devices and methods with a base separated from an upper curved main section attached together with a pair of hinges which allows the main section to fold outward away in a vertical to horizontal direction forward of the motorcycle when force is applied to the main section of windshield. An elongated trim covers the upper leafs of the hinges between of the windshield. The base of the windshield is hidden beneath the existing mounting frame on the motorcycle.

Abstract: A leisure sports scooter comprises a scooter body, wheels and a handlebar. A folding mechanism is arranged between the handlebar and the scooter body. According to the folding mechanism, a hinge-connection section is arranged at the lower end of the handlebar and connected to a connection base through a rotary shaft. The hinge-connection section is a handlebar joint fixed to the lower end of the handlebar or is a lower handlebar section integrated with the handlebar. The rotary shaft is positioned on the connection base. The handlebar can move vertically relative to the rotary shaft. A matched positioning mechanism is arranged between the handlebar and the connection base. When the handlebar moves to a first position, the handlebar and the connection base are positioned, and the positioning mechanism stops the handlebar from rotating. When the handlebar moves to a second position, the handlebar is rotated around the rotary shaft to be folded or unfolded.

Abstract: In an inverted pendulum vehicle (10) including a vehicle body frame (12) fitted with a saddle (32) at an upper end thereof; a main wheel (40) combining a plurality of free rollers (44) arranged along a circle such that rotational center lines of the free rollers are each directed along a tangential line of the circle, a pair of drive disks (50) each carrying a plurality of free rollers (52) arranged along a circumferential direction and configured to engage the free rollers of the main wheel, and a pair of drive units (72, 86) including a pair of electric motors (68, 82) for individually driving the drive disks under an inverted pendulum control, the two drive units are positioned one behind the other between the saddle and a rotational center line of the main wheel.

Abstract: A leaning vehicle includes a body frame including a headpipe, a front wheel, a steering torque transmission including a steering shaft supported by bearings, a handlebar assembly, and a front wheel connector that transmits a steering torque, and a steering torque detector. The steering torque transmission includes a torsional deformation element upstream of a portion of the steering shaft supported by the most upstream bearing in a steering torque transmission path, and which is easily twisted and deformed by a steering torque input from grips on the handlebar assembly. The steering torque detector detects at least a portion of the steering torque input into the steering torque transmission based on a torsional deformation of the torsional deformation element.

Abstract: A bicycle hydraulic operating device is basically provided with a base member, a piston, an operating member, a hydraulic reservoir tank and a diaphragm. The base member includes a cylinder bore. The piston is movably disposed in the cylinder bore. The operating member is coupled to the piston to move the piston within the cylinder bore. The hydraulic reservoir tank is fluidly connected to the cylinder bore. The diaphragm is at least partially disposed inside the hydraulic reservoir tank and divides the hydraulic reservoir tank into a hydraulic fluid chamber and an air chamber. The air chamber is at least partially located closer to the cylinder bore than the hydraulic fluid chamber.