Abstract: A method of reducing photoelectron yield (PEY) and/or secondary electron yield (SEY) of a ceramic surface comprises applying pulsed laser radiation comprising a series of laser pulses emitted by a laser (4) to the surface of a target (10) to produce a periodic arrangement of structures on the surface of the target (10).

Abstract: A laser processing machine includes a beam parameter product variable device, and a beam diameter variable device. The beam parameter product variable device sets beam parameter products of a laser beam to a predetermined value. The beam diameter variable device includes a first lens that is movable in an optical axis direction and having a positive focal length, and converts divergent light of a laser beam emitted from an emission end of the laser beam into convergent light, and a second lens that is movable in the optical axis direction and having a negative focal length on which the convergent light is incident. A third lens having a positive focal length, focuses the laser beam emitted from the beam diameter variable device, and irradiates a plate material with the focused laser beam.

Abstract: When water jet guided laser drilled through the first body, there is a confined embodiment between the first body and the second body. To prevent water jet guided laser to continue in this direction and create damage on the second body, a volume vibrator is connected to the embodiment and media that filled embodiment get pumped in and pumped out from the embodiment at adjustable frequency and cycle volume. Mechanical energy is then transferred into the embodiment to generate local media vibration. The laminar flowing state of the water jet is interrupted and the laser beam confined in the water jet is dispersed. Plugging method is also involved to insure when there are multiple holes on the embodiment, there will be enough mechanical energy get transferred to the laser breakthrough location.

Abstract: An adjustment collar for a laser machine tool includes a first actuator between an outer housing and an inner collar, the first actuator operable to move the inner collar with respect to the outer housing in the X-axis and a second actuator between the outer housing and the inner collar, the second actuator operable to move the inner collar with respect to the outer housing in the Y-axis.

Abstract: A welding method for welding a cast iron (first member) and a steel (second member) having a lower hardness than the cast iron, which comprises: a first step for inserting an insert material (third member) having a lower hardness than the steel between the cast iron and the steel; a second step for welding the boundary portion between the cast iron and the insert material; and a third step for welding the boundary portion between the steel and the insert material. Consequently, this welding method is able to improve the strength characteristics after welding.

Abstract: A laser-welded shape section steel includes a web member and a flange member each made of a steel plate, the steel plate having an equivalent carbon content Ceql of not less than 0.075 and not more than 0.15, the equivalent carbon content Ceql being represented by the following formula: Ceql=C+(Si/50)+(Mn/25)+(P/2)+(Cr/25)+Ti, where a welded part, which is a joint part in which the web member and the flange member are joined, has a hardness of not less than 1.2 times and not more than 4 times as hard as that of the steel plate, and the welded part a protrusion length of not greater than 1 mm.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to energy beam ablation machining methods that are used to machine polycrystalline diamond tables (e.g., polycrystalline diamond compacts that each includes polycrystalline diamond tables). Embodiments disclosed herein also are directed to polycrystalline diamond tables machined according to at least one of the energy beam ablation machining methods disclosed herein.

Abstract: A deposition mask in which a resin film can be completely removed in opening portions, a method of manufacturing the deposition mask, and a mask member for the deposition mask are provided. A light irradiation source for laser light is disposed on one side of a resin film (11) and emits the laser light for forming a pattern of opening portions. A reflective film (30) is provided on another side of the resin film (11) and reflects light having a wavelength of the laser light emitted from the light irradiation source for the laser light. The laser light reflected by the reflective film (30) is used to form the patterns of the opening portion (11a) in the resin film (11).

Abstract: A laser machining device includes a laser light source, a spatial light modulator which includes a display unit, an objective lens, an image-transfer optical system, a camera and a controller. The controller executes first display processing and second display processing. According to first display processing, when the camera captures the image, the display unit displays a first phase pattern for adjusting a condensing position of laser light condensed by the objective lens to a first condensing position. According to second display processing, when the camera captures the image, the display unit displays a second phase pattern for adjusting the condensing position of the laser light condensed by the objective lens to a second condensing position different from the first condensing position in an irradiation direction of the laser light.

Abstract: Forming holes in a material includes focusing a pulsed laser beam into a laser beam focal line oriented along the beam propagation direction and directed into the material, the laser beam focal line generating an induced absorption within the material, the induced absorption producing a defect line along the laser beam focal line within the material, and translating the material and the laser beam relative to each other, thereby forming a plurality of defect lines in the material, and etching the material in an acid solution to produce holes greater than 1 micron in diameter by enlarging the defect lines in the material. A glass article includes a stack of glass substrates with formed holes of 1-100 micron diameter extending through the stack.

Abstract: Based on the mechanism of the water jet guided laser system, both shielding gas and optical to water jet coupling components have significant influence on the laminar flowing state of the water jet. By applying a camera and imaging system to monitor the laser jet and analyze the width comparing to pre-measured and stored data, we can draw a conclusion on health of optical to water jet coupling components as well as the machining progress of the laser beam. A clear system definition and procedure have been defined to understand and implement this invention.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses for controlling a cutting process in which a workpiece is cut by a high-energy beam. A process light signal is detected emanating from an interaction region of the high-energy beam with the workpiece in a first wavelength range (??1), in which at least one metallic constituent (Fe, Cr) of the workpiece has at least one emission line, and in a second wavelength range (??2), which differs from the first wavelength range, in which continuum radiation of the workpiece without emission lines is detectable. Vaporization of the at least one metallic constituent (Fe, Cr) is monitored on the basis of an intensity of the process light signal detected in the first wavelength range (??1) and on the basis of an intensity of the process light signal detected in the second wavelength range (??2).

Abstract: A bonding material disclosed in this specification contains high melting point metal particles, low melting point metal particles, and a thermosetting flux resin. A mass proportion of the high melting point metal particles with respect to a total mass of the high melting point metal particles and the low melting point metal particles is 55% to 75%.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy clad material includes: a core material; and a sacrificial anode material layer clad on one surface or both surfaces of the core material. Each of the core material and the sacrificial anode material layer has a predetermined composition. In the core material, the number density of an Al—Mn-based intermetallic compound having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ?m or more is 1.0×105 particles/mm2 or more, and the number density of Al2Cu having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ?m or more is 1.0×105 particles/mm2 or less. In the sacrificial anode material layer, the number density of a Mg—Si-based crystallized product having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ?m is 100 to 150,000 particles/mm2, and the number density of a Mg—Si-based crystallized product having an equivalent circle diameter of more than 5.0 ?m and 10.0 ?m or less is 5 particles/mm2 or less.

Abstract: A high strength, air hardening steel includes the following contents in mass-%: C: 0.07 to ?0.16, Si: 0.12 to ?0.80, Mn: 1.00 to ?2.20, Cr: 0.50 to ?1.60, Mo: 0.10 to ?1.00, Al: 0.010 to ?0.060, N: 0.0020 to ?0.0150, Ti: 0.010 to ?0.050, V+2×Nb of 0.030 to ?0.200, B: 0.0008 to ?0.0050, P: ?0.020, S: ?0.10, remainder iron, including common steel-incidental elements, for use as weld filler in wire and/or powder form.

Abstract: A high strength welding joint having excellent toughness at low temperature obtained by welding a cryogenic high-strength high-Mn steel, comprising 0.1-0.61 wt % of C, 0.23-1.0 wt % of Si, 14-35 wt % of Mn, 6 wt % or less of Cr, 1.45-3.5 wt % of Mo, 0.02 wt % or less of S, 0.02 wt % or less of P, 0.001-0.01 wt % of B, 0.001-0.2 wt % of Ti, 0.001-0.3 wt % of N, and balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; and a flux-cored arc welding wire comprising 0.15-0.8 wt % of C, 0.2-1.2 wt % of Si, 15-34 wt % of Mn, 6 wt % or less of Cr, 1.5-4 wt % of Mo, 0.02 wt % or less of S, 0.02 wt % or less of P, 0.01 wt % or less of B, 0.1-0.5 wt % of Ti, 0.001-0.3 wt % of N, 4-15 wt % of TiO2, 0.01-9 wt % of at least one of SiO2, ZrO2 and Al2O3, 0.5-1.7 wt % of at least one of alkali elements including K, Na, and Li, 0.2-1.5 wt % of at least one of F and Ca, and balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.

Abstract: A flux includes a rosin resin, an activator, a thixotropic agent, and a solvent. The solvent includes 30% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less monovalent alcohol with respect to a total mass amount of the flux. The monovalent alcohol has 18 or more and 24 or less of carbon atoms in one molecule.

Abstract: A clamp jig includes: a pair of clamp bodies that extend in the radial direction of a stator core and that clamp, from both circumferential sides of the stator core, an end part of an electric conductor that is inserted into and welded to the stator core; and a sandwiched part that is supported so as to be able to rotate with respect to the clamp bodies and that abuts against the end part of the electric conductor when the end part of the electric conductor is clamped between the pair of clamp bodies. The sandwiched part has a plurality of abutting surfaces that can abut the end part of the electric conductor in a direction of rotation of the sandwiched part.

Abstract: A method for multistep machining a cutting tool includes defining a data set of the cutting tool, positioning the workpiece in a machining device, determining a data set of the workpiece to be machined, defining at least one machining program based on the defined data set in relation to the determined data set of the workpiece, subjecting the workpiece to the at least one machining program, to obtain intermediate geometries of the workpiece, determining a second data set by measuring means including the intermediate geometries of the workpiece and transferring the machined workpiece to a second machining device. Furthermore, the steps of positioning, determining data set of the workpiece, defining machining program, subjecting the workpiece to the machining program, determining a second data set and transferring to the second machining device are repeated until the workpiece takes on the shape of the target geometries.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for remotely switching screw color or screw type feeding into a door assembly machine with an auto-hinge applicator. An apparatus having a turntable is supported on bearings and a framework. Each side of the turntable includes a screw hopper accessible via a rotary index. The screw hoppers receive a user input to make a screw selection. Upon receiving a selection, one of the hoppers indexes into position, allowing the correct screw to feed to the hinge applicator. Screw feed-hoses from screwdrivers on the hinge applicator are arranged to connect to a manifold below the screw hoppers. Screws drop from the hoppers into a manifold, at which point the screws are blown with compressed air through the feed-hoses to the screwdrivers on the hinge applicator. Screws can be reloaded into the screw hoppers when rotated in alignment with the hinge side of the door assembly machine.

Abstract: Provided is a turning and milling system, comprising: a work platform comprising a first drive mechanism; a rotating platform, said first drive driving said rotating platform to rotate on the said work platform and drive a workpiece to rotate about a vertical axis; a blade assembly comprising a blade and a second drive mechanism connected to the blade; said second drive mechanism drives the blade to move in the horizontal direction, changing the machining radius of the blade.

Abstract: A machine tool has at least 5 axes. A tool holder assembly permits a tool holder spindle to be displaced relative to the frame along a first axis of translation and along a second axis of translation perpendicular to the first axis of translation and implementing slides in a plane forming an angle of between +40° and +50° relative to the first axis of translation. A part holder assembly permits a part to be displaced along a third axis of translation perpendicular to the other axes of translation, about a first axis of rotation parallel to the third axis of translation and about a second axis of rotation perpendicular to the first axis of rotation. The length of the precision path connecting the part to the tool via the frame and the assemblies of the machine is less than 1600 mm.

Abstract: A system includes a stand having a first axis, a first arm, and a second arm. The first arm and the second arm extend from the axis. The first arm is configured to rotate about the axis and the second arm is configured to rotate about the axis. The system includes a first can coupled to the first arm. The first can is configured to be disposed around a first tip of a first airfoil, the first can is configured to receive a first gas flow, and the first can is configured to distribute the first gas flow to a first work cavity around the first tip of the first airfoil. The system further includes a second can coupled to the second arm. The second can is configured to be disposed around a second tip of a second airfoil, the second can is configured to receive a second gas flow, and the second can is configured to distribute the second gas flow to a second work cavity of the second airfoil.

Abstract: A method of: (i) providing a mould, comprising a mould body and a mould cavity; (ii) positioning the workpiece within the mould cavity; (iii) providing a plurality of part locator rods, each rod being located in the mould body and protruding into the mould cavity, a distal end of each rod abutting against an outer surface of the workpiece; (iv) providing a fluid, the fluid filling a void defined between an outer surface of the workpiece and an internal surface of the mould cavity; (v) cooling the mould, workpiece and fluid to below a freezing point of the fluid; (vi) removing the workpiece encapsulated in frozen fluid, from the cavity, with the rods protruding from outer surface of frozen fluid; (vii) securing the encapsulated workpiece on a machine tool; and (viii) using the protruding part locator rods to position the workpiece on the machine tool in readiness for machining operation.

Abstract: A vapor deposition apparatus disclosed in an embodiment is configured to allow an electromagnet (3) to attract a vapor deposition mask, and comprises a control circuit (7) connected between the electromagnet (3) and a power supply circuit (6) for driving the electromagnet (3). The control circuit gradually changes a magnetic field to be generated by the electromagnet (3) when a current is applied to the electromagnet (3). As a result, the change in current to flow in an electromagnetic coil (32) of the electromagnet (3) becomes gradual and an effect of electromagnetic induction is reduced, thereby suppressing the defect of elements formed on a substrate for vapor deposition or the deterioration in property of the element.

Abstract: A system for changing and inserting or placing tools on a machine tool, including: a tool changer with a manipulator which is configured to remove a tool to be introduced from a tool magazine of the machine tool at a removal position and to transfer it to a work spindle of the machine tool at a tool change position in an automatic tool changing operation, and a tool diameter measuring apparatus, which is configured to determine a tool diameter or a tool radius of the tool to be introduced that has been removed from the tool magazine of the machine tool by the manipulator.

Abstract: A rotary tool or machine includes: an output shaft; a motor that rotates the output shaft; an operation part for commanding driving/stopping of the motor; and a control unit that controls the driving/stopping of the motor in accordance with commands from the operation part. The control unit is configured to generate a braking force in the motor or on the output shaft when the motor is to be stopped in proportion to a tightening force (torque) applied to the tool accessory when the motor is started up, such that the greater the tightening force (torque), the greater the braking force.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a machine tool 100 for machining a workpiece, said machine tool 100 having the following: a support portion 30 on which at least one vertical guide 18, 32 is disposed; a machining unit 10 for machining a workpiece on the machine tool 100, said machining unit 10 being guided so as to be vertically movable on the at least one vertical guide 18, 32 of the support portion 30; a drive mechanism 20 having at least one drive 21 and at least one gearbox 22, said drive mechanism 20 being specified for driving a relocation of the machining unit 10 in the vertical direction along the at least one vertical guide 18, 32 of the support portion 30, wherein the machining unit is suspended from one or a plurality of gearbox portions of the at least one gearbox 22 of the drive mechanism 20 in such a manner that the centre of gravity 101 of the machining unit 10 conjointly with an effective point 12 of the suspension 11 of the machining unit 10 on the drive mechanism 20 is disposed in a common v

Abstract: A dust extractor is provided including a main housing, a telescopic tubular extension arm comprising a first forward section slidable into or out of a second rear section over a stroke length between a first inner position and a second outer position, the second rear section being mounted onto the main housing, a shroud mounted on one end of the first forward section remote from the second rear section, a biasing force arranged to urge the first forward section to slide out of the second rear section towards the second outer position, and a dust collection box mounted on the main housing. The stroke length of the telescopic extension arm is greater than 150 mm.

Abstract: A method for supplying cutting oil which is able to attain the above object by adopting the following processes in a machine tool for cutting work pieces. a. setting of individual cutting times to each work piece and selection of cutting oil to be used, b. setting of a quantity of the cutting oil supplied per unit time to a cutting area where the cutting oil selected by the process a is used, c. supplying the cutting oil to a cutting-oil tank, with a state kept that the cutting oil remains in the cutting-oil tank, and d. supplying the cutting oil to the cutting area on cutting each of the work pieces by setting a quantity of the cutting oil as a quantity obtained by multiplying individual cutting times according to the process a with a cutting quantity per individual unit times according to the process b.

Abstract: A production device having wear and/or manipulation identification is provided. The production device is produced at least for the most part by additive production methods and has a surface. The production device may be constructed as an assembly device, in particular workpiece coordination device, shaping tool or auxiliary technical production device. According to the present disclosure there is provided at least in a region of the surface at least one signal layer which, in an initial state of the production device, is arranged at a predetermined depth below a surface termination layer of the surface and is covered externally by the surface termination layer of the surface. In this instance, the signal layer differs in a visually perceptible manner from the surface termination layer.

Abstract: A numerical control device for a machine tool controls a machine tool having a main spindle for attaching a tool, a table holding a workpiece and a jig, three translational axes, and one or more rotation axis. The numerical control device includes an axis-dependent deformation error estimation unit, an input unit, a gravitational deformation estimation unit, a correction value calculation unit, and an addition unit. The correction value calculation unit calculates a correction value of the translational axes and/or the rotation axis with respect to an error of a position and/or a posture of the tool with respect to the workpiece, based on an estimated value of an axis-dependent deformation error, an estimated value of a gravitational deformation error, and command values. The addition unit adds the correction values to the command values.

Abstract: A tool sharpener has first and second guide surfaces to respectively support a cutting tool adjacent first and second abrasive surfaces. A drive assembly moves the first and second abrasive surfaces with respect to the first and second guide surfaces. A control circuit directs a user to place the cutting tool against the first abrasive surface using the first guide surface to sharpen a cutting edge of the tool during a first sharpening operation. The control circuit activates an indicator mechanism at a conclusion of the first sharpening operation to direct the user to perform a second sharpening operation in which the user presents the cutting tool against the second abrasive surface using the second guide surface to sharpen the cutting edge.

Abstract: An apparatus can comprise a body and a first portion. The first portion can be coupled to the body and moveable therewith. The first portion can comprise a rigidifying material and a layer. The rigidifying material can be positioned in a chamber defined by an envelope formed of a gas-impermeable material. A pressure within the chamber can be variable between at least a lower pressure state and a higher pressure state. In the higher pressure state the material is relatively flexible, and in the lower pressure state the material can be relatively less flexible than in the higher pressure state. The layer can be manipulatable by the rigidifying material. More particularly, the layer can have a first state when the pressure within the chamber is in the higher pressure state. In the first state, the layer can be formable by the target surface to take on a desired shape that can be substantially a match of the target surface.

Abstract: A handheld multifunction power tool includes a driveshaft, a hub assembly, and a stem. The hub assembly includes an outer hub and an inner hub that is rotatably coupled with the inner hub and rotatable with respect to the outer hub. Rotation of the inner hub relative to the outer hub facilitates selection from among a rotary mode and a random orbital mode.

Abstract: A handheld multifunction power tool includes a driveshaft, a hub assembly, and a stem. The hub assembly includes an outer hub and an inner hub that is rotatably coupled with the inner hub and rotatable with respect to the outer hub. Rotation of the inner hub relative to the outer hub facilitates selection from among a rotary mode and a random orbital mode.

Abstract: A substrate processing method includes polishing a target surface of a substrate to be polished by moving a polishing brush in a horizontal direction while pressing the polishing brush against the polishing target surface of the substrate which rotates in a horizontal posture around a vertical axis. The polishing is performed while varying a rotation speed of the substrate and a moving speed of the polishing brush such that the rotation speed of the substrate decreases stepwise or continuously and the moving speed of the polishing brush in a radial direction of the substrate decreases stepwise or continuously as a distance from a center of rotation of the substrate measured in the radial direction of the substrate to a center of the polishing brush increases.

Abstract: An end of polishing of a wafer is determined for each of wafers at a high accuracy. A wafer processing method includes: a first process of acquiring an initial state of a processing target surface of a wafer; a second process of forming a coating film on the wafer after the first process; a third process of polishing the processing target surface of the wafer by a polishing member based on initial polishing conditions in a state where the polishing member is in contact with the processing target surface of the wafer; a fourth process of acquiring a processed state of the processing target surface of the wafer after the third process; and a fifth process of determining an end of polishing, an insufficiency in polishing, or an excess in polishing based on the initial state and the processed state.

Abstract: A method of controlling polishing includes sweeping a sensor of an in-situ monitoring system across a substrate as a layer of the substrate undergoes polishing, generating from the in-situ monitoring system a sequence of signal values that depend on a thickness of the layer, detecting from the sequence of signal values, a time that the sensor traverses a leading edge of the substrate or a retaining ring and a time that the sensor traverses a trailing edge of the substrate or retaining ring; and for each signal value of at least some of the sequence of signal values, determining a position on the substrate for the signal value based on the time that the sensor traverses the leading edge and the time that the sensor traverses a trailing edge.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical mechanical (CMP) polishing pad with a top surface, one or more apertures adapted to receive an endpoint detection window, an underside having a recessed portion and having one or more flanged endpoint detection windows (windows), each window having a flange adapted to fit snugly into the recessed portion of the underside of the polishing layer, the flange having a thickness slightly less than the depth of the recessed portion of the polishing layer (to allow for adhesive), having a detection area that fits snugly into an aperture in the polishing layer so that its top surface that lies substantially flush with the top surface of the polishing layer.

Abstract: There is provided a polishing pad that ensures sufficiently performing polishing up to a part near a projection portion and an inner surface of a recessed portion in a surface of an object to be polished in polishing the object to be polished having a surface with at least one of the projection portion and the recessed portion. The polishing pad includes a napped part (1) where a plurality of fibers (12) with a length of 3 mm or more are napped on a surface of a base portion (11). A count of the fibers (12) is 10000 pieces/cm2 or more.

Abstract: A double-head grinding machine includes a disc-shaped carrier ring having a support hole for supporting a silicon wafer, a rotation mechanism rotating the carrier ring around a center of the carrier ring, and a grinding wheel including a grinding stone for grinding the silicon wafer. The support hole is circular and has a center eccentric to the center of the carrier ring.

Abstract: A frame and/or an abrading system that is suitable for abrasion operations, and related methods of use. The frame includes articulating assemblies configured to change a curvature of their respective curved surfaces to correspond to a curvature of a curved surface of a workpiece, in response to relative displacement of a center plate of the frame toward a mounting plate of the frame.

Abstract: A cutting blade mounting mechanism for mounting a cutting blade to a tip portion of a spindle includes: a blade mount mounted to the tip portion of the spindle; and an air supply unit supplying air to the blade mount. The blade mount includes: a columnar boss section inserted into a through-hole provided in an annular base of the cutting blade; a flange section projecting in a radial direction from a side of a base end of the boss section and having a support surface supporting the cutting blade; and an ejector type blade suction section having a first air passage connecting a supply port supplied with air from the air supply unit and a discharge port discharging air, and a second air passage connecting a suction port opening to a side of the support surface of the flange section and the first air passage.

Abstract: Air flow management systems and methods to facilitate the delivery of abrasives to an abrasive fluid jet cutting head are provided which enable the makeup of the discharged abrasive fluid jet to be controlled or manipulated in a particularly advantageous manner. The methods may include continuously or periodically measuring a volumetric flow rate of air (or other abrasive material carrier fluid) moving through an abrasive feed passageway at one or more measurement locations and adjusting the volumetric flow rate of air (or other abrasive material carrier fluid) moving through the abrasive feed passageway based at least in part on said measuring. Systems and methods for diagnosing changes in operational conditions and/or changes in the condition of one or more components of an abrasive fluid jet cutting system are also provided.

Abstract: An adapter clip to be used to mate an abrasive support plate to the drive plate of a floor finishing machine used to grind and/or polish concrete and stone flooring is designed with an internal aperture shaped to conform to and clip onto a protuberance on an upper surface of an abrasive support plate and an external shape to mate with a mounting recess formed on the machine's drive plate.

Abstract: A sanding cloth comprising a substrate sheet of flexible and pliable material having a first side and a second side. An amount of first adhesive is applied to the first side of the sheet. A first grit material is applied to the first adhesive wherein the sheet is flexible and easily pliable and conformable to tight fine spaces that are sanded when preparing trim moldings, furniture refinishing and similar finish applications. Adhesive and grit can be applied to one or both sides of the cloth.

Abstract: A solid surface clamp that has a top jaw and bottom jaw, along with alignment structures is disclosed. The clamp includes a top jaw, a bottom jaw, a bolt attached to the bottom jaw and slideably received through the top jaw, and a nut. The bolt has an alignment cutout, a threaded portion extending from the top jaw and defines a bolt longitudinal axis. The nut is threaded onto the threaded portion of the bolt and transitions the clamp from an open position to a clamping position. The top jaw further includes an alignment hole that contacts the alignment cutout and maintains the top jaw and bottom jaw substantially fixed relative to each other about the bolt longitudinal axis. The alignment cutout moves relative to the alignment shaft in the direction of the bolt longitudinal axis when the clamp transitions from an open position to a clamping position.

Abstract: A hand operated gripping tool has a first handle (301), a first jaw (201) connected with the first handle, a second handle (302) pivotably connected with the first handle to permit relative pivoting movement of the second handle with respect to the first handle and a second jaw (202) connected with the second handle. One of the first jaw and second jaw is a removable jaw and the removable jaw is push-fit attachable to the respective handle.

Abstract: Pliers comprising a head portion incorporating gripping faces within the opposing jaws for the clamping of the desired workpiece, pivotal handle portions and a sprung toothed link positioned between the handles. Bow shaped resilient portion or portions are usefully incorporated within either or both the jaw or handle portions, when the pliers are operated these resilient portions impart a useful superior sprung pressure upon the clamped workpiece by the gripping face of the jaws. The Jaws and bend promoting portion are contiguous with each individual handle and gripping portion. The jaws can further be usefully locked in the required clamping position upon the workpiece by a toothed sprung strut pivotally attached to the fixed handle and conveniently being locked or unlocked according to the locking switch pivotal within the opposing moving handle.