Abstract: A transmission/reception module for an optoelectronic sensor is provided that has a light transmitter having a transmission optics and that has a light receiver having a reception optics, wherein an irradiation angle of transmitted light of the light transmitter is smaller than a reception angle of received light incident on the light receiver; the light transmitter and the light receiver are arranged coaxially; and the transmission optics and the reception optics are formed as a common optics. The light transmitter and the light receiver are here indirectly micromechanically connected to one another.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a plurality of imaging sensor nodes producing 3D structure of a scene is provided. The apparatus receives (500) location data from the sensor nodes, the location data indicating the locations of the moving objects, compares (502) the location data received from different sensor nodes at the same time instants with each other and determines (504) which detections of different sensor nodes relate to same moving objects. The apparatus further maps (600) the location data received from different sensor nodes to a common coordinate system and determines (602) the relationships of the fields of view of the sensor nodes with each other and the location data mapped to the common coordinate system.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed for collaboratively scanning and processing sensor data for building a map of an environment around a group of vehicles. An example an in-vehicle computing system of a vehicle includes a sensor subsystem in communication with an optical sensor, a processor, and memory storing instructions executable by the processor to instruct the optical sensor to scan an assigned region around the vehicle, receive locally scanned data corresponding to the assigned region, process the scanned data to build a first portion of a three-dimensional map, transmit the processed scanned data to at least one other vehicle, receive additional map data from the at least one other vehicle, and build a second, different portion of the three-dimensional map using the received additional map data. In a first example of the in-vehicle computing system, the optical sensor may additionally or alternatively include a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor system.

Abstract: The system and method of guiding an autonomous vehicle and/or mapping a target in 3D space using a digital light processing array and a laser with a wide field of view. The variability of the digital light processing array allows for adjustment of image resolution to account for range, weather conditions, and attitude of the target. Coupled with a learning AI system, an unmanned vehicle can offer superior tactical flexibility in the operational environment.

Abstract: In a depth map measuring device which measures a distance up to an object body, there is provided a light source unit which emits light toward the object body, a light receiving unit which receives a reflected light from the object body, a sensor unit which includes the light source unit and the light receiving unit, and a housing which stores the sensor unit. A rotation axis is set to a direction perpendicular to a center axis of the light emitted from the light source unit. The sensor unit is held in the housing in a state of varying in angle about the rotation axis. A disk radiation fin is provided around the sensor unit other than a light emitting surface of the light source unit and a light receiving surface of the light receiving unit.

Abstract: Methods and systems for navigating a vehicle along a surface employ a scanner to scan a light beam over the surface; employ light reflected by one or more fiducial markers on the surface onto pixels of a receiver to determine a spatial arrangement of the fiducial markers on the surface; and compare the spatial arrangement of the fiducial markers with a predetermined map of the fiducial markers to determine a location of the vehicle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for determining a fault of a barometric pressure measuring system arranged aboard a flying device.

Abstract: A communication system, includes a satellite receiver in operable communication with a central server, a cellular node configured to operate within a proximity of the satellite receiver, and at least one mobile communication device configured to communicate (i) with the cellular node, (ii) within the proximity of the satellite receiver, and (iii) using a transmission signal capable of causing interference to the satellite receiver. The satellite receiver is configured to detect a repeating portion of the transmission signal and determine a potential for interference from the at least one mobile communication device based on the detected repeating portion.

Abstract: A method for authentication of GNSS messages by an authentication transmitter apparatus (20) comprising a reference receiver (22), an authentication server (24) and an authentication transmitter (26). The method comprises: receiving, by the reference receiver, a plurality of navigation messages (50) from a plurality of GNSS satellites (10); hashing, by the authentication server, the navigation messages to create a plurality of hashed messages; creating, by the authentication server, a table comprising the plurality of hashed messages; signing, by the authentication server, the table to create a signed table (70) comprising the hashed messages and a cryptographic signature, and transmitting, by the authentication transmitter, the signed table to an authentication receiver apparatus (40).

Abstract: An apparatus, a method, a method of manufacturing an apparatus, and a method of constructing an integrated circuit are provided. The apparatus includes a memory and a processor configured to conduct acquisition of K values with N peaks, where K and N are integers; store the K values in the memory; select J of the N peaks and include the J peaks in track, where J is an integer less than or equal to N; combine acquisition and track non-coherent summations (NCSs) of coherent correlations in a metric; and form a measurement unless the metric indicates that the measurement should be abandoned.

Abstract: A tracking system comprising: a radio frequency (RF) signal circulator; an iridium modem coupled to first port of the circulator; an antenna coupled to second port of the circulator, wherein the circulator passes a signal transmitted by the modem to the antenna when the switch is switched to a first mode; a low noise amplifier (LNA) coupled to third port of the circulator, wherein the circulator passes RF signals received from the antenna to the LNA; a diplexer coupled to an output of the LNA; a GNSS receiver coupled to a first output of the diplexer through a GNSS filter; an iridium filter coupled to a second output of the diplexer; wherein the switch couples the iridium filter to the modem when the iridium modem is in a receiving mode, and wherein the switch couples the modem to the first port when the modem is in a transmitting mode.

Abstract: A system for navigating a mobile object generates satellite navigation data for the mobile object based on satellite navigation signals received from a plurality of satellites and base data received from a stationary base station. The satellite navigation data for the mobile object includes code phase estimates and carrier phase estimates for the plurality of satellites. The system computes position, velocity and time estimates for the mobile object in accordance with the code phase estimates and carrier phase estimates, and performs a navigation function for the mobile object in accordance with the computed position, velocity and time estimates for the mobile object. The system generates the code phase estimates by performing a Vector Delay Locked Loop (VDLL) computation process, and generates carrier phase estimates for the plurality of satellites including by performing a Real-Time-Kinematics Vector Phase Locked Loop (RTK-VPLL) computation process.

Abstract: A method of imaging analyte elements in an organic sample includes providing the sample as a layer on a substrate and reacting the sample on the substrate to produce one or more volatile products that leave the sample while the one or more elements remain in the sample. A majority of the sample layer by weight is removed from the substrate by the reaction and the remaining sample layer is enriched in the one or more elements which are not spatially disturbed by the reaction. The method including subsequently detecting the one or more elements in the concentrated sample layer using an imaging elemental analyzer.

Abstract: A circuit for counting photons, including: an input terminal intended to be connected to a detector of ionising radiation; an analogue stage for generating a pulsed signal, each pulse of which has an amplitude proportional to the energy released by an interaction of at least one photon in the detector; and a digital stage including: at least one first comparator for comparing the amplitude of the pulses to a first threshold; a differentiator circuit for determining periods in which the derivative of the pulse signal is of a given sign; at least one first logic gate for combining the outputs of the first comparator and the differentiator circuit; and at least one first counter for counting the number of pulses present on the output of the combining element.

Abstract: An energy-resolved X-ray image detector includes a scintillation crystal layer, a photon detector layer and an optical layer. The scintillation crystal layer includes a plurality of scintillation crystals. The photon detector layer includes a plurality of photon detector elements. The optical layer is disposed between the scintillation crystal layer and the photon detector layer. The optical layer includes a plurality of optical elements having different light transmittances. The scintillation crystal is used for converting the X-ray beams into scintillation lights, and, when each scintillation light injects the corresponding optical elements, the light transmittances of the optical elements determine whether the scintillation lights can pass through the respective optical elements. The photon detection element then detects the scintillation lights passing through the corresponding optical elements to discriminate the energy of the X-ray beams.

Abstract: A multi-functional and multi-modality radiation detector (10) is provided. The radiation detector (10) comprises at least two detector units (12a, 12b) having photosensitive pixels (14) and at least one scintillation device (20) optically coupled to the photosensitive pixels (14). The detector units (12a, 12b) are arranged next to each other on a substrate foil (24). Therein, the scintillation devices (20) of the detector units (12a, 12b) are spaced apart from each other, such that the radiation detector (10) is bendable. This allows the radiation detector (10) to be used in many different geometrical configurations.

Abstract: One embodiment provides an imaging device, including: an enclosure comprising a casing and a radiation lining arranged within the casing to provide a radiation shield, wherein the enclosure comprises a removable portion; a plurality of modular components; each of the plurality of modular components comprising a plurality of gamma detectors including semiconductor crystals and being removable from the imaging device; the plurality of modular components being arranged such that the plurality of gamma detectors are configured in an array configuration with each of the plurality of gamma detectors having a predetermined spacing from each other gamma detector; a plurality of electronic communication components, wherein the plurality of electronic communication components facilitate communication from each of the gamma detectors to a processor using a hierarchical communication technique; and a cooling system. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Abstract: One embodiment provides an imaging device, including: an enclosure comprising a casing and a radiation lining arranged within the casing to provide a radiation shield, wherein the enclosure comprises a removable portion; a plurality of modular components being in communication with calibration code, wherein the calibration code calibrates the imaging device based upon information of the plurality of modular components; each of the plurality of modular components comprising a plurality of gamma detectors including semiconductor crystals and being removable from the imaging device; the plurality of modular components being arranged such that the plurality of gamma detectors are configured in an array configuration with each of the plurality of gamma detectors having a predetermined spacing from each other gamma detector; a plurality of electronic communication components, wherein the plurality of electronic communication components facilitate communication from each of the gamma detectors using a hierarchical c

Abstract: A neutron detector comprises one or more neutron detector modules (20). Each neutron detector module (20) comprises a neutron moderating block (22) having a plurality of neutron detector blades (2) embedded therein. Each neutron detector blade (2) is generally planar and comprises conversion layers on either side of a light-guiding sheet (8). Each conversion layer (4a, 4b) comprises a mixture of a neutron absorbing material and a scintillation material. This light-guiding sheet (8) is arranged to receive photons emitted from the scintillation material. A photodetector (10) is optically coupled to the light-guide (8) and arranged to detect photons generated in the conversion layers (4a, 4b) as a result of neutron absorption events and received into the light-guiding sheet (8).

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for indirectly measuring a current of a radiation source. In one embodiment, a method comprises generating a scan dataset by transmitting a radiation from a radiation source directly to a detector; calculating a signal to noise ratio of the scan dataset; and determining a current that was used to generate the scan dataset based on the calculated signal to noise ratio. In this way, current of the radiation source may be evaluated without connecting extra equipment to the radiation source.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed relating to tuned seismic signal source arrays for use in seismic surveying. In various embodiments, a survey vessel deploys a plurality of signal sources, including a first signal source and a second signal source, where the first signal source is positioned at a first distance from a subsurface location in a geological formation and the second signal source is positioned at a second distance from the subsurface location that is less than the first distance. Further, various embodiments include performing a first activation of the first signal source at a first time to generate a first seismic signal, and performing a second activation of the second signal source at a second time to generate a second seismic signal, where a particular activation characteristic of the first and second activations differs based on a differences between the first distance and the second distance.

Abstract: A seismic sensor assembly includes a sensor body; cable connectors operatively coupled to the sensor body; and a grounding clamp operatively coupled to the cable connectors. A lightning strike kit for a seismic sensor assembly can include the grounding clamp as an electrically conductive component for electrical coupling to a base and/or a spike of a seismic sensor assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of providing a geologic model representing geologic features based on geologic measurement dataset constituted by a number of data points sampled in a chosen region.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed relating to reducing noise in geophysical marine survey data. Such techniques may include adapting an initial set of noise templates to recorded seismic data to generate adapted noise templates and estimating a noise component in the recorded seismic data. The estimating may include determining a degree to which noise and signal components are correlated in the recorded seismic data and masking the recorded seismic data proportionally to the degree of correlation. The adapted noise templates may then be further adapted to a difference between the estimate of the noise component and the noise templates themselves. Resultant noise templates may then be applied to denoise the recorded seismic data.

Abstract: Determining depth of sensors in marine streamers. Some example embodiments include: reading a depth value at a steering device of a sensor streamer; reading a plurality of tilt values from a respective plurality of tilt sensors in the sensor streamers; and calculating a plurality of depth values comprising one depth value for the location of each tilt sensor of the plurality of tilt sensors, each calculation using the depth value at the steering device and a tilt value from the plurality of tilt values.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed relating to positioning signal sources in a tuned source array for use in seismic surveying. In various embodiments, a survey vessel deploys a plurality of signal sources distributed in a source array. In some embodiments, the plurality of signal sources includes a first signal source positioned at a first depth in a body of water, and a second signal source positioned at a second, shallower depth in the body of water. Various embodiments include controlling the first and second depths such that the first signal source and the second signal source are positioned at substantially the same distance from a target subsurface location in a geological formation. Further, in various embodiments, the first and second signal sources are activated to generate first and second seismic signals.

Abstract: An apparatus for marine seismic surveying includes four seismic sources, each comprising three independent source subarrays, wherein, for each source: each subarray is configured to be towed at a different one of three selected depths, each subarray has a same total volume, and each subarray comprises a same number of source elements; wherein the four sources share the three independent subarrays such that the source array consists of six subarrays. A method for marine seismic surveying includes towing six source subarrays with a survey vessel; and sequentially actuating four sets of three of the six subarrays to generate a source signal with each actuation, wherein, for each of the four sets, the three of the six subarrays: are towed at three different selected depths, have a same total volume, and comprise a same number of source elements.

Abstract: A system (1) for operating a subsea sensor field (2), comprises an automated underwater vehicle-AUV (10) and a subsea service station (13). A sensor (11, 12) in the sensor field (2) comprises a permanently installed base unit (11) and a removable control unit (12). The AUV (10) moves control units (12) to the service station (13) for charging and updating, and then back to the base units. The permanent positions of the base units (11) facilitate time-lapse surveys, and saves energy as heavy equipment may remain on the seafloor.

Abstract: System and method for generating discrete dithering sequences DSi for marine seismic sources Si in a marine acquisition system. The method includes determining a number N of the seismic sources Si to be fired; calculating a dithering sequence DSi for each source Si such that when any two consecutive source activation Sk and Sl, where l=k+1, are selected, a combination DSkl of their dithering sequences DSk and DSl is a uniform random low-discrepancy sequence; and driving each source Si with the corresponding dithering sequence DSi to generate blended seismic data.

Abstract: Inversion of enhanced-sensitivity controlled source electromagnetic data can include approximating a background response from measured controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) response data. The approximation can include performing a first inversion of the CSEM response data using a largest singular value in a diagonal of a matrix associated with the CSEM response data to create a first resistivity model of a subsurface of a subterranean formation and iteratively performing subsequent inversions while increasing an amount of singular values in the diagonal to obtain modeled CSEM response data to create a second resistivity model of the subsurface of the subterranean formation. Inversion of enhanced-sensitivity controlled source electromagnetic data can further include storing results of the first inversion and the iterative subsequent inversions producing a resistivity map based on the first and the second resistivity models.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of determining subsurface temperatures of a surveyed region. The method comprises using a transmitter to transmit a pulsed electromagnetic signal into the ground; using a receiver to detect a return signal following interaction of said transmitted signal with features of the subsurface and determining one or more temperatures within the subsurface from the return signal. The temperature may be determined from a dielectric constant of a subsurface region, as determined from the received signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a methodology and system for resistivity tool design. By using at least one E field antenna instead of magnetic antennas, stronger signals can be captured by a smaller system. The more effective antenna design of the present invention has broad applications in various tools including geosteering, look ahead, and triaxial induction.

Abstract: Provided are systems and methods for monitoring water cresting in a subsurface formation. Embodiments include, for each of a plurality of locations along a length of a horizontal section of a wellbore extending into a hydrocarbon reservoir of a subsurface formation, advancing an omnidirectional electromagnetic logging tool (ODEMLT) to the location, operating the ODEMLT to transmit (into a portion of the subsurface formation below the horizontal section of the wellbore) an electromagnetic (EM) source signal comprising a multi-frequency waveform, operating the ODEMLT to sense an EM return signal comprising a reflection of the multi-frequency waveform from the subsurface formation, and generating a subset of saturation data for the location corresponding to the sensed EM return signal, and generating, based on the subsets of saturation data, a radargram including a two-dimensional mapping of water saturation within the portion of the subsurface formation.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method for noise reduction from a magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) oscillating signal, and more particularly, to a data processing method for reducing random noise contained in MRS oscillating signal based on joint algorithm principles of EMD and TFPF. A MRS oscillating signal is decomposed into different eigen-mode components by using decomposition characteristic of EMD algorithm; then a signal-dominated eigen-mode component is encoded as an instantaneous frequency of an analytical signal of unit amplitude using TFPF algorithm; and random noise is suppressed with the characteristics that the time-frequency distribution of the analytical signal is concentrated along with the instantaneous frequency. The method requires fewer filtering constraints and is simple to operate without need of designing a filtering interval in the time-frequency domain, and has good adaptability to the MRS oscillating signal with a low signal-noise-ratio.

Abstract: System and method for screening objects of an individual, comprising an infeed station, object containers, an outfeed station, a screening station for automated screening of object containers from the infeed station and a conveyor for conveying object containers from the infeed station to the outfeed station via the screening station. The infeed station comprises an identification terminal for determining an identification of the individual, an object container dispenser for making an object container available to the individual, and a detection device for detecting the individual at the infeed station, wherein the object container dispenser is configured to make object containers available to the individual during use of the system only when said individual's identification has been determined and as long as the detection device continues to detect the presence of said individual at the infeed station.

Abstract: According to one general aspect, an apparatus may include a plurality of sensors configured to detect a presence of a source of radiation. The apparatus may include a garment configured to be worn by a user. The garment may include a plurality of tactile feedback devices configured to automatically indicate to the user, without intervention by the user, a direction of the source of radiation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for estimating reservoir productivity as a function of position in a subsurface volume of interest are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: obtain subsurface data and well data corresponding to a subsurface volume of interest; obtain a parameter model; use the subsurface data and the well data to generate multiple production parameter maps; apply the parameter model to the multiple production parameter maps to generate refined production parameter values; generate multiple refined production parameter graphs; display the multiple refined production parameter graphs; generate one or more user input options; receive a defined well design and the one or more user input options selected by a user to generate limited production parameter values; generate a representation of estimated reservoir productivity as a function of position in the subsurface volume of interest using the defined well design and visual effects; and display the representation.

Abstract: An optical element includes a transmissive layer arranged on a substrate and made up of discrete volumes of first and second optical media. The layer is between the substrate and another optical medium. The volumes are arranged so that, averaged over a wavelength's distance of an incident optical signal, the effective reflectivities of the two surfaces of the transmissive layer and the effective double-pass phase delay through the transmissive layer are substantially constant across the transmissive layer. The reflectivities and phase delay result in net power reflectivity that differs from that of the substrate in direct contact with the other optical medium. The transmissive layer can be arranged as an anti-reflection layer.

Abstract: The invention concerns an optical article comprising a substrate with two main surfaces, at least one of which is covered by a polymer coating having an outer surface, said coating comprising a first superficial layer beneath the outer surface having a first refractive index n1 and a second layer beneath the first superficial layer having a second refractive index n2, with n2<nand having the lowest refractive index of said polymer coating, and said coating exhibiting antireflective properties due to the difference between refractive indexes n1 and n2, said refractive index difference within the coating resulting from a plasma, corona, and/or an ion beam treatment of an initial polymer coating, through the outer surface. The invention concerns also a method for manufacturing this optical article.

Abstract: Disclosed is a broadband objective lens and a method of manufacturing the objective lens. The objective lens includes a plurality of lenses, and each of the lenses includes a coating layer on which a nanopattern is formed.

Abstract: A microlens array includes N lenses ranging from a 1st lens to an Nth lens and a lens arrangement area. N is a positive integer. The lens arrangement area has the N lenses arranged in array. The lens arrangement area receives light emitted from a light source. An ith (i being 1st to Nth) lens satisfies a conditional expression below: ?20°???20° where ? denotes an angle formed by a main-axis orientation of double refraction and a reference orientation.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a stepped spacer wafer for a wafer-level camera includes a step of measuring a plurality of focal lengths f1,2, . . . , N of a respective one of a plurality of lenses L1,2, . . . , N of a lens wafer. The method also includes a step of fabricating a stepped spacer wafer including (i) a plurality of apertures A1,2, . . . , N therethrough, and (ii) a plurality of thicknesses T1,2, . . . , N defining a respective thickness of the stepped spacer wafer at least partially surrounding a respective one of the plurality of apertures A1,2, . . . , N. Each of the plurality of thicknesses T1,2, . . . , N is equal to a difference between (a) a respective one of the plurality of focal lengths f1,2, . . . , N, and (b) a uniform thickness that is the same for each of the plurality of thicknesses.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are display and photonic devices utilizing metasurfaces. An optical device comprising an optical component and an optical transmission medium is disclosed. A waveguide couples the optical component and the optical transmission medium. A metasurface is disposed on an end of the waveguide and arranged to increase an optical coupling between the waveguide and the optical transmission medium. Additionally, a display comprising a number of light emitting elements and a metasurface for each of the light emitting elements. The metasurface arranged to eliminate screen door effect in virtual reality display systems.

Abstract: The size of a device can be decreased, a foreign substance is inhibited from being seen in a captured image, and more than one kind of image, that is, a visible-light image and a near-infrared-light image can be captured singly by the device. An imaging device includes an imaging element that captures an image of an object formed by light that passes through an optical system, and a signal-reading portion that reads an image signal from the imaging element, and a filter portion that is disposed on an optical axis of the optical system. The filter portion includes a visible-light-shielding portion that obstructs visible light, and a near-infrared-light-shielding portion that obstructs near-infrared light. The position of the filter portion relative to the imaging element is fixed.

Abstract: An eyewear article for wearing outside of the human eye includes a flexible, transparent interference filter film with a multi-layer structure, wherein the interference filter film includes at least one filter layer with a layer thickness dimensioned to reduce a transmission of light of a selected range of wavelengths by optical interference. The interference filter film may have a static cling surface configured for removable attachment to a lens surface or an attachment layer affixed to the interference filter film for temporary or permanent attachment to a lens surface, for example by adhesion. The interference filter film may alternatively be bonded to an optical lens or form a separate structure for mechanical or magnetic mounting on eyeglasses.

Abstract: A polarized type viewing angle control device including a first polarizer, a second polarizer, a first O-plate compensation film, and a second O-plate compensation film is provided. The first polarizer has a first transmission axis. The second polarizer has a second transmission axis parallel to the first transmission axis. The first and second O-plate compensation films are located between the first and second polarizers and respectively have a first optical axis and a second optical axis. An orthogonal projection of the first optical axis on the first polarizer and an orthogonal projection of the second optical axis on the second polarizer are parallel or perpendicular to the first transmission axis and the second transmission axis. The second optical axis and the first optical axis have opposite inclination directions. A polarized type viewing angle control display device and a polarized type viewing angle control light source module are also provided.

Abstract: A polarized wave separation element includes a multilayer film between a first substrate and a second substrate, the multilayer film being formed by alternately stacking a relatively low refractive index substance and a relatively high refractive index. Define a pair of a low refractive index substance layer and a high refractive index substance layer as a stack, half or more than half of stacks in the multilayer film satisfy following conditional expression (1), where an nth stack from the first substrate is named as an nth stack, Ln is an optical film thickness of the low refractive index substance of the nth stack, and Hn is an optical film thickness of the high refractive index substance of the nth stack, H1:L1=Hn:Ln (1), the polarized wave separation element further comprises a plurality of stacks in the multilayer film satisfying following conditional expressions (2a) and (2b): Hn=H1 X (a+(n?2)×b) (2a), Ln=L1×(a+(n?2)×b) (2b), where a constant a is 1.1 to 1.3, and a constant b is 0.3 to 0.6.

Abstract: Multilayer reflective polarizers are described. More particularly, multilayer reflective polarizers having a higher block light transmission at longer wavelengths than shorter wavelengths while having a high pass light transmission are described. The described multilayer reflective polarizers may be combined with absorbing polarizers or used in display devices.

Abstract: Light diffusing optical fibers for use illumination applications and which have a uniform color gradient that is angularly independent are disclosed herein along with methods for making such fibers. The light diffusing fibers are composed of a silica-based glass core that is coated with a number of layers including a scattering layer.

Abstract: A display device is provided, which includes a display panel, a light guide plate disposed in a rear of the display panel, a light source disposed adjacent to a light-incident surface of the light guide plate and configured to radiate light toward the light-incident surface of the light guide plate, and a holder disposed along a light-facing surface of the light guide plate, the light-facing surface of the light guide plate opposing the light-incident surface of the light guide plate, the holder including a supporting portion that supports a light-emitting surface of the light guide plate, the light-emitting surface of the light guide plate disposed between the light-incident surface and the light-facing surface, wherein the supporting portion of the holder has a first light reflecting surface that faces the light-facing surface of the light guide plate.