Abstract: An integrated fluidics module that reduces mass and volume so that it can readily fit inside a compact biomedical instrument. A fluidics module that integrates discrete components (e.g., pump, connectors, tubing, regulator, and valves) reduces mass and volume requirements.

Abstract: One of embodiments is a semiconductor micro-analysis chip for detecting particles in a sample liquid. The chip comprises a semiconductor substrate, a first flow channel provided on the semiconductor substrate to allow the sample liquid to flow therein, a second flow channel provided at a different position from the first flow channel of the semiconductor substrate to allow the sample liquid or an electrolyte solution to flow therein, a contact portion where a portion of the first flow channel and a portion of the second flow channel abut each other or intersect one another with a partition being arranged between the flow channels, and a fine hole provided on the partition of the contact portion to allow the particles to pass therethrough.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus for segregating particles on the basis of their ability to flow through a stepped passageway. At least some of the particles are unable to pass through a narrower passageway bounded by a segregating step, resulting in segregation of the particles. The breadth of the leading edge of at least one step of the apparatus is significantly greater than the overall width of the passageway in which the step occurs, permitting high and rapid sample throughput. The apparatus and methods described herein can be used to segregate particles of a wide variety of types. By way of example, they can be used to segregate circulating tumor cells from a human blood sample.

Abstract: Methods of generating droplets. In an exemplary method, a device including a sample well, a carrier well, a droplet well, and a plurality of microfluidic channels is selected. The microfluidic channels include a first channel, a second channel, and a third channel. A discrete volume of sample-containing fluid is placed into the sample well, and a discrete volume of carrier fluid is placed into the carrier well. A pressure differential is created after placing the discrete volumes, to cause fluid flow. Sample-containing fluid flows from the sample well to a droplet-generation region of the device via the first channel. Carrier fluid flows from the carrier well to the droplet-generation region via the second channel. Sample-containing droplets and carrier fluid flow from the droplet-generation region to the droplet well via the third channel.

Abstract: A system for separating an analyte from other components of a sample includes a receptacle holding station and a magnetic separation station. The receptacle holding station includes one or more stationary, permanent magnets positioned to apply a magnetic field to the contents of a receptacle held stationary within the receptacle holding station. The magnetic separation station includes one or more permanent magnets and is configured to perform a magnetic separation procedure on the contents of a receptacle transported from the receptacle holding station to the magnetic separation station. The magnetic separation procedure includes isolating an analyte immobilized on a magnetically-responsive solid support within the receptacle and removing other components of the sample from the receptacle. The magnetic separation station is configured to provide relative movement between the receptacle and the one or more permanent magnets after the receptacle is transported to the magnetic separation station.

Abstract: A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) module is detachably combined with a reader system. The reader system includes a central processing unit (CPU) receiving a photo sensing signal to calculate gene amplification amount in real time and generating a temperature control signal based on a temperature signal and a temperature control information. The PCR module includes a photo sensor assembly, a partition wall, and an interface module. The photo sensor assembly includes a plurality of photo sensors and a temperature sensor. The photo sensors are arranged in an array shape to sense emission light generated from a specimen to generate the photo sensing signal. The partition wall is protruded from the photo sensor assembly to define a reaction space in which the specimen is received. The interface module is electrically connected to the photo sensor assembly to transmit the photo sensing signal and the temperature signal to the reader system.

Abstract: A mill and operating method for using grinding bodies for grinding a grinding stock. Grinding bodies that have passed through the through the product outlet enter an upwardly inclined discharge pipe from where, when the grinding body mill is at a standstill, the grinding bodies are directed out of the discharge pipe through the product outlet into a rotor body of the separating device. When operation of the grinding body mill is resumed, the grinding bodies are conveyed back into the grinding chamber owing to the rotation of the rotor body.

Abstract: An impact crusher for crushing a feed material received through an opening of the crusher is provided. The crusher includes: a housing defining a crushing chamber; at least one elevation adjustable impact barrier mounted in the crushing chamber; a barrier adjustment mechanism configured to adjust an elevation of the at least one impact barrier within the crushing chamber; and a rotor mounted in the crushing chamber and turned by a drive mechanism. The rotor is configured to direct feed material toward the at least one impact barrier. The bather adjustment mechanism includes at least one hydraulic cylinder mounted to the at least one impact barrier. The cylinder includes a sensor for detecting an absolute extension of the cylinder. A system for crushing a crushable material including an impact crusher and controller is also provided herein.

Abstract: Hydraulic classifiers are provided for sorting material using injected water. Some embodiments include upper and lower housings having different cross-sectional shapes. In some embodiments, certain improvements are provided for cleanout and/or removal or replacement of teeter bars.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laboratory centrifuge. The laboratory centrifuge comprises a base body (2). The lid (3) is linked to the base body (2) for being pivoted about a pivot axis (6). A damping device (38) damps the pivoting movement of the lid (3), in particular when the lid (3) approaches a maximum opening angle. According to the invention, the damping device (38) bases upon friction between friction elements (23, 26).

Abstract: An aperture plate is manufactured by plating metal around a mask of resist columns having a desired size, pitch, and profile, which yields a wafer about 60 ?m thickness. This is approximately the full desired target aperture plate thickness. The plating is continued so that the metal overlies the top surfaces of the columns until the desired apertures are achieved. This needs only one masking/plating cycle to achieve the desired plate thickness. Also, the plate has passageways formed beneath the apertures, formed as an integral part of the method, by mask material removal. These are suitable for entrainment of aerosolized droplets exiting the apertures.

Abstract: A water spraying assembly includes a spray unit is selectively positioned on a support surface thereby facilitating a user to stand within the spray unit. The spraying unit is fluidly coupled to a fluid source thereby facilitating the spraying unit to spray a fluid onto the user. A spin unit is rotatably coupled to the spray unit and the spin unit is selectively rotated in a first direction. The user repeatedly jumps over the spin unit when the user stands within the spray unit. A remote control is provided and the remote control is in electrical communication with the spin unit such that the remote control selectively turns the spin unit on and off.

Abstract: A spray dryer for drying liquid into powder including an elongated drying chamber, a spray nozzle assembly at an upper end of the drying chamber and a filter element housing and powder collection chamber at a lower end of the drying chamber. The filter element housing comprises a plurality of cylindrical filter elements supported from a wall of an exhaust chamber that communicates with an exhaust gas outlet of the filter element housing. In one embodiment, the filter element housing includes an inner downwardly opening cylindrical shroud surrounding the filter elements which defines an outer annular powder and drying gas passageway communicating with the powder collection chamber, and the exhaust chamber is defined by a downwardly opening conical plenum having an outer conical surface for directing drying gas and powder about the shroud into the powder collection chamber. Filter elements each have a respective reverse gas pulse cleaning device.

Abstract: A steam atomizing liquid spraying system which in the preferred embodiment includes a spray nozzle assembly having a central liquid passageway for coupling to a liquid supply and a plurality of spray nozzles each removably mounted in the nozzle body and having a respective central steam passage communicating with a steam supply. The spray nozzles each further have a plurality of circumferentially spaced liquid accelerating passages that communicate with a respective angled passage of the nozzle body which in turn communicates with the central liquid supply passageway for directing liquid into the central steam passage of the spray nozzle for interaction with steam directed through the central steam passage and atomization of liquid discharging from the spray nozzle. In an alternative embodiment, a single spray nozzle insert is utilized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to self-foaming hot melt adhesive compositions and methods of making and using the same. Self-foaming hot melt adhesive compositions are formed by admixing a dispersion concentrate including a chemical blowing agent and a compatible carrier (liquid or molten) with a molten base hot melt adhesive composition at a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the chemical blowing agent. The resolidified material is processed through a device that heats the material above the decomposition temperature of the chemical agent and cools it below such temperature before being dispensed. The device preferably includes sensors and a controller configured to prevent the material from accumulating an adverse thermal history during processing.

Abstract: A refillable perfume atomizer apparatus is described, capable of refill without requiring pouring or exposure of an interior of the liquid storage chamber to the external atmosphere. The perfume atomizer includes an internal pump that creates a negative air pressure within the sealed liquid storage container so that refill liquid is drawn into the liquid storage chamber when the perfume atomizer dispenser is engaged to a refill reservoir container.

Abstract: A trigger-type liquid ejector includes an ejector main body and a nozzle member. The ejector main body includes a vertical supply pipe, an ejection barrel and a trigger mechanism; and the trigger mechanism includes a main piston and a main cylinder. In the trigger-type liquid ejector, the ejector main body includes a connection tube, a closing-off plug, a reservoir cylinder, a reservoir plunger and a reservoir valve, and the ejection barrel extends forward from the reservoir cylinder.

Abstract: A can coating machine control system includes a coating control signal that functions as a go/no-go signal based on a plurality of monitored conditions such as can in position, vacuum pressure, gun in position, guard in position and speed condition. Local pressure regulation of the coating material in the spray gun is provided along with optional control of the material temperature. Local pressure regulation allows for optional spray weight control based on a wrap number derived from speed and gun spray durations. A CAN to CAN network buffer is provided as well for primary network isolation. A gun control circuit may be used to select specific gun drive signals and to adjust gun drive signals based on real-time feedback of the actual spray duration.

Abstract: A thermal spray system and method includes a hot gas generator with nozzle accelerating heated gas towards a substrate in the form of a gas column projecting onto the substrate surface as a spot. One or more feedstock injectors proximate the nozzle exit, directed towards the gas column, are connected to a feedstock source. The hot gas stream transfers heat and momentum to the feedstock, causing the feedstock particles to impact onto a substrate to form a coating. The system further comprises one or more liquid injectors proximate the nozzle exit, directed towards the axis, and connected to a source of liquid. The system controls the flow and velocity with which the liquid is injected, permitting control of the depth of penetration of the liquid into the gas column. The method selectively prevents suboptimal feedstock particulates from adhering to the substrate and provides for the in-situ removal of suboptimal deposits.

Abstract: The nozzle clog detection device, system, and method detect if a liquid flows through a nozzle via conduction of electricity. The clog detector provides an open circuit at an opening between two conductors. The two conductors are placed in the flow path of a liquid flowing from a nozzle. The liquid from the nozzle conducts electricity. The liquid flowing through the opening between the conductors closes the circuit. An alert system notifies the user whether liquid is flowing through the nozzle. The system detects flow of liquid from multiple nozzles and identifies the nozzles from which liquid flows. A break in the circuit at the opening between the conductors indicates that the liquid is not flowing sufficiently enough to close the circuit.

Abstract: Provided herein is a sprinkler system including a compact-design connector coupling a flexible conduit to a sprinkler body. In one approach a sprinkler assembly includes a t-joint connector, a sprinkler body (e.g., a dry-type pendent body) coupled to the t-joint connector at a first opening of the t-joint connector, and a flexible conduit coupled to the t-joint connector at a second opening of the t-joint coupling. The sprinkler assembly may further include an adjustable bracket coupling the sprinkler body to a building structure, such as a ceiling or wall. The t-joint connector eliminates the use of an elbow-type connection to a flexible hose, thus enabling use in a freezer/cooler application, while also reducing the overall footprint of the sprinkler assembly.

Abstract: A slit opening of a slit nozzle extends unidirectionally in a longitudinal direction from near the center of a circular substrate to near an outer edge of the substrate, and has a length in the longitudinal direction equal to or smaller than a radius of the substrate. When the slit nozzle discharges chemical onto the substrate, a rotary holder rotates the substrate and the slit nozzle relatively to each other about the center of the substrate. Accordingly, the chemical from the slit nozzle all adheres to a surface of the substrate to form an excellent liquid column and a chemical film on an almost entire surface of the substrate along the outer edge of the circular substrate. This yields satisfactory coating of the substrate with the chemical while waste chemical is suppressed.

Abstract: Printing apparatus includes: a printer (thin-film carrier, conveyer, and droplet discharger) printing on a thin film by discharging, while shifting thin film in first direction, droplets containing a functional component from a plurality of positions differing from each other in second direction; and a print uniformity controller (print controller and position switcher) performing the printing for a plurality of times, by using the printer and changing position and/or orientation of thin film relative to the plurality of positions.

Abstract: A roller frame is for use with a roller. The roller frame includes a base component, and first and second supporting components operatively projecting from the base component. Each supporting component has a mounting cap for receiving a corresponding distal end of the roller. The first and second supporting components are angularly adjustable with respect to the base component via a tightening assembly for allowing the roller to be selectively positioned at different angles with respect to the base component of the roller frame.

Abstract: A gluing device (10) for gluing an end edge (11?) of a log (11) comprising, in succession, an introducing group (20) for introducing logs (11) into the gluing device (10), a handling group (30) for handling the log (11) associated with detection means for detecting the end edge (11?) and comprising a pair of rollers (31, 32) selectively for advancing and for holding in rotation the log (11), a glue dispensing group (40) and a transferring group (50) for transferring the log (11) comprising a transferring plane (51) arranged downstream of the lower handling roller (32), between the lower handling roller (32) and the transferring plane (51) has a space (35) for the passage of the end edge (11?), the glue dispensing group (40) being arranged below the transferring plane (51) and comprising a transversal row of glue dispensing nozzles (41) are selectively disinsertable and directed towards the lower handling roller (32), and it comprises a transversal alignment device (23) for aligning the log (11) arranged upstr

Abstract: A method for forming a coating on a stent involves spraying or drying a coating on the stent while the stent is supported on a mandrel assembly, during which part of the stent is made to go out of contact with the mandrel assembly.

Abstract: An aero-contoured coating system is provided. The system has an aerodynamically functional coating having at least one or more color layers, one or more first clearcoat layers over the color layer(s) to obtain a pre-aero-contoured coating, the one or more first clearcoat layers configured for abrasion and aero-contouring to obtain an aero-contoured surface, and one or more additional clearcoat layers over the aero-contoured surface. The system further has a structure having a prepared and primed substrate surface with a primer layer. The system further has an aero-contouring device to abrade a plurality of flow surfaces on a pre-aero-contoured coated surface and to mechanically aero-contour a plurality of coating edges to reduce one or more coating edge peaks and coating edge angles of abutting coating edges between the one or more color layers. The system further has one or more masking elements for masking the one or more color layers.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and methods that relate to resurfacing and refinishing. The compositions comprise an aqueous detergent and VM & P naphtha. The methods can be applied to a variety of wooden surfaces including floors, fixtures, furniture and cabinetry.

Abstract: Methods, processes, compositions and systems for preventing leaching effects from water pipes (such as lead, steel and copper) having an inner diameter of at least approximately 12 mm. 2-part thermoset resin coating is applied to the inner surfaces of the pipes where the curing agent can be a phenol free and plasticizer free adduct type. The coating can reduce heavy metals, such as lead, from leaching from installed pipes to less than approximately 10 ?g/L (10 ppb). When cured, specific leachates, Bisphenol A and Epichlorohydrin from the coatings will be (less than) <1 ?g/L (1 ppb) with overall TOC levels measured at (less than) <2.5 mg/L (2.5 ppm). Pipes can be returned to service within approximately 24 hours, and preferably within approximately 4 hours.

Abstract: Provided are a measurement result display device and a measurement result display method which are capable of making a list of how much difference is present between an allowable value and a measurement value of each measurement item measured by a measuring instrument, in a visually discriminable state. An allowable upper limit value indicator 21 and an allowable lower limit value indicator 22 are disposed at display positions which are set in advance in a measurement result image 20 as positions indicating an allowable upper limit value and an allowable lower limit value, and a measurement value indicator 23 is disposed at a display position calculated from display positions of the allowable upper limit value indicator 21 and allowable lower limit value indicator 22 and a measurement value measured by the measurement unit 10.

Abstract: A method and a device for separation of at least one catalyst and/or adsorbent from a homogeneous mixture of catalysts and/or adsorbents containing one or more metal, semi-metal or non-metal contaminant(s) deposited thereon, making it possible to separate catalysts or adsorbents according to the presence or absence of contaminant and also according to the contaminant content, starting from a sorting threshold that corresponds to a content and that is defined by the operator.

Abstract: A container for the cleaning of an object, intended to receive, in addition to the object to be cleaned, a fluid including ferromagnetic components, and intended to be submitted to the action of a magnetic field generated by the rotation of magnets. The container comprises a bottom wall, a lateral wall, and a removable closing lid, said container being transparent to the magnetic field. The lateral wall of said container comprises on its inside radially-protruding longitudinal fins.

Abstract: A fluid manifold comprised of a manifold adapted to deliver fluid directly into a gap formed between a surface of a substrate and an acoustic transducer. The fluid is delivered into the gap at a variable rate along a length of the manifold. Preferably, the manifold includes a plurality of apertures positioned along the length of the manifold for dispensing the fluid into the gap at the variable rate.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment, comprising removing at least a portion of the coke deposit from the internal surface using a flexible pig comprising a plurality of bristles, without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface of the process equipment. A flexible pig for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface, comprising a flexible body formed of a polymeric material, and a plurality of bristles partially encapsulated by the polymeric material of the flexible body.

Abstract: A firearm cleaning device for cleaning a chamber of a firearm includes a rod and a first disk that is selectively couplable by a first face to a first end of the rod. A plurality of first bristles is coupled to and extends radially from an outer perimeter of the first disk. The rod is configured to be grasped in a hand of a user to insert the first disk into a chamber of a weapon. The rod is positioned to rotate the first disk within the chamber so that the first bristles are rotated within the chamber to loosen debris that is adhered to interior surfaces of the chamber.

Abstract: Provided is a dynamic two-way guide and drainage control method for leachate and landfill gas. The dynamic two-way guide and drainage control method is used in a waste landfill. By implementing the present invention, the water-guiding permeability inside the waste body is improved, and the problems that the water level of the leachate is raised, the landfill gas is escaped, the collection efficiency is extremely low and the like during a waste landfilling process at present are solved.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for safely and efficiently polishing the work rolls of a metal sheet or plate leveler. The apparatus includes a support and one or more polisher assemblies to be inserted between the upper and lower work rolls of the leveler, for simultaneously polishing the upper and/or lower work rolls of the leveler during the rotation of the work rolls.

Abstract: A device and related method for removing debris from a metal wire formed by a process utilizing a lubricant is provided. The device includes at least two segments forming a passage through which the wire passes, each having a leading edge for stripping debris from the wire, and a resilient member positioned around the at least two segments and applying a force to the segments sufficient to cause contact between the leading edges and the wire passing through the passage. The method broadly includes the steps of moving the metal wire through a passage formed by a plurality of segments, contacting the wire moving through the passage using a leading edge of each of the plurality of segments, and applying a force to the plurality of segments to cause contact between the leading edge of each of the plurality of segments and the wire passing through the passage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for forming an aluminium composite material which has a core alloy made from an aluminium alloy of type AA5xxx or AA6xxx and at least one outer aluminium alloy layer provided on one or both sides, wherein the aluminium composite material is formed and the outer aluminium alloy layer provided on one or both sides has a yield strength Rp0.2 of 25 MPa to 60 MPa in the soft or solution-annealed state. The method enables the production of large-surface, heavily formed aluminium alloy sheet metal parts, in particular also in outer skin quality.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a tube includes continuously moving a tubular hollow blank through an expansion tool, and supplying fluid to a space delimited by the expansion tool and the tubular hollow blank the such that a hydraulic pressure is applied inside the tubular hollow blank. The magnitude of the hydraulic pressure is selected such that the tubular hollow blank is deformed plastically. The disclosure also relates to an arrangement for manufacturing a tube.

Abstract: A tool making joints of clinch type between two or several sheet formed members, which tool comprises two separate tool parts, a first tool-part with a punch and a second tool-part provided with a die which co-operate for producing said joint. The punch is arranged to be driven in a linear movement in the direction of the co-axial die provided with a die cavity at the bottom of which an anvil (3) is arranged. A spring element (5) having the general form of a cylindrical cage has a surface which has been provided with a number of slots to form a corresponding number of long elastic arms (11) partitioned around the circumference of the cage with their free ends at the upper edge of the cage.

Abstract: A method of forming a component includes coupling a jacket around at least a portion of a precursor component to form a jacketed precursor component. The jacket is shaped to correspond to a net shape of an outer surface of the component. A mold is formed around the jacketed precursor component. A component material in a fluid state is introduced into a jacketed cavity defined in the mold to form the component. The jacketed cavity is defined in a space at least partially created by removal of the precursor component from the jacketed precursor component.

Abstract: A mold for producing ingots and bars made of precious metal, comprising a body defining at least one cavity for forming an ingot, or a bar, closed in an upward region by at least one removable lid. The particularity of the mold according to the present invention resides in that it comprises at least one recess for forming a sample to be assayed, which is formed on the body, on the lid or on both.

Abstract: An apparatus (100) and method for the production of elongated metal products such as bars, rods or the like: A rolling mill (10) with at least one rolling stand (5); a casting station (20) with at least a first casting line (2a) and at least a second casting line (2b), each line (2a, 2b) being operable to produce respective elongated intermediate products (b2a, b2b), such as billets; wherein at least the first casting line (2a) is directly aligned with the rolling mill (10), the first casting line (2a) being configured to feed the rolling mill (10) with a fully continuous casting strand or with cast elongated intermediate products; and the second casting line (2b) is not aligned with the rolling mill (10).

Abstract: A magnetic phase-transformation material with the formula Nia?mMnb?nCom+nTic is provided, wherein a+b+c=100, 20<a?90, 5?b<50, 5?c?30, 0?m?a, 0?n?b, 0<m+n<a+b, and wherein, any one or combination of a, b, c, m, n represent an atomic percentage content. The magnetic phase-transformation material has properties of high toughness, high deformation rate, ferromagnetism and magnetic field-driven martensitic phase transformation, which can be widely used in various fields including high-strength and high-toughness actuators, temperature and/or magnetic sensitive elements, magnetic refrigeration devices and equipments, magnetic heat pump devices, magnetic memories, micro-electromechanical devices and systems, and thermomagnetic power generators or transducers.

Abstract: A ladle transport car includes a car truck body provided with a wheel, a mounting table arranged on the car truck body, a ladle movement mechanism arranged on the mounting table, on which a ladle is mounted and moved in a horizontal direction, and a ladle turning mechanism arranged between the car truck body and the mounting table and turning the ladle by turning the mounting table in a horizontal plane.

Abstract: The present process provides a method for synthesizing oxide-free copper nanometal dispersion in a free and reduced state using a solution phase synthesis process. A solution of an organic reducing agent containing at least two proximal nitrogen atoms is reacted with a separate solution containing a copper salt reformulated into a charge transfer complex. The reaction products are stabilized with Lewis bases and Lewis acids and optionally can be concentrated by removing a portion of the volatile low molecular weight solvent by either the use of a partial vacuum or by chemical extraction into another phase.

Abstract: New methods of forming chiral nanoparticles (e.g., nano structures) are provided. The method comprises directing circular polarized light (CPL) towards a nanoparticle precursor to cause a photo induced reaction of the nanoparticle precursor and induce chirality to form a stable chiral nanoparticle. In this manner, CPL is used to template chirality onto nanoparticles without use of any chiral component or chiral ligands for inducing chirality to the particle in such a method. The nanoparticles may include a variety of light-absorbing materials (e.g., CdTe, CdS, Au, and the like). Such methods provide a rapid, simple, and inexpensive way of forming chiral nanoparticles that have long term chiral stability.

Abstract: A cutting tool 1 includes a cutting edge 2, a rake face 4 and a flank 5 and is used for cutting a surface of a cylindrical or columnar work W by a skiving process. The cutting tool 1 is configured to satisfy a relational expression: tan?1(cos ?/cos(???)×tan?1(cos?1(r?/r))<??90° where “?” denotes a rake angle, “?” denotes an inclination angle of the cutting edge 2 with respect to the rotation axis A, “?” denotes an angle between a feed direction of the cutting tool 1 and a direction orthogonal to a rotation axis A in a plane view of the cutting tool 1 and the work W, “r” denotes a radius of an outer circumferential surface of the work W before processing, and “r?” denotes the radius of the outer circumferential surface of the work W after processing.

Abstract: A machining toolholder including a body, a horn and a piezoelectric actuator is disclosed. The body includes a center through hole extending in the axial direction therein. The center through hole includes a first hole section and a second hole section. The horn includes a first section and a second section which are disposed coaxially and connected with each other. Part of the first section is slidably inserted into the first hole section. The second section is connected to the body and engaged with a tool. Part of the surface of the second section contacts with a wall surface of the second hole section. The piezoelectric actuator fits around the horn and is controllable to drive the tool to vibrate. With this design, the machining toolholder could have good stiffness and connection stability, and could resist to the stress effectively.