Abstract: Methods and systems for an integrated sensor network are described. In one embodiment, sensor data may be accessed from a plurality of motion sensors and a bed sensor deployed in a living unit for a first time period. An activity pattern for the first time period may be identified based on at least a portion of sensor data associated with the first time period. The activity pattern may represent a physical and cognitive health condition of a person residing in the living unit. Additional sensor data may be accessed from the motion sensors and the bed sensor deployed for a second time period. A determination of whether a deviation of the activity pattern of the first time period has occurred for the second time period may be performed. An alert may be generated based on a determination that the derivation has occurred. In some embodiments, user feedback is captured on the significance of the alerts, and the alert method is customized based on this feedback. Additional methods and systems are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and systems for an integrated sensor network are described. In one embodiment, sensor data may be accessed from a plurality of motion sensors and a bed sensor deployed in a living unit for a first time period. An activity pattern for the first time period may be identified based on at least a portion of sensor data associated with the first time period. The activity pattern may represent a physical and cognitive health condition of a person residing in the living unit. Additional sensor data may be accessed from the motion sensors and the bed sensor deployed for a second time period. A determination of whether a deviation of the activity pattern of the first time period has occurred for the second time period may be performed. An alert may be generated based on a determination that the derivation has occurred. In some embodiments, user feedback is captured on the significance of the alerts, and the alert method is customized based on this feedback. Additional methods and systems are disclosed.

Abstract: Implementations described herein disclose a method for direct screening and monitoring of health parameters of multiple individual subjects in a remote location with easy access and periodic visits by such multiple individual subjects, where such remote location is not a healthcare facility. Furthermore, an apparatus disclosed herein enables remote health monitoring of individual subjects including children outside the confines of a healthcare facility.

Abstract: There is provided a method, apparatus and system for method for tailoring at least one subsequent communication to a user. Data acquired on the user in connection with a plurality of communications to the user is processed to determine a value for one or more characteristics indicative of a state of the user in connection with each communication. At least one communication parameter is varied in respect of each communication. The values for the one or more characteristics indicative of the state of the user that are determined in connection with each communication are compared to identify one or more communication parameters that are most suitable for the user. One or more communication parameters are set for the at least one subsequent communication to the user according to the one or more identified communication parameters. The subsequent communication to the user is enabled based on the set one or more communication parameters.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring the health of an animal using multiple sensors is described. The wearable device may include one or more sensors whose resultant signal levels may be analyzed in the wearable device or uploaded to a data management server for additional analysis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a recording device (10) comprising a scan head carrier (18) for moving the scan head (20) across a scan area (42) of a cavity, the scan area (42) extending around the scan head (20). A flat or film-like, elastically stretchable material extends between the scan head (20) and the scan area (42), which material can be pressed against the scan area (42) in a balloon (12)-type manner using overpressure. The scan head guide (18) passes through the balloon outlet (16) of the balloon (12) towards the scan head (20). In particular, a control device (44) determines the shape of the cavity (40) against which the material is pressed, from deformation of the material when applying said overpressure. A second extraoral scanning head (43) scans deformations during pressurization of the film-like material.

Abstract: Methods for performing orthopaedic surgical procedures including generating scan data from the intra-operatives scans and comparing the scan data to a surgical plan are disclosed. The scan data and other feedback data are used to validate the position and orientation of orthopaedic prosthetic component implanted in a body of the patient.

Abstract: A system for the full-field interferential imaging of a sample, includes an illumination path with a light source, an interferometer with at least one first objective, and a separating element for receiving incident light waves via an input face and for forming an object arm for receiving the sample and a reference arm on which a reflection device is arranged, the reflection device being used to reflect incident light waves in a direction different from the direction of incidence. The separator element has a reflection coefficient and a transmission coefficient that are non-equal such that the proportion of the optical power of the incident light waves sent to the object arm is strictly larger than the proportion of the optical power of the light waves sent to the reference arm.

Abstract: A control processing system and an imaging method for a subcutaneous vein developing device are provided. The control processing system includes a processor subsystem and a programmable logic subsystem. The processor subsystem and the programmable logic subsystem are interconnected via a high-bandwidth Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) bus. The control processing system is in signal communication with a visible light source driving circuit, a near infrared light source driving circuit, a projection imaging element driving circuit, a near infrared imaging element driving circuit, a display screen driving circuit, and a user control interface. For a subcutaneous vein developing imaging application and imaging characteristics thereof, a control processing system architecture of a subcutaneous vein developing system is designed and is implemented in a manner of combining software and hardware.

Abstract: A system for direct imaging and diagnosing of abnormal cells in a target tissue includes a disposable optical speculum and an image acquisition system having the speculum assembled on and mechanically secured thereto. The image acquisition system is arranged to capture at least one of a single image or multiple images or video of cells within the target tissue using at least one of bright field or dark field ring illumination divided into independently operated segments to obtain a plurality of data sets. An image analysis and control unit in communication with the image acquisition system analyzes the data sets and applies algorithms to the data sets for diagnosing abnormal cells.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to optoelectronic interfaces for multimode analyte sensors for use with implantable medical devices. In an embodiment, an implantable medical device is included. The implantable medical device can include a first chemical sensor including an optical excitation assembly comprising a first visible spectrum emitter, a second visible spectrum emitter, and at least one of a near-infrared (NIR) emitter and an ultraviolet emitter. The first chemical sensor can also include an optical detection assembly including a colorimetric response detector, and a photoluminescent response detector. The first chemical sensor can also include a multimode sensing element including a colorimetric response element specific for a first chemical analyte, a photoluminescent response element specific for a second chemical analyte. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for preparation of orthodontics and prosthodontics. A method may include scanning a patient's teeth to form first 3D data of the patient's teeth including a removable element that obscures part of the dental surfaces of the patient's teeth and non-obscured tooth surfaces, removing the removable element form the patient's teeth so that the removable element no longer obscures the part of the dental surfaces of the patient's teeth, and scanning the previously obscured part of the dental surfaces of the patent's teeth and the non-obscured tooth surfaces.

Abstract: A wearable device includes a measurement device to measure a physiological parameter adapted to be placed on a wrist or an ear of a user. First and second light emitting diodes generate corresponding output beams having an initial light intensity and a wavelength between 700-2500 nanometers. A receiver includes spatially separated detectors receiving reflected light from the output beams coupled to analog to digital converters to generate first and second detector signals. The receiver is configured to synchronize to the light emitting diode(s) and to generate an output signal by comparing the first and second detector signals. The measurement device improves signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal by increasing light intensity relative to the initial light intensity of the light emitting diode(s).

Abstract: A system for processing an image of the mouth, includes an image capture device; a mouthpiece attachment, configured to attach to the image capture device and mount the image capture device in a fixed position relative to a user's mouth; a display; and a processing unit; wherein the processing unit is configured to: receive mouth image data from the image capture device; identify an area of analysis within the image data corresponding to the teeth and gums; extract a set of image property features from the area of analysis of the image data; pass the image property features through a condition classifier, the condition classifier configured to compare the values of the extracted image property features against pre-set parameters to identify sub-areas of the area of analysis which are indicative of oral health conditions; and send result data corresponding to the identified sub-areas to the display.

Abstract: In accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, an exemplary system includes a hollow probe having a lumen containing one or more excitation optical fiber(s) and one or more imaging optical fiber(s) where the probe is sized to access a person's body, a first light source optically coupled to the excitation fiber(s) and configured to emit light that excites fluorescence of NADH in breast tissue, a second light source optically coupled to the excitation fiber(s) and configured to emit light that excites fluorescence of FAD in tissue such as breast tissue, an image capturing device optically coupled to the imaging fiber(s), and a controller configured to control the first light source and the image capturing device to capture NADH fluorescence signals/intensities while the probe is within the person's body and control the second light source and the image capturing device to capture FAD fluorescence signals/intensities while the probe is within the person's body.

Abstract: A system for determining a clinically relevant temperature differential between a predetermined area of interest on the body surface of a mammal and a control area on the body surface of said mammal, said system comprising: a visual and thermal image capturing device, said image capturing device comprising: a housing, a means for capturing a digital visual image within said housing; and a means for capturing a digital thermal image within said housing; a display apparatus, said display apparatus comprising means for showing said captured visual image and said captured thermal image; and a computing apparatus, said computing apparatus operatively connected to said image capturing device and to said display apparatus, said computing apparatus comprising: a means for selecting a control area on the surface of the skin; a means for determining an temperature of said control area; a means for selecting an area of clinical interest within said visual image; a means for calculating plane geometric features of said s

Abstract: Provided is a wearable device according to an embodiment. The wearable device includes a light source configured to irradiate light to a target area of a user, a light receiver configured to receive scattered light that is scattered from a bloodstream under the target region, a controller configured to determine a blood pressure value of the user based on an intensity of the received scattered light, and a display unit on which the determined blood pressure value is displayed.

Abstract: A method for configuring a monitoring component for a user includes receiving an electrocardiograph (ECG) signal from an ECG component, receiving a weight signal from a scale component, and combining features extracted from the ECG signal and the weight signal to generate a current biometric signal. Responsive to the current biometric signal matching a historical biometric signal, the method includes obtaining a user profile and determining a health status for association with the user profile by classifying the current biometric signal using disease models and fitness models.

Abstract: The invention relates to endovascular medical implant devices, systems and methods that including a sensing device and a flow diverter device, which are effective to monitor intra-/post-operative hemodynamic properties in the location of a cerebral aneurysm and, hemodynamic alterations following placement of the system for treating ischemic diseases in carotid, coronary and peripheral arteries. The sensing device includes wireless, non-thrombogenic, highly stretchable, ultra-low profile flow sensors.

Abstract: Non-invasive systems can be used to estimate cardiac output and stroke volume. For example, this document provides cuff occlusion systems and methods for their use so that cardiac output and stroke volume can be estimated in a non-invasive fashion. In some implementations, a patient's brachial artery is occluded by an inflatable cuff device for a period of time. A heart rate and a plurality of blood pressure pulse wave measurement curves can be measured using the cuff device. The data collected can be used to calculate an estimate of the patient's cardiac output and stroke volume.

Abstract: A system for monitoring the flow of blood within an endoluminal passage is provided comprising a medical device and a sensor. The medical device is implantable within the endoluminal passage and includes a shaft and an expandable segment coupled to the shaft. The expandable segment is movable between a first state and a second state. Movement of the expandable segment is responsive to a change in the fluid pressure external to the expandable segment. The sensor is positioned on the medical device and is adapted to collect information associated with the state of the expandable segment.

Abstract: A biological information measurement device comprising a sensor configured to measure biological information, wherein the sensor is supported by a wearing portion configured to be worn on a head of a human body, and is located at a position opposing at least any of an artery and a vein in the head when in a state in which the wearing portion is worn on the head.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device (10), system (1) and method (200) for use in blood oxygen saturation measurement of a subject.

Abstract: In a method and magnetic resonance (MR) apparatus for pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement along the aorta of a subject using MR imaging, a multislice cardio synchronized segmented ciné MR data acquisition sequence is optimized in order to enhance inflow representation in the slice images, in order to make the multislice MR data acquisition sequence viable for clinical uses, so as to acquire intensity-based MR data from two transverse slices spaced from each other along the descending aorta. The respective intensities of relevant pixels in at least two respective slice images are analyzed in order to identify the arrival of a pulse wave in the respective slices by the onset of flow enhancement in the slices, represented by intensity changes in the pixels. From the onset of flow enhancement in the respective slice images, PWV is calculated. An electronic signal representing the calculated PWV is then provided from a computer.

Abstract: A blood pressure monitor including a manually operable pressurizer is disclosed. The blood pressure monitor may include a cuff configured to apply a pressure to a target portion of a body of a user, a pressurizer, a depressurizer, and a sensor to measure a blood pressure. The pressurizer may include a rotator, and be configured to supply a fluid to the cuff, to cause the cuff to apply the pressure, through rotation of the rotator caused by an external rotational force applied to the blood pressure monitor to rotate the rotator. The depressurizer may be configured to reduce the applied pressure applied by the cuff to the target portion.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a blood pressure information measurement apparatus includes the following steps: forming a hole in a flexible resin sheet; inserting a connecting pipe into the hole; overlaying a first end portion and a second end portion of the flexible resin sheet such that an inner side of the first end portion contacts an outer side of the second portion; welding a location at which the first end portion and the second end portion overlap to form a first welded portion, such that the flexible resin sheet forms a tube-shaped body having a first end and a second end; flattening the tube-shaped body; welding the first end and the second to form two second welded portions, such that the tube-shaped body forms a bladder having two long sides and two short sides; and welding portions of the resin sheet which overlap along a first long side to form one or more partial welded portions.

Abstract: A cuff for monitoring physiological cycles has an exterior and interior surface and securing means. The cuff consists of a body having an upper curve, a lower curve and a height (CH) therebetween. A sensor adhered with a flexible protective overlay to the interior surface is in communication with a microprocessor storage means. The microprocessor storage means can be within the cuff or separate therefrom with communication between the sensor and the storage means being wireless or through a communication member. A locking tab, having a width less than the body, extends from one side of the body. A slot retaining area extends from the body on a side opposite the locking tab and contains a slot dimensioned to receive the locking tab. A pull tab is adjacent the slot retaining area opposite the body. The pull tab shares a base with the slot retaining area and has a top line and an end width less than the width of the body.

Abstract: A method for heart rate measurement in a photoplethysmograph (PPG) heart rate monitor device is provided that includes performing motion compensation on a PPG signal wherein a motion compensated PPG signal PPGaccX is generated with reference to an X-axis acceleration signal, a motion compensated PPG signal PPGaccY is generated with reference to a Y-axis acceleration signal, and a motion compensated PPG signal PPGaccZ is generated with reference to a Z-axis acceleration signal, combining PPGaccX, PPGaccY, and PPGaccZ to generate a final motion compensated PPG signal, wherein a first weight is applied PPGaccX, a second weight is applied to PPGaccY, and a third weight is applied to PPGaccZ, performing a single Fourier Transform (FT) on the final motion compensated PPG signal to generate a frequency domain PPG signal; and estimating a heart rate based on the frequency domain PPG signal.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program, the apparatus comprising: processing circuitry and memory circuitry including computer program code, the memory circuitry and the computer program code arranged to, with the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to: obtain an audio signal from an audio sensing means wherein the audio signal comprises a subject's heartbeat; obtain a further signal from a further sensing means wherein the further signal also comprises the subject's heartbeat; use the further signal to identify individual heart beats in the audio signal; and analyse the individual heartbeats of the audio signal to enable the audio signal to be classified.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods are described for acquiring heart sound timing content to enhance pulse waveform analysis.

Abstract: A pulse measurement apparatus, a method therefor, and a vehicle system are provided. The pulse measurement apparatus includes a communicator configured to transmit a first signal to a user and receive a second signal reflected from the user during a predetermined time, a filter configured to extract a signal of a set frequency band from the second signal, a setting device configured to set a frequency band of the filter to a first frequency band or a second frequency band, and a pulse detector configured to measure a pulse from the signal extracted by the filter, analyze an average pulse, and detect pulse information of the user from the analyzed result.

Abstract: A biological interface platform may include a WGPU customized for biological implantation in a living organism. The WGPU may be connected to modular probes, which may also be implanted and integrated together via software. The biological interface platform may be designed for the recording and/or transmission of biological information to and/or from a subject via a wireless interface and integration of that information across a software workspace.

Abstract: Embodiments can include a nerve mapping and monitoring system that can include a multi-polar stimulation unit, an electrical connector, an instrument having a grid array, where the grid array can comprise a plurality of electrodes, where each of the plurality of electrodes can be configured to be stimulated by the multi-polar stimulation unit, a recording element, where the recording element can be configured to detect a muscle response elicited by the grid array, and a computer, where the computer can be configured to monitor the muscle response elicited by the grid array such that neural structures can be identified and avoided.

Abstract: A biomagnetic measurement apparatus includes a table on which a subject is placed; a biomagnetic detector configured to detect a biomagnetic field of the subject; a supporter configured to support a detection target region from which the biomagnetic field of the subject is detected; a radiation detector provided below the supporter; and a position changer configured to change relative positions of the biomagnetic detector and the detection target region. The supporter has a surface shape that corresponds to a surface of the biomagnetic detector.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a biomagnetism measuring device capable of accurately detecting biomagnetism regardless of the object to be measured. This biomagnetism measuring device (1) is provided with: a plurality of magnetic sensors (11) which detect biomagnetism of a living body (100); a retaining portion (12) including retaining holes (12a) which retain the plurality of magnetic sensors (11) with freedom to move individually; and a movement mechanism which moves the magnetic sensors (11) individually in a contacting/separating direction causing the magnetic sensors (11) to come into contact with or separate from the living body (100). As movement mechanisms there may be mentioned, for example, a pneumatic/hydraulic mechanism (20), a resilient body mechanism (30), a screw mechanism (40) and a gear mechanism (50).

Abstract: Catheterization of the heart is carried out by inserting a probe having electrodes into a heart of a living subject, recording a bipolar electrogram and a unipolar electrogram from one of the electrodes at a location in the heart, and defining a window of interest wherein a rate of change in a potential of the bipolar electrogram exceeds a predetermined value. An annotation is established in the unipolar electrogram, wherein the annotation denotes a maximum rate of change in a potential of the unipolar electrogram within the window of interest. A quality value is assigned to the annotation, and a 3-dimensional map is generated of a portion of the heart that includes the annotation and the quality value thereof.

Abstract: A lead for active implantable medical devices comprising a chip, notably for electrode multiplexing. The lead includes an insulating supporting tube interposed in a flexible elongated tube, with a central bore coaxial with the lumen of the lead. The supporting tube comprises on its surface at least one crossing conductive strip extending in the axial direction. A chip on a flexible substrate is disposed with a bent or curved conformation in a receptacle of the supporting tube isolated from the conductive strip. An electrode, e.g., for cardiac sensing/pacing, carried by the supporting tube is electrically connected to an outer conductive pad of the chip. The conductive strip is connected (i) at each end, face to face to a conductive connection, housed in the sheath, and (ii) in a central region, to an inner conductive pad of the chip.

Abstract: A P-wave centric subcutaneous insertable cardiac monitor for use in performing long term electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring is disclosed. An implantable housing made of a biocompatible material is provided. At least one pair of ECG sensing electrodes is provided on a ventral (or dorsal) surface and on opposite ends of the implantable housing operatively placed to facilitate sensing in closest proximity to the low amplitude, low frequency content cardiac action potentials that are generated during atrial activation.

Abstract: A catheter with basket-shaped electrode assembly with spines configured for hyper-flexing in a predetermined, predictable manner when a compressive force acts on the assembly from either its distal end or its proximal end. At least one spine has at least one region of greater (or hyper) flexibility that allows the electrode assembly to deform, for example, compress, for absorbing and dampening excessive force that may otherwise cause damage or injury to tissue wall in contact with the assembly, without compromising the structure and stiffness of the remaining regions of the spine, including its distal and proximal regions. The one or more regions of greater flexibility in the spine allow the spine to flex into a generally V-shape configuration or a generally U-shape configuration.

Abstract: A method of obtaining and analyzing ECG data from a patient or group of patients is disclosed. The ECG data is obtained from the patient at an acquisition device. Once the ECG data is obtained, the ECG data is transmitted to an analysis server that is operated by an analysis provider and is located remote from the location of the acquisition device. Along with the ECG data, acquisition parameters are transmitted to the analysis server. At the analysis server, one of a plurality of algorithms is selected to analyze the ECG data. If an abnormality is detected, the patient information is directed to a healthcare provider who can then contact the patient to schedule an appointment. Based upon the referral, a referral fee can be transferred from the healthcare provider to the analysis provider. The patient can be prompted to provide additional information and selections that dictate the level of analysis generated.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting slow and persistent rhythms, such as indicative of ventricular response to atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT), are described herein. An arrhythmia detection system monitors patient ventricular heart rate, and identifies slow heart beats with corresponding heart rates falling below a rate threshold during a detection period. The system identifies one or more sustained slow beat (SSB) sequences each including two or more slow heart beats. The system determines a first prevalence indicator of the identified slow heart beats, and a second prevalence indicator of the identified SSB sequences during the detection period. An arrhythmia detector circuit detects a slow and persistent rhythm using the first and second prevalence indicators.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for analyzing electrocardiogram (ECG) data of a patient using a substantial amount of ECG data. The systems receive ECG data from a sensing device positioned on a patient such as one or more ECG leads. The system may include an application that communicates with an ECG platform running on a server(s) that processes and analyzes the ECG data, e.g., using neural networks for delineation of the cardiac signal and classification of various abnormalities, conditions and/or descriptors. The processed ECG data is communicated from the server(s) for display in a user-friendly and interactive manner with enhanced accuracy.

Abstract: A bio-signal measuring apparatus includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, a fourth electrode, and a first circuit network and a second circuit network, each of the first circuit network and the second circuit network includes one or more resistances. The bio-signal measuring apparatus further includes an impedance measurer configured to measure a first impedance of the first circuit network in a first correction mode, measure a second impedance of the second circuit network in a second correction mode, measure a third impedance of an object in a first measurement mode, using the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, and the fourth electrode, and measure a fourth impedance of the object in a second measurement mode, using the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, and the fourth electrode.

Abstract: A medical imaging system including a microwave antenna array having a transmitting antenna and a plurality of receiving antennae, wherein the transmitting antenna is configured to transmit microwave signals so as to illuminate a body part of a patient and the receiving antennae are configured to receive the microwave signals following scattering within the body part; a processor configured to process the scattered microwave signals and generate an output indicative of the internal structure of the body part to identify a region of interest within the body part; and a biopsy device comprising a biopsy needle movable relative to the microwave antenna array; wherein the receiving antennae are further configured to receive microwave signals scattered or emitted by the biopsy needle and the processor is further configured to monitor a position of the biopsy needle and to guide the biopsy needle to the identified region of interest within the body part.

Abstract: According to one aspect, an implantable medical device may include an anchor assembly configured to anchor the medical device to a body lumen. The implantable medical device may also include a capsule. The capsule may include a pH sensor. The pH sensor may be configured to measure a pH of contents within the body lumen. The capsule may also include a power source, a controller, and an impedance sensor. The impedance sensor may be configured to measure an impedance within the body lumen.

Abstract: Injection-less methods to determine cross-sectional areas using multiple frequencies. An exemplary method comprises the steps of operating an impedance device to introduce three signals having different frequencies into a mammalian luminal organ and obtaining conductance data in connection with each of the three signals using an impedance detector of the impedance device, and determining a cross-sectional area of the mammalian luminal organ based upon the conductance data in connection with each of the three signals, a conductivity of blood within the mammalian luminal organ, and a known distance between detection elements of the impedance detector.

Abstract: A medical device-placing system includes an ultrasound probe, a medical-device detector, a console, and an alternative-reality headset. The ultrasound probe is configured to emit ultrasound signals into a patient's limb and receive echoed ultrasound signals from the patient's limb. The medical-device detector is configured for placement about the patient's limb. The console is configured to transform the echoed ultrasound signals to produce ultrasound-image segments corresponding to anatomical structures of the patient's limb, as well as transform magnetic-sensor signals from the medical-device detector into location information for a magnetized medical device within the patient's limb. The alternative-reality headset includes a display screen through which a wearer of the alternative-reality headset can see the patient's limb.

Abstract: An apparatus for emitting a field comprising a a core, a conductive winding with a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion, where the conductive winding surrounds a portion of the core and is wound about a winding axis, a protrusion for aligning the apparatus where the protrusion is parallel with the winding axis, and a conductive connector extending from the conductive winding, wherein the conductive connector is electrically coupled with the conductive winding at the intermediate portion.

Abstract: A method of detecting a localization element/sheath state change with a localization system includes establishing a localization field using a plurality of localization field generators, obtaining first and second localization signals from first and second catheter-borne localization elements within the localization field, respectively, comparing the quadrature components of the first and second localization signals, and detecting a localization element/sheath state change for one of the catheter-borne localization elements based on the comparison between quadrature components. For example, withdrawal of a localization element into an introducer sheath can be detected when the comparison between quadrature components exceeds a preset amount. Conversely, re-emergence of the localization element from the introducer sheath can be detected when the comparison between quadrature components returns below the preset amount.

Abstract: A medical instrument includes an instrument position sensor operable to generate an instrument position signal. A first head position sensor is configured to be secured in a first fixed location on or in a patient's head and generate a first head position signal. Field generating elements are configured to generate an electromagnetic field around the patient's head. A processor processes the instrument position signal to determine positioning of the patient's instrument within the electromagnetic field. The processor also processes the first head position signal to determine positioning of the patient's head within the electromagnetic field. The processor determines the position of the instrument within the patient's head based on the determined position of the patient's instrument within the electromagnetic field and based further on the determined position of the patient's head within the electromagnetic field.