Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine includes an intake-side variable valve timing mechanism and a controller. The intake-side variable valve timing mechanism is configured to continuously advance or retard a phase of a cam that actuates an intake valve. The controller is configured to actuate the intake-side variable valve timing mechanism toward a retardation side and position the intake-side variable valve timing mechanism at a prescribed position, and execute fail-safe control on the basis of a signal from a cam position sensor instead of a signal from the crank position sensor, when it is determined that there is a failure in a crank position sensor of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for diagnosing sticking in a cylinder deactivation apparatus, the method comprising: an intake valve sticking determining step of determining whether the intake valve is stuck closed or stuck open by detecting the amount of variation of intake pressure in each intake manifold cylinders in an operation-off mode of the cylinder deactivation apparatus and comparing the amount of variation with a predetermined value; and an exhaust valve sticking determining step of determining whether the exhaust valve is stuck closed or stuck open by detecting the state of the air-fuel ratio in exhaust gas if it is determined whether the intake valve is stuck closed or stuck open in the intake valve sticking determining step, thereby sensing the stuck closed or the stuck open state of the intake valve and the exhaust valve so as to diagnose failure of the cylinder deactivation apparatus.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating an engine that includes cylinders that may be deactivated are presented. In one example, intake and exhaust valves of a cylinder may be operated according to valve operation for a conventional four stroke cycle. The same valves may be operated differently during a four stroke cycle to provide air charge and exhaust charge to active cylinders during a different four stroke cycle.

Abstract: An alternative fueling system configured to consume alternative fuels by renewable identification number (RIN) assignment to enforce neat consumption; or moreover and more specifically, to utilize that RIN assignment whenever neat consumption is possible, thereby lessening usage constraints upon the remaining stock(s) of renewable fuel as an example, and/or to provide purging of the alternative fuel from the engine on shutdown.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a motor vehicle for diagnosing an exhaust gas catalytic converter (28), which is arranged in an exhaust gas tract (20) of an internal combustion engine (12) and is suitable for converting at least one exhaust gas component, wherein the exhaust gas tract (20) has an exhaust gas sensor (48) arranged upstream of the exhaust gas catalytic converter (28) and has an exhaust gas recirculation system (38), which is designed to remove at least part of the exhaust gas from an exhaust gas duct (24) of the exhaust gas tract (20) downstream of the exhaust gas catalytic converter (28) and to feed the removed exhaust gas to the internal combustion engine (12).

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for operating a split exhaust engine system that provides blowthrough air and exhaust gas recirculation to an intake passage via a first exhaust manifold and exhaust gas to an exhaust passage via a second exhaust manifold. In one example, during a cold start, a method may include adjusting a position of a first valve disposed in an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) passage based on an engine operating condition, the EGR passage coupled between the first exhaust manifold coupled to a first set of exhaust valves and the intake passage, upstream of a compressor. As one example, the engine operating condition may include an engine temperature or a temperature of a catalyst disposed in the exhaust passage.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for an engine capable of receiving liquid and gaseous fuel. In one example, cylinder misfire may be identified based on a misfire monitor. The misfire monitor may detect misfire based on signals from a crankshaft sensor.

Abstract: Methods and systems for simultaneously operating port fuel injectors and direct fuel injectors of an internal combustion engine are described. In one example, operation of all of an engine's port fuel injectors may be adjusted in response to degradation of a sole port fuel injector so that an engine may operate as desired with a plurality of direct fuel injectors.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting and controlling knock in an engine are presented. In one example, engine knock sensors are selected based on whether or not certain cylinders are activated and combusting air and fuel or deactivated and not combusting air and fuel. Output of selected knock sensors is the basis for adjusting engine spark timing.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating an engine with deactivating and non-deactivating valves are presented. In one example, a position of one or more volumetric efficiency control devices is changed in response to a request to deactivate one or more engine cylinders while at the same time the engine central throttle is adjusted. Spark timing may also be adjusted if engine air flow deviates from a desired engine air flow.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas purification device which is arranged in an exhaust passage and includes a NOx storage reduction (NSR) catalyst. The control apparatus, when the air fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is shifted from a lean air fuel ratio to the stoichiometric air fuel ratio, determines a predetermined NOx amount so as to be larger when the temperature detected by the first detection unit is high in comparison with when the detected temperature is low, and when the storage amount of NOx in the NSR catalyst is larger than the predetermined NOx amount, performs the rich spike processing and then controls the air fuel ratio to the stoichiometric air fuel ratio, whereas when otherwise, controls the air fuel ratio to the stoichiometric air fuel ratio without performing the rich spike processing.

Abstract: A method for heating a sliding camshaft actuator at cold engine start wherein the sliding camshaft actuator includes at least one magnetic field generating coil having a core, a piston armature disposed in the core of the at least one magnetic field generating coil, a magnet in mechanical communication with the piston armature, and an actuator pin in mechanical communication with the magnet. The method includes detecting a cold engine start condition and reversing an energizing voltage on the at least one magnetic field generating coil when the outside temperature is below a predetermined temperature threshold. The reverse energizing voltage on the at least one magnetic field generating coil is maintained for a predetermined period of time to heat the piston armature, the magnet, and the actuator pin.

Abstract: An estimation device includes: a memory and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute a process including: determining a point of a burning having a higher peak in a predetermined range of a heat release rate based on a peak of a burning having a smaller peak, in a heat release rate waveform in an internal combustion engine that performs a multiple-stage fuel injection; calculating a tangential line of the heat release rate waveform at the point; setting a predetermined point on the tangential line as an initial value for identifying a model parameter of a heat release rate model; identifying the model parameter so that a difference between a calculation value of the heat release rate model and the heat release rate waveform is reduced with use of the initial value; and estimating a heat release rate with a result of an identification of the identifying.

Abstract: An abnormality diagnosis system of an air-fuel ratio sensor is provided with an exhaust purification catalyst, an upstream side air-fuel ratio sensor which is provided at an upstream side of the exhaust purification catalyst, a downstream side air-fuel ratio sensor which is provided at a downstream side of the exhaust purification catalyst, and a diagnosis device which uses the outputs of these air-fuel ratio sensors as the basis to diagnose abnormality of the downstream side air-fuel ratio sensor.

Abstract: A controller of an air-fuel-ratio sensor includes a control unit, a voltage-abnormality detecting unit, and a short-circuit-abnormality detecting unit. The control unit controls a current and a voltage of a gas sensor element through a plurality of terminals connected with the gas sensor element. The voltage-abnormality detecting unit changes, when at least one of voltages of the plurality of terminals is out of a predetermined range, a voltage level of an output voltage. The short-circuit-abnormality detecting unit causes, when the voltage level of the output voltage changes from a first voltage into a second voltage, a control unit to perform for a predetermined time a protective operation that suppresses currents from the control unit to the plurality of terminals, and detects, when the voltage level of the output voltage is the second voltage after the protective operation is released, a short-circuit abnormality.

Abstract: An engine system includes an engine, an atmospheric pressure sensor, an intake pressure sensor, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to execute atmospheric pressure learning for learning a relation between atmospheric pressure and an intake air amount of the engine based on the atmospheric pressure detected by the atmospheric pressure sensor, and execute fuel injection control of the engine using an initial value of an intake air amount model obtained based on the atmospheric pressure learning. The electronic control unit is configured to execute the fuel injection control of the engine using an initial value of the intake air amount model obtained based on the intake pressure detected by the intake pressure sensor, when rotational speed of the engine is less than a specified rotational speed at start of the fuel injection control of the engine.

Abstract: A pressure reducing valve control apparatus is provided for a fuel supply system having a common rail and a pressure reducing valve to control rail pressure in the common rail by controlling a current supply state of the pressure reducing valve. The pressure reducing valve operates to open a valve body for discharging fuel from the common rail against a biasing force applied in a valve-closing direction by fuel-generated valve-opening force biasing the valve body in a valve-opening direction by the rail pressure and an electromagnetic force generated by current supply to an electromagnetic coil. The ECU starts to open the valve body during a period of holding a hold value by holding current supplied to the electromagnetic coil at a predetermined hold value after starting current supply to the electromagnetic coil. The ECU sets the hold value to increase as the rail pressure decreases.

Abstract: Fuel injector wear methodologies for use with internal combustion engines include a method that determines power of the engine and/or fuel flow of a fuel injector(s) associated with a cylinder the engine; obtains a duration of a fuel injection event from the injector(s) associated with the cylinder(s) of the engine; compares the power, the fuel flow, and/or the duration with a reference value; and then adjusts the fuel injection timing of the fuel injector(s), based on the comparison. Another method adjusts operation of an engine includes: comparing two (or more) engine models, wherein one model is related to a fuel injection event duration of the engine or a modeled fuel quantity being supplied to the engine and then adjusting the fuel injection timing of a fuel injector(s) of the engine, based on the comparison.

Abstract: An engine assembly includes an engine and a plurality of actuators. The plurality of actuators includes a first turbine serially connected to a second turbine, the first turbine being a relatively high pressure turbine and the second turbine being a relatively low pressure turbine. A controller is configured to transmit respective command signals to the plurality of actuators. The controller is programmed to obtain respective transfer rates for the plurality of actuators based at least partially on an inversion model. The controller is programmed to control an output of the engine by commanding the plurality of actuators to respective operating parameters via the respective command signals. Prior to obtaining the respective transfer rates, the controller is programmed to determine a respective plurality of desired values and respective correction factors for the plurality of actuators.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for controlling a flow control valve for a high-pressure fuel pump include: a pressure sensor for fuel in a delivery pipe; a control unit for controlling an operation of a flow control valve by controlling a current applied to a coil; a power switching unit for supplying or blocking driving power supplied to the flow control valve based on a control signal of the control unit; and a current adjustment unit electrically connected/disconnected with the flow control valve by the power switching unit to reduce a current supplied to the flow control valve when the current adjustment unit is connected with the flow control valve. Therefore, a noise and a vibration by collision between the plunger and the core upon closing the flow control valve may be attenuated by adjusting a current amount applied to the coil.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving fuel injection of an engine that includes a cylinder receiving fuel from two different fuel injectors is disclosed. In one example, a transfer function or gain of a direct fuel injector is adjusted in response to an exhaust lambda value and a first pulse width of two pulse widths provided to an injector of a cylinder during a cylinder cycle.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel supply device for an internal combustion engine. When fuel pressure in a high-pressure fuel pipe changes as a result of the driving of a high-pressure pump, the changing fuel pressure propagates as pulsation into a low-pressure fuel pipe. A degree of influence of propagation of pulsation decreases as fuel pressure in the low-pressure fuel pipe increases. When the high-pressure pump is in an operating state where the degree of influence of the pulsation of the fuel pressure propagating from the high-pressure fuel pipe on the fuel pressure in the low-pressure fuel pipe is high, boost control for driving a feed pump to raise the fuel pressure in the low-pressure fuel pipe is executed.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for adjusting combustion parameters to increase combustion stability during conditions when condensate formed in a charge air cooler may enter cylinders of an engine. In response to increased mass air flow and a condensate level in the charge air cooler, the engine may combust a rich air-fuel ratio while increasing a positive valve overlap.

Abstract: A method for working a wall of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, in which peripheral grooves are machined into the wall, wherein at least one annular saw blade, which is provided on a circumference with a multiplicity of cutting teeth, is used for introducing the grooves, wherein the saw blade is moved so as to rotate about its longitudinal axis and on an annular path. A subsequent forming operation on the lands that are formed between neighboring grooves causes the formation of undercuts that can improve the connection of the wall of the cylinder to a subsequently applied coating layer.

Abstract: A piston including at least one insert disposed between an inner surface of a ring belt and undercrown surface, and/or between the inner surface of the ring belt and a pin boss, to provide reinforcement to the ring belt is provided. The insert reduces thermal and mechanical distortion of the ring belt, and thus increases the piston ring performance, reduces blow-by, and ultimately improves engine emissions. The insert is formed by an additive machining process, such as direct depositing, laser cladding, laser sintering, arc welding, additive welding, plasma transferred arc spraying, plasma welding, arc welding, selective laser sintering, and high velocity oxygen fuel spraying, plasma spraying. According to one embodiment, an intermediate piece is mechanically attached to the piston, and the insert is applied to the intermediate piece, to provide additional reinforcement.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine may include a shaft. A dual-layer coating with an inner layer and an outer layer may be applied to the shaft. The inner layer may include organic binders and solid lubricants. The inner layer may also include hard material particles of at least one of tungsten disulphide (WS2), tungsten carbide (WC), silicon carbide (SiC), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3). The outer layer may include inorganic binders, may be air-hardening, and may have a lower wear resistance than the inner layer.

Abstract: An integrated composite structure with a graded coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is formed by selecting a plurality of layers of materials with a graded CTE and using build-up (bottom-up) fabrication approaches such as metal deposition or powder metallurgy to produce a CTE-graded layered composite preform, which is then consolidated and heat treated to create the CTE graded integrated composite billet or near net shape. The integrated composite billet or near net shape is then processed to produce a first surface for attachment of a first structural member having a first CTE and to produce a second surface of for attachment of a second structural member having a second CTE.

Abstract: A thrust reverser actuator system fitting and a v-blade may be coupled to a track beam. A portion of the load between a translating sleeve and a fan case may be transmitted through the track beam. The thrust reverser actuator system fitting may comprise an integral v-blade.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to dual mode bipropellant chemical rocket propulsion systems to be used in aerospace applications for 1) orbit raising, orbit maneuvers and maintenance, attitude control and deorbiting of spacecraft, and/or 2) propellant settling, attitude and roll control of missiles, launchers and space planes. The present invention also relates to a dual mode chemical rocket engine for use in such systems. The engine uses low-hazardous storable liquid propellants and can be operated either in monopropellant mode or in bipropellant mode. The monopropellants used are a low-hazard liquid fuel-rich monopropellant, and a low-hazard liquid oxidizer-rich monopropellant, respectively.

Abstract: Provided herein are various improvements to rocket engine components and rocket engine operational techniques. In one example, a rocket engine propellant injection apparatus is provided that includes a manifold formed into a single body by an additive manufacturing process and comprising a fuel cavity and an oxidizer cavity. The manifold also includes one or more propellant feed stubs, the one or more propellant feed stubs protruding from the manifold and formed into the single body of the manifold by the additive manufacturing process, with at least a first stub configured to carry fuel to the fuel cavity and at least a second stub configured to carry oxidizer to the oxidizer cavity. The manifold also includes a plurality of injection features formed by apertures in a face of the manifold, ones of the plurality of injection features configured to inject the fuel and the oxidizer for combustion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a combustion gas discharge nozzle for a rocket engine including a stationary part and a moving part extending from the stationary part, the moving part made using flaps positioned downstream from the stationary part and forming an extension of the nozzle, the nozzle including a sealing device extending between the fixed part and the moving part in the form of a flexible membrane withstanding a local temperature of the combustion gases at the nozzle outlet and connecting the end of the stationary part to a border of the flaps or petals forming the moving part, the flexible membrane forming an annular tubing, the sealing device being provided with a duct for injecting gas at the flexible membrane between the stationary part and the moving part extending the nozzle.

Abstract: Methods and systems for accurate and precise fuel supply control for continuous-flow of gaseous fuel to an internal combustion engine over a large dynamic power range, including a dual-stage valve that allows optimal control—a first stage in the form of a voice-coil driven electronic pressure regulator, and a second stage in the form of a voice-coil-driven choked-flow valve; monitoring the pressure of the fuel intermediate the two stages and making appropriate adjustments to the first stage via a pressure actuator loop; feeding the gaseous fuel mixture through a unitary block assembly into the second stage; monitoring the pressure of the air/fuel mixture and making appropriate adjustments to the second stage via a valve actuator control loop.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for accurately determining the composition of a knock control fluid using sensors already present in the engine system. An intake or an exhaust oxygen sensor is used to estimate the water and the alcohol content of a knock control fluid that is direct injected into an engine cylinder responsive to an indication of abnormal combustion. A change in the pumping current of the oxygen sensor due to the water content of the knock control fluid is distinguished from a change in the pumping current of the oxygen sensor due to the alcohol content of the knock control fluid.

Abstract: A first electromagnetic valve includes a suction port that communicates with a purge pipe and sucks vaporized gas from a canister, a discharge port that communicates with a first purge pipe and discharges the vaporized gas to a downstream side of a throttle, a branch port that communicates with second purge pipes to which a second electromagnetic valve is attached and causes the vaporized gas to branch off to an upstream side of a compressor, a branch passage that diverges into and communicates with the suction port, the discharge port and the branch port. The branch passage includes a chamber having an inner diameter larger than each inner diameter of the ports.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a fuel vapor canister with a modular configuration that may include a number of physically and releasably coupled canister modules, each module including a temperature sensor embedded therein and filled with one of a number of adsorbents. The temperature sensors may be utilized in combination with information regarding module position and the adsorbents within each module to indicate whether one or more of the individual canister modules are not functioning as desired, where such indications are determined during either refueling events, or during canister purging events. In this way, costs associated with servicing fuel vapor canisters may be reduced, the lifetime of fuel vapor canisters may be improved, an overall reduction in undesired evaporative emissions may be achieved, and the capacity of the canister may be readily adjusted based on emissions standards.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for exhaust gas heat recovery and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooling using a single split heat exchanger. Exhaust heat from each of a first portion of exhaust routed to the intake manifold as EGR and a second portion of exhaust diverted via a bypass passage for exhaust heat recovery may be transferred to a coolant flowing through the heat exchanger. The direction of coolant flow via the heat exchanger may be adjusted based on the coolant temperature.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation valve device for a vehicle includes: a mixer tube extending between an inlet end and an outlet end, a first plate at the inlet end, and a second plate at the outlet end. The mixer tube having a plurality of divider walls extending radially between the longitudinal axis and the outer wall longitudinally from the inlet to the outlet. The divider walls defining a plurality of mixing chambers therebetween for receiving and storing exhaust gas from a dedicated engine cylinder. The first plate rotatably disposed at the inlet end of the tube, and the second plate rotatably disposed at the second end of the mixer tube to selectively block off at least one chamber at the inlet and outlet ends, respectively. The mixer configured to capture and distribute recirculated exhaust gas corresponding to an operating speed of the engine.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation mixer includes a convergent nozzle in a flow path from an air inlet of the mixer to an outlet of the mixer. The convergent nozzle is oriented converging toward the outlet of the mixer. The nozzle accelerates the flow to high velocity, which is released as a free-jet. The mixer includes an exhaust gas housing having an exhaust gas inlet into an interior of the exhaust gas housing, and a convergent-divergent nozzle having an air-fuel-exhaust gas inlet in fluid communication to receive fluid flow from the convergent nozzle (i.e., the free-jet), the interior of the exhaust gas housing, and a fuel supply into the mixer.

Abstract: A filter housing (11) has at least one inlet (15) and at least one outlet (17) for the fluid. The filter element (10) includes a filter body of a filter medium (18).The filter element (10) is configured to be arranged in a filter housing (11) separating the at least one inlet (15) from the at least one outlet (17). An element axis (14) of the filter element (10) and a housing axis (25) of the filter housing (11) can be aligned parallel or axially to an installation direction (12) of the filter element into the filter housing. The filter element (10) may include at least one guide crosspiece (46, 48) which extends axially and radially outward on a peripheral exterior side (26), relative to the element axis (14), of the filter element (10).

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are provided for an aircharger air intake system for filtering and conducting an airstream to an air intake of an engine. The aircharger air intake system includes an air filter comprising a filter medium configured to entrap particulates flowing within the airstream. An air box comprising one or more sidewalls and a mount wall is configured to support the air filter within an engine bay. The air box is configured to be mounted, or fastened, onto the engine. An intake tube is coupled with the air filter and configured to conduct the airstream to the air intake of the engine. The intake tube is configured to be coupled with an air temperature sensor or a mass air sensor of the engine. An adapter is configured to couple the intake tube with the air intake.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing fuel evaporation gas using a closeable path structure, which is configured such that a path through which fuel evaporation gas can flow is narrowed when an engine stops, may include an intake pipe through which air is drawn into the engine, and an openable door disposed to open or close the intake pipe and configured such that, when the engine is operated, the openable door opens the intake pipe, and when the engine is stopped, the openable door closes the intake pipe, wherein a fuel evaporation gas trap configured to collect the fuel evaporation gas may be disposed on an internal wall of a portion of the intake pipe on which the openable door is disposed.

Abstract: A piston fuel pump for an internal combustion engine includes a pump cylinder and a pump piston, which can be axially displaced in the pump cylinder. The piston fuel pump also includes a seal which is arranged on the periphery of the pump piston. The seal has at least one bump pointing in the axial direction, and the seal axially covers the at least one bump.

Abstract: To reduce collision noise created by the operation of an electromagnetic suction valve provided on a high pressure fuel supply pump, the mass of a member which collides by magnetic attractive force is reduced. The noise generated when a core and an anchor collide with each other by magnetic attractive force depends on the magnitude of the kinetic energy of a moving element. The kinetic energy to be consumed in the collision is only the kinetic energy of the anchor. The kinetic energy of a rod, being absorbed by a spring, does not contribute to the noise; thus, the energy when the anchor and the core collide with each other can be reduced, whereby the noise to be created can be reduced.

Abstract: A fuel injection system designed for an internal combustion engine includes at least one fuel injection nozzle which, by way of a cylindrical shell body, is inserted at least in regions into a bore of a cylinder head and which, by way of a nozzle tip, feeds fuel to a combustion chamber between the cylinder head and a reciprocating piston. The fuel injection nozzle is held in position on a housing section of the internal combustion engine with the interposition of a holding device and, for example, a fastening bolt. The holding device braces a first end region of the fuel injection nozzle against a bore stop within the bore in the cylinder head. To optimize this fuel injection system, the holding device has, outside the bore, a fixing bushing to which the shell body is fixed axially and radially by way of a radial insert element.

Abstract: A vehicle control system is provided which is used in a vehicle equipped with an engine as a drive power source and works to establish engagement of a pinion of a starter motor with a ring gear mounted on a rotational axis of the engine and then actuate the starter motor to start the engine. The vehicle control system executes a preset mode to move the pinion to achieve the engagement with the ring gear when the rotation speed of the engine has dropped below a given threshold value. The threshold value is determined as a function of speed of the vehicle, thereby alleviating a driver's perception about unwanted mechanical noise arising from impact the pinion on the ring gear upon the engagement therebetween.

Abstract: A method for guaranteeing starting performance of an engine for maintaining driving performance is provided. The method includes executing a quasi-failure mode in which the engine is changed to a driving state when an engine cranking apparatus state is maintained equal to or less than a threshold for a predetermined period of time. As a result, the engine is driven in the quasi-failure mode while the hybrid vehicle is driven in the EV mode to prevent the vehicle system from being aggravated and fundamentally preventing the degradation in the stability of the vehicle causing driver discomfort.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing a fault mode in a system includes recording a hierarchical precedence rule assigning a priority level to fault modes of the system, and recording, in a fault report matrix, fault reports indicative of a corresponding one or more of the fault modes. The method also includes using the hierarchical precedence rule to determine the assigned relative priority level for the fault reports in response to a predetermined condition, e.g., a requested engine starting event, and identifying a root cause subsystem as a subsystem having the highest assigned priority level. A control action executed via the controller identifies the root cause subsystem by recording a diagnostic code and/or transmitting a message. The system is also disclosed, as is a computer-readable medium programmed with instructions embodying the method.

Abstract: A solenoid drive may include a ferromagnetic housing having a coil receiving chamber axially limited by opposing first and second face side walls, and a cylindrical coil arrangement having at least one electric coil, and being arranged in the coil receiving chamber and coaxially surrounding a cylindrical coil interior space. The solenoid drive may also include a ferromagnetic plunger stop having a central region projecting axially in the coil interior space, and a ferromagnetic plunger arranged at the housing opposing the plunger stop. The plunger may project axially into the coil interior space, and may be adjustable axially bi-directionally between an active position proximal to the central region and a passive position distal to the central region. The solenoid drive may further include a ferromagnetic bypass device arranged coaxially to the coil arrangement, radially within the at least one coil, and spaced apart axially from the face side walls.

Abstract: Disclosed is an engine starting control method for a flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) of supplying the heated fuel to the engine by heating an injector heater during cranking when it is determined that cranking condition and fuel heating condition are satisfied at the time of starting the vehicle having a starting auxiliary device for cranking the engine of FFV and a device for heating the fuel using the injector heater provided in an injector, wherein a pre-injection is auxiliary performed prior to a main injection during cold starting of the engine when the heating time of the injector heater exceeds a predetermined value, allowing stable starting with low fuel consumption at a time of cold starting an engine using ethanol fuel in winter.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a device having communication with small gasoline engine igniter, comprising an igniter, a flameout switch and a communication device, and both the flameout switch and the communication device are connected to an igniter flameout port and an iron core of a reference ground. The unique voltage conversion circuit herein makes the signals at MUC sampling port more close to the required theoretical value, to ensure more stable and reliable communications. The design of key input and data display enables the communication device to be used alone without additional computers or other additional equipments, simple and convenient. On the basis of above igniter program, very simple circuit at extremely low costs is added, together with the MCU control program, the invention can have a single-wire bidirectional communication with an external device, so as to achieve operations of controlling MCU internal data of the igniter.