Abstract: LiCoO2 material comprises LiCoO2 particles obtainable by a process in which Co(OH)2 particles comprising essentially octahedral shape particles, or Co3O4 particles obtained from Co(OH)2 comprising essentially octahedral shape particles, or Co3O4 particles comprising essentially octahedral shape particles and lithium salt are heated. Also disclosed are Co(OH)2 particles and the Co3O4 particles. The LiCoO2 material can be used especially as a cathode material in Li-ion batteries.

Abstract: A system and process for taking a liquid such as water from a source and supplying the liquid by, for example, pushing the liquid through a filter provided inside a reservoir in order to render the liquid clean and potable. The reservoir and filter may be surrounded 360-degrees by a pressure bladder that may be wrapped with a material such as nylon, so that substantially all pressure goes inwards towards the filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to filter-as-you-pour water filtration container systems. Such a system may include a container body, an outlet through which water within the container body may be poured and simultaneously filtered, a lid that may be releasably attachable over the container body, and a filter assembly attachable to at least one of the lid or the container body. The filter assembly may be disposed so as to be in a flow stream of the water, as the water is poured out of the container body through an outlet of the system, so that the stream of water exiting through the outlet is simultaneously filtered as it is poured from the container body. The system may further include a flow control device (e.g., a valve, grating, screen, etc.) disposed proximate (e.g., in or over) the outlet to regulate an exit flow rate of water being poured through the outlet.

Abstract: A device for monitoring and controlling water disinfecting systems having at least one broadband UV emitter arranged in a channel, wherein the device has at least one sensor, which is arranged in the water at a distance from the broadband UV emitter, and wherein the sensor is connected to a control unit, which is set up to control the output of the broadband UV emitter or the volumetric flow of water through the channel, wherein the sensor has a maximum sensitivity to UV radiation in a wavelength range between 200 nm and 240 nm.

Abstract: This filtration treatment system is provided with a membrane filtration device as a prefiltration treatment device for removing insoluble components from the water to be treated containing organic substance, a reverse osmosis membrane treatment device for subjecting the prefiltration-treated water to reverse osmosis membrane treatment, and a chemical agent supply pipe for supplying a chemical agent into the membrane filtration device, wherein the chemical agent contains a sulfamic acid compound, and a bromine-based oxidizing agent or the reaction product of a bromine compound with a chlorine-based oxidizing agent, or, contains the reaction product of a sulfamic acid compound with a bromine-based oxidizing agent or with the reaction product of a bromine compound with a chlorine-based oxidizing agent.

Abstract: An electrolytic ion water generation method for generating strong electrolytic ion water having a pH value higher than a reference pH value through use of the same generation apparatus as an electrolytic ion water generation apparatus configured to generate electrolytic ion water having the reference pH value by setting an amount of raw water, which is to be supplied into a cathode chamber of an electrolytic bath, to be smaller than that of the raw water used for generating the electrolytic ion water having the reference pH value and setting generation conditions other than the amount of the raw water to the same generation conditions as those for generating the electrolytic ion water having the reference pH value. The raw water amount is set to a raw water amount calculated based on the following expression: pH=14+log[OH?].

Abstract: A desalination system comprises at least one desalination cell. The at least one desalination cell comprises first and second electrodes, an anion exchange layer and a cation ion exchange layer disposed on the respective first and second electrodes, and a spacer disposed between the first and second electrodes. The at least one desalination cell further comprises an ion exchange resin disposed between the first and second electrodes. A desalination system and a method for removing ions from an aqueous stream are also presented.

Abstract: Provided is a water treatment system that prevents overlook and misdetection of abnormal flocculation. The water treatment system includes a mix tank, a flocculation tank, a plurality of floc-particle-diameter measurement devices, a fault detection device that detects abnormal flocculation, and a notification device that notifies occurrence of the abnormal flocculation. The fault detection device includes: a calculator that calculates at least one of a difference and a ratio between particle diameters of floc; a storage that stores therein a tolerable range of at least one of the difference and the ratio between the particle diameters of floc; a determiner that, when the calculated value is within the tolerable range, determines that it is normal, and when the calculated value is outside the tolerable range, determines that it is abnormal; and an outputter that transmits an abnormal flocculation detection signal to the notification device.

Abstract: Glycine is an organic compound that can be used in the making of a synthetic acid that obviates all the drawbacks of strong acids such as hydrochloric acid. The new compound is made by dissolving glycine in water, in a weight ratio of approximately 1:1 to 1:1.5. The solution is mixed until the glycine is essentially fully dissolved in the water. Once dissolution is complete, hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in the solution to produce the new compound, which can be referred to as hydrogen glycine. Also disclosed is a method for adjusting the pH of a fluid, the method comprising adding an effective amount of a solution to the fluid for adjusting the pH thereof to a desired level, wherein the solution is prepared by mixing glycine in water to form a glycine solution; and adding hydrogen chloride to the glycine solution.

Abstract: An ice machine or ice maker is configured to produce ionized alkaline ice by having water pass through a medium which causes the water to become ionized. In certain embodiments, the medium contains group II elements, rare earth minerals, metal reducing agents, mineral buffers. The medium may be in a filter with the water passing through the filter to produce ionized alkaline water. The ionized alkaline water is then frozen by the ice machine or ice maker to produce ionized alkaline ice. Exposure of the water to magnetic forces may assist in the production of ionized alkaline water.

Abstract: Provided is a ballast water treatment apparatus by using sodium dichloroisocyanurate. The ballast water treatment apparatus includes: a cartridge that is provided with an inlet and an outlet in order that a fresh water is introduced and discharged, that is provided with an inlet valve and an exhaust valve installed in the inlet and the outlet respectively, and that is equipped with the sodium dichloroisocyanurate; and a dissolution tank that is equipped with a agitator configured to be connected to the outlet of the cartridge to agitate the sodium dichloroisocyanurate.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an ozone water having enhanced storage stability and a method for producing the ozone water. An ozone water of the present invention as a means for resolution is produced by dissolving 0.1 ?M to 1 mM of an organic iron compound and 1 to 300 mM of an inorganic salt in a water with ozone-microbubbles generated using an ozone gas at a concentration of 1 to 300 g/Nm3. The half-life of ozone of the ozone water of the present invention is 3 days or longer, for example, when the water filled in an airtight container under atmospheric pressure is stored under a temperature condition of 40° C.

Abstract: Compositions for a phage particle are disclosed. The phage particle is non-replicating and includes at least one heterologous nucleic acid sequence that is capable of being expressed in a target bacteria. The expressed heterologous nucleic acid sequence is non-lethal to the target bacteria.

Abstract: A composition and method of inhibiting corrosion and white rust on metal components in a water system. The composition preferably comprises an amino-acid based polymer (most preferably a polyaspartic acid or a salt thereof), hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid, and a second phosphonic acid (preferably a phosphonocarboxylic acid), and does not require the use of regulated metals. The composition is effective even in the presence of biocides. A preferred method of inhibiting white rust comprises adding an amino-acid based polymer or hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid or both to the water system. A preferred method of inhibiting corrosion or white rust comprises adding an amino-acid based polymer, hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid, and a phosphonocarboxylic acid to the water system. Preferably the active concentrations are at least 3 ppm each of the amino-acid based polymer and hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid when added to a volume of water in the water system.

Abstract: A mining apparatus and method of its use are disclosed. The apparatus includes a heavy metals separating subsystem and a water recycling subsystem. The heavy metals separating subsystem includes one or more classifying screens positioned to receive raw mining material classify materials to a pre-determined size, a slurry tank receiving water and the classified materials, forming a slurry, and a heavy metals concentrating assembly configured to receive the slurry and separate heavy metals from the slurry. The water recycling subsystem is positioned to receive the tailings and separate the tailings into recyclable water and solid waste. The water recycling system is configured to route the recycled water into the heavy metals separating subsystem for reuse.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of a system for treating water. The system comprises a biochar inlet, and optionally a metal salt inlet, ozone inlet, organic carbon compound inlet or any combination thereof. The biochar may be produced by biomass pyrolysis and the pyrolysis may be coupled to energy generation. The system also comprises a filtration device, such as a reactive filtration device. The system produces a treated water stream and a reject stream, which may be further separated into a recycled water stream and a solid product. The solid product may be suitable as a soil amendment for application to agricultural land, or for recycling. A method for using the system to treat water also is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of treating sour water from industrial processes such as coal gasification. The method includes injecting a polysulfide into a sour water stream to convert cyanide to thiocyanate, thereby reducing the corrosiveness and toxicity of the sour water stream. The method also includes the step of mixing the sour water stream with a reactant to remove CO2 in its various forms in a reaction tank and subsequently routing the stream to a solid settler. The method further includes adjusting the pH of the sour stream in a pH correction tank before sending the sour water stream through a stream stripper for H2S and/or NH3 removal. After passing through the stripper, the treated sour water stream is sent to a biological treatment process for thiocyanate and formate removal. Subsequent treatment steps can be applied, such as multi-grade filters and activated carbon filters, to prepare the treated sour water for reuse.

Abstract: A common final clarifier is provided downstream of a two-stage or three-stage activated sludge (AS) system that includes: (A) one or more flow equalization basin (FEB) reactors and a nitritation reactor as the first AS stage, and an anammox reactor as the second AS stage, or (B) a carbonaceous biological oxygen demand (BOD) removal reactor and one or more FEBs as the first AS stage, a nitritation reactor as the second AS stage, and an anammox reactor as the third AS stage. A first return activated sludge (RAS) flow is conducted from the final clarifier to the first AS stage and a second segregated RAS flow is conducted to the second AS stage. Alternatively, a third segregated RAS flow is conducted to the third AS stage.

Abstract: The invention relates to the mold (1) for manufacturing a multi-curved bent glass panels comprising a stationary lower load-bearing structure (2) having defined longitudinal (2a), a transversal (2b) directions and vertical direction (2c) and provided with a supporting frame (4) and a number of contoured supports (5) mounted in the supporting frame (4) in the vertical and parallel arrangement to each other and having its upper edges shaped in waves; wherein the supports (5) are arranged in such an order, that their upper edges form a predetermined bending surface, curved along at least one of the longitudinal (2a) and transversal (2b) directions and alternately upwards and downwards in the vertical direction (2c), having variable curvature and the depth of the curve.

Abstract: A method for treating a mold includes grinding an outer metal surface of a mold body of the mold with a first material; lapping the outer metal surface after the grinding with a second material that is finer than the first material; and polishing the outer metal surface after the lapping to achieve an average surface roughness (Ra) less than or equal to about 0.15 ?m and a waviness height (Wa) less than or equal to about 100 nm. A mold for shaping glass-based material can include a mold body having an outer metal surface, wherein the outer metal surface has an average surface roughness (Ra) less than or equal to about 0.15 ?m and a waviness height (Wa) less than or equal to about 100 nm.

Abstract: A method of separating a strengthened glass sheet includes positioning a serrated scribing wheel at a position spaced apart from a first edge of the glass sheet and offset below a top surface of the glass sheet, where the glass sheet comprises a surface compression layer of layer depth DOL and a central region. The method also includes translating the serrated scribing wheel in a first direction at an initiation speed such that the serrated scribing wheel forms a crack initiation site comprising surface indentations extending into the surface compression layer, accelerating the serrated scribing wheel in the first direction from the initiation speed to a scoring speed to scribe a score line extending into the glass sheet to a median crack depth greater than DOL, and stopping the serrated scribing wheel in the first direction before the score line reaches a second edge of the glass sheet.

Abstract: A cutter edge is caused to slide to generate a plastic deformation on a first surface of a brittle substrate, thus forming a trench line. The trench line is formed so as to obtain a crack-free state in which the brittle substrate seamlessly continues in a direction intersecting the trench line directly below the trench line. The crack-free state is then maintained. A crack of the brittle substrate in its thickness direction is extended along the trench line to form a crack line. The brittle substrate is divided along the crack line.

Abstract: The manufacture of fiberglass filtration media, and particularly paint arrestance fiberglass media, is disclosed. Fiberglass filtration media is formed in part by controlling the speed of a melter traversing a drum. The fiberglass media passes through rollers and water sprays before it enters a curing apparatus. Progressive density changes from the air intake side to the air exit side of the media result in increased filtration qualities.

Abstract: A nonwoven fibrous insulation product has at least a bi-modal fiber diameter distribution designed to provide the product with selected thermal insulating and physical performance properties that are affected by fiber diameter such as rigidity and recovery properties. The product is made by: forming two or more fiber groupings that each have a selected fiber diameter distribution with a selected mean fiber diameter wherein the selected fiber diameter distributions of the fiber groupings differ from each other. The fibers of the fiber groupings are intermingled and entangled together in selected percentages by weight to form a product with a selected density and thickness that exhibits selected product performance properties based on the properties of the fiber groupings and the relative percentages by weight of the fiber groupings.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing glass, including the steps of heat-melting a raw material for producing glass by using a melting furnace having a plurality of gas flow paths while the raw material is levitated from the melting furnace by a gas ejected from the gas flow paths, and performing cooling so as to produce glass, wherein the melting furnace includes a recess portion, at least one first gas flow path configured to eject the gas in the vertical direction into the recess portion, a plurality of second gas flow paths configured to eject the gas in the direction toward the center axis of the melting furnace into the recess portion, the raw material is heat-melted while the raw material is levitated by the gas ejected from the first gas flow path and the gas ejected from the second gas flow paths, and the molten raw material is cooled.

Abstract: The present invention provides a glass fiber composition, glass fiber and composite material therefrom. The glass fiber composition comprises the following components expressed as percentage by weight: 58-63% SiO2, 13-17% Al2O3, 6-11.8% CaO, 7-11% MgO, 3.05-8% SrO, 0.1-2% Na2O+K2O+Li2O, 0.1-1% Fe2O3, 0-1% CeO2 and 0-2% TiO2, wherein a weight percentage ratio C1=(MgO+SrO)/CaO is greater than 1. Said composition greatly improves the refractive index of glass, significantly shields against harmful rays for humans and further reduces glass crystallization risk and production costs, thereby making it more suitable for large-scale production with refractory-lined furnaces.

Abstract: A glass of the present invention includes as a glass composition, in terms of mass %, 50% to 65% of SiO2, 15% to 26% of Al2O3, 0% to 5% of B2O3, 0% to 5% of MgO, 0% to 10% of CaO, 0% to 10% of SrO, 0% to 15% of BaO, and 0.01% to 15% of P2O5, has a molar ratio (MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO)/Al2O3 of from 0.5 to 1.5, and satisfies a relationship of {[B2O3]+3×[P2O5]}?18.5 mol %.

Abstract: A glass lining that has an excellent balance between a hydrophilic property and a hydrophobic property on its surface, that has less adhesion of dirt than a typical GL since having an excellent stain-proof property against both oily stains and aqueous stains, and that can maintain the stain-proof property and the self-cleaning performance for a long time after the glass lining is cleaned, leading to excellent cleaning performance and low dirt-adhesion. The glass lining includes a lining and a conductive inorganic compound contained in the lining. The glass lining is structured to have a plurality of hydrophilic concave portions and net-like hydrophobic convex portions connecting peripheries of the plurality of hydrophilic concave portions.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a light emitting body protection glass for a quantum dot (QD) display is disclosed, which fabricates a quantum dot (QD) hole having a minimum difference in width between a top surface and a bottom surface of the glass.

Abstract: One or more aspects of the disclosure pertain to an article including a film disposed on a glass substrate, which may be strengthened, where the interface between the film and the glass substrate is modified, such that the article has an improved average flexural strength, and the film retains key functional properties for its application. Some key functional properties of the film include optical, electrical and/or mechanical properties. In one or more embodiments, the interface exhibits an effective adhesion energy of about less than about 4 J/m2. In some embodiments, the interface is modified by the inclusion of a crack mitigating layer containing an inorganic material between the glass substrate and the film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating line and a method for applying a protective coating to hollow glass containers integrated in glass container manufacturing process. In particular it relates to a coating line and method for applying a cold end coating to hollow glass containers. More particularly the present invention relates to a coating line comprising horizontal spray guns for applying a cold end coating to hollow glass containers in a single line and such a method for applying a cold end coating to hollow glass containers.

Abstract: Chemically tempered lithium aluminosilicate glasses and methods of tempering are provided. The method allows fast tempering at moderate temperatures, which leads to a deep zone of surface tension with a high level of surface tension.

Abstract: Methods for reducing a defective area in a strengthened substrate to produce a non-defective substrate are provided. The methods include contacting a strengthened defective substrate with a heated salt bath containing at least one monovalent salt, and removing the strengthened substrate from the bath. The strengthened substrate, before being contacted with the salt bath, is a defective substrate having at least one defective area and one or more non-defective area. Upon removal from the salt bath, at least one defective area has been reduced or substantially removed to produce a non-defective substrate.

Abstract: A method of producing dispersed of high quality graphene/graphite oxides in a powder matrix to then be reacted to form a composite. Where the powders have similar hydrophobicity and the graphene/graphite oxides has minimal surface oxidation or minimal epoxy group and where the powders are sonically mixed.

Abstract: Process for preparing a mineral composition based on a mixed solid phase of calcium and magnesium carbonates, comprising a preparation, in an aqueous phase, of a suspension of a solid phase containing at least one calcium compound selected from calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and mixtures thereof and at least one magnesium compound selected from magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, at least partially hydrated dolomite, and mixtures thereof, the weight of said solid phase being between 5% and 15% of the total weight of the suspension, a carbonation of said solid phase in suspension by injecting a gas containing CO2 into said suspension that is heated at a temperature of 55° C. to 90° C., at a flow rate of CO2 of 2.

Abstract: The asphalt composition of the present invention is an asphalt composition comprising 1% to 15% by mass of a block copolymer (a) and an asphalt (c), wherein the block copolymer (a) comprises a specific block copolymer (a-1) and a specific block copolymer (a-2) in specific amounts, wherein the content of a vinyl aromatic monomer unit in the block copolymer (a) is 34% by mass or more and 55% by mass or less, the number average molecular weight of the block copolymer (a-1) is in the range of 20,000 to 73,000, and the number average molecular weight of the block copolymer (a-2) is 1.5 to 5.0 times higher than the number average molecular weight of the block copolymer (a-1).

Abstract: Provided is a cement composition that has high fluidity (for example, a 0-drop flow value of 200 mm or more) before curing and exhibits high compressive strength (for example, 320 N/mm2 or more) after curing. The cement composition includes a cement, a silica fume having a BET specific surface area of from 10 m2/g to 25 m2/g, an inorganic powder having a 50% cumulative particle size of from 0.8 ?m to 5 ?m, a fine aggregate having a maximum particle size of 1.2 mm or less, a water reducing agent, an antifoaming agent, and water. The ratio of the cement is from 55 vol % to 65 vol %, the ratio of the silica fume is from 5 vol % to 25 vol %, and the ratio of the inorganic powder is from 15 vol % to 35 vol % in the total amount of 100 vol % of the cement, the silica fume, and the inorganic powder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a metal-ceramic substrate including first and second metallizations and at least one ceramic layer incorporated between the first and second metallizations. Advantageously, first and second metal layers and the at least one ceramic layer are stacked superposed, and in such a way that the free edge sections, of the first and second metal layers respectively, project beyond the edges of the at least one ceramic layer and the first and second metal layers are deformed toward each other in the region of the projecting free edge sections and directly connected to each other in order to form a gas-tight, sealed metal container enclosing a container interior for receiving the at least one ceramic layer.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for improving the curing process of materials that cure under reaction with CO2 and that do not cure in the presence of water alone are described, and examples are given.

Abstract: A maintenance-free stone tile is provided in which a super hard coating film having a pencil hardness corresponding to 12H or more (preferably to 12 to 15H) is used to produce a finish having a deep material feeling and a high quality, and glossiness of 80 or more, and be further able of keeping the coating layer good in water resistance, antifouling property, slipperiness, adhesiveness and no crack, over a long term, on a surface of a stone tile, such as a marble, artificial stone, terrazzo or ceramic tile. The tile is a stone tile having an inorganic coating layer causing a surface of the stone to have a pencil hardness of 12H or more and a mirror surface glossiness of 80 or more.

Abstract: A method of making a multilayer environmental barrier coating for a ceramic matrix composite is provided, comprising the steps of: plasma spray coating an oxide-based bond coat over top of the ceramic matrix composite and depositing a columnar top coat over the oxide-based bond coat.

Abstract: The coatings of the invention provide potassium in a readily available form in combination with other nutrients that promote early plant growth and health. The potassium-based fertilizer product which comprises: potassium, zinc, manganese and iron. Calcium may also be added. The mixture is applied in a 325 MESH or finer powder to suitable agronomic carriers.

Abstract: Natural biomineral fertilizers for sustainable farming are produced in an environmentally sound manner from mine waste. Finely divided mine waste and process tailings serve as a novel source of rock powder for use as fertilizer. Mine waste and process tailings may be treated with non-toxic chemicals to selectively remove certain unwanted elements such as mercury. Solid and liquid fertilizers are also obtained by digesting mine waste and process tailings in combination with bio-waste plus selected bacteria under anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic digestion also generates methane gas for use as fuel for generating electricity or for process heating.

Abstract: A method of making the slow-release fertilizer and the composition thereof includes the steps of adding Class A Exceptional Quality biosolids at a percentage-by-weight of 35% to 75%, brewing grains at a percentage-by-weight of 10% to 50%, and dried algae at a percentage-by-weight of 5% to 20%. Biosolids are digested in an anaerobic digester for 15 days. Biosolids are dried to a moisture content under 6% and brewing grains and algae are dried to a moisture content under 10%. Algae is pressed to isolate the dried algae cell wall. The algae is dried to a moisture content under 10%. The Class A Exceptional Quality biosolids, brewing grains, and algae cell wall are pulverized to a mesh size between 100 to 300 and blended according to the above proportions.

Abstract: Broadly, the instant disclosure is directed towards: fertilizer compositions and methods of making the same, in which, due to the composition, the fertilizer exhibits blast suppression (e.g. measured via specific impulse) and/or desensitization (e.g. measured via unconfined critical diameter and/or booster quantity needed to initiate detonation) as compared to existing ammonium nitrate fertilizer(s).

Abstract: A number of devices and methods for biopassivating explosive ordnance are disclosed. In some embodiments, a biopassivation reactor device is used to render energetic material in an explosive ordnance less explosive and/or non-explosive. This can be done by coupling the biopassivation reactor device to the fuse opening of the explosive ordnance. This can also be done by incorporating the biopassivation reactor device into the explosive ordnance at the time of manufacture. The biopassivation reactor device can include a housing enclosing microorganisms, water, additives, and/or the like. In some embodiments, an entire ordnance magazine can be operated as a bioreactor to passivate the explosive ordnance inside.

Abstract: Multiphase separators, processes and systems for converting an oxygenate and/or olefin feedstock to a hydrocarbon product are described herein.

Abstract: This application relates to the production of functionalized lower hydrocarbons and more particularly to the process of converting ethanol to functionalized lower hydrocarbons. In particular embodiments, the ethanol to functionalized lower hydrocarbon conversion is catalyzed by a ZnxZryAvQsMnwOz mixed oxide catalyst or a bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst. In particular embodiments, the ethanol to be converted is present at molar concentrations in the reactor feed equal to or exceeding 14%.

Abstract: Unsaturated polyalpha-olefin (uPAO) materials comprising a mixture of vinylidene olefins, 1,2-di-substituted vinylene olefins, and tri-substituted vinylene olefins. The unsaturated PAO material can be made from alpha-olefin monomer(s) in the presence of a metallocene-compound-based catalyst system. The unsaturated PAO material can be used as intermediate material for making PAO materials having functional groups.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for recovering paraxylene in which a first simulated moving bed adsorption unit is used to produce two extract streams—one rich in paraxylene and a paraxylene-rich extract stream that is lean in ethylbenzene and an ethylbenzene-rich extract stream that is lean in paraxylene- and a paraxylene-depleted raffinate stream. A significant amount of the ethylbenzene is removed in the ethylbenzene-rich extract stream (at least enough to limit buildup in the isomerization loop), so the paraxylene-depleted raffinate stream may be isomerized in the liquid phase. Avoiding vapor phase isomerization saves energy and capital, as liquid phase isomerization requires less energy and capital than the vapor phase isomerization process due to the requirement of vaporizing the paraxylene-depleted stream and the use of hydrogen, which requires an energy and capital intensive hydrogen recycle loop.