Abstract: A gas detection system, comprising a sample gas inlet, a reference gas inlet and a gas modulation valve alternatingly connecting one of the sample gas inlet and the reference gas inlet to a gas sensor, is characterized in that a selective transfer filter is located in the gas flow path connecting the gas modulation valve and the gas sensor.

Abstract: A terahertz wave is spectrally dispersed into two waves which are caused to pass through a sample liquid film 101 and a reference liquid film 102 and are then collected, and the terahertz waves in an interference state are detected by a terahertz wave detecting semiconductor 15. Consequently, only spectroscopic information related to a distinctive characteristic of the sample liquid film 101 is detected. In addition, a predetermined optical path length difference is provided between a path where the terahertz wave is transmitted through the sample liquid film 101 and a path where the terahertz wave is transmitted through the reference liquid film 102 by an optical delaying unit 17.

Abstract: This calorie measurement device is provided with the following: a light-emission unit that exposes a food article to light that contains near-infrared wavelengths; a light-reception unit that receives transmitted light that had passed through the food article and/or reflected light that was reflected by the food article; a correction unit that computes a base absorbance for the food article on the basis of the transmitted and/or reflected light and corrects the light intensity measured by the light-reception unit and/or the computed base absorbance on the basis of affecting factors, said affecting factors being those that affect the absorption and reflection of light by the food article but are essentially unaffected by the light-absorption and light-reflection properties of the components of the food article; and an analysis unit that computes an analysis value indicating the caloric content of the food article on the basis of the corrected light intensity measured by the light-reception unit and/or the corr

Abstract: A spectroscopic measuring device includes a halogen lamp as a light source, a lens of an irradiating system, a mirror, and a spectrometer. The lens of the irradiating optical system emits light from the halogen lamp to a measurement object. The mirror is an optical member, and the mirror is arranged coaxial with the lens and conducts detecting light between the halogen lamp and the measurement object, to the spectrometer. The spectrometer is an analyzing part and analyzes material of the measurement object on the basis of the light received via the mirror. The light from the halogen lamp to the measurement object passes through the peripheral part of the optical axis of the lens, and the light to be received by the spectrometer passes through the center part of the optical axis of the lens, at the position of the mirror.

Abstract: A system for widely spaced wavelength tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy includes at least a first and second tunable diode laser generating laser light at a first and second wavelength, wherein laser light of the first and second wavelengths cannot co-propagate efficiently on the same single-mode fiber. A first fiber may be configured to carry light in the first wavelength, and a second fiber configured to carry light in the second wavelength. A fiber bundle may be formed from the distal ends of the first and second fibers stripped of their respective coatings, and arranged with their claddings adjacent to each other. One or more pitch heads are configured to project respective beams of laser light from the fiber bundle through a measurement zone. One or more catch heads located across the measurement zone receive the respective beams and direct the respective beams onto at least one sensor.

Abstract: A measuring device includes: a light source that emits, toward a target part of an object, at least one light pulse group each including light pulses emitted sequentially, a photodetector that detects at least a part of at least one reflected light pulse group and including reflected light pulses sequentially returning from the target part, and a control circuit that controls the light source and the photodetector. The control circuit causes the light source to emit the at least one light pulse group within a first period, causes the photodetector to extract, within the first period, a first component that is a component of light included in at least a part of a leading reflected light pulse of the reflected light pulses, and causes the photodetector to output a first electric signal corresponding to the first component.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a motor vehicle comprising a dust sensor. The dust sensor is a scattered light photometer according to the disclosure. The scattered light photometer measures the dust load of the air in a region of the motor vehicle in which resuspended or emitted dust has a tendency to occur during travel. In addition, the motor vehicle contains a device for dust reduction, which receives measured data from the scattered light photometer, and decides, on the basis of the measured data, whether measures are to be taken against dust resuspension or dust emission. The device takes corresponding measures if the dust load exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and optical device for detecting a relationship between an evanescent field and Goos-Hänchen shift, said method comprising: obtaining a potential field function of an evanescent field acting on total-reflection light according to physical meanings of a force function and the potential field function of light in the evanescent field (S101); obtaining a wave function of the perturbed total-reflection light by means of the Schrödinger equation by combining with the potential field function of the evanescent field acting on total-reflection light (S102); and comparing the wave function of the perturbed total-reflection light with a wave function of free total-reflection light with no action from the evanescent field, and determining a momentum gained by the total-reflection light under the action of the evanescent field, which is the same in nature as a momentum of the evanescent field (S103).

Abstract: Ultra-thin conductors are employed to generate plasmon fields near the surface of the conductors. Emitters, such as atoms, molecules, quantum dots, or quantum wells, in the plasmon fields can emit and absorb light via transitions that are otherwise forbidden in the absence of the plasmon fields. Applications using these forbidden transitions include spectroscopy, organic light sources, and broadband light generation. For example, in a spectroscopic platform, an emitter is disposed in the plasmon fields to excite electronic transitions that are otherwise unexcitable. In organic light sources, plasmon fields quench excited triplet states, allowing fast singlet decay with the emission of light. In broadband light generation, strong two-plasmon spontaneous emission of emitters near ultrathin conductors is employed to produce a broad spectrum of light.

Abstract: The present invention provides use of penta-substituted tetrahydropyrimidines in preparation of thermo-sensitive fluorescent materials. Said penta-substituted tetrahydropyrimidine compounds have linear temperature dependence of red-edge excitation wavelength (LTDREEW). When different excitation wavelengths are chosen, such compounds present fluorescence color and/or fluorescence on-off switch in different temperature ranges. Also their fluorescence intensity ratios or fluorescence intensities exhibit good linear relation or power function relation to temperature, which can be used as the thermo-sensitive fluorescent materials with high sensitivity and wide temperature range (0-450 K).

Abstract: An analyte indicator may include a porous base and may be included in an analyte sensor. The analyte indicator may retain its physical, chemical, and optical properties in the presence of compression. The porous base may not vary in opacity. The analyte indicator may include (i) a polymer unit attached or polymerized onto or out of the porous base and (ii) an analyte sensing element attached to the polymer unit or copolymerized with the polymer unit. The analyte sensing element may include one or more indicator molecule. The analyte sensing element may include one or more indicator polymer chains. The analyte indicator may include (i) an indicator polymer chain attached or polymerized onto or out of the porous base and (ii) indicator molecules attached to the indicator polymer chain.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method of detecting a specific tissue or cell in a sample tissue section and accurately specifying both the position(s) and amount of a biological substance of interest that is expressed on the specific tissue or cell.

Abstract: A super resolution microscope system is disclosed and described. The system can include a sample stage (180) adapted to receive a sample (185) including probe molecules. At least one light source (105) is provided to produce a coherent excitation light to excite the probe molecules and cause luminescence of the probe molecules. An image detector (100) can detect the luminescence from the probe molecules. A microlens array (125) can be positioned in a beam path (110) of the coherent light from the at least one light source (105). The beam path (110) of the coherent light extends between the light source (105) and the sample stage (180). The microlens array (125) can also be positioned in a beam path (112) of the luminescence from the probe molecules. The beam path (112) of the luminescence extends between the sample stage (180) and the image detector (100).

Abstract: An observation assistance device of the present invention includes: an information storage unit that stores sample state information showing a sample state change, a type of sample, a type of fluorescent substance, and an observation condition in fluorescence observation performed on a predetermined sample, and under a predetermined observation condition; an input unit via which inputs the type of sample to be observed and the type of fluorescent substance to be used; an assistance-display generating unit that reads sample state information and an observation condition of fluorescence observation performed on the same type of sample as the type of sample input, using the same type of fluorescent substance as the type of fluorescent substance, and generates an assistance display showing the sample state information in relation to the two or more parameters included in the observation condition; and a display unit that displays the generated assistance display.

Abstract: In a Raman spectroscopic microscope, a spatial resolution that exceeds the diffraction limit of light is achieved. A diffraction grating diffracts laser light emitted from a light source and thereby generates diffracted light. A spectroscope acquires a spectrum of incident light and a spatial distribution of light intensities of the spectrum. An optical system applies interference light formed by +1st order diffracted light and ?1st order diffracted light generated in the diffraction grating to an object to be observed as linear illumination light and guides a Raman scattered light generated by the application of the linear illumination light to the object to be observed to the spectroscope, the linear illumination light having its longitudinal direction in a first direction. A control unit controls the optical system and thereby scans the object to be observed by the linear illumination light in a second direction.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a novel approach for optimizing detection performance of a standoff optical detection system using the inelastic scattering of light from the target and/or inelastic scattering of light from molecules between the light emitting source and the target. This is a useful approach primarily for systems which already employ a pulsed light source, a detector, and a timing mechanism but whose primary function is not the detection of range. Using this methodology removes the need to deploy a secondary device to find range or augments the ability of any included range finder to widen the overall system operating envelope, reliability, and performance.

Abstract: An automatic analyzer includes sample vessels containing samples to be measured and; reaction vessels in which to mix a sample and a reagent. A sample dispenser 5 dispenses a sample from any of the sample vessels to any of the reaction vessels. A reagent dispenser dispenses a reagent from a reagent vessel to a reaction vessel, and a stirrer stirs the sample-reagent mix contained in the reaction vessel. A photometric measurement unit is provided for obtaining multiple measurement data points during the progress of reaction of a mixed solution. At least one approximation formula is performed and an approximation curve from the measurement data points is generated. A shape descriptor is calculated from the approximation curve and abnormalities based on the shape descriptor are determined. This not only allows abnormalities to be detected accurately from each measurement result, but also allows the causes of the abnormalities to be identified.

Abstract: A flow cell and method for photometric transmission measurements are disclosed in which a folded optical path provides for co-located, collinear fiber optic read and illumination cables that can be bundled together. Light passes through a fluid sample, is reflected off a pair of right-angle turning mirrors and returns through the fluid for a second pass. A center divider separates fluid passages on the first pass of the light through the fluid and the second pass of the light through the fluid to block any undesired backscattered light from reaching a detector.

Abstract: A system for detecting bubbles within a liquid flowing in an interior of a pipe. The system includes a transmitter emitting directed light through the liquid flowing through the pipe and a receiver for receiving the emitted directed light from the transmitter. The transmitter and receiver are affixed on opposite sides of the pipe. The system also includes a microcontroller having a modulator. The microcontroller communicates with the transmitter and receiver. The microcontroller sends a modulation protocol for emitting the directed light with a specified modulation protocol to the transmitter and receiver. The transmitter emits the directed light as modulated light based upon the modulation protocol and the receiver filters out all unmodulated light, correlates information on modulated light received from the transmitter and sends correlated light information to the microcontroller. The microcontroller determines a presence of bubbles in the liquid based on the light information received from the receiver.

Abstract: A surface property indexing apparatus includes a measurement device that generates a plurality of captured images and an arithmetic processing apparatus that indexes a surface property of the measured object. The captured images are of the same wavelength of the reflected light that forms images in an image capturing device, and is of different reflection angles of the reflected light that forms images in the image capturing device in the direction corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the measured object in the captured image. The arithmetic processing apparatus reconstructs the generated captured images to generate processing target images having a common wavelength of the reflected light and a common reflection angle of the reflected light and composed of pixels corresponding to the different view field positions of the measured object, and indexes the surface property of the measured object on the basis of the generated processing target images.

Abstract: A grading lamp for gemstones is disclosed. In one embodiment, the grading lamp includes a base having an open top with a bottom wall bounded by upstanding front, rear, and side walls, and a lid hinged to the rear wall for swinging between open, intermediate, and closed positions relative to the base. The lid includes an interior lamp recess having natural and ultraviolet lights behind a light diffusing filter. A tray within the open top of the base holds color reference stones and a gem under examination. In the intermediate position, the grading lamp mitigates outside ambient light and provides direct light from either the natural or ultraviolet lights.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus includes an illumination device including an arch-like lighting unit that is provided around an inspection target in a circular arc form and emits light toward the inspection target, imaging devices that capture images of a light reflection surface of the inspection target by which the light emitted from the arch-like lighting unit is reflected, and a determination device that inspects the light reflection surface of the inspection target on the basis of the images captured by the imaging devices. As a result, the inspection apparatus provides an effect of preventing the apparatus from being increased in size.

Abstract: Improved wafer-scale testing of optoelectronic devices, such as CMOS image scan devices, is provided. A probe card includes an LED light source corresponding to each device under test in the wafer. The LED light sources provide light from a phosphor illuminated by the LED. A pinhole and lens arrangement is used to collimate the light provided to the devices under test. Uniformity of illumination can be provided by closed loop control of the LED light sources using internal optical signals as feedback signals, in combination with calibration data relating the optical signal values to emitted optical intensity. Uniformity of illumination can be further improved by providing a neutral density filter for each LED light source to improve uniformity from one source to another and/or to improve uniformity of the radiation pattern from each LED light source.

Abstract: A high-speed, 3-D method and system for optically inspecting parts are provided. The system includes a part transfer subsystem including a transfer mechanism adapted to support a part at a loading station and transfer the supported part from the loading station to an inspection station at which the part has a predetermined position and orientation for inspection. The system also includes an illumination assembly to simultaneously illuminate an end surface of the part and a peripheral surface of the part. The system further includes a lens and detector assembly to form an optical image of the illuminated end surface and an optical image of the illuminated peripheral surface of the part and to detect the optical images. The system still further includes a processor to process the detected optical images to obtain an end view of the part and a 3-D panoramic view of the peripheral surface of the part.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a damage detection apparatus for a lock gate sill, including a support, a water storage tank, a water inlet barrel, a filter device, a water pump, and a control device, wherein a barrier is vertically disposed at the bottom of the water storage tank, multiple water discharge pipes are vertically disposed in the barrier, upper ends of the water discharge pipes are communicated with the water storage tank, the water discharge pipes have different heights, lower ports of the water discharge pipes together compose a truncated conical cavity, a camera is disposed at the bottom of the water storage tank in a sealed manner, and a lens of the camera is located in an upper part of the truncated conical cavity.

Abstract: An industrial visual stethoscope system and a detecting method are provided. The system has a base, a workpiece support, a single-color lighting device, a camera module, a rotating device, and an analyzing device. When the single-color light irradiates the workpiece, if the single-color light irradiates into the crack which is relatively deep and narrow, the single-color light is rarely to be reflected out of the crack. But if the single-color light irradiates into the scar, the single-color light is reflected out of the scar due to the specular reflection. During the relative rotation, when the reflected light enters the camera module in parallel, the energy of the light is concentrated, causing overexposure and forming obvious white light. Thus, the analyzing device can identify the recess is a scar formed by hit rather than a crack formed by heat.

Abstract: A method and an associated device for verifying the transmittance of a flat-glass substrate. Light of a light source is guided through the flat-glass substrate and is captured by a receiving unit. The transmittance of the flat-glass substrate is determined by means of a comparison between the intensity of the light emitted by the light source and the light incident upon the receiving unit. In a first measurement, a light source generates polychromatic light, wherein the transmittance is determined at a point of the flat-glass substrate. In at least one further measurement, a light source generates monochromatic light of a defined wavelength, the transmittance also being determined at the same point of the flat-glass substrate. By comparing the at least two measurements, it is determined whether the transmittance is approximately the same or not the same in all measurements, in order to narrow down the cause for a reduced transmittance.

Abstract: A surface inspection apparatus (1) has a stage (5) for supporting a wafer (10) on which predetermined patterns have been formed by exposure using an exposure device (100); an illumination system (20) for irradiating an illuminating light on the surface of the wafer (10) supported by the stage (5); an imaging device (35) for detecting light from the surface of the wafer (10) on which illuminating light has been irradiated, and outputting a detection signal; and an image processing unit (40) for determining the focus state during exposure, on the basis of the detection signal sent from the imaging device (35).

Abstract: Methods and systems for creating a measurement model based only on measured training data are presented. The trained measurement model is then used to calculate overlay values directly from measured scatterometry data. The measurement models receive scatterometry signals directly as input and provide overlay values as output. In some embodiments, overlay error is determined from measurements of design rule structures. In some other embodiments, overlay error is determined from measurements of specialized target structures. In a further aspect, the measurement model is trained and employed to measure additional parameters of interest, in addition to overlay, based on the same or different metrology targets. In some embodiments, measurement data from multiple targets, measurement data collected by multiple metrologies, or both, is used for model building, training, and measurement. In some embodiments, an optimization algorithm automates the measurement model building and training process.

Abstract: A method of determining a physical characteristic of an adhesive material on a semiconductor device element using structured light is provided. The method includes the steps of: (1) applying a structured light pattern to an adhesive material on a semiconductor device element; (2) creating an image of the structured light pattern using a camera; and (3) analyzing the image of the structured light pattern to determine a physical characteristic of the adhesive material. Additional methods and systems for determining physical characteristics of semiconductor devices and elements using structured light are also provided.

Abstract: A rear-projection photodetection yarn clearing apparatus includes a light emitting diode and a detector arranged behind a to-be-detected yarn, and further includes a reflector arranged in front of the to-be-detected yarn. A front end face of the light emitting diode is flush with a photosurface of the detector, a light filter for capturing light rays having a waveband from 330 nm to 470 nm is also arranged in front of the light emitting diode and the detector, and a light-reflecting surface of the reflector is in parallel with the photosurface of the detector. The light emitting diode includes an ultraviolet light emitting diode, and the detector includes an ultraviolet enhanced silicon photodiode. The ultraviolet enhanced silicon photodiode is made from a high-resistivity N-type (111) silicon wafer having a resistivity of 3,000 ?·cm and a field oxide thickness of 1,000 nm.

Abstract: A method including inspecting, using an X-ray transmission image, internal defects in a TSV formed in a semiconductor wafer, and detecting the X-rays, and processing an X-ray transmission image. Therein, the detection of X-rays is configured such that: the detection azimuth of the X-rays, and the detection elevation angle of the X-rays relative to the X-ray source are determined on the basis of information on the arrangement interval, depth, and planar shape of structures formed in the sample. The angle of rotation of a rotating stage on which the sample is mounted is adjusted in accordance with the detection azimuth which has been determined, and the X-rays that have been transmitted through the sample are detected with the position of the detector set to the detection elevation angle which has been determined.

Abstract: This disclosure presents systems for x-ray microscopy using an array of micro-beams having a micro- or nano-scale beam intensity profile to provide selective illumination of micro- or nano-scale regions of an object. An array detector is positioned such that each pixel of the detector only detects x-rays corresponding to a single micro- or nano-beam. This allows the signal arising from each x-ray detector pixel to be identified with the specific, limited micro- or nano-scale region illuminated, allowing sampled transmission image of the object at a micro- or nano-scale to be generated while using a detector with pixels having a larger size and scale. Detectors with higher quantum efficiency may therefore be used, since the lateral resolution is provided solely by the dimensions of the micro- or nano-beams. The micro- or nano-scale beams may be generated using an arrayed x-ray source or a set of Talbot interference fringes.

Abstract: Apparatus for computed tomography is described that is also suitable for X-ray diffraction. The computed tomography measurement uses a line focus 8 and passes the X-rays from the line focus through a perpendicular slit 22 and then through a sample onto a two dimensional detector. A plurality of images are taken, each with the sample rotated about a rotation axis 14 by a different amount, and combined to create a computed tomography image.

Abstract: A method for analyzing an object includes irradiating the object with incident photon radiation and acquiring an energy spectrum scattered by the material using a spectrometric detector in scatter mode. An energy spectrum transmitted by the material is acquired using a spectrometric detector in transmission mode. A signature (f) is reconstructed representing the object, both from the scatter spectrum measured and from the transmission spectrum measured, and the reconstructed signature thereof is compared with signatures of standard materials.

Abstract: A mobile measuring apparatus for nondestructively determining a material measurement value that relates to a material property of a workpiece comprises a housing in which at least a first sensor device and a second sensor device are located, a control device, an evaluating device, and a device for the supply of energy to the measuring apparatus. The first sensor device has a nuclear magnetic resonance sensor and the second sensor device has a sensor based on dielectric and/or resistive methods. Information about the material property of the workpiece, in particular moisture present in the workpiece, is obtained by evaluating a measurement signal provided by the first sensor device, which information is intended for the optimized control of the second sensor device and/or optimized evaluation of measurement signals provided by the second sensor device.

Abstract: A system for comfort based management of thermal systems, including residential and commercial buildings with active cooling and/or heating, is described. The system can operate without commissioning information, and with minimal occupant interactions, and can learn heat transfer and thermal comfort characteristics of the thermal systems so as to control the temperature thereof while minimizing energy consumption and maintaining comfort.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing and analyzing sample materials may comprise a milling device for milling material components, a first metering device for metering a material component into the milling device, a second metering device for metering an activator liquid into the milled material component, a homogenization device for homogenizing the material components and the activator liquid to produce a sample material, a control device that is connected to the milling device and is configured to vary a parameter characteristic for milling intensity of the milling device so that particle size of the material components is altered, and a measuring device for determining a reactivity of the sample material. The present disclosure further concerns a process for producing and analyzing a plurality of sample materials. The process may involve varying at least one parameter characteristic for milling intensity for each sample material produced.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a probe for detecting structural integrity of a part. The probe comprises an outer shield, having a hollow tubular shape, defining a first interior channel, and comprising a part-engagement end. The probe also comprises an inner shield, within the first interior channel, having a hollow tubular shape, spaced apart from the outer shield, and comprising a first end portion and a second end portion, opposite the first end portion. The first end portion of the inner shield is closer to the part-engagement end of the outer shield than the second end portion of the inner shield. The first end portion of the inner shield comprises a wall extension, protruding in a direction extending from the second end portion of the inner shield to the first end portion of the inner shield and circumferentially extending about less than an entire circumference of the inner shield.

Abstract: A method for accurately measuring the electrical conductivity of substances. This method incorporates two points of measurement that are isolated from each other. Each of these points is in contact with the substance to be measured. A continuous, constant electrical current is passed through the substance at the measurement points by means of an electrical force that is not constant but varies depending upon the amount of electrical force required to maintain the constant electrical current through the substance. This constant current is passed through the substance in two directions. This change in direction is achieved by reversing the polarity of the electrical force across the two measurement points. The time periods for each of the two directions of constant current flow are equal. The amount of electrical force or voltage that is required to maintain this constant amount of current is directly related to the resistance of the substance.

Abstract: Chemical sensors and methods of using and making the same include a functionalized electrode configured to change surface potential in the presence of an analyte. A piezoelectric element is connected to the functionalized electrode and is configured to change in volume in accordance with the surface potential of the functionalized electrode. A piezoresistive element is in contact with the piezoelectric element and is configured to change in resistance in accordance with the volume of the piezoelectric element.

Abstract: A measuring electrode for chemical liquid in semiconductor process that measures a chemical liquid used for a semiconductor process comprises a first body having a first internal liquid chamber into which a first internal liquid is filled, and a flow tube for a part or all of which a responsive glass is used and that forms a flow channel where a chemical liquid as being a measuring object flows, wherein the flow tube is so arranged to penetrate the first body and the responsive glass makes contact with the first internal liquid in the first internal liquid chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biosensor system that can prevent a measurement error caused by the temperature of the environment in use from occurring. A biosensor system 100 includes a measuring instrument 101 having an operation part 306, and a sensor chip 200 that is insertable into and removable from the measuring instrument 101 and into which a blood sample is introduced. The sensor chip 200 includes a measurement part 41 (a measurement part A) that acquires Data a related to the concentration of an analyte in a blood sample based on the amount of electric current that flows in the blood sample due to a reaction in which an oxidoreductase with the analyte used as a substrate is involved, and a measurement part 42 (a measurement part B) that acquires, from the blood sample, Data b for temperature correction of Data a.

Abstract: The application relates to an electrode for use in the electrochemical detection of target species, and in particular for the detection of insulin. The application enables insulin to be detected with high selectivity and with a detection limit in the picomolar range or lower. The electrodes of the invention can easily be reused and are ideally suited for use in point-of-care diagnostics. In a preferred embodiment, the electrode comprises an antibody modified, polyethylene glycol (PEG) monolayer assembled on a gold surface. In a second embodiment, the electrode comprises a chemisorbed zwitterionic carboxybetaine polymer obtained by photopolymerisation of carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA). This allows the use of non-Faradaic analysis to determine the insulin concentration even in undiluted blood serum.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for a trace oxygen sensor is configured with a floating cathode that has a capability to detect part-per-billion (ppb) level or less of oxygen in a gas background. An electrolyte reservoir can supply electrolyte when electrolyte level is low. An electrolyte reservoir may be connected to the main cell along with a protection electrode.

Abstract: A gas sensor control apparatus including a gas sensor element, a heater for heating the gas sensor element, and heater energization control means for feedback controlling the supply of electric current to the heater such that the internal resistance of the gas sensor element coincides with a target resistance. The gas sensor element has a solid electrolyte member and an electrode portion including an outside electrode and an inside electrode. At least a portion of the electrode portion is formed of an electrically conductive oxide whose main component is (i) a first perovskite phase which is represented by a composition formula of LaCo1?xNixO3±d (0.300?x?0.600, 0?d?0.4) and has a perovskite-type crystal structure, or (ii) a second perovskite phase which is represented by a composition formula of LaFe1?yNiyO3±d (0.450?y?0.700, 0?d?0.4) and has a perovskite-type crystal structure.

Abstract: The limiting-current type gas sensor includes: a porous lower electrode disposed on a substrate; an insulating film disposed on the porous lower electrode; a solid electrolyte layer disposed on the porous lower electrode in an opening formed by patterning the insulating film, and further disposed on the insulating film surrounding the opening; and a porous upper electrode disposed on the solid electrolyte layer, wherein the insulating film realizes non-contact between an edge face of the solid electrolyte layer and the porous lower electrode, in order to suppress the intake of oxygen (O) ion from the edge face of the solid electrolyte layer, and thereby the surface-conduction current component between the porous upper electrode and the porous lower electrode can be reduced. There can be provided the limiting-current type gas sensor capable of reducing the surface-conduction current component and realizing low power consumption.

Abstract: A system and method for testing and ejecting a test strip of a fluid testing medical device. The system includes parallel first and second guide rails defining a rail cavity between the guide rails. A sled includes a sled post and opposed first and second side leg sets each having at least one deflectable leg. Each of the deflectable legs is externally slidably engaged to one of the guide rails limiting the sled to only sliding motion in either a loading direction or an opposite ejection direction. An actuator arm is rotatably connected to a mechanism assembly. The sled post is received in an actuator arm slot. Actuator arm rotation in a loading rotational direction displaces the sled in the loading direction in a sliding motion. Subsequent opposite rotation of the actuator arm in an ejection rotational direction displaces the sled in the ejection direction and ejects the test strip.

Abstract: A cell and/or a measuring instrument are arranged for coulometric titration. The cell has first and second electrochemical half-cells, each of which is connected into a regulated circuit and each of which has an associated electrode. The second electrode (3) is immersed in an electrolyte (2) that is solid or solidified and fills a second housing (1). The second housing is closed, with charge and material exchange only possible through a diaphragm (4) that is disposed between the respective electrochemical half-cells. The electrolyte contains a first redox partner that, along with at least one second redox partner, is part of a redox system. The redox partners are selected to substantially suppress gas development inside the cell during operation. The first electrode and the second housing are disposed in a first housing so that at least the diaphragm and the first electrode are in contact with a sample during operation.

Abstract: An expanding cam lock for use with an electrophoresis system is disclosed herein. The cam lock allows the simultaneous use of multiple slab gel cassettes in first and second buffer core assemblies in an electrophoresis system while maintaining the necessary compressive force to create a liquid-tight seal between the anode and cathode buffer solutions. In one example embodiment, the expanding cam lock includes a base plate with a first surface adapted to engage the first buffer core assembly and a follower plate having second surface adapted to engage the second buffer core assembly, buffer dam or buffer displacement dam. The base plate and the follower plate are slidably coupled together and are designed for insertion between the first buffer core assembly and the second buffer core assembly, buffer dam or buffer displacement dam in the electrophoresis container. A cam is positioned between and moveably coupled with the base plate and the follower plate.