Abstract: Enterprise communication display systems enable life-like images for videoconferencing and entertainment productions. Life-like images appear in a 3D environment where imaged people are visible through the use of specially configured see-through displays. Imaged people can also be viewed amongst a reflected foreground. A dual mode large high-resolution display is inventively configured for watching and working. Methods for enterprise wide deployments for corporate, healthcare, education, and government communications, including hotel properties and a property management system are shown. The invention further discloses an online production system for events. Further, a black void illusion is described and is applicable to numerous displays including event and live theater stages and movie theaters. Numerous inventive features are described enabling and advancing the black void illusion.

Abstract: An image projection apparatus is configured to project an image using light from a light source and includes a controller configured to control a power supplied to the light source, and a light source state acquirer configured to acquire light source state information representing a state of the light source. The controller controls the power based on the light source state information acquired before or after the power is reduced so that a light amount of the light source does not fall below a predetermined light amount, in reducing the power so as to darken the image according to information on a brightness of the image.

Abstract: An optical device includes a first plate having a first transparent region defining an exit face of the device, and a second plate having a second transparent region defining an entrance face of the device. At least one lens is formed over at least one of the first and second transparent regions. First and second planar reflectors are spaced apart and fixed between the first and second plates in mutually-parallel orientations diagonal to the first and second plates, thereby defining an optical path through the device from the entrance face, reflecting from the first and second reflectors, through the exit face and passing through the at least one refractive surface.

Abstract: A holding frame assembly has a main frame, an outer frame, a gap, and multiple elastic members. The main frame is rectangular in shape and has two lateral main frame rods, two longitudinal main frame rods, four L-shaped connection elements, and multiple main frame securing fasteners. The L-shaped connection elements are disposed respectively at four connected portions of the lateral main frame rods and the longitudinal main frame rods to connect the main frame rods together by the main frame securing fasteners. The outer frame is mounted around the main frame by multiple outer frame fasteners and is composed of two lateral outer frame rods and two longitudinal outer frame rods. The gap is defined between the outer frame and the main frame. The elastic members are disposed between the main frame and the outer frame and are connected with the main frame.

Abstract: A projection apparatus including a light source section, a projection section that projects light outputted from the light source section, and a control section that acquires captured image data produced by an imaging section, identifies a region of a projection target contained in the acquired captured image data and an image captured position of the region in the captured image data, determines a projection range over which the projection section projects light and a wavelength band of the light to be projected over the projection range based on the identified region and image captured position, and controls the projection section to cause the projection section to project light in the determined wavelength band over the determined projection range.

Abstract: A rear projection screen includes a prism film, a first diffusion layer, a second diffusion layer and a light absorbing film sequentially disposed along a first direction. The prism film includes a first light-transmitting substrate and prism structures, wherein the prism structures are disposed on a surface of the first light-transmitting substrate away from the first diffusion layer. The prism structures receive an image beam and guide the image beam to be transmitted along the first direction. The first diffusion layer and the second diffusion layer have different refractive indexes. There are light-absorbing structures disposed in the light absorbing film, and the light-absorbing structures are arranged spaced apart from each other.

Abstract: Provided are a light-reflecting microstructure, a projection screen and a projection system. The light-reflecting microstructure includes a transparent structure (101), the transparent structure (101) including a light incident surface (101a), a light-reflecting surface (101b) and a light-absorption surface (101c) connecting the light incident surface (101a) and the light-reflecting surface (101b); a light-absorption structure (102) located on the light-absorption surface (101c); and a reflection layer (103) located on the light-reflecting surface (101b). The transparent structure (101) is configured to refract projected light incident on the light incident surface (101a) at a preset angle to the reflection layer (103), and refract stray light incident on the light incident surface (101a) at another angle to the light-absorption structure (102).

Abstract: An image-reading device is provided with a first detection unit for detecting that the front side of a cover is within a first distance to ca copy holder, a second detection unit for detecting that an opening/closing support part is within a second distance to the copy holder, and a control unit. The contorl unit: acquires first detection information due to the first detection unit and second detection information due to the second detection unit, respectively; and identifies, on the basis of the first detection information and the second detection information, whether a copy set in place has a thickness equal to or greater than a fixed value.

Abstract: An extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask including an absorber structure is disclosed. The absorber structure may include at least one slanted and/or concave sidewall. The absorber structure may include a sidewall including a step. A method of forming an absorber for an EUV mask is disclosed. The method may include etching an absorber layer using a mask to form an absorber structure having a sidewall wherein an outer edge of the top surface of the sidewall is closer to a central vertical axis of the absorber structure than an outer edge of the bottom surface of the sidewall. The method may include performing additional etching steps to form a step along the sidewall of the absorber structure. The etching may include combinations of anisotropic etching in different directions, and/or isotropic etching. The method may include etching an absorber layer including multiple absorber layers having different material properties on the ML reflector.

Abstract: A mask blank substrate and a method for selecting a mask blank substrate wherein a square calculation region is set on the main surface of the substrate. Specific points are set at the corner portions of the calculation region. The heights of the specific points from a reference plane are acquired, an imaginary plane passing through three of the specific points is set, an intersection between the imaginary plane and a perpendicular line that passes through the remaining of the specific points and that is perpendicular to the reference plane is set, and the distance between the remaining of the specific points and the intersection is calculated. A substrate in which the distance satisfies a predetermined reference value is selected as a mask blank substrate.

Abstract: A nanoimprint template is provided, including a main template, a plurality of photoresist micro-structures arranged on the main template, and a fluororubber polymer layer coated on an outer layer of the photoresist micro-structures. The fluororubber polymer layer has a bonding function with the main template, so as to fixedly connect to the surface of the main template. The nanoimprint template can not only protect the photoresist microstructure therein, but also prevent the nanoimprint template from being deformed during operating, thereby improving the process quality. Moreover, the surface oil resistance and corrosion resistance of the nanoimprint template is improved, so that the surface has lower surface energy, which can effectively improve the degumming problem during operating.

Abstract: A mold with cavities for nanoimprint lithography and a method of imprinting the same. The mold is a one-piece structure, including an upper mold and a lower mold which are welded together. The upper mold is evenly provided with a plurality of stepped holes. A plurality of grooves are provided at an upper surface of the lower mold. Both ends of each groove are respectively connected to an external high-pressure water pump and an external vacuum pump via pipelines. An airtight cavity is additionally provided at the interior of the mold to form a negative pressure in the cavity by vacuumizing during the imprint process. In the demolding, a crack is formed at the interface between the mold and the imprint resist by using water pressure and expands to the entire interface for the demolding of the imprinted structure.

Abstract: A photoresist resin composition including: a plurality of quantum dots; a photopolymerizable monomer; a photopolymerization initiator; a scatterer; a binder resin; and a solvent, wherein an amount of the scatterer is in a range of about 2 parts to about 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of a total amount of the photoresist resin composition.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive composition contains: particles that include a metal oxide, a cation that includes a metal, an anion. The anion is preferably a conjugated base of an acid and the acid has preferably a pKa of no greater than 3. The content of the particles in terms of solid content equivalent is preferably no less than 50% by mass, and more preferably no less than 70% by mass. The hydrodynamic radius of the particles as determined by a dynamic light scattering analysis is preferably no greater than 10 nm. The total content of the cation and the anion with respect to 100 parts by mass of the particles is preferably no less than 5 parts by mass. The acid is preferably sulfonic acid, nitric acid, organic azinic acid, disulfonylimidic acid or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Acid generator compounds are provided that are particularly useful as a photoresist composition component. In one preferred aspect, photoresists are provided that comprise (i) a polymer; (ii) a first onium salt acid generator that produces a first acid upon exposure of the photoresist composition to activating radiation; and (iii) a second onium salt acid generator that 1) comprises a covalently bound acid-labile moiety and 2) produces a second acid upon exposure of the photoresist composition to activating radiation, wherein the first acid and second acid have pKa values that differ by at least 0.5.

Abstract: A method for making three dimensional structures using photolithography and an adhesively bondable material is disclosed. A thiol-ene-epoxy (OSTE(?)) material undergoes a first reaction upon partial irradiation in a pattern to become a partially cross-linked polymer network. Non-cross-linked parts are dissolved in a solvent and removed. An initiator is added to activate the cross-linked polymer network so that it becomes adhesive and can then be covalently bound to another object to form an article. The method can be utilized to manufacture an article with a complicated three dimensional shape in an easy way.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a pattern forming method which is excellent in developability and defect suppression performance. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an electronic device including the pattern forming method. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a kit capable of forming a pattern which is excellent in developability and defect suppression performance.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition is disclosed including a fluorinated photo cross-linkable polymer provided in a fluorinated solvent such as a hydrofluoroether. The photo cross-linkable polymer includes a first repeating unit having a fluorine-containing group but not a cinnamate group, and a second repeating unit having a fluorine-containing cinnamate group. The polymer has a total fluorine content in a range of 30 to 60% by weight. The composition can be used to form patterned barrier or dielectric structures over substrates and devices such as organic electronic devices.

Abstract: A superstrate can include a body having a surface; a buffer layer overlying the surface; and a protective layer overlying the buffer layer, wherein the protective layer has a surface roughness that is equal to or less than a surface roughness of the surface of the body. The protective layer can include a material that can be selectively removed with respect to the buffer layer, and the buffer layer can include a material that can be selectively removed with respect to the body of the superstrate. The superstrate can be used for more planarization or other processing sequences before the body needs to be replaced, as defects may form extend into the protective layer or buffer layer and not reach the body. The layers can be removed and replaced by corresponding new layers without significantly adversely affecting the body.

Abstract: A resist underlayer film-forming composition for lithography including a copolymer having a structural unit of the following Formula (1) to Formula (3), a crosslinking agent, an organic acid catalyst, and a solvent: (wherein R1s are independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2 is a C1-3 alkylene group, A is a protective group, R3 is an organic group having a 4-membered ring to 7-membered ring lactone framework, adamantane framework, tricyclodecane framework or norbornane framework, R4 is a linear, branched or cyclic organic group having a carbon atom number of 1 to 12 in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluoro group and which optionally has at least one hydroxy group as a substituent).

Abstract: A method includes: providing a device having a first layer and a second layer in contact with a surface of the first layer, in which the second layer includes a first superconductor material; forming a buffer material on the second layer to form an etch buffer layer, in which an etch rate selectivity of the buffer material relative to the second layer upon exposure to a photoresist developer is such that the underlying second layer is not etched during exposure of the buffer layer to the photoresist developer; depositing and removing a selected portion of a resist layer to uncover a first portion of the etch buffer layer, wherein removing the selected portion of the resist layer comprises applying the photoresist developer to the selected portion of the resist layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacturing method of a semiconductor chip, in which the manufacturing yield is excellent, and a kit. According to the present invention, a manufacturing method of a semiconductor chip includes Process 1 of forming an insulating layer on a base material, Process 2 of forming a patterned resist film on the insulating layer, Process 3 of forming the insulating layer having an opening portion by etching the insulating layer with the patterned resist film as a mask, Process 4 of removing the patterned resist film, Process 5 of filling the opening portion of the insulating layer with metal, and Process 6 of performing chemical-mechanical polishing on the insulating layer filled with metal.

Abstract: A projection system model is configured to predict optical aberrations of a projection system based upon a set of projection system characteristics and to determine and output a set of optical element adjustments based upon a merit function. The merit function comprises a set of parameters and corresponding weights. The method comprises receiving an initial merit function and executing an optimization algorithm to determine a second merit function. The optimization algorithm scores different merit functions based upon projection system characteristics of a projection system adjusted according to the output of the projection system model using a merit function having that set of parameters and weights.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus including: a substrate holder constructed to support a substrate; a patterning device configured to provide radiation modulated according to a desired pattern, the patterning device including an array of radiation source modules configured to project the modulated radiation onto a respective array of exposure regions on the substrate; and a distributed processing system configured to process projection related data to enable the projection of the desired pattern onto the substrate, the distributed processing system including at least one central processing unit and a plurality of module processing units each associated with a respective radiation source module.

Abstract: A method of applying a measurement correction includes calculating a first correction value based on a first coefficient and the measurement; calculating a second correction value based on a second coefficient, greater than the first coefficient, and the measurement; and calculating a third correction value based on a third coefficient, greater than the second coefficient, and the measurement. The method also includes applying the third correction value to the measurement if a difference between the first correction value and the third correction value is above a first threshold value; applying the second correction value to the measurement if a difference between the first correction value and the second correction value is above a second threshold value; and applying the first correction value to the measurement if the difference between the first correction value and the second correction value is below or equal to the second threshold value.

Abstract: Liquid is supplied to a space between the projection system and the substrate by an inlet. In an embodiment, an overflow region removes liquid above a given level. The overflow region may be arranged above the inlet and thus the liquid may be constantly refreshed and the pressure in the liquid may remain substantially constant.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus comprising a projection system configured to project a patterned radiation beam to form an exposure area on a substrate held on a substrate table, the lithographic apparatus further comprising a cooling apparatus for cooling the substrate, wherein the cooling apparatus comprises a cooling element located above the substrate table and adjacent to the exposure area, the cooling element being configured to remove heat from the substrate.

Abstract: A method of determining the position of an alignment mark on a substrate, the alignment mark having first and second segment, the method including illuminating the alignment mark with radiation, detecting radiation diffracted by the alignment mark and generating a resulting alignment signal. The alignment signal has a first component received during illumination of the first segment only, a second component received during illumination of the second segment only, and a third component received during simultaneous illumination of both segments. The positions of the segments are determined using the first component, the second component and the third component of the alignment signal.

Abstract: A magnetic chemical toner comprising toner particles with high circularity (i.e., above 0.970) is described. The high circularity of the toner particles can maximize transfer efficiency and prevent toner waste during printing. The toner particles can comprise a polyester resin-based core. If desired, the toner particles can comprise a surface coating to modulate toner properties. Also described is a method of preparing the magnetic toner and a method of using the toner to print an image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a toner for electrophotography that is excellent in the low-temperature fusing property, the initial image quality after storage, and the document offset property. A process for producing a toner for electrophotography, including step 1: melt-mixing a mixture containing a crystalline resin (C) and ester wax (W) having a dipentaerythritol unit as a constitutional component, wherein a difference |Cmp?Wmp| between a melting point Cmp of the crystalline resin (C) and a melting point Wmp of the ester wax (W) is 30° C. or less, and the melt-mixing is performed at a temperature Kt that is the melting point Cmp or more and the melting point Wmp or more.

Abstract: A toner comprising a binder resin is provided. When the toner is observed with an atomic force microscope in tapping mode to obtain a phase image and the phase image is binarized with an intermediate value between maximum and minimum phase difference values in the phase image to obtain a binarized image, the binarized image consists of first phase-contrast portions having a large phase difference and second phase-contrast portions having a small phase difference, where the first phase-contrast portions are dispersed in the second phase-contrast portions and a dispersion diameter of the first phase-contrast portions is in a range of from 150 to 500 nm. The toner has at least two glass transition temperatures (Tg) in respective ranges of from 40° C. to 65° C. and from ?30° C. to 20° C., determined from a DSC curve obtained at a first temperature rise in a differential scanning calorimetric measurement by a midpoint method.

Abstract: A toner which is less likely to cause toner leakage and which is less likely to cause aggregation after being left to stand under a high temperature condition. A toner for developing electrostatic images, comprising colored resin particles comprising a binder resin and a colorant, and an external additive, wherein a conditioned bulk density obtained by a powder flowability analyzing device is from 0.525 g/mL to 0.565 g/mL.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to a method to make a chemically prepared toner that employs a crash cooling process. In particular, the crash cooling process involves the addition of a toner slurry having a temperature between 70° C. and 90° C. to an equivalent amount of cold water having a temperature between 5° C. and 20° C. Polyester and styrene acrylic toners as well as polyester core shell toners having a borax coupling agent between the toner core and toner shell made from this cooling process results in an improvement to the amount of toner waste, thereby achieving a higher toner usage efficiency for an electrophotographic printing system.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to toner compositions containing an IR-taggant, and method of making thereof. The disclosure also relates to method for confirming authenticity of an item.

Abstract: A nip for holding paper is formed between a transfer member and an image bearing member. During an image transfer operation, a first transfer voltage is applied thereto so that a first charging voltage is applied to the surface of the image bearing member forming the nip portion. Before paper enters thereto, a second transfer voltage is applied thereto so that a third charging voltage is applied to the surface of the image bearing member forming the nip portion. A void is formed by the image bearing member, the transfer member and the paper within the nip. Before an image transfer operation and the void is formed, one of the first, second and third transfer voltages is applied so that the second charging voltage having a same polarity as the first charging voltage and being lower in absolute value is applied to the surface of the image bearing member.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming apparatus, including an apparatus main body, an image bearing member unit having at least an image bearing member and a charging member, and a developing unit having at least a developer bearing member. The apparatus main body has a controller, the image bearing member unit further has a first storage unit that stores first correction information corresponding to life information of the developing unit, the developing unit further has a second storage unit that stores second correction information corresponding to life information of the developing unit, and the controller acquires the first correction information and the second correction information, uses the acquired first correction information and the acquired second correction information to correct a charging bias to be applied to the charging member, and applies the corrected charging bias to the charging member.

Abstract: An optical scanning device including: a light source; a deflector that deflects light from the light source; an optical element that guides light deflected by the deflector on an optical path to a photosensor; and a housing that accommodates the deflector and the optical element. The housing is integrally formed and includes a bottom plate, a side wall standing upright from a periphery of a main surface of the bottom plate, and a pair of ribs parallel with each other and standing upright from the bottom plate. Both longitudinal ends of each of the ribs in plan view are joined to the side wall. A region of the bottom plate between the ribs in the plan view has a portion displaced farther upward in an upright direction of the side wall than other regions of the bottom plate.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developing container, a first stirring and conveying member, a second stirring and conveying member, a developer replenishing port, a developer discharging portion, a developing roller, a toner supply roller, a regulating blade, a toner receiver member, and a vibration generating device. The developing device is capable of executing a toner collecting mode in which the vibration generating device vibrates the toner receiver member so that toner deposited on the toner receiver member is shaken off by vibration and is collected into the second conveying chamber, in the non-image formation period. The developing device is capable of executing a forced discharge mode in which developer containing the collected toner collected from the toner receiver member into the second conveying chamber is forcibly discharged from the developer discharging portion to outside of the developing container, after the toner collecting mode is executed.

Abstract: Provided is a development roller which is capable of improving a black solid density and a 2-dot density simultaneously to form a satisfactory image with excellent contrast and thin line reproducibility. A development roller includes a roller body that contains a tubular inner layer consisting of an elastic material and an outer layer consisting of an elastic material, a roller resistance value R1 (?, an applied voltage of 400 V) in a state when there is only the inner layer satisfies formula (1): 6.5?log R1?9.5??(1), and a volume resistivity R2 (?·cm, an applied voltage of 400 V) in a state when there is only the outer layer satisfies formula (2): log R2?9.0??(2).

Abstract: A developer carrying member for carrying a developer containing toner and a carrier and for developing an electrostatic image on a photosensitive member, a developer container in which the developer is electrically charged and is carried on the developer carrying member, a detecting portion for detecting a toner content, a video count means for counting and integrating the number of development dots of entirety of an image, and a supplying device for supplying a developer for supply to the developer container depending on a consumption amount of the toner are provided, and first and second toner supply amounts are acquired on the basis of outputs of the video count means and the detecting portion, and in the case where as regards a final toner supply amount determined on the basis of the first and second toner supply amounts, a fluctuation in predetermined during printing is increased from a first value to a second value, a ratio of the second toner supply amount to the first toner supply amount is decreased.

Abstract: An image forming unit of an image forming apparatus includes a developing device and a toner replenishing unit that replenishes the developing device with toner. The toner replenishing unit includes an upper toner container, a lower toner container, a toner conveyance unit, and a replenishment control unit. The upper toner container and the lower toner container are disposed adjacently to each other in a vertical direction in an apparatus body. When the upper toner container becomes empty, the replenishment control unit controls the toner replenishing unit so as to replenish the developing device with the toner from the lower toner container.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developer container configured to accommodate a developer containing toner and a carrier; and a feeding screw provided rotatably in the developer container and configured to feed the developer in a predetermined feeding direction, the feeding screw including a rotation shaft, and a first helical blade and a second helical blade which are formed around the rotation shaft and which form a multi-thread helical blade. The feeding screw includes a region in which a plate-like projection portion is provided on the rotation shaft between the first helical blade and the second helical blade. The plate-like projection portion is provided so as to contact an adjacent helical blade on a downstream side with respect to the feeding direction without contacting an adjacent helical blade on an upstream side with respect to the feeding direction.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developer container configured to accommodate a developer containing toner and a carrier; and a feeding screw provided rotatably in the developer container and configured to feed the developer in a predetermined feeding direction, the feeding screw including a rotation shaft, and a first helical blade and a second helical blade which are formed around the rotation shaft and which form a multi-thread helical blade. The feeding screw includes a region in which a plate-like projection portion is provided on the rotation shaft between the first helical blade and the second helical blade.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an intermediate transfer belt having at least a base layer and a surface layer formed in contact with a surface of the base layer, includes: irradiating a surface of the base layer with a laser such that Rz (in accordance with JIS-B0601-2001) is 0.2 ?m or more and equal to or less than a half of a film thickness of a surface layer to be formed; and forming a surface layer on the surface of the base layer irradiated with the laser.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer medium onto which a toner image is transferred is provided. The intermediate transfer medium comprises a base layer and an elastic layer overlying the base layer. The elastic layer contains spherical fine particles to form an irregular surface, and the spherical fine particles have a volume resistivity of 1×10?4 ?·cm or more and less than 1×100 ?·cm.

Abstract: A color printing unit includes one printing station for each color along with one anode roller. A continuous transfer belt is guided over a deflection roller and a control roller. One or more sensors measure a property of reference markings printed on the transfer belt. A control device for controlling and adjusting the transfer belt acts on the control roller through an actuating motor as a function of the detected properties of the reference markings. The one or more sensors are arranged in the area of the control roller for the transfer belt, by which an additional tension roller saves costs and space. During the measurement, at least for the period in which the printed reference markings pass under the one or more sensors, relative movements between the one or more sensors and the control roller are ruled out.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises a first image forming section configured to form an image using a first toner, a second image forming section configured to form an image using a second toner, a controller configured to transfer a first toner image formed with the first toner by the first image forming section and a second toner image formed with the second toner by the second image forming section onto a medium, and a fixing device configured to perform a fixing process on the medium onto which the first toner image and the second toner image are transferred. The first toner image and the second toner image have a same pattern and are transferred onto the medium so as to be shifted with respect to each other.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus includes a plurality of heat generating elements for heating a developer image formed on a recording medium corresponding to a plurality of heating regions. A first target temperature of the heat generating elements is set based on a developer amount per unit area of the developer image in each of the heating regions, and the temperature of the heat generating elements is controlled to the first target temperature. If a difference between the first target temperatures for two adjacent heating regions is outside of a predetermined range, the first target temperature for one of the two adjacent heating regions is corrected to a second target temperature, which is greater than the first target temperature, so that the difference between the first target temperatures for the two adjacent heating regions is within the predetermined range.

Abstract: A fixing device includes an endless belt member that rotates, and includes a first end on one side in an axial direction and a second end on the other side in the axial direction; a belt support that comes into contact with part of an inner circumferential surface of the belt member to support an inner side of the belt member; a guide portion disposed on the inner side of the belt member at at least one of the first and second ends of the belt member to guide the belt member moving in a circumferential direction; and a protruding portion disposed at a position in the circumferential direction of the belt member different from a position in the circumferential direction at which the belt support is disposed, the protruding portion protruding from the guide portion toward the other one of the first and second ends of the belt member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus which can accurately predict occurrence of damage to a fixing rotary member due to passage of a recording material and prevent consequential deterioration of a formed image. The image forming apparatus includes: a pair of fixing rotary members constituting a nip part for nipping a recording material on which a toner image is formed; a surface homogenizing member for homogenizing the surface of the fixing rotary member; a hardware processor that acquires physical property information of the recording material; and a controller for controlling drive of the surface homogenizing member according to the physical property information of the recording material acquired by the hardware processor that acquires the physical property information.