Abstract: A driving-assistance device 100 makes it a condition for implementing driving assistance for collision avoidance that a normal travel area AR is set in the vicinity of a host vehicle, and that an unavoidable obstacle D is present within the normal travel area AR. Particularly, in the driving-assistance device 100, a degree of width W of the normal travel area AR is set in accordance with a rule based on a type or the like of the obstacle D. For this reason, a timing at which a collision with the obstacle D cannot be avoided within the normal travel area AR (timing at which a condition for implementing driving assistance for collision avoidance is established) becomes variable in accordance with the type or the like of the obstacle D. Thus, it is possible to implement the driving assistance for collision avoidance more appropriate to a driver's intuition.

Abstract: A forward facing camera module is configured to, based on an image including a predetermined field of view (FOV) in front of the vehicle: determine a first distance between the vehicle and a first cyclist. A blind zone radar sensor module is configured to: determine a second distance between the vehicle and a second cyclist within a predetermined area on a side of the vehicle based on radar signals transmitted within the predetermined area. A first and second distance modules are configured to generate first and second signals when the first and second distances are decreasing, respectively. An output control module is configured to, when at least one of the first signal and the second signal is generated while a turn light for the side of the vehicle is activated, selectively generate at least one of an audible output and a visual output within a passenger compartment of the vehicle.

Abstract: A surroundings monitoring system for a work vehicle includes a bending angle data acquirer acquiring bending angle data between a vehicle body front and rear portions, and a shot image data acquirer acquiring shot images respectively shot by multiple cameras, and a bird's eye image compositor performing image processing of a plurality of the shot image data to generate a bird's eye image, and a storage storing representative images of the work vehicle respectively belong to multiple bending angle ranges between the vehicle body front and rear portions, and a determiner determining, from the multiple bending angle ranges, a bending angle range to which the bending angle belongs, and a selector selecting, from a plurality of the representative images, a representative image that belongs to the determined bending angle range, and a display controller causing a display to simultaneously display the generated bird's eye image and the selected representative image.

Abstract: A video system including a camera engaged with a rotary drive is mounted rearwardly on a vehicle. The camera provides a rectilinear video image. A drive controller includes two switches to control camera rotation to stop at a point in either direction from a neutral field of view aligned with the vehicle to either of a view including vehicle “blind spots” or a view including a directly lateral image. The video images are displayed on a monitor in the vehicle.

Abstract: A cloaking device includes an object-side, an image-side, a cloaked region (CR) between the object-side and the image-side, and a reference optical axis extending from the object-side to the image-side. An object-side CR reflection boundary, an object-side half-mirror, and an object-side color filter are positioned on the object side and an image-side CR reflection boundary, an image-side half-mirror, and an image-side color filter are positioned on the image-side. The object-side half-mirror and the object-side color filter are spaced apart from and positioned generally parallel to the object-side CR reflection boundary, and the image-side half-mirror and the image-side color filter are spaced apart from and positioned generally parallel to the image-side CR reflection boundary. Light from an object located on the object-side of the cloaking device and obscured by the CR propagates via three optical paths to form an image of the object on the image-side of the cloaking device.

Abstract: A wind noise reduction apparatus for a motor vehicle includes a mirror housing, a mirror held in the mirror housing and a control module. That control module is configured to displace the mirror housing to reduce wind noise while simultaneously displacing the mirror to maintain a constant visual field.

Abstract: An interior rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle includes a mirror head having a mirror reflective element with a transflective mirror reflector. A video display device is disposed rearward of the mirror reflective element, and a polymer reflector layer is disposed in front of the video display device. The video display device is operable to display video images captured by a rearward viewing camera of the vehicle. When the video display device is operated to display video images, light emitted by the video display device passes through the polymer reflector layer and the mirror reflective element for viewing of displayed video images by a driver of the vehicle viewing the mirror reflective element. Linearly polarized light emitted by the video display device is circularly polarized as it passes through the polymer reflector layer, such that the displayed video images comprise circularly polarized light.

Abstract: A step hitch assembly providing a platform surface elevated from the ground level of a vehicle for facilitating access to a rooftop surfaces and elevated objects on or about the rooftop surface including a trailer hitch member attachable to a vehicle hitch receiver, a step platform having at least two substantially planar surfaces in substantially parallel alignment adjoined by a transverse panel to thereby define a space therebetween fastenable to the vehicle hitch receiver in alternative horizontally and vertical orientations and having a plurality of corresponding transverse spaced perforations sized and spaced in transverse alignment for detachable coupling of a tow accessory hitch receiver having receiver holes to corresponding spaced perforations and a locking member capable of alternatively securing the hitch receiver in an extended position wherein the hitch receiver ball protrudes from the step platform or in a retracted position wherein the tow accessory hitch receiver ball is retracted in the space

Abstract: A luggage box for storage in a luggage space of a motor vehicle comprises a container open at a top and adapted to be held slideably by a respective pair of guide elements between a pair of parallel guide rails secured one each to a respective side wall of the luggage space. The container is coupled to a lid via a hinge portion. The lid has a size and shape complementary to the open top of the container, which size and shape corresponds to an area behind one or more backrests of a row of vehicle seats between second guide rail sections, which extend along the backrests towards a floor of the luggage space. The luggage box is translatable in the guide rails, to a position adjacent the backrests of the vehicle seats.

Abstract: A trunk mounted storage rack for sport utility vehicles (SUV) securely restrains grocery bags and prevents damage to fragile items contained therein. The trunk mounted storage rack includes a top shelf, a bottom shelf, a top lip, a bottom lip, a top-level barrier, an intermediate support frame, and a barrier support wall. The top shelf and the bottom shelf are sized to closely fit in the trunk of the SUV. The intermediate support frame suspends the top shelf over the bottom shelf. The barrier support wall allows the top-level barrier to mount to the top shelf and prevent items from falling from the top shelf into the rear seat compartment when the SUV turns or brakes.

Abstract: A sun visor fitting for holding sunglasses or other objects in a readily accessible position along the face of sun visor includes a body having a mounting section, a visor pin, a first clip and a second clip projecting from the first clip.

Abstract: An apparatus for holding various items such as a drink cup and a smart phone, includes a plunger and a holding device. The plunger includes a proximal end and a distal end. The holding device is carried on the distal end of the plunger. The holding device includes a first jaw and a second jaw opposed to the first jaw. A method of gripping an item in the apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A retention device is provided for fitting a mobile electronic device in a motor vehicle. The retention device has a storage compartment for the insertion of the mobile electronic device. The storage compartment is formed at least by a rear wall and an opposing front wall. At least at the inner side of the front wall facing the rear wall there is formed a retention face on which a large number of protruding retention elements are provided. Furthermore, the spacing between the rear wall and the front wall is less than the width B and/or the length L of the mobile electronic device and the front wall of the storage compartment extends in an inclined manner, wherein the upper edge of the front wall is orientated in the direction toward the rear side of the motor vehicle.

Abstract: A monitor adapted for mounting in an automobile headrest is provided. A screen structure of the monitor is pivotable about an upper edge thereof, such that the monitor occupies little volume within the headrest. A viewing angle of the screen structure is independently adjustable by a viewer, such that the viewer can continuously select the optimum viewing angle with changing conditions inside the automobile. The screen structure automatically retracts into a housing when struck. Thus, the monitor poses little risk of injury to passengers. The housing of the monitor is attachable to the headrest with screws, which provides a very sturdy connection and reduces the chances of the housing becoming detached from the headrest during a vehicle collision. The hinged connection between the screen structure and the housing is preferably constructed of interconnected components made from sturdy materials, such as metals.

Abstract: A camera assembly in a vehicle includes a housing installed in the vehicle. A camera is mounted to the housing and movable relative to the housing between a first position where the camera can take an image of an occupant of the vehicle and a second position where the camera is blocked by a portion of the housing. In one example, the camera can be moved from the first position to the second position by rotating a knob mounted to the housing.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for applying stitches to a decorative component having a three dimensional configuration is provided. The apparatus having a head with a needle bar assembly operatively coupled to the head; a looper configured to cooperate with the needle bar assembly in order to provide a plurality of stitches in the decorative component, the looper rotating in a plane parallel to the decorative component; and a post assembly configured to drive the looper in a reciprocating fashion in the plane, wherein the post assembly is operatively coupled to a motor configured to drive the needle bar assembly in a reciprocating fashion.

Abstract: A contour connect system for applying a vehicle trim includes a fabric loop and a low-profile hook component. The fabric loop component includes a spacer layer, Class A surface layer, and a loop-containing layer, the Class A surface layer being adhered to one side of spacer layer while the loop-containing layer is adhered to the opposite side of spacer layer.

Abstract: A door trim applique retention system includes a door trim applique having a body and a tether. The tether has a body attachment point and a tether retention feature. The door trim applique retention system also includes a door inner including a receiver. The retention feature is held in the receiver.

Abstract: A trim panel such as an end panel for an instrument panel of a motor vehicle, has a body including an exposed face and a flange that interfaces with an elastomeric seal on the motor vehicle. At least one tubercle is provided on that flange. A method of installing a trim panel on a motor vehicle adjacent to an elastomeric seal is also disclosed. Tubercles on the flange gently push the elastomeric seal away from the flange during installation protecting the surface of the elastomeric seal from marring or other damage during the installation process.

Abstract: A belt molding attachment structure includes an outer panel and a belt molding. The belt molding includes a main body part, an end member, and a weather strip. The main body part has a U-shaped cross-section. The end member is attached to an end part of the main body part, and includes a locking part on a lower side. The weather strip protrudes toward a vehicle width center side in a vehicle width direction from the main body part. The outer panel includes a flat part. The locking part includes a tip part, is configured to be elastically deformed in the extending direction of the main body part, and is adjacent to at least one of edges of the flat part in the extending direction of the main body part. The tip part of the locking part abuts against a lower surface of the flat part.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wire harness arrangement structure of a vehicle, comprising plural component control parts to control plural electric components for governing a drive of the vehicle, a main control part to generate a command signal for providing a command to the plural component control parts, and plural main wire harnesses to transmit the command signal to the plural component control parts. The plural electric components include at least a brake, an engine, a transmission, and a steering, the plural main wire harnesses comprise first signal transmission routes which extend from the main control part to the plural component control parts, respectively, and second signal transmission routes which extend from the main control part to the plural component control parts, respectively, and the command signal is transmitted to the main control part to the plural component control parts through the first and second signal transmission routes.

Abstract: A vehicle electronic control device includes: a detection unit of a power supply voltage; a power determination unit determining whether the power supply voltage is reduced below a predetermined voltage; an identification number storage unit for a vehicle identification number; a timing storage unit storing time information of reduction when the power supply voltage is reduced below the predetermined voltage; a control unit acquiring a vehicle identification number stored in an identification number storage unit and time information stored in a timing storage unit of the other electronic control device; and an identification number determination unit: determining one of the other electronic control device and the electronic control device storing newest time information in the timing storage unit as a target electronic control device; and determining that a vehicle identification number stored in the identification number storage unit of the target electronic control device is a correct identification number.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of displaying vehicle range includes receiving input corresponding to a level of charge remaining in a vehicle having at least a partial electric power source usable for vehicle locomotion. The method also includes determining a maximum remaining range which the vehicle can travel based at least on the level of charge. The method further includes displaying a maximum range boundary overlaid on a map, including at least an indicator at the center of the range indicating a current location of the vehicle.

Abstract: A housing for a control unit of a motor vehicle has a housing element and a further element attached to the housing element by way of a joining technique that does not include a joining layer or by way of a joining layer. The housing element has a main body composed of a light metal and a protective layer applied to the main body. The protective layer is arranged between the main body and the attached further element. The invention further relates to a method for producing a housing and to a control unit.

Abstract: A system and method for tuning an audio system based on a seat position. The system senses and measures any change in seat position from a default seat position and adjusts a set of modified tuning parameters to be applied to the audio system based on the modified seat position. The modified tuning parameters may be mapped to a set of tuning parameters depending on the sensed and measured seat position. Alternatively, the modified tuning parameters may be set somewhere between a minimum set of tuning parameters and a maximum set of tuning parameters based on the sensed and measured seat position.

Abstract: An integrated side member having an impact absorbing structure may include a side member upper part connected to a front coupling end portion to be connected to a crash box, the side member upper part being formed in a ‘U’ shape by connecting its left and right members to each other, side member lower parts fastened to the side member upper part, and a dash cross member coupled to a lower portion of the side member upper part and between both side member lower parts.

Abstract: A vehicle front structure includes a crash box having a shape of a rectangular tube extending in the vehicle front-rear direction. The crash box extends farther outward in the vehicle width direction than a front side member, and is provided between the front side member and a bumper reinforcement. The crash box has an upper plate and a lower plate. Each of the upper plate and the lower plate has bead rows disposed in the vehicle width direction. Each of the bead rows is formed by beads extending in the vehicle width direction and arranged at predetermined intervals in the vehicle front-rear direction. The bead rows include a first bead row composed of first beads, and a second bead row composed of second beads longer than the first beads and disposed inward of the first bead row in the vehicle width direction.

Abstract: An occupant protection device for a vehicle, including an airbag system which, for protecting an occupant, includes at least one first airbag whose expansion movement in the vehicle longitudinal direction extends toward the occupant and in the vehicle vertical direction extends from bottom to top, and a second airbag whose expansion movement in the vehicle longitudinal direction extends toward the occupant and in the vehicle vertical direction extends from top to bottom, at least one sensor system that detects collision-relevant and/or occupant-relevant information, and an evaluation and control unit that evaluates the collision-relevant and/or occupant-relevant information and controls the airbag system as a function of the evaluation.

Abstract: Provided is an occupant protection device which is disposed side by side with an under-cover of an instrument panel and has a harness connected to an inflator disposed on a front side of the under-cover in a vehicle traveling direction to protect a knee portion of an occupant, including a case having a side wall on which the harness is disposed, and a protrusion configured to extend from the side wall of the case toward a front of the under-cover in forward and backward direction of a vehicle, to come in contact with the under-cover, and to restrict movement of the under-cover to the front side in the forward and backward direction of the vehicle.

Abstract: An occupant protection device includes an airbag, covering a front area from a passenger seat to a driver seat at the time of completion of inflation, including: a passenger-seat receiving inflation part; a driver-seat receiving inflation part; an inflow side inflation part; an end-side flow path part disposed so that both ends of the inflow side inflation part in the right and left direction are respectively connected with end edges of the passenger-seat receiving inflation part and the driver-seat receiving inflation part; and a central flow path part disposed so that the inflow side inflation part is connected with a proximity edge part where the passenger-seat receiving inflation part is close to the driver-seat receiving inflation part, wherein the inflow side inflation part is configured so that at least both right and left end sides at the time of completion of inflation are attached in the housing portion.

Abstract: A method for cushioning a pedestrian during contact with a moving vehicle. The method includes steps providing an energy-absorbing pedestrian interface structured to cushion the pedestrian during contact, providing an interface deployment mechanism operatively coupled to the interface and structured to move the interface between a stowed position and a deployed position, and moving the pedestrian interface to the deployed position when the vehicle is in motion and prior to contact between the pedestrian and the vehicle.

Abstract: A seatbelt retractor includes a housing and a spool rotatably supported by the housing. A torsion bar has a first end and a second end. The first end of the torsion bar is fixed to the spool, and the second end of the torsion bar is fixable relative to the housing. The seatbelt retractor includes a magnet and a rotor disposed adjacent the magnet. One of the magnet and the rotor being fixed relative to the spool and the other of the magnet and the rotor being rotatable relative to the spool. The rotor includes a conductive material.

Abstract: A power transmission mechanism (19) for transmitting power from a motor (34) to a spindle (12) having a clutch housing (50), a pawl (41) engageable with the clutch housing (50), a gear wheel (57) which holds the pawl (41) and rotates with the rotation of the motor (34), an outer gear cover (26), and a friction ring (42) engaging with the pawl (41) and held on the outer gear cover (26) by frictional force. The friction ring (42) is provided with a protruding portion (42a) which engages with an engagement groove (41b) of the pawl (41), and a plurality of contact pieces (42b) in contact with an outer peripheral surface of a small diameter ring portion (26c) of the outer gear cover (26) and press radially against the outer peripheral surface towards an inner side The friction ring can be easily coupled to the outer gear cover.

Abstract: A webbing take-up controlling device including: a motor that is configured to operate a centrifugal clutch; and a controller that controls a voltage applied to the motor such that, in the case of operating the centrifugal clutch, a first voltage lower than a target voltage to operate the centrifugal clutch is applied to the motor, and then the target voltage is applied to the motor.

Abstract: A user-customizable locking assembly includes a user-customizable key, a user-customizable key receiver, and a key receiver receptacle. Each of the user-customizable key, a user-customizable key receiver, and a key receiver receptacle includes a physical unclonable function (PUF) circuit configured to provide a PUF response in response to receiving a challenge signal. The PUF circuits of the user-customizable key and a user-customizable key receiver include personalization fuses that allow a user to further personalize or change the PUF response produced by the corresponding PUF circuits. The key receiver receptacle also includes anti-theft fuses, which are activated if the user-customizable key receiver is removed from the key receiver receptacle. In use, a protected system may utilize the PUF responses from the each of the PUF circuits to authenticate the user-customizable locking assembly.

Abstract: A wheel fastener alarm is provided with a fastener body, a cap covering the fastener body, a sensor array disposed within the fastener body, and a cover disposed over an opening in the fastener body and a hole in the cap.

Abstract: An identification of a vehicle is received. An identification of a first user to receive delegation of control of the vehicle is received. Authentication information for the first user for the vehicle is determined. A request to authenticate the first user for delegation of control of the vehicle to the first user is received. The request to authenticate includes at least the authentication information for the first user is determined. Responsive to the determination, control of the vehicle is delegated to the first user.

Abstract: A vehicle authentication system may include a controller configured to detect a trigger event, activate at least one camera, transmit a unique identifier to a mobile device, receive an image from the at least one camera, and grant access to the vehicle in response to the image including the unique identifier.

Abstract: System, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to surveillance of a vehicle. In one embodiment, a method includes, in response to detecting a surveillance event associated with the vehicle, collecting information from one or more sensors of the vehicle about the surveillance event. The method includes classifying the information according to a security profile to identify a threat type and a threat level of the surveillance event. The method includes controlling the vehicle to provide a response to the surveillance event according to the threat type and the threat level.

Abstract: A process for dynamic vehicular perimeter threat detection includes first identifying a vehicle destination location. Vehicular perimeter contextual parameters including an incident type, a historical crime rate, or a real-time crime rate associated with the vehicle destination location are retrieved. A perimeter distance of a sized vehicular geofence surrounding the vehicle is modified as a function of the vehicular perimeter contextual parameters. A 360 degree vehicular light imaging or radio wave distancing system physically coupled to the vehicle detects a breach of the sized vehicular geofence. One or more target electronic devices to notify of the detected breach are identified. And a notice of breach message provided to the identified one or more target electronic devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to a windshield wiper device for a vehicle, for wiping a window (4), comprising a wiper blade (2) that has an elongate upper part (10) and an elongate lower part (12) which are at least partly flexible. Also provided is a plurality of connecting elements (18) for connecting the upper part (10) and the lower part (12), the connecting elements (18) being spaced apart along a longitudinal direction (8) of the wiper blade (2) and being attached to the upper part (10) and/or the lower part (12) by a rotary joint (20), and the connecting elements (18) being designed to allow a motion of the upper part (10) and the lower part relative to each other with a motion component along the longitudinal direction (8) of the wiper blade (2). Each connecting element (18) extends along a longitudinal axis (24) of the connecting element (18) and along a transverse axis (25) running perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (24), which runs from the upper part (10) to the lower part (12).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for contamination prevention of vehicle cameras and sensors. An example vehicle includes an exterior, a camera along the exterior and including a lens, and a controller. The controller is to determine, based upon images captured by the camera, whether a contaminant is approaching the lens and identify a contaminant state upon determining the contaminant is approaching the lens. The example vehicle also includes a nozzle to spray washer fluid to prevent contamination of the lens responsive to the controller identifying that the contaminant is a liquid.

Abstract: Systems and methods for augmenting measurements with automotive repair information are described herein. A method may include a server storing a plurality of service scenarios defined for at least one display device. Each stored service scenario includes at least one setup instruction, and each setup instruction is based on at least one capability of at least one CVST. The method may further include the server receiving data indicating an operating condition of a vehicle from a first display device of the at least one display device. Based on the stored plurality of service scenarios and the received data, the server may determine that a first stored service scenario of the plurality of service scenarios matches the operating condition. The server may then determine a first CVST having a first capability that is associated with the first display device, and transmitting the first stored service scenario to the first display device.

Abstract: A system and method for braking a flat-towed vehicle based upon a braking pressure of a braking fluid in a braking circuit in the towing vehicle, the method includes measuring a piezoresistor voltage drop across a piezoresistor positioned within the braking circuit such that the piezoresistor voltage drop changes in response to the braking pressure within the braking circuit. Based upon the measured piezoresistor voltage drop, a motor frame duration is retrieved. A clutch engages the motor output shaft to initiate a clutch frame. Upon expiration of a programmed clutch delay, a motor frame initiates by supplying power to a motor. Upon expiration of the motor frame duration, power to the motor is interrupted. The clutch continues to be engaged for the duration of the clutch frame. The clutch releases allowing a capstan attached to the clutch to spin freely relative to the motor output shaft.

Abstract: A method of managing the deceleration of a vehicle. The method comprises receiving a brake command and determining an actual rate of deceleration of the vehicle. The method further comprises monitoring the speed of the vehicle as the vehicle decelerates in response to the brake command. The method still further comprises modifying the amount of brake torque being applied to one or more wheels of the vehicle when the vehicle speed reaches a predetermined threshold, by first decreasing the amount of brake torque being applied and then subsequently increasing the amount of brake torque being applied to bring the vehicle to a standstill. A system for implementing the methodology is also provided.

Abstract: A solenoid valve comprises a valve closing body, which can open or close a valve passage formed in a valve seat body which is pressed into a valve housing, and comprising a magnet armature acted upon by a restoring spring, arranged in a through-bore of the valve housing. In addition to a press-fit segment, the valve seat body has a clearance-fit segment along the outer jacket of the valve seat body. The clearance-fit segment has a reduced outside diameter in relation to the press-fit segment. The valve housing also has a tube segment, which deflects radially inward and which has a constant inside diameter that is reduced relative to the outside diameter of the press-fit segment. The tube segment thus deflecting into the clearance-fit segment of the valve seat body because of the elasticity of the tube segment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a brake system. The brake system includes a pulsation attenuation device configured to attenuate pressure pulsation of brake oil discharged from a pump, wherein the pulsation attenuation device includes a first damping device, wherein the first damping device includes: a first damping member inserted into a first bore in communication with an in-port through which brake oil is introduced and an out-port through which brake oil is discharged and having a hollow formed therein; a second damping member inserted into the hollow to form a damping space between the second damping member and an inner circumferential surface of the first damping member; and a sealing member coupled to the first damping member and configured to seal the first bore, wherein the damping space is formed by a plurality of grooves formed in the hollow.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electric caliper brake including a carrier at which a pair of pad plates are installed to be movable forward and backward, and a caliper housing slidably installed at the carrier and provided with a cylinder in which a piston having a concave cup-shaped interior is installed to be movable forward and backward by a braking hydraulic pressure, the electric caliper brake comprising: a power converter provided with a spindle member installed to pass through a rear portion of the cylinder and rotated by receiving a rotational force from an actuator, and a nut member configured with a rod screw-coupled to the spindle member and disposed inside the piston and a head portion formed to extend from the rod in a radial direction to be in contact with the piston; and a blocking member having one end installed at the piston and the other end installed at the rod and configured to seal an inner space of the piston.

Abstract: A spindle nut assembly for an electric parking brake has a spindle and a spindle nut. The spindle has a plurality of spindle stops and a plurality of external threads. The plurality of external threads has at least two threads. The spindle nut is operatively connected to the spindle, has a plurality of stop cams, and has a plurality of internal threads. At least one of the plurality of stop cams is engaged with at least one of the plurality of spindle stops when a first thread of the plurality of internal threads is started on any external thread of the plurality of external threads.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure-volume delivery system comprising a piston-cylinder unit with a piston acting on both sides (dual-action reciprocating piston), said piston having at least two different active surfaces in corresponding pressure chambers and the pressure chambers being connected to at least one consumer via hydraulic lines. The delivery system also comprises a drive for the piston-cylinder unit. According to the invention, the pressure chambers and/or hydraulic lines are interconnected by means of at least one or more switching valves connected in parallel and having a large flow cross-section (AV) and via a short hydraulic line or lines with low flow resistance.