Abstract: The vehicle running control apparatus (driving support ECU 10) determines whether or not the driver of the vehicle is in an abnormal state in which the driver has lost an ability to drive the vehicle, and stops the vehicle by reducing the vehicle speed to 0 after an abnormality determination time point when the driver is determined to be in the abnormal state. The vehicle running control apparatus predicts a position at which the vehicle stops when the vehicle speed is reduced at a predetermined deceleration, when the predicted stop position is not within a stop prohibited area (for example, a curved road and a section within a predetermined distance from a point at which the road changes from the curved road to the straight road), it decelerates the vehicle with the deceleration and stops the vehicle. In contrast, the vehicle running control apparatus makes the vehicle ran with a constant speed when the predicted stop position is within the stop prohibited area.

Abstract: A driver assistance system for avoiding collisions includes an environmental sensor for detecting the traffic environment of the vehicle and a processing unit configured to assess the traffic environment as to the likelihood of a danger and plan a route avoiding or at least minimizing the danger for the vehicle. The processing unit is further configured to predict a possible control intervention of the driver in reaction to the danger and select a route which is compatible with that control intervention.

Abstract: A lane changing support apparatus includes a plurality of radar sensors and a driving support ECU. The driving support ECU determines whether or not a target object is highly likely to have entered a blind spot area of the radar sensors based on fusion target object information, when starting an extrapolation process of the fusion target object. When the driving support ECU determines that the fusion target object is highly likely to have entered the blind spot, the driving support ECU prohibits the lane changing support control to a lane in the side of this blind spot area.

Abstract: A vehicle speed control system that carries out a method of receiving a user input of a target set-speed at which the vehicle is intended to travel and applying torque to the at least one of the vehicle wheels for propelling the vehicle at a vehicle control speed. The user input is received via an input device that enables the user to incrementally increase the target set-speed by pressing and holding a target set-speed + button. The system includes a controller configured to incrementally increase the target set-speed while the set-speed + button is held, and, once the set-speed + button is released the controller is configured to continue to increase the target set-speed by a value determined by the controller in dependence on at least one of the instantaneous vehicle speed and the terrain over which the vehicle is travelling.

Abstract: A control system for maintaining a traffic warning triangle at a constant speed when deployed, notwithstanding rises and falls in the road surface, includes a driver, a driving controller, a detector, and a processor. The driving controller controls the driver to drive the mobile warning triangle to move on a road at a predetermined speed. The detector obtains information as to the road. The processor outputs control signals to the driving controller to control the mobile warning triangle to move at the constant predetermined speed when moving. A control method of the mobile warning triangle is also provided.

Abstract: A system includes one or more processors configured to communicatively link a first operator control unit (OCU) disposed off-board a vehicle system with a vehicle control system (VCS) disposed onboard the vehicle system. The vehicle system is formed from first and second vehicles. The VCS is configured to remotely control movement of the second vehicle from the first vehicle, wherein the one or more processors configured to receive a control signal communicated from the first OCU to a communication device that is onboard the first vehicle. The control signal dictates a change in movement operational setting of the second vehicle. The one or more processors configured to direct the communication device to communicate the control signal from the first vehicle to the second vehicle via the VCS, wherein movement of the second vehicle is automatically changed responsive to communicating the control signal from the first vehicle to the second vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle traveling control device includes an electronic control unit and an actuator. The electronic control unit is configured to specify a tracked preceding vehicle and calculate a tracking target acceleration. The electronic control unit is configured to select the tracking target acceleration as a final target acceleration when a blinker operation is not executed, and select a first acceleration equal to or higher than the tracking target acceleration as the final target acceleration when the blinker operation is executed. The electronic control unit is configured to select a second acceleration lower than the first acceleration as the final target acceleration when a vehicle speed of the passing lane preceding vehicle is equal to or lower than that of the host vehicle. The actuator is configured to control the host vehicle such that an actual acceleration of the host vehicle approaches the final target acceleration.

Abstract: A vehicle driving assist apparatus includes a processor that generates a target traveling trajectory of an own vehicle on the basis of a preceding vehicle traveling trajectory. The processor includes: a determining unit that determines first and second fluctuation amounts and compares them with a threshold to determine fluctuation in both end point positions in a widthwise direction of a preceding vehicle; and a first calculator that, on a condition that one of the first and the second fluctuation amounts is greater than the threshold and thereby determined as fluctuating and the other of the first and the second fluctuation amount is equal to or less than the threshold and thereby determined as non-fluctuating, determines a vehicle width center position of the preceding vehicle by setting, as a reference, non-fluctuating one of the both end point positions corresponding to the non-fluctuating one of the first and the second fluctuation amounts.

Abstract: A method adapts an energy supply of a vehicle drive system, where values of at least a first energy utilization characteristic variable which represents a first energy utilization process in the vehicle are determined, and values of at least one parameter which represents at least one peripheral condition of the energy utilization during the first energy utilization process are determined. A mathematical relationship is determined between these values, after which a profile data record is made which contains a data record and/or learning data on the basis of the mathematical relationship. As a function of the profile data record, at least one adaptation information item for adapting the energy supply of the drive system of the vehicle for a second energy utilization process is determined, and/or an adaptation information item for adapting the energy supply of the drive system of a second vehicle for an energy utilization process is determined.

Abstract: A vehicle control device turns off a clutch to put a vehicle into an inertia operation state in response to a predetermined executing condition being met, and turns on the clutch to terminate the inertia operation state in response to a predetermined terminating condition being met during the inertia operation. The vehicle control device includes a deceleration degree calculating device, a determination device, and an operation control device. The deceleration degree calculating device calculates an actual deceleration degree. The determination device determines whether the actual deceleration degree is greater than a threshold value defined on the basis of a deceleration degree of the vehicle in an accelerator-off and clutch-on state. The operation control device terminates or maintains the inertia operation depending on a condition of the actual deceleration degree.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a vehicle automatic transmission comprising a dog clutch utilize a set of sensors configured to measure accelerator pedal position, torque generating device speed, and vehicle speed, and a controller configured to detect whether a coast downshift of the transmission to a desired gear ratio and involving the dog clutch is to be performed. In response to detecting that the coast downshift involving the dog clutch is to be performed, the controller determines whether the accelerator pedal has been depressed indicating a request for increased torque generating device speed/torque, when the accelerator pedal is depressed, performs a downshift of the transmission, while the accelerator pedal is not depressed, determines whether a synchronization point of the vehicle speed relative to the torque generating device speed has been reached and when the vehicle/torque generating device speed synchronization point has been reached, performs the downshift of the transmission.

Abstract: A vehicle control system includes a speed control system which is configured automatically to attempt to cause a vehicle to operate in accordance with a target speed value by causing a first vehicle speed value determined according to a first predetermined method to become or be maintained substantially equal to the predetermined target speed value at least in part by causing application of positive drive torque to one or more wheels by means of a powertrain. The speed control system is configured to impose a constraint on the amount of driving torque that may be demanded of the powertrain in dependence on the target speed value and a second vehicle speed value determined according to a second predetermined method. The second predetermined method is based on the mean speed of the driven wheels of the vehicle.

Abstract: A motorcycle includes an engine that generates a driving force during a normal traveling mode, and a vehicle driving motor that generates a driving force for moving a vehicle main body forward and backward during an auxiliary moving mode. A traveling speed of the vehicle main body is detected by a speed sensor, and the detected traveling speed is presented to the rider by a speedometer. A rotation speed of the vehicle driving motor or a rotation speed of a gear rotated by the vehicle driving motor is detected by a rotation speed sensor as a physical quantity that changes depending on a moving speed of the vehicle main body during the auxiliary moving mode. The vehicle driving motor is controlled based on the detected rotation speed such that the moving speed of the vehicle main body is close to or coincides with a target speed.

Abstract: Vehicle acceleration from a learned deceleration area or stop can be learned and/or predicted. While approaching a learned deceleration stop, deceleration data including a current accelerator off speed can be acquired. It can be determined whether there is an acceleration learning record for the learned deceleration stop. Responsive to determining that there is an acceleration learning record for the learned deceleration area, it can be determined whether the current accelerator off speed meets a qualification rule based on one or more prior accelerator off speeds included in the acceleration learning record for the learned deceleration area. Responsive to determining that the current accelerator off speed meets the qualification rule, an acceleration for the vehicle from the learned deceleration area can be predicted. The predicted acceleration can include a cruising speed that is substantially equal to the current accelerator off speed.

Abstract: An FF hybrid vehicle control device having an HEV mode and an EV mode as drive modes is provided with a CVT control unit (84) for determining primary pulley pressure (Ppri) and secondary pulley pressure (Psec) with which a belt (6c) of a belt-type continuously variable transmission (6) will be clamped on the basis of a torque component inputted to the belt-type continuously variable transmission (6) during brake deceleration, and the corrected amount of brake torque which is an inertia torque correction component. The CVT control unit (84) reduces the corrected amount of brake torque during brake deceleration when EV mode is selected to be less than the corrected amount of brake torque during brake deceleration when HEV mode is selected.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a powertrain and a controller. The powertrain includes a powerplant. The controller is programmed to, responsive to a tip-in resulting in a powertrain torque direction reversal and upon obtaining a base value of a desired powertrain lash angle, adjust a powerplant torque schedule. The controller is then subsequently programmed to adjust the desired powertrain lash angle from the base to an adjusted value based on an observed powertrain lash angle that corresponds to a maximum powertrain acceleration during the tip-in.

Abstract: A method for operating an automated motor vehicle includes: ascertaining a target trajectory for the motor vehicle, acquiring environmental data of the motor vehicle, ascertaining a tolerance region of the target trajectory based on the acquired environmental data, and guiding the motor vehicle in the tolerance region of the target trajectory in such a way that guidance of the motor vehicle with the smallest possible changes in acceleration and/or with energetically optimized propulsion is definedly more highly prioritized than definedly accurate guidance of the motor vehicle along the target trajectory.

Abstract: A driver monitoring apparatus has a photographing means for taking a picture of a driver's face, an illumination means for emitting light to the driver's face, a light amount control means for setting the amount of light from the illumination means to a first or second amount of light, a differential image creating means for comparing image information about one image on which the driver's face to which the first amount of light was emitted is photographed with image information about another image on which the driver's face to which the second amount of light was emitted is photographed and then creating a differential image from differential information about brightness of corresponding pixels, a detecting means for detecting the driver's eyes from the differential image created by the differential image creating means, and a state detecting means for detecting the driver' state according to an image of the driver's eyes.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a system receives sensor data from a number of sensors of the ADV. The system extracts a predetermined number of features from the sensor data using a machine learning model. The system determining whether to alert a user to intervene the ADS based on the extracted features using the machine learning model. The system then generating a safety alarm based on the determining whether to alert the user to intervene the ADS and alerts the user to intervene the ADS of the ADV based on the generated safety alarm.

Abstract: A transportation system for supersonic travel including a conduit containing an atmosphere that exhibits high aerodynamic tunneling performance, or high gas efficacy, and a vehicle designed to operate within the conduit. The vehicle traveling within the conduit along a support and guide structure that is complementary to a support and guidance system of the vehicle. The vehicle being propelled through the conduit via a propulsion system that includes contra-rotating propellers.

Abstract: A propulsion system includes plural inverters configured to be onboard a vehicle and to convert direct current into an alternating current, and plural motors configured to receive the alternating current from the inverters. The motors also are configured to be operably coupled with axles of the vehicle to rotate the axles. The inverters are configured to be coupled with and control the motors that rotate non-neighboring axles of the axles in the vehicle.

Abstract: A railcar that allows a first end beam to move toward a second end beam when an intended load is input is provided. A railcar includes a fuse member that couples a first end beam to a second end beam along a car longitudinal direction, and the fuse member buckles when a load received in collision exceeds a predetermined value to allow the first end beam to move toward the second end beam, thus ensuring reduction of variation of the load that allows the first end beam to move toward the second end beam. Consequently, when the intended load is input, the first end beam is allowed to move toward the second end beam.

Abstract: A chassis frame for a bogie of a rail vehicle which includes at least one longitudinal member having an upper chord and a lower chord, wherein the longitudinal member has at least one end portion, a central portion, and a transition portion lying between the end portion and the central portion, and the end portion of the longitudinal member is formed as a spring cup for receiving a primary spring, where in order to improve the rigidity curve between the spring cup and the transition portion the lower chord is provided with a curvature in the region of the transition portion, where the curvature is formed such that the imaginary extension of the lower chord and the upper chord itself or the imaginary extension of the upper chord intersect in the end portion.

Abstract: A train control system and method for a train including at least one locomotive or control car and, optionally, at least one railroad car, in a track network having a plurality of tracks, includes at least one computer programmed or configured to receive or determine an indication that the train is stopped, continuously increment a counter in response to the indication that the train is stopped, and control an operator interface to output a current count of the counter to an operator of the train.

Abstract: In a normal operating mode, track-bound vehicles report their respective position to a track-side device and the track-side device determines a respective movement authority taking into account the reported positions for the track-bound vehicles and transmits the movement authorities to the respective track-bound vehicle. If a track-bound vehicles is faulty and cannot ensure its integrity, and it is consequently not able to report a valid or reliable position, a switch-over into a fault mode takes place without interrupting the travel operation of the track-bound vehicles. In the fault mode the faulty track-bound vehicle determines a position of one of its vehicle ends and reports the position together with information that it cannot ensure its integrity, to the track-side device. Movement authorities are then determined by the track-side device, taking into account the reported position of the one vehicle end and track vacancy information of a track-side track vacancy system.

Abstract: A method for determining a signal aspect representing the vacant or occupied state of a track section for a rail vehicle, in particular a maintenance or construction vehicle, on a CBTC track. In this case, the rail vehicle does not have an on-board CBTC device. In order to dispense with special hardware, an app on a smartphone initiates the following steps: A) photographing of a track beacon in the direction of travel, B) determining the ID (identification signature) of the track beacon, C) transmitting of the track beacon ID to a CBTC track control center and D) receiving of the signal aspect determined by the CBTC track control center for the track section starting with the track beacon.

Abstract: An anti-collision system for railcars and locomotives and, more particularly, to a distance ranging and worker coupling protection system utilizes remote-sensing radar techniques for use with a locomotive and railcar. The anti-collision system may include an object detector device attached to a railcar or a locomotive that detects objects in a path of the railcar and the locomotive and a train display device electrically connected to the object detector device. The anti-collision system may also include an emergency action device which enables a crew member to stop the railcar or locomotive without communication to a locomotive operator when a hazard is recognized. The object detector device may include a remote sensor, a radio, and a microprocessor programmed to include data-logging to record and log all data from the anti-collision system.

Abstract: Example implementations relate to receiving vibration notifications from vibration sensors. In example implementations, a subset of a plurality of vibration sensors from which vibration notifications are expected may be identified based on a position of a train along a track. The plurality of vibration sensors may be arranged in a predetermined order on the track. Whether vibration notifications have not been received from consecutive, with respect to the predetermined order, vibration sensors in the subset may be determined.

Abstract: System for determining train information relative to a train moving along a railway track having a pressure measuring device placed along the railway track and arranged to measure the speed of an airflow generated by the train when moving on the railway track, and to generate a speed signal; and a controller arranged to receive said speed signal and to determine train information relative to the train in function of said speed signal.

Abstract: A trackside railway apparatus includes at least one sensor device which is configured to detect at least one use of at least one trackside component of a railway installation. A storage device stores at least one item of use information dating or tracing back to the detection of the use. A transmission device is configured to wirelessly transmit the usage information to at least one receiving device entering a transmission range in a manner which is temporally decoupled from the storage. The apparatus is configured to detect the at least one receiving device entering the transmission range. A device for determining use of at least one trackside component of a railway system and a method for detecting use of at least one trackside component of a railway installation are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system, server, and method for automatically calculating a platform dwell time of a train. The system includes a passenger detection device configured to determine the number of passengers who board or deboard a train entering a station; an operation control server configured to calculate an appropriate dwell time of the train by using the number of passengers, which is received from the passenger detection device; and an ATO device configured to control a dwell time of the train by using the appropriate dwell time, which is received from the operation control server.

Abstract: A wireless target activation system for a train, the system including at least one computer programmed or configured to: receive at least one first target location and at least one second target location associated with a forward route of the train, wherein the at least one first target location is located before the at least one second target location on the forward route of the train; determine a gap time between when the leading edge of the train leaves the at least one first target location and is estimated to arrive at the at least one second target location based at least partially on a distance between the at least one first target location and the at least one second target location and a design speed; and based at least partially on the gap time, an allowable acceleration of the train, and a required warning time, generate an activation message configured to activate or cause the activation of at least one function associated with the at least one second target location.

Abstract: A cart includes a bottom frame having a first transverse frame member and a longitudinal frame member, first and second back wheels, a first front wheel, a carrier frame, a collapsing mechanism, and a folding mechanism. First and second back wheel holders pivotably connect the first and second back wheels to opposite ends of the first transverse frame member, respectively. A first slide block slides along the longitudinal frame member. First and second guide units connect the first slide block to the first and second back wheel holder. A connecting member connects the carrier frame to the first slide block. A first front wheel holder pivotably connects the first front wheel to the bottom frame. A third guide unit guides the first front wheel holder. A longitudinal connecting arm connects the first slide block to the third guide unit for the first front wheel holder.

Abstract: A carrier for transporting a grill and cooler over difficult terrain includes a chassis that includes a first frame and a floor. The first frame has a front end that includes a front axle to which a front wheel may be coupled with and rotatable about, and a rear end that includes a rear axle to which a rear wheel may be coupled with and rotatable about. The floor is coupled with the first frame, and together, the first frame and the floor define a receptacle disposed between the front and rear wheel and that is configured to hold a cooler. The carrier also includes a second frame coupled with the chassis and operable to hold a grill. The second frame is positionable relative to the first frame to: 1) a first position where the grill is operable to cook food when the second frame holds the grill, and 2) a second position where the grill is stored for transportation when the second frame holds the grill.

Abstract: A convertible cargo case for a wagon is provided. The cargo case has a housing and a frame. The frame has frame members in a first plane and frame members in a second plane substantially parallel to the first plane. Cross members connect the frame members in the first plane with the frame members in the second plane. The housing has a first side wall, a second side wall, a third side wall, a fourth side wall, and a bottom wall defining a cavity. The housing is releasably secured to the frame with a plurality of locks. The cargo case is positioned adjacent a rear of the wagon in a cargo use configuration, and the wagon is positioned partially within the cavity of the housing in a storage configuration.

Abstract: A frame structure of a perambulator, a child seat, an infant carrier or the like, includes a profiled frame element which along a profile direction of the frame element has a substantially constant cross-section, wherein the profiled frame element includes an at least predominantly closed cross-section, and wherein the profiled fame element has an inwardly projecting first protrusion which is configured to be brought into engagement with a fastening arrangement.

Abstract: A steering column having: an adjustable body intended to be mounted so as to be free to slide on a support and comprising two walls, a tube fixed to the adjustable body, a wedge inside the adjustable body and mobile between an unlocked position and a locking position inside the adjustable body between and at a distance from the walls, driving means and guiding means for the wedge, arranged with the wedge so as to be able to drive the wedge in a simple translation movement so that the wedge can come to bear against the adjustable body to immobilize the adjustable body relative to the wedge.

Abstract: A steering column assembly includes a first shaft assembly, a second shaft assembly, and a locking assembly. The first shaft assembly has a first shaft. The second shaft assembly has a second shaft that is at least partially received within the first shaft. The locking assembly is disposed about at least one of the first shaft and the second shaft and is arranged to inhibit rotation of at least one of the first shaft and the second shaft.

Abstract: A steering apparatus for a vehicle that utilizes steer-by-wire controls and may selectively be operated in an autonomous mode comprises a retractable telescopic steering column adapted to extend by as much as three hundred millimeters (300 mm) from its fully retracted position. The steering column is also in force communication with a feedback motor, which provides feedback to the driver of the vehicle via a steering wheel attached to the steering column to emulate the forces that would be transmitted to the steering wheel if the steering wheel were mechanically linked to the steerable wheels of the vehicle.

Abstract: A first sliding member is held by an upper jacket. A second sliding member includes a fixed portion fixed to the first sliding member, and an extension portion that extends in a column axis direction and that has a coupled portion coupled to the fixed portion at a predetermined location in the column axis direction. The second sliding member being clamped by the clamping mechanism slides relative to a supporting member and a lower jacket during a secondary impact. The second sliding member includes a slit that reduces coupling stiffness between the fixed portion and the coupled portion of the extension portion so as to facilitate, in a clamping state of the clamping mechanism, deflection of the coupled portion of the extension portion relative to the fixed portion in a lateral direction as seen from the column axis direction.

Abstract: A vehicle steering input device comprising: a first knob (102) configured to be rotatable around a first axis of rotation and operatively coupled to a steering column (200) so that rotating the first knob (102) results in rotation of the steering column (200); and a second knob (1112) configured to be rotatable around a second axis of rotation and operatively coupled to rotate the steering column (200) so that rotating the second knob (112) results in rotating the steering column (200), wherein the first and second rotatable knobs (102, 112) are operatively coupled so that rotating one knob (102; 112) in a clockwise (CW) or counter clockwise (CCW) direction results in rotating the other knob (112; 102) in a same direction, and the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation define an angle.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vehicle including a steering wheel arranged offset toward one side in a vehicle body right/left direction, and an electric power steering unit. The electric power steering unit includes a link mechanism operably connected to the steering wheel and extending from a right/left center side of the steering wheel toward a vehicle body right/left center side to be operably connected to a wheel side, an assist device for the link mechanism, a control lever arranged adjacent the vehicle body right/left center in the vicinity of the steering wheel, a rotation shaft operably connected to the control lever to be rotated about a right/left axis that extends in the vehicle body right/left direction, and a control cable operably connected to the rotation shaft. A base end portion of the control cable is more offset toward the one side than the assist device.

Abstract: A steering control information calculation unit (2) calculates a graph of steering control information in accordance with steering control information acquired by a steering control information acquisition unit (1). A mark information input unit (3) acquires mark information input by an adjusting person. A mark information processing unit (4) sets a mark on the graph of the steering control information when the mark information input unit (3) acquires the mark information. An adjustment information display unit (6) displays the graph of the steering control information and the mark set by the mark information processing unit (4) to be superimposed.

Abstract: A control circuit includes a proportional control unit configured to calculate a proportional value of a difference between an operating value fed back from an object to be controlled and a target value, as a first output value, an integration unit including a suppressing section, the integration unit configured to calculate an integrated value by adding the difference and a previously-calculated integrated value as processed by the suppressing section, and a second output value based on the integrated value, and an output unit configured to output, to the object, a control signal having a value based on the first and second output values. The suppressing section modifies the previously-calculated integrated value to be in a predetermined range if the previously-calculated integrated value is outside the predetermined range.

Abstract: Provided is a water detection system and an electric power steering apparatus capable of preventing or reducing complication of an apparatus with respect to a water detection system including a water detection element and a determination circuit positioned separately from each other. The water detection system includes a transmission-side unit provided in an apparatus mounted on a vehicle of the electric power steering apparatus and including a water detection element, and a reception-side unit spaced apart from the transmission-side unit and including a determination circuit. The transmission-side unit wirelessly transmits an output signal of the water detection element, and the reception-side unit receives the output signal wirelessly transmitted from the transmission-side unit.

Abstract: An electronic control unit diagnoses a short failure of an inverter FETs and diagnoses whether the failure of the FET-short detecting section has occurred. The unit controls a motor through an inverter including a bridge having an upper-stage FETs and a lower-stage FETs via an MCU, having: an FET-short detecting section to detect a short failure of the upper-stage FETs and the lower-stage FETs based on respective connection point voltages of the upper-stage FETs and the lower-stage FETs; and a diagnostic function to detect a failure of the FET-short detecting section. The diagnostic function diagnoses the failure of the FET-short detecting section at start up and turns-OFF the upper-stage FETs and the lower-stage FETs when the failure is detected. The FET-short detecting section diagnoses the short failure of the upper-stage FETs and the lower-stage FETs when the failure of the FET-short detecting section is not detected.

Abstract: [Problem] An object of the present invention is to provide a motor control unit that achieves desired performance more simply with higher accuracy by setting a frequency characteristic according to a state of the control unit and automatically adjusting a control gain by the set value, and to provide an electric power steering apparatus equipped with the same.

Abstract: A steer-by-wire steering system may include a steering adjuster that is electronically controlled depending on driver input, a feedback actuator transmitting feedback from a road, and a control unit that actuates the feedback actuator and the steering adjuster. The control unit comprises an estimator including a monitor and a model of the feedback actuator. The estimator may estimate a driver's steering torque based on measurement values of the feedback actuator and with the model and the monitor, then providing the driver's steering torque as a result. The control unit further comprises a filter unit that analyzes the measurement values of the feedback actuator by determining the damping of amplitudes of predetermined frequency ranges and to provide the result. The control unit further comprises a decision unit that decides whether a driver's hand is in contact with a steering wheel by using the results of the filter unit and the estimator.

Abstract: An all-wheel steer trailer is disclosed which includes an elongated frame, having a forward end and a rearward end, with the forward end of the frame having the rearward end of an elongated tongue secured thereto about a horizontal axis. The rearward end of the tongue is pivotally secured, about a horizontal axis, to a pair of wheels at the forward end of the frame. The invention includes an improved structure wherein the pivoting of the front wheels of the trailer also causes the pivoting of the rear wheels of the trailer so that the rear wheels track the front wheels of the trailer as the trailer is being turned. The trailer includes an improved means for pivoting the rear wheels of the trailer with respect to the front wheels of the trailer as the trailer is being turned.

Abstract: A omnidirectional vehicle includes a chassis, wheels and wheel steering mechanisms. The wheel steering mechanisms are configured between the chassis and the wheels, and are arranged to drive the wheels to rotate about a steering center shaft of each wheel with 180° or more. The omnidirectional vehicle can achieve longitudinal driving and lateral driving, or other driving manners.