Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques and architectures that involve a latent activity model for workplace emails. Such a model is based, at least in part, on a concept that communications, such as email at a workplace, are purposeful and organized by activities. An activity is a set of interrelated actions and events around a common goal, involving a particular group of people, set of resources, and time framework, for example. The latent activity model involves a probabilistic inference in graphical models that jointly captures the interplay between latent activities and the email contexts governed by the emails. Such contexts may be email recipients, subject and body of the email, and so on.

Abstract: For dynamically changing a rendering of content, the content including a textual character is received at a mobile device. An encoding of the textual character uses a first code point according to a character encoding standard. The mobile device's presence at a geographical location is detected. The mobile device is associated with a user. A variant selection rule is selected at the device. The variant selection rule specifies a location based condition to select a variant corresponding to the textual character. A variant is selected at the device according to the variant selection rule, a variant mapping corresponding to the first code point. The variant mapping includes the variant. The encoding of the textual character is replaced at the device with an encoding of the variant in the rendering of the content.

Abstract: Presenting a link label for multiple hyperlinks includes presenting a layered data element in an electronic message with a link label that represents multiple hyperlinks in a display, designating an active hyperlink from the multiple hyperlinks based on specific criteria associated with a recipient of the electronic message, and directing the recipient of the electronic message to an online location of the active hyperlink in response to user input selecting the link label.

Abstract: Techniques for dynamic landing pages are disclosed. In some embodiments, a process for providing dynamic landing pages includes selecting a dynamic landing page in response to a request for a Uniform Resource Indicator (URI) (e.g., destination URI) of a web site using a dynamic selector engine; and returning the dynamic landing page using a proxy service. For example, the dynamic landing page can correspond to a web page that is returned in response to the request for the destination URI, and the web page can include customized content (e.g., including a widget) that is targeted for a campaign, channel, source, and/or user.

Abstract: A virtual device for processing Web-based content to be displayed on a remote rendering device includes: a processor implemented by one or more cloud resources; and a memory, and the memory stores instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to: receive the content; detect an attribute of the remote rendering device and process the content according to the detected attribute; analyze the content to construct a render tree corresponding to the content; prepare render tree data for rendering by the remote rendering device, the render tree data corresponding to the constructed render tree; and transmit the render tree data over a communication network to the remote rendering device.

Abstract: Methods, systems and computer readable media are provided for managing user generated content in relation to content. One example method includes receiving content from a mobile device. The received content is associated to one or more entities. The method associates the received content to a media forum. The association of the content to the media forum enables at least one discussion regarding the received content on the media forum. The media forum has an interest graph that adjusts over time. Responsive to receiving a request to view an article, the method selects the media forum to be associated with the article when the article is presented on a display. The association of the media forum to the article provides an adjustment to the interest graph of the media forum.

Abstract: A targeted summary of textual content tuned to a target audience vocabulary is generated in a digital medium environment. A word generation model obtains textual content, and generates a targeted summary of the textual content. During the generation of the targeted summary, the words of the targeted summary generated by the word generation model are tuned to the target audience vocabulary using a linguistic preference model. The linguistic preference model is trained, using machine learning on target audience training data corresponding to a corpus of text of the target audience vocabulary, to learn word preferences of the target audience vocabulary between similar words (e.g., synonyms). After each word is generated using the word generation model and the linguistic preference model, feedback regarding the generated word is provided back to the word generation model. The feedback is utilized by the word generation model to generate subsequent words of the summary.

Abstract: A method of converting a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) schema to an Efficient Extensible Markup Language (XML) Interchange (EXI) document. The method may include generating an XML structure from a JSON schema for data at a first size and including one or more properties, wherein the one or more properties are XML attribute names in the XML structure. The method may also include generating an EXI grammar including the one or more properties. Further, the method may include generating the EXI document for the data at a second size smaller than the first size and based on the EXI grammar.

Abstract: A system from updating a document to include revisions made by multiple parties that includes an indexing module for building relationships between atom repositories and source files, and a mapping module builds a relationship between multiple atom repositories produced by indexing module that are associated with a same source file family. The system also includes an atom controlling module for controlling atom adding and atom splitting in the multiple atom repository in response to update, insert and delete operations of information units in the source file. The system can also include a synchronizing engine for synchronizing updates from one version of the source file to all versions of the source file in accordance with the atom controlling module that have been made by all users when be viewed by a single user.

Abstract: A method of providing feed information is provided. The method comprises calculating an affinity score for each information source that provides updates to an information feed for a first user of a social networking system wherein the affinity score for each information source is calculated based on interaction factors between the first user and the information source. The method further comprises assigning a transparency value to each information source by converting the affinity score to a transparency value, generating the information feed of the social networking system for the first user wherein the information feed includes updates from the information sources, sending the information feed and the transparency value for each information source to a web browser operated by the first user, and instructing the web browser to display each update at a transparency level that corresponds to the transparency value assigned to the information source that provided the update.

Abstract: Document version discoverability and persistence are provided. A version history of a document includes snapshots of the document as it is created and edited over time. When a version history for a document is invoked, a list of the previous versions of the document is generated for display. Certain versions may be more important to a user. Upon selection of a version, an option to append identification metadata to the selected version is displayed. Received text input is appended to the version of interest, and stored as identification metadata. When a user subsequently selects to view the version history of the document, the identification metadata are displayed with the version of interest, enabling the user to quickly and easily identify the version of interest. Additionally, the version of interest is prioritized, ensuring that it is persisted and not purged when older versions are removed from storage.

Abstract: A method of computerized presentation of a legend of object symbols on a document. The method includes receiving a document having object symbols. Each object symbol includes a graphical representation, an object symbol type and an object type numerical value. The method includes generating one or more groups of object symbols of the one or more object symbols based upon the object symbol type of each of the object symbols. The method includes deriving a group cumulative quantity for each group of object symbols based upon the object type numerical value of each object symbol in each group of object symbols. The method includes generating a legend including a one or more legend entries corresponding to each of the one or more groups of object symbols. Each legend entry includes a group type symbol, the object symbol type, and a group cumulative quantity. The method includes displaying the legend.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described herein for identifying tasks in messages. In various implementations, natural language processing may be performed on a received message to generate an annotated message. The annotated message may be analyzed pursuant to a grammar. A portion of the message may be classified as a user task entry based on the analysis of the annotated message.

Abstract: A device may obtain a document. The device may identify a skip value for the document. The skip value may relate to a quantity of words or a quantity of characters that are to be skipped in an n-gram. The device may determine one or more skip n-grams using the skip value for the document. A skip n-gram, of the one or more skip n-grams, may include a sequence of one or more words or one or more characters with a set of occurrences in the document. The sequence of one or more words or one or more characters may include a skip value quantity of words or characters within the sequence. The device may extract one or more terms from the document based on the one or more skip n-grams. The device may provide information identifying the one or more terms.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product for responding to an indirect utterance in a dialog between a user and a conversational system is described. An indirect utterance is received. A parse structure of the indirect utterance is generated. The indirect utterance is an utterance which does not match a user goal expressed as elements of a knowledge graph. The parse structure is connected through the knowledge graph to a user goal to issue a request which is not stated in the indirect utterance. A system response is performed, where the system response is a dialog system response based on a combination of the parse structure and the connected user goal.

Abstract: A computing system can receive a request to apply semantic token tagging on a specified domain, and can retrieve a set of data associated with the specified domain from a data storage facility. Canonical sequences can be formed from strings included in the data set. Each canonical sequence can be permutated to form sequence variations and each sequence variation can be verified against a generalized domain. Semantic token tagging can be applied to the specified domain using a subset of the sequence variations that are successfully verified as training data.

Abstract: Method(s) and apparatus(es) relating generally to an electronic device having a display and a touch-sensitive input device are disclosed. In such a method, a first keypad is displayed on the display. Obtained is sensed information from the touch-sensitive input device responsive to user input in association with the first keypad. The user input is determined to be for a second keypad different from the first keypad. A corresponding input to the user input is determined using the sensed information in association with the second keypad. The corresponding input is displayed on the display.

Abstract: A method of translating a Computer Aided Design CAD model of a product constructed for Computer Aided Engineering CAE analysis into a flexible form, the method comprising: converting the original CAD model into a different format to provide a new-format CAD model; providing visualization data including: an assembly tree extracted from the original CAD model, the assembly tree including each component of the assembly forming the product; and visualization information from the original CAD model for each assembly face in the assembly tree; and providing geometry information including matching information unambiguously identifying each assembly face; wherein the geometry information allows the assembly faces to be matched with the CAD faces in the new-format CAD model.

Abstract: A processor-implemented method, system, and/or computer program product generate an intelligent persona agent for use in designing a product. One or more processors input a persona specification into an intelligent persona agent generator. The persona specification describes attributes of a set of model users of a particular type of product, and the intelligent personal agent generator creates an intelligent persona agent that is a software-based version of the set of model users. The intelligent persona agent monitors intermediate design choices taken during a design of a product of the particular type of product by a design team. In response to the intelligent persona agent identifying an intermediate design choice that will lead to a feature that is in conflict with the persona specification of the intelligent persona agent, designers modify the intermediate design choice, which modifies the design of the product in order to create an improved product design.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method and system creates a multi-element feature in a three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) model. A first element and a second element are selected to include in the multi-element feature. A single sketch is created comprised of sketch entities, a subset of which defines the first element and another subset of which defines the second element. A connection entity is included in the single sketch. The connection entity joins the first and the second elements. A modeling operation applied to the single sketch creates the multi-element feature.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to information processing apparatus and information processing method. The information processing apparatus includes one or more processors configured for: acquiring a material characteristic of at least one portion of a target entity; matching the material characteristic of the target entity with a predetermined material characteristic, where the predetermined material characteristic is correlated with at least one portion of a three-dimensional model; and generating, based on a result of the matching, information indicative of a correlation between the portion of the target entity and the portion of the three-dimensional model.

Abstract: An anatomical implant application, such as a bone implant application for instance, can receive an anatomical image that is representative of an anatomical structure. The anatomical implant application can generate an implant image that is associated with the anatomical structure. The generated implant image can define an inner surface that faces the anatomical image. A plurality of distances can be determined from respective locations of the inner surface of the implant image to the anatomical image in respective straight lines. The distances may represent a superimposition of the implant image over the anatomical image. The distances may be compared to a tolerance. The inner surface may be repositioned so as to change at least the select one of the distances. An implant, such as a bone implant for instance, may be fabricated in accordance with data that is associated with the implant image.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating 3D geographical models includes a processor and memory storing executable computer program code causing the apparatus to at least perform operations including removing 3D points of a cloud depicting vertical structures in a geographic area responsive to analyzing a set of 3D points of the cloud. The points include data indicating geocoordinates of the geographic area. The computer program code further causes the apparatus to segment rooftops of vertical structures responsive to analyzing the set. The computer program code further causes the apparatus to delineate points of segmented rooftops responsive to extracting a boundary and a portion of rooftops. The computer program code further causes the apparatus to generate 3D geographic models depicting the geographic area based on connecting delineating points to a base including a height lower than heights of delineating points. Corresponding methods and computer program products are also provided.

Abstract: Fluid property modeling that employs a model that characterizes asphaltene concentration gradients is integrated into a reservoir modeling and simulation framework to allow for reservoir compartmentalization (the presence or absence of flow barrier in the reservoir) to be assessed more quickly and easily. Additionally, automated integration of the fluid property modeling into the reservoir modeling and simulation framework allows the compositional gradients produced by the fluid property modeler (particularly asphaltene concentration gradients) to be combined with other data, such as geologic data and other petrophysical data, which allows for more accurate assessment of reservoir compartmentalization.

Abstract: A method includes accessing, via a processor, a first user selection relating to a location of a pipe segment of a piping model. The pipe segment includes data in a first format. The method includes accessing, via the processor, a second user selection relating to a point type based on a number of branches at the location of the pipe segment. The method includes determining, via the processor, a point associated with a route of the pipe segment. The point is based on the location and the point type. The route includes the point and at least one additional point. The method includes generating, via the processor, a representation of the route to be stored in a second format. The second format is associated with piping analysis.

Abstract: The present invention is a computer modeling system for creating a comprehensive environmental impact model. The system performs a series of novel functions to reflect the impact of multiple emissions on all species of interest within an environment at designated concentration levels. The system can be further utilized as a repository to update environmental data received from scientific researchers and to update existing models accordingly. The system integrates new data and updates calculations to create increasingly complex, comprehensive and reliable predictive models for users, which include US and foreign entities charged with developing emissions standards.

Abstract: The present invention provides particle etching or depositing evolutionary simulation method and device. The method comprises: step 1. obtaining an initial profile; step 2. sampling a series of areas for the profile, and performing an evolution process on each of the series of area by using a micro etching or depositing method; step 3. obtaining macro profile evolution parameters based on a micro evolutionary computation result; step 4. performing macro profile evolutionary computation, comprising: performing profile evolutionary computation by using a macro profile evolution method based on the macro evolution parameters; and step 5, judging whether a termination condition is met, if yes, terminating evolution, and if not, repeating the steps 2-4.

Abstract: A method of partitioning a model to facilitate printing of the model on a 3D printer includes identifying partition sensitive locations on the model and creating a binary tree with a root note representative of the model. An iterative partitioning process is applied to divide the model into objects by selecting a node of the binary tree without any children nodes, identifying a portion of the model corresponding to the node, and determining candidate cutting planes on the portion of the model based on the partition sensitive locations. During the process, analytic hierarchical processing (AHP) is applied to select an optimal cutting plane from the candidate cutting planes based on partitioning criteria. The optimal cutting plane is used to segment the portion of the model into sub-portions, and two children nodes representative of these sub-portions are created on the node of the binary tree.

Abstract: A simulation device capable of easily constructing the layout of a three-dimensional model of a robot system in a virtual space. The simulation device includes a model arranging section that arranges a component model in a virtual space, the component model being a three-dimensional model of a component of the robot system; a reference setting section that sets a reference point, a reference axis, or a reference plane in the virtual space; a symmetric model generation section that generates a symmetric component model of the component model arranged in the virtual space, the symmetric component model being a three-dimensional model symmetric with respect to the reference point, the reference axis, or the reference plane; and a simulation section that executes a simulation to simulatively operate the component model and the symmetric component model in the virtual space.

Abstract: Computer-implemented systems and methods for modeling behavior of at least one fluid in a reservoir are disclosed. The techniques can include obtaining measurements of physical parameters, including pressure, at locations within the reservoir, and discretizing, based on a three-dimensional fine grid, a system of partial differential mass balance equations that model, based on the measurements, at least the physical parameters at the locations within the reservoir, such that a system of nonlinear equations is produced. The techniques can include iterating from a current time step to a next time step, such that a solution to the system of nonlinear equations for a time interval that includes the current time step and the next time step is produced. The iterating can include an adaptive multi-fidelity multiscale technique that employs multiple restriction operators, prolongation operators, and coarse grids, to model various computationally challenging reservoir features, behaviors, or both.

Abstract: A graph-based analysis (GBA) output is obtained comprising timing information pertaining to a plurality of paths in an integrated circuit. A path-based analysis (PBA) is performed on the GBA output to analyze timing of the plurality of paths and generate a set of improved timing results; wherein the physical measurements used by the PBA are more accurate than the physical measurements used by the GBA. The PBA result is output to an optimizer to automatically adjust the circuit.

Abstract: A system for evaluating CAD models automatically and transmitting the results of a series of algorithm-based checks. An evaluation model is read in by the system and its parameters are evaluated for self-consistency and conformance to a set of diagnostic rules. Results are returned or displayed interactively upon viewing, transmitting, or inspecting a CAD component model, or placement of a CAD component model in an EDA software tool. The evaluation produces a result, which comprises the pass/fail results of the individual checks, and an indication of quality level. The system may additionally receive from an administrator a plurality of rules, suppressions or quality levels. The set of diagnostic rules comprises the plurality of EDA rules that are not associated with one of the plurality of suppressions.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosed technology relate to techniques of voltage propagation-based reliability verification. Voltage values are propagated across components of a circuit design through global iterations until voltage values on nets of the circuit design are not changed from one global iteration to a next global iteration or one preset condition is met. At least one of the global iterations comprises local iterations for a subcircuit of the circuit design. The local iterations suspend when voltage values on nets of the subcircuit are not changed from one local iteration to a next local iteration or one preset condition is met. The propagated voltage values are then analyzed to detect problems in the circuit design.

Abstract: Methods for designing a processor based on executing a randomly created and randomly executed executable on a fabricated processor. By implementing randomization at multiple levels in the testing of the processor, coupled with highly specific test generation constraint rules, highly focused tests on a micro-architectural feature are implemented while at the same time applying a high degree of random permutation in the way it stresses that specific feature. This allows for the detection and diagnosis of errors and bugs in the processor that elude traditional testing methods. Once the errors and bugs are detected and diagnosed, the processor can then be redesigned to no longer produce the anomalies. By eliminating the errors and bugs in the processor, a processor with improved computational efficiency and reliability can be fabricated.

Abstract: A method for configuring the features of an integrated circuit. In the method, the integrated circuit receives a feature vector message from a first party. The feature vector message is included in a response to a feature set request from the first party to a second party. The integrated circuit configures at least one feature of the integrated circuit based on a feature vector in the feature vector message. The integrated circuit generates an attestation result based on the at least one configured feature of the integrated circuit and using a key securely stored in the integrated circuit and known to the second party and not known to the first party. The integrated circuit forwards the attestation result to the first party.

Abstract: A database is constructed based on a batch PBA performed on a plurality of paths of an integrated circuit. A local PBA is performed on a portion of a selected path. A selected optimization move is identified on the portion of the selected path, based on a result of the local PBA that best meets a set of constraints. A path-wide PBA is performed for an updated path that is based on the selected path incorporating the selected optimization move. The selected optimization move is committed in a netlist associated with the integrated circuit.

Abstract: Generating a layout of an integrated circuit chip area from a description of an integrated circuit (IC). The description includes a register-transfer-level (RTL) design. The RTL design is partitioned in large blocks for synthesis of large block synthesis (LBS) blocks. The description of the IC further includes a floorplan for the IC, wherein each LBS block to be synthesized is assigned to a respective rectilinear shape in the floorplan and the rectilinear shapes do not overlap each other.

Abstract: Range information is determined for each variable of a circuit design. The range information is propagated from inputs to outputs of nodes of a DFG representation of the circuit design. For each multiplexer of the circuit design represented as a multiplexer node in the DFG, whether range information associated with a selector input of the multiplexer node restricts selection of data inputs of the multiplexer node to only one selected data input of the multiplexer node is determined. In response to determining that range information associated with the selector input restricts selection of data inputs to only one data input, the DFG is modified by connecting the selected data input to each load of the multiplexer node, and removing the multiplexer node, a corresponding select logic node of the multiplexer node, and nodes connected to unselected data inputs of the multiplexer node.

Abstract: A method including creating a plurality of component groups in a circuit layout coupling multiple components in each component group of the plurality of component groups with a power rail, a ground rail, or a bulk, is provided. The method includes creating internal clusters based on a group cost and including the group cost in an overall cost function, forming a gap between two component groups of the plurality of component groups, and filling the gap with a first gap cell adjacent to a first power rail and to a first ground rail, and a second gap cell adjacent to the first gap cell. A system and a non-transitory, machine readable medium storing instructions to perform the above method are also provided.

Abstract: A computer implemented method, a system and a computer readable storage medium configured to conduct the following: determining a reliability parameter of an initial hybrid metallization to determine a determined reliability parameter, comparing the determined reliability parameter to a reliability limit and determining a reliability ratio, determining a performance parameter of the initial hybrid metallization to determine a determined performance parameter, comparing the determined performance parameter to a performance limit and determining a performance ratio, determining a reliability indice from the reliability ratio, determining a performance indice from the performance ratio, determining a reliability score from a combination of the determined reliability parameter and the reliability indice, determining a performance score from a combination of the determined performance parameter and the performance indice, comparing the reliability score to the performance score, selecting a first interconnect and

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of extracting parasitics associated with a circuit design layout generated by modifying a previous iteration of the layout, includes, in part, identifying a first multitude of nets that have been changed in the circuit design layout relative to the previous iteration of the circuit design layout. The method further includes, in part, calculating a first multitude of parasitic capacitance values between each of the first multitude of first nets and each of a second multitude of nets disposed in proximity of the first multitude of nets. The method further includes, in part, identifying each net in the second multitude of nets as an aggressor net if a number defined by the net's associated parasitic capacitance value is higher than a threshold value. The method further includes excluding nets in the second multitude of second nets that are not identified as aggressor nets from the parasitic extraction.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting printed circuit board (“PCB”) design violations includes an analysis module that analyzes a position of a trace on a PCB design to determine conductivity of a design material over which the trace is being added and/or an electrical property of the trace at the position. The apparatus further includes an identification module that identifies, in real time, a void violation on the PCB design in response to the design material including a non-conductive material and/or a reference voltage violation on the PCB design in response to the position including a voltage and a notification module that notifies a user of the void violation and/or the reference voltage violation. At least a portion of said modules include hardware circuits, a programmable hardware device, and/or executable code stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media.

Abstract: Techniques that facilitate time-driven placement and/or cloning of components for an integrated circuit are provided. In one example, a system includes an analysis component, a geometric area component and a placement component. The analysis component computes timing information and distance information between a set of transistor components of an integrated circuit. The geometric area component determines at least a first geometric area of the integrated circuit and a second geometric area of the integrated circuit based on the timing information and the distance information. The placement component determines a location for a latch component on the integrated circuit based on an intersection between the first geometric area and the second geometric area.

Abstract: A method includes operation below. At least one portion of layout patterns coupled between a first terminal and a second terminal of a circuit is extracted from a layout design for the circuit. The at least one portion is compared with at least one coding portion, in which the at least one coding portion specifies layout constraints for either the first terminal or the second terminal of the circuit. When the at least one portion meets the at least one coding portion, fabrication of the circuit is initiated according to the layout design.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for designing a three-dimensional modeled object. The method comprises providing a modeling graph having nodes that represent geometrical objects and arcs that each represent a relationship linking the two geometrical objects represented by the incident nodes of the arc, wherein procedural relationships are represented by unidirectional arcs having the same orientation as the procedural relationships, and wherein the relationships linking the geometrical objects further include live relationships that are represented by bidirectional arcs. The method also comprises upon a modification of the data defining the 3D modeled object, determining a strong graph, wherein the strong graph is the graph of strong components of the modeling graph, and updating the 3D modeled object according to a traversal of the strong graph.

Abstract: Telemedicine systems and methods are described. In a telemedicine system operable to communicate with a remote operations center, communications can be transmitted/received using a transceiver having an antenna. The antenna can include first and second di-pole antenna elements, the first di-pole antenna element being vertically polarized and the second di-pole antenna element being horizontally polarized. A controller of the system can establish, using the transceiver, a telemedicine session with the operations center using a Transport Morphing Protocol (TMP), the TMP being an acknowledgement-based user datagram protocol. The controller can also mask one or more transient network degradations to increase resiliency of the telemedicine session.

Abstract: A computer system, computer program product and method for determining a probability of attaining a PK-PD target associated with efficacy for a patient that includes a processor obtaining information identifying an infection and based on the information, generating and displaying, by the processor, a list comprising one or more pathogens consistent with the information, the processor then obtaining a first indication designating at least one pathogen from the list comprising one or more pathogens and based on at the obtaining of the least one pathogen, generating a list comprising one or more drug therapies utilized to treat the at least one pathogen.

Abstract: A method of authorising use of a computer program only able to be used when an authorised message is received from an authorising system includes providing an authorisation system, making a request to use a computer program, signalling the request to the authorisation system, the authorisation system recording the use of the computer program and providing the authorisation message to the computer program upon receipt of the authorisation message the computer program may be used.

Abstract: Method for processing data, in which a Petri net is encoded, written into a memory and read and executed by at least one instance, wherein transitions of the Petri net read from at least one tape and/or write on at least one tape symbols or symbol strings, with the aid of at least one head. [FIG. 1]. In an alternative, data-processing, co-operating nets are composed, the composition result is encoded, written into a memory and read and executed from the memory by at least one instance. In doing this, components can have cryptological functions. The data-processing nets can receive and process second data from a cryptological function which is executed in a protected manner. The invention enables processing of data which prevents semantic analysis of laid-open, possibly few processing steps and which can produce a linkage of the processing steps with a hardware which is difficult to isolate.

Abstract: Systems and method for watermarking portions of code for the purposes of identification are described. A computer-implemented method of watermarking a portion of code with identification data includes: determining, by a computing device, a number of existing whitespace characters in the portion of code; encoding, by the computing device, the identification data using a set of reference whitespace characters; and embedding, by the computing device, the encoded identification data into the portion of code, wherein the embedding the encoded identification data includes, based on the determined number of existing whitespace characters, either replacing existing whitespace characters in the portion of code with the encoded identification data or inserting the encoded identification data characters into the portion of code.