Abstract: A connectable pod or container useful for interconnecting with other similar containers in a horizontal interlocked configuration. The container has a bottom wall having a top surface and a bottom surface, and a vertical region having a plurality of side walls attached to the bottom wall to form a volume space. The plurality of side walls each has an outside surface, an inside surface, and a tongue extending substantially perpendicular from the outside surface of at least one of the plurality of side walls. The container also has a groove for receiving the tongue of a similar adjoining container in dovetail fashion. The groove is sized and shaped complementary to fit the tongue within the groove.

Abstract: A container lid is provided herein having structurally reinforcing ribs therein. The ribs increase the strength of the lid across a central region thereof. Specifically, the lid can have an outer perimeter and the ribs can be spaced inwardly from the outer perimeter. The inwardly spaced ribs can provide a distinct look for consumer differentiation. Additionally, the ribs can be arcuate so that they generally follow a curvature of the outer perimeter of the lid. As such, a label region within the lid central region is preserved, while the lid is still strengthened by the ribs.

Abstract: A crate, such as for transporting egg cartons or other items, includes a base, opposed side walls and a rear wall extending upward from the base. A front wall opposite the rear wall is selectably moveable between a closed position and a retracted, open position. In the retracted position, access to the interior of the crate is provided. In one embodiment, the front wall includes a plurality of pivotably connected sections, such that the front wall can be retracted to provide access to the interior.

Abstract: An improved method for molding a plastic container within a mold including an RFID tag to generate a container which leaves a mold having an RFID tag bonded between the container and a label. This method provides for an improved integrally, extrusion blow molded container, label and RFID tag combination.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lidded magazine (100) for holding plural generally flat sample collection cards (10) in spaced parallel relation, the magazine is open at its top and includes upstanding opposed side walls (110,120), each wall (110,120) further including plural opposed pairs of inwardly extending wall ribs (112,122) spaced along each wall (110,120) to provide therebetween card accepting slots, a first slot dimension (W) being defined by the spacing between an interior face (154) of each wall, the magazine being characterised in that the walls (110,120) at the top (152) of each slot (150) are tapered outwardly such that the first dimension (W) is greatest at the top of the slot (150).

Abstract: A storage system, comprising a body having a cavity therein configured to house one or more items, and an opening defined by the body and a panel configured to mate with the opening and prevent access to the cavity when the panel is in position; the system have a first level of security securing items stored in the cavity; a second level of security securing the body from a structure from which it is hung, and an third level of security disguising the storage system as a hanging piece of clothing.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a housing, first handles, second handles and zippers. The housing may be (i) made of a flexible material and (ii) have compartments. The first handles may be (i) attached to an end of the housing and (ii) configured to hang the housing in an upright orientation. The second handles may be attached to another end of the housing. The housing is generally configured to bend such that the first handles are aligned with the second handles to facilitate carrying of the housing. The zippers may be configured to provide an opening into a corresponding compartment suitable to pass recyclable beverage containers. Each compartment may have (i) a zipper proximate a top end of the compartment to insert the recyclable beverage containers and (ii) another zipper proximate a bottom end of the compartment to remove the recyclable beverage containers.

Abstract: A child resistant slider includes a top member and a pair of spaced legs depending from the top member. At least a first leg of the spaced legs has a first tang projecting laterally away from a remaining portion of the first leg and a remaining portion of the slider. The first tang has a separator plow. The tang can be movable to move the first plow into a position to separate interlocked male and female tracks of a zipper closure. In other examples, both legs include a projecting tang having a separator plow.

Abstract: A sealing device for a cylindrical container with a collar featuring a variety of different types of inwardly projecting flanges configured to engage with an internally threaded lid. The collar fits over the top and/or the bottom of the container allowing the inward flange to contact the underside of the container's upper rim thereby preventing the collar from being pulled back over the top of the container. Preferred embodiments include an inward flange that can be segmented by slits forming tabs or teeth inside the collar. These tabs can be deformed and pushed aside when the collar is being put into place on the container and then spring back into place to prevent the collar from being removed. Preferred embodiments can include an expansion groove to allow the flange room to flex.

Abstract: A lid for a liquid material storage container solves problems of uplift and breakage of the lid, and ensures high efficiency in attachment and detachment operations. The lid includes an upper plate portion covering a flange and a large-diameter opening of a storage cylinder; a plug portion extending downward from a central region of the upper plate portion and plugging the large-diameter opening of the storage cylinder; a pair of first lateral portions coming into contact with lateral surfaces of a pair of short sides of the flange when the lid is closed; a pair of claw portions extending from the pair of first lateral portions toward the plug portion and coming into contact with lower surfaces of the pair of short sides of the flange when the lid is closed; and a push-up operating portion formed in at least one of the pair of first lateral portions.

Abstract: A container has a box and multiple magnetic units. The box has a body and a cap. The body has a body chamber defined in a top surface of the body and a lower peripheral wall formed around the body chamber. The cap is mounted detachably on the top surface of the body and has a cap chamber defined in a bottom surface of the cap facing the body and an upper peripheral wall formed around the cap chamber. The magnetic units are mounted in the box. Each magnetic unit has a lower magnetic element embedded in the lower peripheral wall of the body and an upper magnetic element embedded in the upper peripheral wall of the cap.

Abstract: An easy-opening end closure that may also be reclosed, suitable for joining to a container. A cover panel is bonded around its perimeter to an end panel with a rotatable lever interposed between them. To open the closure, a user applies force to the rotating lever to move it axially around an attachment point thereby engaging integrated mechanisms to progressively debond segments of the perimeter seal.

Abstract: The invention relates to lids for beverage containers and related methods, for example, a lid to fit within the screw on compression assembly found on standard canning jars to adapt the container to improve a user's ability to consume liquids directly from the vessel. Lids according to certain embodiments of the invention can be used with a wide range of containers like jars, so that the containers can be conveniently used to consume a beverage while avoiding spilling and facilitating extended use and recycling of the containers.

Abstract: To provide a hinged cap is capable of preventing liquid content from squirting out and minimizing adhesion of the content on the top face of the cap or around an outer circumferential abutment part, with a simple structure. A hinged cap (100) includes a cap body (110) and an upper lid (130) connected by a hinge (150), with a tubular spout wall (112) provided on an upper surface side of the cap body (110), and a circular suspended part (132) provided on an upper lid top face (131). The circular suspended part (132) has an outer circumferential abutment part (133) that makes contact with an inner circumferential surface of the tubular spout wall (112). The hinged cap includes a liquid build-up prevention part (134) at least in a lower part of the circular suspended part (132) opposite to a part connected to the hinge.

Abstract: A portable beverage container is provided. The portable beverage container may include a glass vessel having a neck; a metal outer shell configured to surround a first portion of the glass vessel; a cap configured to engage with the metal outer shell to surround a second portion of the glass vessel; and an amorphous thermoplastic spout having a neck configured to be inserted through an opening in the cap and into the neck of the glass vessel. The spout may be configured to securely engage with the cap. The cap may include a lid with an elastomeric sealing member having a knob configured to extend into a recess in the spout and a recess configured to wrap around and over a lip of the spout. The spout may be removable from the cap while the cap is engaged with the outer shell.

Abstract: A spout fitment and cap assembly for a dispensing container is provided. The spout fitment and cap assembly includes a fitment and a cap. The fitment includes a generally tubular shape surrounding a central axial passage and multiple horizontal sealing ribs configured to secure the fitment to the dispensing container. The cap includes a generally tubular shape with an annular wall extending circumferentially about an exterior surface of the tubular shape, a central plug portion, and multiple flow openings surrounding the central plug portion. The cap is slidably coupled to the fitment and is configured to be actuated between a first position and a second position through an application of force to the annular wall.

Abstract: A snack container includes a housing having a storage chamber and a retrieval chamber, the retrieval chamber connected to a retrieval chamber opening positioned lower than portions of the storage chamber, and a protrusion connected to the housing and partially separating the storage chamber and the retrieval chamber.

Abstract: A beverage container closure or lid that is adapted for closing an open end of a beverage container. The lid is selectively couplable to the beverage container and includes a selectively openable stopper that when closed, creates a fluid-tight seal between the beverage container and the environment. The stopper may be selectively opened by a user by the user pressing a button disposed on a side of the beverage container closure. The stopper is subsequently automatically closed when the user releases the button. Thus, a user may open and close the beverage container closure using a single hand without the need to remove the beverage container closure from the beverage container.

Abstract: The child-resistant container includes a receptacle having an inner cavity, a lid that selectively couples with the receptacle to enclose the inner cavity when in a locked position, and a lock movable between the locked position securing the lid to the receptacle to substantially prevent access to the inner cavity and an unlocked position permitting the lid to move relative to the receptacle to expose access to the inner cavity. The receptacle and lid combination may include a lid that pivots relative to a container about a hinge and locks thereto by locking catches in the container sidewalls; or may include an outer housing enclosing an inner storage container in slide-in relation, wherein a pair of safety tabs extend from the inner storage container and through the outer housing into a respective pair of locking channels formed therein.

Abstract: A tamper-resistant container defining an opening extending into a canister chamber; a lid sized and configured to engage the canister rim for closure of the opening; a locking pin having a locked position with the locking pin being engaged with the canister for mitigating disengagement of the lid from the canister rim; and a locking actuator attached to the lid, sized and configured to move the locking pin from the unlocked position

Abstract: A cup lid contains: a body and a covering layer. The body is covered a mouth of a cup and includes a raised portion, a cap connected with the raised portion, and a connection neck formed between the raised portion and the cap. The raised portion and the cap are one-piece formed, and the connection neck is torn off by exerting a pulling force to the cap so as to separate the cap from the raised portion and to expose an opening outside the raised portion. The covering layer is adhered on an outer wall of the cap and is covered on the raised portion and the cap. The connection neck is torn off after exerting the pulling force to the cap so as to separate the cap from the covering layer and the raised portion, thus exposing the opening outside the raised portion.

Abstract: A container identification system for a container with a neck. There is a ring, wherein each ring encircles the neck. There are a series of identifying indicia on at least one of a ring and the neck. The ring is rotatable about the neck, to align a particular portion of the ring with an identifying indicium of the series of identifying indicia. Alternatively, each container can be uniquely marked in another manner, such as by applying a unique sticker to each container.

Abstract: A tie-wrap assembly having a locking head, an elongated strap body spaced apart from the locking head, and a coupling member, wherein the coupling member is connected to and disposed between the locking head and the elongated strap body, and wherein the coupling member is fabricated from an elastomeric material.

Abstract: Methods of covering an animal feed product involve depositing in an open end of a container an animal feed. Placing a cover on an exposed surface of the feed at the open end of the container, where the cover includes a flowable coating arranged on one side of a flexible film and a rigid or semi-rigid layer bound to an opposite side of the film. The exposed surface of the feed comprises irregular surface structures due to feed components positioned at the exposed surface. A central portion of the flexible film of the placed cover conforms to the irregular surface structures at the exposed surface of the feed upon the flowable coating reaching a temperature of at least about 125° F.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a new low density foam-formed cellulose material comprising dialcohol-modified celllulose, and to bulk sheets, layers, laminates or moulded articles comprising such material. Furthermore, the invention relates to a laminated packaging material comprising a layer or sheet comprising the low density cellulose material as well as to packaging containers comprising the laminated packaging material. In particular, the invention relates to packaging containers intended for liquid or semi-liquid food packaging, comprising the laminated packaging material.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to a carton (90) for packaging one or more articles (B) and a blank (10) for forming the carton. The carton may have at least one display window (W, DW1, DW2) for presentation of an article therein. The carton comprises a plurality of panels forming walls of a tubular structure including a top wall (16), a first side wall, a base wall, and a second side wall. The carton comprises an end closure structure for partially closing an end of the carton (90). The end closure structure comprises a top end closure flap (30a) hingedly connected to the top wall. At least one side end closure flap is hinged to a corner panel by a first fold line. The corner panel is hinged to one of the first and second side walls by a second fold line.

Abstract: There is provided a container that makes it possible to suppress intrusion of bacteria from the tip of a pleat part into the inside of the container. The container includes: a main body that includes a body part defining a containing portion and a flange part extending outward from an upper portion of the body part; and a lid that is joined to the flange part of the main body via an outer edge seal portion so as to cover the containing portion, the lid being formed by a lid member folded back at a fold-back portion such that portions of the lid member overlap each other. The lid has: a pleat part that includes the portions of the lid member overlapping each other and that extends from an edge of one side to an edge of the other side of the lid in a first direction; and a first lid part and a second lid part that are formed by the lid member and that are arranged on opposite sides of the pleat part.

Abstract: A reclosable package, and a machine and method for making that reclosable package that includes a tray for receiving a product and a substantially horizontal edge, wherein the horizontal edge extends circumferentially on an upper side of the tray and has a clamping portion releasably connected thereto. The package includes a top film across the tray, the edge and the clamping portion, and which may be releasably connected to the edge by a first sealed seam to seal the tray in a gas-tight manner. The top film may be connected to the clamping portion by a second sealed seam. A side face of the tray may include an undercut provided with a projection, the projection being suitable for locking the clamping portion in position when the clamping portion has been detached from the edge and is located between the projection of the undercut and the side face of the tray.

Abstract: The technology disclosed herein includes a packaging apparatus including an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve, and at least one locking mechanism configured to lock the inner sleeve inside the outer sleeve. In some implementations, the locking mechanism is an interior sliding mechanism, which locks the inner sleeve in its entirety in the outer sleeve. In some implementations, the locking mechanism is an interior sliding mechanism, which permits the inner sleeve to move partially out of the outer sleeve. In some implementations, the locking mechanism includes a spring, a tab, a flap, a key, a magnet lock, or other locking component. In some implementations, the inner sleeve includes a pull tab for removal of the inner sleeve from inside the outer sleeve.

Abstract: A steam-releasing pouch includes two laminated sheets forming an accommodation compartment that accommodates a content, a sealing portion that seals the two sheets to form an opening that opens part of the accommodation compartment, and a steam-releasing sealing portion formed in the sealing portion to open as pressure of the accommodation compartment increases in a state in which the opening is sealed. The steam-releasing sealing portion includes a first sealant layer having at least a first base layer that faces the accommodation compartment and a second base layer laminated with the first base layer and a second sealant layer having at least a third base layer that faces the accommodation compartment and a fourth base layer laminated with the third base layer. The first base layer and the third base layer are joined together.

Abstract: Indicators for indicating the integrity of a seal of a sterilization container are provided. For example, a seal indicator may indicate whether the container is sufficiently sealed to prevent an ingress of contaminants into the container. If the container is sufficiently sealed, the seal indicator is in one state and displays a first indicium, and if the sterilization container is not sufficiently sealed, the seal indicator is in another state and displays a second indicium. Thus, the seal indicator undergoes a visible change in state when the sterilization container transitions from unsealed to sealed, such that the user may be assured that the container is properly sealed to maintain sterility of the articles post-sterilization. Further, the seal indicator undergoes a visible change in state if the seal is subsequently broken, to signal to the user that the seal and the sterility of the container interior has been compromised.

Abstract: A protective product, such as, e.g., an envelope or pouch, is provided that includes at least one expanded slit paper sheet in an expanded state, and an embossed paper sheet facing the expanded slit paper sheet and fixed to the expanded slit paper sheet along at least a portion of a length in an expansion direction of the expanded slit sheet paper. In the preferred embodiments, the embossed paper sheet has a plurality of embossings that increase the rigidity of the embossed paper sheet, thereby inhibiting deformation of the embossed paper sheet that is fixed to the expanded slit sheet paper.

Abstract: A packaging apparatus with an improved pinch roller apparatus, fluid supply apparatus, and/or a sealing apparatus. The pinch roller apparatus (e.g., comprising one or more guide and/or pinch rollers) is used to deliver film material to the fluid supply apparatus (e.g., nozzle and blower apparatus, or the like) that fills one or more chambers of the film material with fluid (e.g., air, gas, or other like fluid), and the film material is then sealed by a sealing apparatus (e.g., using one or more heating elements with an improved temperature sensor configuration) that seals the fluid within the one or more chambers in order to form the inflated article (e.g., inflated packaging material). In particular, the sealing apparatus provides improved sealing through the improved accuracy of the temperature reading in the heating zone, in part, by locating a sensor between a heating element and a protective member that covers the sensor.

Abstract: An inflatable packaging box to protect an item during storage and shipment, including a plurality of sidewalls, and a chamber formed within the plurality of sidewalls adapted to receive the item. An opening through at least one of the plurality of sidewalls is included, through which the chamber is accessible. A plurality of films are each secured to one of the plurality of sidewalls. Each of the plurality of films forming one of a series of elongated sections which form the chamber in the space between the series of elongated sections. Each of the series of elongated sections are inflatable to conform to the item's shape.

Abstract: The present disclosure, in one embodiment, relates to an injection molded container for holding a product, wherein the container is configured to house a humidity control product that may regulate the relative humidity of the inner body of the container such that the product housed therein may be kept at an optimal humidity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vacuum-sealed container comprising: a container body (10); a container cover (20) having hinge portions (22); a handle (30) comprising a pair of rotating cylinders (31) having first ends rotatably coupled to respective hinge portions (22) of the container cover (20) and having channels (34, 35) to communicate with the container body (10), a pair of elevating bars (36) coupled to second ends of respective rotating cylinders (31) to be able to move upward/downward, and a connecting bar (37) for connecting the elevating bars (36), a ventilation channel (38) formed in at least one rotating cylinder (31) or in the elevating bar (36); a first check valve (40) that opens/closes first ends of the channels (34, 35) of the handle (30) as the elevating bars (36) of the handle (30) move upward/downward; and a second check valve (50) that opens/closes the ventilation channel (38).

Abstract: A food container for wicking moisture from a food product stored in the container including a food receptacle having an interior volume and an opening for permitting a food product to be placed in and removed from the receptacle, a lid adapted for being positioned onto and sealing the opening, a desiccant reservoir positioned on an underside of the lid for being exposed to the interior volume of the receptacle and adapted for containing a desiccant material, and a plurality of apertures in the reservoir for allowing air flow communication between the interior of the receptacle and the reservoir whereby moisture given off by the food product contained in the receptacle is absorbed by the desiccant material to aid in maintaining freshness of the food.

Abstract: Some examples of the present disclosure include a beverage case for carrying multiple beverage containers. The beverage case can include multiple walls. At least one of the walls can have a detachable insulation device that is configured to be removed from the beverage case and attached to a beverage container.

Abstract: An absorbent insulated beverage sleeve that is able to provide a moisture absorptive and thermal insulation to a variety of different types of beverage containers. The configuration of the absorbent insulated beverage sleeve allows many types of beverage containers to be readily inserted into the absorbent insulated beverage sleeve. More specifically, absorbent insulated beverage sleeve is comprised of two layers of material. The outer layer is an absorbent material and may have a woven textured to aid in grasping the container. The inner layer fabric absorbs the condensation forming on the beverage container and wicks the moisture away from the surface of the beverage container and the lid. The outer layer and inner layer includes a top elastic strip, a bottom elastic strip and lateral edge elastic strip. The outer layer and inner layer may be bonded together by an overlapping seam construction as known in the sewing arts.

Abstract: A container assembly comprising a container with a container neck, a syringe, and a closure with a cap portion having an end wall, wherein the syringe plunger of the syringe is connected to the end wall. The syringe is enclosed by the container body and the cap portion when the cap portion is aligned in a closed position on the container. The syringe is removable from the container when the cap portion is in the open position.

Abstract: A child-resistant dispenser includes a housing having a first moveable member disposed on a first side of the housing; and a slider disposed in the housing and configured to slide from a closed position to a dispensing position, the slider comprising a first engagement portion that engages a first stop on the housing, wherein the engagement between the first engagement portion and the first stop restricts movement of the slider to the dispensing position and the first moveable member is configured to disengage the first engagement portion from the first stop in response to a first release force applied to the first moveable member.

Abstract: An aerosol container suitable for use as an aerosol dispenser. The aerosol container includes at least a valve and product delivery device joined to an outer container. The valve and product delivery device have respective annular welds or other seals joining the valve and product delivery to the outer container. The welds, or other seals may be concentric, with one circumscribing the other, in the same plane or different planes. Suitable product delivery devices include bags and dip tubes.

Abstract: A spray dispensing device including a first chamber defined by a container, a bladder contained within the first chamber that houses a fluid composition (e.g., a bleach composition), and an actuator in fluid communication with the first chamber so as to allow dispensing of the fluid composition from the bladder when the actuator is actuated (e.g., pressed). A pressurized composition may be contained within a second chamber, which acts as a pressure control device. The pressure of the pressurized composition may be in a range of from about 7 0 psi to about 150 psi. An outlet valve may provide selective fluid communication between the pressure control device (i.e., the second chamber) and the first chamber.

Abstract: A device for dispensing a hydrofluoroolefin vapocoolant composition as an aerosol is disclosed. The device comprises an aerosol-dispensing container comprising an internal chamber, a valve, a dispensing hole, and an actuator. The device also comprises a hydrofluoroolefin vapocoolant composition comprising HCFO-1233zd at 70% to 100% (weight/weight) and, optionally, HFO-1234ze in at 0% to 30% (weight/weight). The hydrofluoroolefin vapocoolant composition is stored within the internal chamber. The aerosol-dispensing container is configured so that depressing the actuator reversibly opens the valve to allow the hydrofluoroolefin vapocoolant composition to flow from the internal chamber, past the valve, and through the dispensing hole, thereby dispensing the hydrofluoroolefin vapocoolant composition from the aerosol-dispensing container. A method of treating pain and/or swelling of a tissue of a patient by use of the device also is disclosed.

Abstract: A container comprises a housing that comprises a box and a lid that is hingedly attached to the box. The lid comprises a bottom edge. The box comprises a front wall and a rear wall. The container also comprises an inner package disposed at least partially within the housing and at least partially defining an interior volume for housing consumer goods. The inner package is configured to open and close when the lid of the housing is opened and closed. The inner package comprises an access opening and a sealing flap. The sealing flap comprises a tab that has a bottom edge. The bottom edge of the tab is positioned below the bottom edge of the lid when the lid is in a closed position.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a packaging arrangement for storage and transport of electrically adjustable beds of a modular bed system which can be dismantled into individual components, the bed system being configured to form one or more different bed types which are different in terms of width and/or length. The beds are beds of a family of beds, comprise at least an upper leg sector, a lower leg sector, a seat sector and a torso sector, and have a plurality of bed plates for carrying a mattress. The packaging arrangement is suitable for accomodating a quantity of components of a single bed of each bed type of the bed system and the quantity of the components comprises at least the plurality of bed plates, at least one cross member and at least two longitudinal members.

Abstract: A liftable carrying apparatus for loading a pocket wagon with vehicles by a lifting apparatus includes a first support means for at least one vehicle, that extends over a length, at least one second support means for at least one vehicle, that is arranged above the first support means and extends over a length, and receiving locations, in particular receiving pockets, for a lifting apparatus, that are arranged at the first and the at least one second support means. The length, over which the first support means extends and the length, over which the at least one second support means extends, differ from each other, and the first and the at least one second support means are or can be releasably connected together for joint lifting by a lifting apparatus.

Abstract: A package for a size-in-store window covering comprises a box having a first portion that extends for the width of the window covering and a second portion that extends for less than the width of the window covering. The window covering extends beyond an end of a bottom wall a first distance and the head rail extends beyond an end of a first side wall a second distance. A method of cutting a window covering comprises providing a window covering in a box as described above and positioning the box with the exposed portion of the window covering facing down and the exposed portion of the head rail facing a clamp. Methods of packaging a window covering comprise reducing the total number of loops in the window covering, and positioning inserts between adjacent components.

Abstract: A system for a greeting card. The greeting card has a planar greeting card portion and a greeting card cover moveably coupled to the planar greeting card portion. The greeting card cover can move from an open position whereby the planar greeting card portion is readable to a closed position adjacent to said planar greeting card portion whereby the planar greeting card portion is not readable. The greeting card portion is coupled to a gift storage compartment which has a volume and a depth for storing an item. The greeting card cover can open and close without moving the gift storage compartment.

Abstract: A cartridge (1) for controlled brewing of loose-leaf tea in a cup, comprising an infusion chamber (2) for containing loose tea leaves (3) and infusing a liquid with substances from the tea leaves to brew tea. A chamber wall (20) impervious to the liquid defines the infusion chamber. In the chamber wall is a passage (21) between the infusion chamber and an exterior (5) thereof. The passage has an open state in which the infusion chamber is in liquid communication with the exterior, to transport the substances from the infusion chamber into liquid in the exterior during brewing tea. In a close state the infusion chamber inside is closed off from liquid in the exterior to stop a concentration of the substances in the liquid in the exterior from increasing. A manual control manually controllable by a human-being allows to bring the passage from the open state into the closed state.