Abstract: A watering system is configured to supply water to insects without the insects drowning. The watering system has a base portion with a base lip which is attached to all distal edges of a pan. An overflow channel is arranged next to the pan and through the base lip. A flow path is arranged in the base portion and further has a lip with a fluid pathway. A retainer ring is installed into the flow path immediately adjacent to the lip. The retainer ring has a retainer ring fluid pathway. The fluid pathway is aligned with the retainer ring fluid pathway. The pan is attached to raised sections with channels therebetween. Fluid that is inserted through the retainer ring flows through the fills the fluid pathway and the retainer ring fluid pathway, before filling the channels, and then spilling out of the overflow channel.

Abstract: A fishing reel includes a drive shaft connected to a handle and supported by the reel body so as to be rotatable about a first axis, a drive gear on the drive shaft, a pinion gear rotating about a second axis with the rotation of the drive shaft and meshing with the drive gear, and a shaft bearing supporting the drive shaft so as to be rotatable about the first axis. The shaft bearing includes an inner race with an inner bearing surface contacting the drive shaft and an outer race having an outer bearing surface contacting the reel body. The inner bearing surface or the outer bearing surface includes an adjustment portion that causes the drive shaft to move in the first axial direction relative to the reel body, when the shaft bearing is moved relative to the drive shaft and the reel body.

Abstract: Provided is a fishing reel having a hidden lock lever for a palm-side first side cover. The fishing reel has a hidden lock lever for a palm-side first side cover in which an operating portion of the lock lever protrudes out of the first side cover when the first side cover is unlocked so that a user can immediately know that the first side cover is unlocked when holding the fishing reel, and the operating portion of the lock lever is hidden inside the first side cover so that a user can fish with the fishing reel in his/her hands without inconvenience.

Abstract: A rotor braking device includes a moving member, a brake, and a protrusion. The moving member is disposed on the rotor so as to be capable of assuming a first position corresponding to a line-winding position and a second position corresponding to a line-releasing position in cooperation with a bail arm. The brake includes a friction portion rotatable relative to the reel body and frictionally engages the reel body, and a plurality of engagement portions that engage the moving member when the moving member moves to the second position, and brakes the rotation of the rotor when the moving member engages the engagement portions. The protrusion is on either the reel body or the friction portion, and in contact with the other of the friction portion or the reel body, and causes the friction portion to partially frictionally engage the reel body.

Abstract: A fly-fishing reel comprised of a spool assembly, frame assembly, and drag knob assembly, wherein the drag knob assembly may be removed without the use of tools in order to access the drag components and is attached without the use of fasteners. Drag components are contained between the frame and drag knob assemblies and are accessed by removing the drag knob assembly via a channel locking system. Accessing the drag components allows the user to switch the direction of retrieve and allows a secondary means of altering the range and characteristics of the drag settings. The drag system is sealed via two points on each open end of the drag housing portion of the frame, allowing for minimal maintenance and increased reliability of the drag system.

Abstract: A mechanical planer board that is arranged for use on both the right and left sides of a towing boat and is further adapted to move from a boat side position to a boat rear position upon a fish strike. The planer board includes a body having a housing, a float, an internal assembly, and at least one line clip having a tow arm. The tow arm maintains the line clip in towing configuration until a fish strike pulls a trigger pin to release the tow arm thereby allowing it to swing and lock in a forward position. The board may further include an indicator device to alert the fisher of board location.

Abstract: A device to cut and store bait, the device having a base including a floor and a wall extending upward from a perimeter of the floor, a recess extending from an upper edge of the wall, a lid configured to fit in register with the upper edge of the wall so as to form an enclosure with the base when the device is closed, and a cutting member extending from the lid and configured to be positioned adjacent the recess when the device is closed so as to substantially block access to the enclosure through the recess, wherein the cutting member is configured so as to move through an area adjacent and axial to the recess when the lid is being closed.

Abstract: A tackle box for charging electroluminescent lures comprises a container having an interior volume; a cover mateable with the container; one or more racks for receiving and retaining lures, where each rack has a substantially planar shape, is positionable in tracks formed in the interior of the container, and has an array of recesses formed in an upper end to hold lures; a light-transmissive shelf positionable in the container above the one or more racks; and an array of light sources carried on the shelf and energizeable to illuminate electroluminescent lures retained on the one or more racks. The racks can be arrayed in parallel tracks formed in the interior side walls of the container. Each rack is preferably formed with a scallop pattern of recesses on its upper end to hold lures for charging.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device that facilitates the mounting of beads onto a fishing hook, such as a fly fishing hook. In one embodiment, the device may have a storage chamber and one or more of a loading access tip, a bead loading hole and/or a beading access tip. In some devices, the one or more of a loading access tip, a bead loading hole and/or a beading access tip may be combined. In an embodiment, the loading access tip, bead loading hole, or beading access tip allows the loading of the beads into the device. The bead loading hole and the beading access tip facilitates the beading of a fishing hook. The device(s) may further have one or more of slits or holes to facilitate the beading of the fishing hooks.

Abstract: A core for a horseshoe assembly, which is directly mounted beneath a surface of a horse hoof is disclosed. The horseshoe assembly includes a center piece, a solid single first side arm piece and a second solid single side arm piece, wherein the center piece is free from through slots or through holes for nailing to the bottom surface of the horse hoof, and the solid single first side arm piece and the solid single second side arm piece each comprises respective through slots or through holes for optional nailing of nails to the bottom surface of the horse hoof, and the solid single first side arm piece and the solid single second side arm piece are each pivotally coupled to the center piece through a first pivoting region with a first hinge and a second pivoting region with a second hinge.

Abstract: In a pest monitoring system (21) and method, a monitoring device (111) is located in proximity to a structure and includes a bait product (113) and a sensor (116) disposed within the bait product. The sensor includes a filament (118) encased within an encasement (119) and reactive to exposure to the environment exterior of the encasement such that at least one electrical characteristic of the sensor changes in response to such exposure. A communication member (121) is connected to the bait product in communication with the sensor to determine the at least one electrical characteristic and send a signal indicative of the at least one electrical characteristic. Based on a plurality of the signals received from of infestation of pests at the at least one monitoring device and a level of degradation of the bait product is determined.

Abstract: An apparatus for the spraying of an area of interest (S) of a high-pressure working fluid (V) wherein the apparatus is susceptible to move relatively to the ground (S) along a direction of reciprocal advancement (d) and it comprises at least one tank (2) for the working fluid (V), at least one outlet nozzle (41) and a fluid connecting line (4) extending from the tank (2) towards the outlet nozzle (41). The apparatus further comprises supply means (5) of the working fluid (V) that include a high-pressure pump and at least one spraying device (10) placed along the fluid connecting line (4) the former (5) upstream with respect to the latter (10). Furthermore, the spraying device (10) comprises a support structure (11) that comprises a first plate (12), motor means (35) acting upon the first plate (12) to promote the eccentric rotation thereof around a first axis (Z) and at least one manifold (42) placed on the first plate (12) to move integrally therewith.

Abstract: A sonic bird deterrent apparatus for preventing birds from damaging structures and trees includes a housing having a front side separated from a rear side, a right side separated from a left side, and a top side separated from a bottom side forming an inside. A pair of rails is coupled to the housing to slidingly engage a track of a mounting bracket that is attached to a house exterior or a tree. A motion sensor is coupled through the top side of the housing and has a 180° view. A speaker, a volume control, a high frequency sound chip, a CPU, and a battery are coupled to the housing to produce a high frequency sound when the motion sensor detects movement. A power switch coupled to the housing and is in operational communication with the battery.

Abstract: A one continuous resilient plastic moldable piece, intended to promote: a secure “Snap-on” connection to the outflow end of a corrugated plastic drain pipe, toward an unobstructed flow of effluent from, and toward a deterrence to rodent entry into same.

Abstract: A decoy sled having a folding wall system which is secured thereto so as to be selectively movable between a folded position within the decoy sled to an upright position. The folding wall system includes a front wall member, a first side wall member which extends rearwardly from one end of the front wall member, a second side wall member which extends rearwardly from the outer end of the front wall member and a rear wall member which extends between the rear ends of the first and second side wall member. A plurality of storage pockets, having open upper ends, are associated with the folding wall system.

Abstract: The use of Pyemotes zhonghuajia for preparing biological control agents of Diaphorina citri. The use of Pyemotes zhonghuajia for preparing agents for controlling Diaphorina citri. By employing Pyemotes zhonghuajia to control Diaphorina citri, it is a biological control method which can avoid the problems caused by chemical pesticides such as environmental pollution, health risk and increased pest resistance to the pesticides.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cryopreservation device that makes it possible to automatically extract an intended sample, and prevent the temperature of samples other than the intended sample from increasing. A cryopreservation device is provided, including: a cryopreservation vessel that internally accommodates a drawer configured to store vials side by side in a vertical direction in each box and has an opening communicating with a task space provided in an upper surface thereof; a drawer-raising/lowering device that raises and lowers the drawer in the vertical direction via the opening in a state where the drawer is gripped and maintains the drawer at an arbitrary height; a first stage that is provided above the cryopreservation vessel so as to be adjacent to the opening as seen in plan view and allows the box to be placed thereon; and a second pressing device that presses the box to move the box to the first stage.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with an insect repellent composition and a method of using the same to repel insects over an extended period of time. The compositions of the invention include natural insect repellents and can provide a prolongation of complete protection times to a 12 hour minimum thereby enabling a once daily dosage regime if required.

Abstract: There is provided herein a low foam surfactant composition comprising: (a) di-trisiloxane alkoxylate component of the general formula (I): (R1R2R3SiO)2(R4)Si—R5—Si(R6)(OSiR7R8R9)2??(I); and, (b) mono-trisiloxane alkoxylate component of the general formula (II): (R12R13R14SiO)2Si(R15)R16??(II) wherein di-trisiloxane alkoxylate (I) is soluble in mono-trisiloxane alkoxylate and methods of making the same.

Abstract: Embodiments of piscicide formulations are disclosed. A piscicide composition includes a first bead, comprising: about 0.5% to 75% by weight of a primary toxin; and an effective amount of a continuous phase to form the primary toxin into a toxin bead; and a second bead, comprising: about 1% to 85% by weight of a solubilizing agent; and an effective amount of a continuous phase to form the solubilizing agent into a solubilizing bead.

Abstract: A bio control surface (100) comprising a substrate (5) and a first plurality of discrete, spaced-apart particles (1) disposed on the substrate (5) and a second plurality of discrete, spaced-apart particles (6) disposed on the substrate (5), wherein the first (1) and second (6) pluralities of discrete, spaced-apart particles are formed from species having different chemical and/or electrical properties. An intermediate layer (4) may be interposed between the particles (1, 6) and the substrate (5). The bio control surface (100) can be activated by exposure to particular conditions, which cause the first (1) and second (6) pluralities of particles to adopt different potentials (+, ?), such that flow of charge, heat, ions etc. can be used to neutralise or kill bacteria or microorganisms resident on the surface (100).

Abstract: Strains of Chromobacterium sphagni sp. nov. are described which have insecticidal activity against insect larvae, in general, and lepidopteran insect larvae, in particular. A biocontrol agent containing one or more C. sphagni, media in which the C. sphagni, or both, and optionally a carrier are also described. Methods of killing insect larvae and methods of reducing insect populations in an area by applying to the area or an object an effective amount of the biocontrol agent are also described.

Abstract: A virus infection inhibitor containing a fermentation by-product such as an amino acid fermentation by-product and a nucleic acid fermentation by-product is sprinkled onto a plant body of a plant, such as tobacco, tomato, bell pepper, and chili pepper to control a disease induced by infection of a virus such as Tobamovirus viruses and Cucumovirus viruses.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising chitosan, glucosamine and amino acids, where the concentration of chitosan is greater than 1.5 wt % and glucosamine is greater than 1.5 wt %. In preferred embodiments the concentration of chitosan is from 2 to 2.5 wt % and glucosamine is 2 to 6 wt %. The composition can also include solid chitin. The composition can also include trace elements, protein and other polysaccharides. The composition is generally a liquid but may be a solid. In most embodiments, the solid can be reconstituted with water prior to use. In preferred embodiments, the composition comprises HYTd and at least one of, HYTa, HYTb and HYTc. In other embodiments the composition comprises HYTd and two or more of, HYTa, HYTb and HYTc. The composition can also comprise HYTd, HYTa, HYTb and HYTc. In the disclosed processes soil, seed, seedling or plant foliage are contacted with HYTd or any of the above compositions.

Abstract: A kitchen appliance (100) is disclosed comprising a compartment (110) for receiving flour, said compartment comprising a sensor (120) for producing a sensor reading indicative of a dielectric property of said flour or a product comprising said flour. The kitchen appliance further comprises a processing arrangement (130) communicatively coupled to the sensor for determining an initial moisture content of said flour or product from said sensor reading and adapted to generate a control signal indicative of an amount of water to be added to the compartment as a function of the determined moisture content. A method of controlling a flour product-based food preparation process is also disclosed.

Abstract: A clamping device for a bone-in limb meat according to an embodiment includes a base portion, a pair of clamp pieces mounted to the base portion and configured to hold a bone-in limb meat, and an orientation adjusting member for adjusting an orientation of the bone-in limb meat, the orientation adjusting member being mounted to the base portion independently of the pair of clamp pieces and having an inclined surface inclined at an acute angle with respect to a center line between the pair of clamp pieces. When the pair of clamp pieces are in an opened state, in a planar view, at least a part of the inclined surface of the orientation adjusting member is disposed so as to overlap a space formed between the pair of clamp pieces.

Abstract: An automated poultry skinning apparatus which includes a support frame having a product feed inlet and discharge outlet. The apparatus may house an upper conveyor aligned to engage the upper surface of a piece of poultry product entering the feed outlet. The apparatus is provided with a lower conveyor with a plurality of radially extending protrusions adapted to engage the lower surface of the piece of poultry passing between the lower conveyor and the optional upper conveyor. An arcuate pinch surface is provided which is mounted in closely spaced relationship to the arcuate path traveled by the protrusions of the translated belt and define therewith an opening for trapping the outer skin attached to the poultry product between the arcuate surface and the distal tips of the protrusions to entrap a portion of the skin and pull the skin from the poultry product piece.

Abstract: A gas supply device supplies an internal space of a container with nitrogen-enriched air to reduce an oxygen concentration of the internal space. If the oxygen concentration of the internal space gradually falls to reach a reference concentration C2, the gas supply device stops. If outside air enters the internal space at a gap between the container and a container refrigeration apparatus, the oxygen concentration of the internal space rises after the stop of the gas supply device. If the oxygen concentration of the internal space rises to reach an upper limit concentration C3, an internal fan controller switches a rotational speed of an internal fan from “HIGH” to “LOW.” The gas supply device is activated. As a result, the amount of the outside air entering the internal space can be reduced to reliably drop the oxygen concentration of the internal space.

Abstract: Coconut oil, coconut oil blends that are high in MCTs such as LouAna® liquid coconut oil, pure MCT oils, Omega-3oils, cannabidiol (CBD), hemp extract, tree nut oil, macadamia oil, almond oil, cashew oil, avocado oil, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), fish oil, and/or conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) may be emulsified to create an emulsified oil or blend that may take the form of a creamy shot or a cream substitute. These oils and/or blends may be emulsified using an emulsifier that may be selected from the following: sunflower lecithin, sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL), acacia gum, beta-cyclodextrin, and combinations of same. By emulsifying these oils/oil blends, a good tasting creamy shot or a cream substitute can be formed.

Abstract: Improved adhesion of powdered and particulate color and flavoring to dry snack foods such as, but not limited to: chips, pretzels, crackers, and puffed, popped, baked or extruded compositions is provided. The improved adhesive is a milk or water based composition with added high quality protein selected from one or more of milk, whey, milk concentrate, whey concentrate, isolated milk protein, soy concentrate, soy milk, soy isolate, egg, egg white, egg protein isolate, or combinations from animal, grain or legume sources with an essential amino acid composition that meets human growth and maintenance standards. The improved adhesive is applied to the surface of snack foods providing an adhesive surface for binding dry flavoring and colors. Examples show snack food compositions with improved nutrient content including reduced fat content, an increase in protein content and a beneficial increase in the protein quality measured by the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score.

Abstract: A machine for making liquid and/or semi-liquid food products includes a boiler for heating; a first chamber for processing a hot type liquid product, having an outlet and an inlet connected to the boiler; and a first dispensing unit, connectable to the outlet for dispensing a hot product. A mixing and cooling unit for making a cold type product includes a processing container and a stirrer, the mixing and cooling unit being connectable to the outlet for receiving the hot product defining a basic ingredient for making a product of the cold type. The outlet is switchable between a first configuration wherein the outlet is operatively connected to the mixing and cooling unit to allow transfer of hot product inside the processing container, and a second configuration wherein the outlet is operatively connected to the first dispensing unit to allow hot product to be dispensed.

Abstract: A machine for making liquid and semi-liquid products includes a container for processing the products, a mixer operating inside the container, a heat exchanger, operatively associated with the container for exchanging heat with the product inside the container, a motor driving the mixer, and an inverter, connected to the motor for controlling operation of the motor. A control and operating unit, connected to the inverter sends command signals and receives control signals. A communication fieldbus, interposed between the inverter and the control unit allows transmission of the signals. The control unit is programmed to run a first algorithm of the state machine type configured to control the inverter, include the following states: transmission of a command to the inverter, standby for confirmation that the inverter received the command, transmission of a read request for an inverter operating parameter, standby for receiving the inverter parameter.

Abstract: A kiosk for selling frozen confections such as shaved ice or ice cream may include with a liquid-topping dispenser assembly having liquid-dispensing faucets which are operable by a customer outside the kiosk to dispense liquid toppings onto the frozen confections.

Abstract: A system and method for anti-nutritional removal includes generating a feed stock from a plant-based protein source, the plant-based protein source having anti-nutritionals disposed therein. The system and method includes generating an ethanol slurry by combining the feed stock with an ethanol wash containing a first volume of ethanol and processing the ethanol slurry through an extractor to generate an ethanol matrix and a feed stock mass. The method and system further includes providing the feed stock mass to a desolventizer and generating a desolventized feed stock mass therefrom. Therein, the method and system includes drying the desolventized feed stock mass to generate a clean feed stock with at least a portion of the anti-nutritionals removed therefrom. In one embodiment, the feed stock may be fava beans with the removal of vicine and covicine as anti-nutritionals.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to isolated microorganisms-including novel strains of the microorganisms-microbial consortia, and compositions comprising the same. Furthermore, the disclosure teaches methods of utilizing the described microorganisms, microbial consortia, and compositions comprising the same, in methods for modulating the production of poultry, disease resistance, and egg yield. In particular aspects, the disclosure provides methods of increasing feed efficiency, and methods of preventing colonization of pathogenic microbes.

Abstract: In the steam pelleting of feed components which include starch, the addition of an alpha-amylase to the raw material meal can reduce energy consumption (energy input) in the feed press, and increase the throughput (capacity per hour), and it may be possible to reduce the temperature in the pellet press.

Abstract: This invention is about calcium oxide. The invention relates more particularly to obtaining the calcium oxide with high purity and on the implementation.

Abstract: A method of providing a carbonate salt for treatment of meat, including providing a bicarbonate salt; heating the bicarbonate salt to convert the bicarbonate salt to a carbonate salt so that the bicarbonate salt is heated to a temperature of at least about 145° F. for a time until detectable production of CO2 has ceased; and applying the carbonate salt to meat prior to cooking of the meat.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a high-flavor fish sauce within a short period and a fish sauce manufactured by the same. The method for manufacturing the fish sauce can considerably reduce the conventional long fermentation and maturation period of from 1 to 3 years, improve the nutrient content and taste of the fish sauce due to a hybrid, remove the intrinsic fishy odor therefrom, enhance its sensory desirability and quality thus being highly competitive to be widely used in the fish sauce manufacturing industry.

Abstract: The present invention provides food products, nutritional programs, and methods for meeting nutritional needs of subjects with dementia and related cognitive disorders. In one embodiment, the invention provides a food product comprising a reversibly sealed container and a soup, wherein the soup is in the container and comprises a total volume of 200-2000 mls, a vegetable or meat component, 300 to 2500 calories, a macronutrient caloric distribution comprising: 20-80% fat, 10-45% protein, and 10-65% carbohydrate, about 2% to about 40% medium chain triglycerides, omega 3 fatty acids in an amount of 100 to 2000 mg and less than 20 solid food particles having a volume greater than about 20 cm3.

Abstract: A composition for fortifying food and/or beverages comprising a complex of Fe(III), phytic acid and an amino compound selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide; ammonium carbonate; ammonium phosphate dibasic; ammonium sodium phosphate dibasic and triammonium phosphate.

Abstract: A stationary slicing head assembly for use with a centrifugal slicing machine for cutting vegetables into slices. The assembly includes a plurality of slicing shoes serially arranged around an impeller having an axis of rotation. A first end of each slicing shoe is positioned adjacent to a second end of a juxtaposed slicing shoe. A plurality of serially arranged knife blades, each knife blade being secured to the first end of a slicing shoe, wherein each knife blade has a cutting edge/has a cutting edge profile defined with respect to the shape of the cutting edge defining a two-dimensional shape of a cut surface produced by the cutting edge. Some of the knife blades are first knife blades which have a first profile, and second knife blades have a second profile. The arrangement of the first and second knife blades configured to cut first and second slices from a vegetable.

Abstract: Described are coated food products having a sugar (sucrose) coating, the coating exhibiting desirable levels of sucrose crystallinity and a desired sucrose ratio (total sucrose per total soluble solids), as well as methods or preparing such coated food products and coating.

Abstract: A smokeless tobacco product is provided that includes a tobacco material in the form of a tobacco extract, a particulate tobacco material, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the smokeless tobacco product is substantially translucent. Methods for making and using the smokeless tobacco product are also provided. The smokeless tobacco product can include isomalt, maltitol syrup, particulate tobacco, and a translucent tobacco extract prepared by ultrafiltration.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of isolating certain target compounds from tobacco, tobacco materials or smoke generated by a smoking article. The method can be used to remove undesirable compounds from tobacco, tobacco materials, or tobacco smoke. The method can also be used to remove flavor compounds from tobacco or tobacco materials, which can then be used as flavor components for tobacco material used in smoking articles and smokeless tobacco compositions.

Abstract: A smoking article has an outer surface and a plurality of frangible microcapsules provided on the outer surface, wherein the microcapsules are capable of being manually ruptured by a consumer to release an odorant encapsulated therein. The smoking article preferably comprises a wrapped tobacco rod; and a filter attached to the wrapped tobacco rod by tipping paper, a mouth end portion of which is “over tipped” with a band or strip of “Peel and Sniff” microcapsules and/or a band or strip of “Scratch and Sniff” microcapsules.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of manufacturing a lyocell material for a cigarette filter, including (S1) spinning a lyocell spinning dope composed of 8 to 13 wt % of a cellulose pulp and 87 to 92 wt % of an N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) aqueous solution; (S2) coagulating the lyocell spinning dope spun in (S1), thus obtaining a lyocell multifilament; (S3) water-washing the lyocell multifilament obtained in (S2); (S4) oiling the lyocell multifilament water-washed in (S3); and (S5) applying steam and pressure to the lyocell multifilament obtained in (S4), thus obtaining a crimped tow having 30 to 40 crimps per inch.

Abstract: An electronic cigarette has a conduit arranged in a atomizing stem, the conduit has a first segment and a second segment in communication with the first segment, the first segment has a wider inner space than the inner space of the second segment; a storage chamber is outside and surrounds the conduit; and a heating device arranged inside the inner space of the first segment of the conduit for atomizing an atomizable material coming from the storage chamber.

Abstract: An electronic cigarette particularly adaptable to vaporize liquid material also having exhale filter function is disclosed herein. The exhale function is useful to prevent second hand smoke in an enclosed environment, for example. An innovative diverter valve assembly comprises a unique duckbill valve configuration diverting air through a cooker chamber and into a mouthpiece in an inhale function and diverting exhaled air around the cooker chamber in the exhale function and through a filter assembly. A preferred embodiment further introduces a unique shape to the smoking instrument being elliptical in the cross-section and tapering to proximal and distal ends.

Abstract: A heated aerosol-generating article for use with an aerosol-generating device is provided, including a plurality of components including an aerosol-forming substrate assembled within a wrapper to form a rod having a mouth end and a distal end upstream from the mouth end, the heated aerosol-generating article defining a first air-flow path in which air drawn into the aerosol-generating article through the mouth end passes through the aerosol-forming substrate, and a second air-flow path in which air drawn into the aerosol-generating article through the mouth end does not pass through the aerosol-forming substrate, the resistance to draw (RTD) of the second air-flow path being lower than the RTD of the first air-flow path when the heated aerosol-generating article is not coupled to an aerosol-generating device.