Abstract: A method is provided for preparing transparent workpieces for separation. The method includes generating aligned filament formations extending transversely through the workpiece along an intended breaking line using ultra-short laser pulses.

Abstract: A method of forming a glass article includes steps of: providing a glass substrate sheet, forming a first array of first damage regions, forming a second array of second damage regions which define a plurality of portions, wherein the second array of second damage regions define one or more interrupted zones. The interrupted zones may have a largest dimension of about 10 microns or greater. The method further includes steps of etching the glass substrate and singulating the plurality of portions from the glass substrate sheet.

Abstract: A control device which is used in a manufacturing apparatus of an optical fiber, the manufacturing apparatus including a drawing unit and a coating unit. The control device includes: one or a plurality of non-contact holding portions which hold the bare optical fiber at any position between the drawing unit and the coating unit; a position detection unit; and a control unit which controls a flow rate of a fluid introduced into the non-contact holding portion on the basis of the floating position detected by the position detection unit. The non-contact holding portion comprises a guide groove. The control unit detects the floating position of the bare optical fiber at at least one of the non-contact holding portions, compares the detected floating position with a predetermined reference floating position, and controls a flow rate of the fluid introduced into the non-contact holding portions.

Abstract: A fining agent for reducing the concentration of seeds or bubbles in a silicate glass. The fining agent includes at least one inorganic compound, such as a hydrate or a hydroxide that acts as a source of water. In one embodiment, the fining agent further includes at least one multivalent metal oxide and, optionally, an oxidizer. A fusion formable and ion exchangeable silicate glass having a seed concentration of less than about 1 seed/cm3 is also provided. Methods of reducing the seed concentration of a silicate glass, and a method of making a silicate glass having a seed concentration of less than about 1 seed/cm3 are also described.

Abstract: A coloured glass sheet having a high transmission of infrared (IR) radiation, the composition comprising, in a content expressed as percentages by total weight of glass: SiO2 55-85%? Al2O3 0-30% B2O3 0-20% Na2O 0-25% CaO 0-20% MgO 0-15% K2O 0-20% total iron (expressed in Fe2O3 form) 0.02-1%? Co 0.0001-0.5%???? Cr2O3 0.002-0.5%;??? said sheet having: TIR4>TLD4. The glass sheet can advantageously have a blue or green shade and be used in a device requiring very good transmission of IR radiation.

Abstract: Provided is an ultraviolet-radiation absorbing glass product, characterized by: having a transmittance of ultraviolet radiation (TUV), as specified by ISO 9050: 2003, of 2% or less at a plate thickness of 3.5 mm, and transmittance of visible light (TVA) of 8 to 28% inclusive, based on the Standard Illuminant A at a plate thickness of 3.5 mm; and the color of the glass, as denoted by the chromaticity coordinates x, y in the XYZ color coordinate system based on a 2-degree visual field of the Standard Illuminant C as specified by JIS Z8701: 1999, satisfying the following expressions (1) and (2). (1) y??0.735×x+0.544 (2) y?1.389×x?0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lithium silicate glass ceramic which contains lithium silicate as main crystal phase and scheelite and/or powellite as further crystal phases. The invention also relates to a corresponding starting glass, a starting glass with nuclei, a process for producing the glass ceramic and the starting glasses as well as the use thereof.

Abstract: A group of glass-ceramic compositions nucleated with ZrO2 and P2O5 can develop a microstructure composed of spherulite grains, which produce a high fracture toughness (about 1.5 MPa·m0.5 or higher). Also, the glass-ceramic articles can be cerammed to have a CTE value of 30×10?7/° C. or lower.

Abstract: A process for forming coating on an interior surface of a glass container. A glass preform is formed at blank molding station from a gob of molten glass. Thereafter, a glass container is formed at a blow molding station from the glass preform. A coating material comprising a suspension of nanoparticles in a liquid medium is introduced into an interior of the glass preform or the glass container while the glass is still hot from being formed. Heat from the glass is transferred to the liquid medium to vaporize the liquid medium and form a coating on an interior surface of the glass preform or the glass container. Thereafter, the glass container is annealed.

Abstract: A method of masking glass in an ion exchange bath includes applying a dissolvable sealant to a cover material, adhering the cover material to a glass part to form a mask on the glass part, immersing the glass part into an ion exchange bath. removing the glass part from the ion exchange bath, and using a solvent to dissolve the sealant and the cover material from the glass part. A mask on glass having a piece of glass, and a dissolvable sealant on a cover material, the dissolvable sealant comprising an inorganic material and a silicate, the dissolvable sealant between the cover material and the piece of glass.

Abstract: A dispersant composition for use in gypsum and/or cementitious compositions that includes, in combination, a polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer and a synergistically effective amount of an aluminum salt. The presence of the aluminum salt, such as aluminum chlorohydrate, improves the performance of the polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer.

Abstract: The present description relates to asphalt coating compositions, and methods of application, for coating asphalt paving surfaces. In particular, sprayable coating compositions are provided, and methods of application, for coating asphalt paving surfaces. In the coating composition, a lightweight aggregate material of sprayable particle size is stably suspended in a sprayable asphalt emulsion in an amount sufficient to increase the micro-texture surface roughness of the cured coating.

Abstract: A method for recycling electronic waste may method comprise receiving electronic waste from an electronic waste-generating entity, separating components of the electronic waste into valuable recyclable material, hazardous material, and disposable non-hazardous material, creating a plurality of building material units comprising the disposable non-hazardous material, and sending at least a portion of the plurality of building material units back to the electronic waste-generating entity.

Abstract: The invention provides novel, microstructured clinker and cement materials that are characterized by superior grindability and reactivity. The disclosed clinker and cement materials are based on carbonatable calcium silicate and can be made from widely available, low cost raw materials via a process suitable for large-scale production. The method of the invention is flexible in equipment and processing requirements and is readily adaptable to manufacturing facilities of conventional Portland cement.

Abstract: A method for recovering valuable metals and simultaneously preparing ceramsite by roasting cyanide tailing belongs to the area of comprehensive recovery and high value utilization of metallurgical waste residue. In this method, cyanide tailings, bentonite, calcium chloride, coal powder and albite are mixed by ball milling according to certain weight ratio to get a mixture. After drying and roasting twice, dust is collected from the roasted ash, the obtained polymetallic ash is collected and treated. The secondary calcined material is cooled to obtain ceramsite. The invention volatilizes and recovers the valuable metal in the roasting and sintering process of cyanide tailings and directly prepares the ceramsite through reasonable batching, which achieves the effect of recycling cyanide tailings and high-value utilization, can create good economic and environmental benefits, and has significant effect of energy saving and consumption reduction.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic substrate that includes a laminate having stacked ceramic layers formed of a ceramic material containing a main component, containing 48 to 75% by weight of Si, 20 to 40% by weight of Ba, and 10 to 40% by weight of Al, and an auxiliary component containing at least 2.5 to 20 parts by weight of Mn with respect to 100 parts by weight of the main component, and in the laminate, glass ceramic layers in which the entire or a portion of the thickness thereof exists within 100 ?m inside of the laminate as measured from opposed principal surfaces are further stacked.

Abstract: Metal oxide particles, such as molded particles, as well as methods of making and articles containing the same. The particles can contain at least 70 mol percent ZrO2, and can be made by a molding process.

Abstract: A construction comprising a sintered polycrystalline super-hard layer having mutually opposite reinforced boundaries, each of which is bonded to a respective reinforcement structure, in which the super-hard layer includes polycrystalline diamond (PCD) material or polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) material. The construction will be configured such that the equivalent circle diameter of each reinforced boundary is at least ten times the mean thickness of the super-hard layer between them. The reinforcement structures will be substantially free of material having a melting point of less than 2,000 degrees Celsius, at least adjacent the reinforced boundaries.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of spraying a surface with a set-delayed cement. The method comprises providing a set-delayed cement composition comprising water, pumice, hydrated lime, and a set retarder; spraying a surface with the set-delayed cement composition; and allowing the set-delayed cement composition to set on the surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a homogeneous, solid, particulate, urea ammonium sulphate-based composition comprising urea ammonium sulphate and a urease inhibitor of the type phosphoric triamide, wherein the urea ammonium sulphate-based composition is further characterized in that one or more of the following measures applies: a) it comprises 5 weight % or less, relative to the total weight of the composition, of one or more alkaline or alkaline-forming inorganic or organic compounds that is able to interact with ammonium sulphate; b) the urease inhibitor of the type phosphoric triamide is in a solid particulate form; c) an anticaking and/or moisture repellent coating is applied onto the urea ammonium sulphate particulate material. The composition according to the invention has improved properties for reducing ammonia loss by urease activity in the soil and is in particular suitable as a fertilizer.

Abstract: A method and system reprocess soiled animal bedding material commingled with animal manure. In one aspect the soiled animal bedding material is separated in a shaker to send at least a preponderance the manure to a holding tank. In another aspect the bedding is cleaned, rinsed and color is restored. The bedding material is subsequently dried and a bedding product, fertilizer product, and/or compacted product is formed. Alternatively, the bedding material is dried (without a compacting step) to form a product. In another aspect, the steps of separation, cleaning, rinsing and/or color restoration may be omitted.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for treating a mixture of wastes (4) comprising biodegradable wastes, the method being characterized in that it includes the following successive steps: Step A: the mixture of wastes (4) is subjected to a first composting cycle so as to obtain a mixture of pre-composted wastes (4), Step B: the mixture of pre-composted wastes (4) is subjected to a drying so as to obtain a mixture of dried wastes (4), Step C: the mixture of dried wastes (4) is separated into at least a portion of heavy wastes (14) and a portion of light wastes (13), Step D: the portion of light wastes (13) is subjected to a second composting cycle to so as to obtain a mixture (4) of refined wastes (20). Treatment of biodegradable wastes.

Abstract: A surfactant-assisted self-assembly method can be used to crystallize energetic materials with controlled morphology. Microparticles of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) formed by this method may have enhanced functional reproducibility due to their monodisperse nature, and decreased shock sensitivity due to their sub-2 ?m particle size.

Abstract: A method and device for preparing propylene and C4 hydrocarbons from oxygen-containing compounds. By circulating 80 wt. % or more of the hydrocarbons with five or more carbons in the product into a catalytic cracking lift pipe to perform a cracking reaction to generate a product containing propylene and C4 hydrocarbons, the method improves the reaction rate of ethylene alkylation, and the unit volume production capacity of reactor is high.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a catalyst composition for the oligomerization of ethylene comprising a zirconium-containing catalyst and an organoaluminum-containing co-catalyst. The disclosure also relates to a process for oligomerization of ethylene in the presence of the catalyst composition according to the disclosure. The disclosed process results in C4-C2o linear alpha olefins having improved linearity.

Abstract: Processes for producing neopentane are disclosed herein. Processes comprise demethylating a C6-C8 alkane within a shell and tube reactor to produce a demethylation product including at least 10 wt % neopentane based on the weight of the demethylation product.

Abstract: Processes for co-production of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) and alkylate is disclosed. The process includes comprising passing a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons to a dehydrogenation unit to generate a dehydrogenation effluent comprising C4 olefins. The dehydrogenation effluent is passed to a MTBE unit to provide a mixed stream comprising C4 olefins and MTBE. The mixed stream is separated to provide an MTBE product stream and a fractionator overhead stream comprising olefins. The fractionator overhead stream is passed to an alkylation unit to produce an alkylation product stream comprising an alkylate.

Abstract: Ethane may be catalytically oxidatively dehydrogenated to ethylene at high conversions and high selectivity in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor in the presence of oxygen in the feed in an amount above the flammability limit. The reactor has an attached regeneration reactor to regenerate the catalyst and cycle back to the CFB.

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses for para-xylene separation. A stream of para-xylene is separated from a toluene stream in a fractionation column. An overhead stream of the fractionation column is compressed and then passed to a heat recovery zone to transfer heat from the overhead stream to another process stream in, for example, a heat exchanger. The fractionation column may be separating an effluent from a toluene methylation reactor.

Abstract: A method for squalene extraction from a seed oil includes converting fatty acids of the seed oil into soap by subjecting the seed oil to a saponification reaction to obtain a saponified product, and adsorbing the fatty acids of the seed oil on surfaces of iron oxide nanoparticles to obtain iron oxide nanoparticles coated with fatty acids. The method may further include washing the iron oxide nanoparticles coated with fatty acids with a polar solvent to obtain a third mixture including a polar phase and the iron oxide nanoparticles coated with fatty acids, separating the iron oxide nanoparticles coated with fatty acids from the third mixture by a magnetic field, mixing the polar phase with a non-polar solvent and distilled water to obtain a two-phase solution, the two-phase solution including a non-polar phase and an aqueous phase, and separating and drying the non-polar phase to obtain squalene.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for preparing methyl lactate including the steps of: bringing an aqueous liquid comprising lactic acid, methanol, and at least 5 wt. % of a dissolved chloride salt selected from magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, and zinc chloride to reaction conditions, thereby obtaining methyl lactate, wherein an extractant is provided to the reaction mixture before, during, and/or after formation of methyl lactate; subjecting the reaction mixture to a liquid-liquid separation step wherein an organic phase comprising methyl lactate and extractant is separated from an aqueous phase comprising dissolved chloride salt. The extractant preferably includes one or more compounds selected from C5+ ketones and C3-C10 ethers, in particular C5-C8 ketones, more in particular methyl isobutyl ketone. It has been found that the process according to the invention makes it possible to manufacture methyl lactate efficiently and in high yield.

Abstract: A device for manufacturing an organic substance, including: a synthesis gas generation unit for generating a synthesis gas; an impurity concentration reducing unit including an adsorbent which is capable of adsorbing impurities contained in the synthesis gas, and produces a purified gas by contact of the adsorbent with the synthesis gas; an organic substance synthesis unit for producing an organic substance-containing solution from the purified gas as a raw material; an extraction unit for extracting the organic substance by heating the organic substance-containing solution; a heating unit for preparing heated gas to be fed to the adsorbent; and a heat supplying unit which supplies the extraction unit with heat of the heated gas fed from the heating unit to the adsorbent.

Abstract: Compounds and compositions are provided that inhibit histone deacylase activity and which expand renal progenitor cell populations and improve kidney function in a damaged kidney. Methods of use of the compounds and compositions are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing methyl tert-butyl ether including a reaction step of reacting methanol with iso-butene in the presence of an acid catalyst to generate methyl tert-butyl ether; and a purification step of purify the reaction product obtained by the reaction step by introducing the reaction product into a reaction distillation column including a packing stage containing an acid catalyst, wherein a flow ratio of a recycle to a fresh feed is different per the volume of each reactor. Accordingly, the amount of unreacted iso-butene and the amount of impurities included in the reactor may be reduced, resulting in reduction of the amount of thermal energy used in a reaction distillation column.

Abstract: Provided are integrated processes for the conversion of beta propiolactone to acrylic acid. Systems for the production of acrylic acid are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparation of halo substituted benzoic acid compound of Formula (1) and intermediates thereof.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process of oxidizing an alcohol for the production of its corresponding carbonyl compounds wherein the oxidation is performed with oxygen or gases containing oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least a gold compound and a copper compound. Said alcohol oxidation by gaseous oxidant can achieve a high yield and selectivity with minimized degradation products or waste organic solvents.

Abstract: The present invention describes an improved process for the industrial scale production of dimethyl fumarate. The process involves a one-pot ring opening reaction of maleic anhydride to monomethyl maleate and isomerization into the corresponding monomethyl fumarate in presence of a Lewis acid. Finally the mono methyl fumarate was converted into the dimethyl fumarate by an acid catalyzed esterification reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the medical field, specifically a salvianolic acid T as described in structural formula (I), a chiral isomer thereof, a preparation method therefor, pharmaceutical compositions, antioxidants, and free radical scavengers thereof, and a use of the compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing diamines and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series, by condensing aniline and formaldehyde followed by an acid-catalysed rearrangement at different production capacities. By adapting the temperatures in the acid-catalysed rearrangement step, the rearrangement reaction can be fully completed despite the change in dwell time inevitably associated with changed production capacity, with no undesired changes occurring in the product composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing high-quality anhydrous choline halide single crystal and its derivatives. The single crystal product has good stability of light and heat. It also has the advantages of moisture resistant, deliquescent resistance and is not easy to agglomerate. The method is simple in operation. The solvent used in the process is difficult to volatilize and can be recycled.

Abstract: It is provided a process for the preparation of bimatoprost, which comprises: a) reacting a compound of formula (III) with ethylamine in the presence of a suitable solvent; and b) deprotecting compound obtained in step a) to obtain bimatoprost, wherein R1 is selected from (C1-C16)alkyl, (C1C16)haloalkyl, (C2-C16)alkenyl, (C2-C16)haloalkenyl, (C1-C16)alkoxy(C1-C16)alkyl, aryl, (C1-C16)alkylaryl, allyl, —(CH2—CH2—O)n—CH3 wherein n=1, 2, 3 or 4, and —CH(O—CH2—CH2)2; R2 is selected from H, (C1-C16)alkyl, (C1-C16)haloalkyl, (C2-C16)alkenyl, (C2-C16)haloalkenyl, (C1-C16)alkoxy(CrC16)alkyl, aryl, (C1-C16)alkylaryl, allyl; or, alternatively, R1 and R2 taken together are selected from —CH2—CH2—CH2—, —CH2—CH2—, —O—CH2—CH2—, and —O—CH?CH—. There are also provided intermediates useful in such preparation process.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds that are farnesoid X receptor agonists, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds in the treatment of conditions, diseases, or disorders associated with farnesoid X receptor activity.

Abstract: A catalytic composition and process useful for the conversion of an olefin selected from the group consisting of propylene, isobutylene or mixtures thereof, to acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile and mixtures thereof, wherein the catalyst exhibiting increased selectivity to hydrogen cyanide compared to prior art catalysts.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing 2-(1-{6-[(2-[F-18]fluoroethyl)(methyl)amino]-2-naphthyl}ethylidene)-malononitrile ([F-18]FDDNP) utilizes a semi-automated module that is used to perform fluorination, pre-purification, separation, product extraction, and formulation. The method is able to produce [F-18]FDDNP with high yields and ready for human administration under existing FDA regulations, and without the need for hazardous organic solvents such as dichloromethane (DCM), methanol (MeOH), and tetrahydrofuran (THF). The method also improves the speed with which [F-18]FDDNP can be synthesized with the method being able to generate a final product within about 90 to 100 minutes. This synthesis method is easily adaptable to FDA registered and approved automated synthesis systems.

Abstract: A method and a continuous process for producing two isocyanates by reacting a first amine with phosgene in a stoichiometric excess in the gas phase to produce a first isocyanate. The excess phosgene is subsequently recovered and recirculated back to react with a second amine to produce a second isocyanate. In an embodiment, both fresh and recycled phosgene may be used in reacting each respective amine to produce an isocyanate. The amine streams contain two different concentrations of hydrogen chloride: one may be between 0.0 and 0.1%, and another may be between 1 and 5% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a guanidine compound and a use thereof, and more specifically, to a guanidine derivative showing excellent effects of inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, cancer metastasis, and cancer recurrence; a preparation method thereof; and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same as an active ingredient. Compared to existing drugs, the guanidine derivative according to the present invention shows excellent effects of inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, cancer metastasis, and cancer recurrence even with small doses, and may thus be effectively used in preventing or treating various cancers such as uterine cancer, breast cancer, stomach cancer, brain cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, skin cancer, blood cancer, liver cancer, etc., inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and cancer metastasis.

Abstract: Isosulfan blue and processes for the preparation thereof are provided. A process is also provided for preparation of the intermediate, 2-chlorobenzaldehyde-5-sulfonic acid, sodium salt of formula (2), used in the preparation thereof and a procedure for the isolation of benzaldehyde-2,5-disulfonic acid, di-sodium salt of the formula (3). Also provided is a process for the preparation of an isoleuco acid of formula (4), which upon oxidation gives rise to isosulfan blue of pharmaceutical grade which can be used for preparation of pharmaceutical formulations. The isolation and purification procedures provided in the process provide substantially pure isosulfan blue with HPLC purity 99.5% or greater.

Abstract: Indoline and tetrahydroquinoline sulfonyl compounds that can inhibit DapE and/or bacterial metallo-?-lactamases (“MBLs”), such as NDM-1 are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of treating an individual suffering from a bacterial infection using the compounds disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of determining the purity of a sample of 3,4-diaminopyridine comprising determining the presence, absence, or amount of a dimer of 3,4-diaminopyridine or a dimer of 3,4-diaminopyridine in the form of a salt, solvate or complex or a combination thereof. The invention also relates to methods of detecting and quantitating degradation in a sample of 3,4-diaminopyridine. Dimers of 3,4-diaminopyridine and methods of making and isolating the same are also provided.