Abstract: The invention relates to distributed ledge technologies such as consensus-based blockchains. Computer-implemented methods for securely providing undetermined data from a determined or undetermined source are described. The invention is implemented using a blockchain network, which may be, for example, a Bitcoin blockchain. A first transaction to validate is received at a node in a blockchain network, with the first transaction including a first script that includes at least a first value, at least a portion of which includes data that is unconstrained by a second script, and a second value. A second transaction is obtained. The second transaction having been validated and including the second script that, as a result of being executed, causes the node to obtain the first value and the second value as a result of execution of the first script, and validate, based at least in part on first value and the second value, that the data is associated with a data source.

Abstract: At a regulatory member, a fund flow report generation request is received from a target member associated with a blockchain. Fund flow data associated with the target member is obtained from the blockchain. Based on a parameter in a report template, data corresponding to the parameter in the obtained fund flow data is determined through matching. The matched data is entered into the report template to generate a fund flow report of the target member. The fund flow report is pushed to the target member.

Abstract: A method for translating transaction messages includes receiving, by a server from an acquirer, an inbound transaction message that is associated with a transaction and pursuant to a first message format supported by the acquirer. The server translates the inbound transaction message from the first message format to a second message format supported by the server when the first and second message formats are different. The server processes the inbound transaction message having the second message format and generates an outbound transaction message having the second message format. The server translates the outbound transaction message from the second message format to a third message format supported by an issuer that corresponds to the transaction when the second and third message formats are different, and transmits the translated outbound transaction to the issuer for processing the transaction. Thus, the method allows the server to translate transaction messages between different message formats.

Abstract: A method, computer system, and a computer program product for managing an electronic payment function by an electronic device is provided. The present invention may include initiating an electronic payment function by an electronic device based on determining that conditions of a user specification are met, whereby the initiated electronic payment function triggers an electronic purchase of a target item.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for analyzing images of visual objects, such as currency and/or payment cards, captured on a mobile device. The analysis allows determining the authenticity and/or total amount of value of the currency and/or payment cards. The system may be used to verify the authenticity of hard currency, to count the total amount of the currency captured in one or more images, and to convert the currency using real time monetary exchange rates. The mobile device may be used to verify the identity of a credit card user by analyzing one or more images of the card holder's face and/or card holder's signature, card holder's name on the card, card number, and/or card security code.

Abstract: An efficient interactive graphical user interface for scheduling transfers is disclosed. A method of providing such a graphical user interface includes displaying a calendar that includes days selectable and not selectable as either a transfer date for sending a transfer to a recipient or a transfer received date on which the transfer is intended to be received. Input may be received selecting either the transfer date or the transfer received date. The other of the transfer date and the transfer received date is then determined and an indication is displayed indicating the first date and the determined date. Further input may then be received selecting a second date different from the first date. The other date is then redetermined based on the second date. The display of the calendar is updated to replace the first visual indication with a second visual indication indicating the second date and the redetermined date.

Abstract: A system for performing authorization of a user in an augmented reality environment comprises an augmented reality user device, an automatic teller machine, and an authentication server. The automatic teller machine has a keypad with unmarked buttons. The augmented reality user device includes a display configured to overlay virtual objects onto a field of view of a user. The augmented reality user device receives a virtual keypad overlay, which assigns values to the unmarked buttons of the keypad. Using the overlay, the augmented reality user device displays the assigned values on the buttons of the keypad. The automatic teller machine detects an input sequence entered on the keypad and sends the input sequence to the authentication server. The authentication server determines an authentication code by combining the input sequence with the virtual keypad overlay, and compares the determined authentication code with an authentication code stored in a database.

Abstract: A device may receive customer data, and store the customer data in a secure memory device of the device. The device may implement a backup mode in which the device utilizes the customer data to authorize requests based on determining that the device lacks a network connection. The device may receive, when the device is in the backup mode, a request for currency that includes authentication information. The device, while in the backup mode, may authorize the request for currency based on comparing the authentication information and the customer data. The device may dispense currency based on a result of comparing the authentication information and the customer data. The device may store transaction data associated with dispensing of the currency to permit the transaction data to be transmitted when the network connection is restored.

Abstract: A method, computer system, and a computer program product for managing an electronic payment application is provided. The present invention may include managing online assets using a digital portal, whereby the digital portal determines a purchase order based on conditions of a wish list and a prioritization schedule being met, and releases funds to trigger the electronic purchase of a target item.

Abstract: An artificial intelligence system for managing a consumer relationship is provided. The artificial intelligence system includes: one or more client entities; a storage device configured to store data related to actions and characteristics of the one or more client entities, the actions and characteristics relating to payment of accounts receivable; one or more machine learning server devices configured to generate and update a machine learning model based on previous actions and characteristics of said one or more client entities; and predict future actions of the one or more client entities with respect to the payment of accounts receivable, based on the machine learning model.

Abstract: A system and method for auto-populating an electronic transaction process is provided. The system comprises at least one processor, and a memory storing instructions which when executed by the at least one processor configure the processor to obtain a scanned payee identifier from an optical character recognition scan of a digital bill document, compare the scanned payee identifier with a set of stored payee identifiers to obtain at least one first identifier match, determine a score for each of the at least one identifier match, and select the stored payee identifier associated with a highest score. The method comprises obtaining a scanned payee identifier from an optical character recognition scan of a digital bill document, comparing the scanned payee identifier with a set of stored payee identifiers to obtain at least one first identifier match, determining a score for each of the at least one identifier match, and selecting the stored payee identifier associated with a highest score.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure enable a computing system to enhance one or more financial transactions. The computing system identifies a cardholder account used to enter into a financial transaction, identifies a merchant and/or a primary product associated with the financial transaction, analyzes cardholder data associated with the cardholder account and account data associated with the merchant and/or the primary product to determine a secondary product, generate presentation data for presenting product information associated with the secondary product, and receive selection data associated with the secondary product such that the financial transaction is enhanced with the secondary product. Aspects of the disclosure provide for enhancing the financial transaction with a secondary product tailored to the cardholder, provided or promoted by the merchant, and/or useable with the primary product in a constructive, complementary, and/or effective manner.

Abstract: Provided is a POS device, configured to be capable of accepting payment by electronic money as well as cash, said device comprising a control unit for performing settlement by subtracting a payment amount of a payment in cash or a payment in electronic money from a merchandise cost of merchandise purchased by a customer. The control unit accepts the payment amount of the payment in cash and the payment amount of the payment in electronic money and performs settlement of the merchandise cost. The payment amount of the payment in electronic money is an arbitrary desired amount that the customer desires to pay in electronic money.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for providing a peer-to-peer exchange of data files and payments between a seller computing device and a buyer computing device over a communication network in a decentralized marketplace. The system includes a decentralized blockchain database, a private database, plurality of modules stored in the decentralized blockchain database, a graphical user interface and a processing unit. The decentralized blockchain database represents the storage of information related to selling and buying of data files in a peer-to-peer marketplace. The private database stores information related to personal data related to sellers and buyers. The plurality of modules includes a registration module, a data management module, a purpose module, a data signature module, a data transaction module, and a buyer confirmation module. The seller delivers the data file to the buyer using peer-to-peer data transfer medium.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to user interfaces for managing peer-to-peer transfers. In some examples, a device provides user interfaces for initiating and managing transfers. In some examples, a device provides user interfaces corresponding to completed transfers. In some examples, a device provides user interfaces for providing visually distinguishable message object appearances based on message designation. In some examples, a device provides user interfaces for activating accounts for accepting and sending transfers. In some examples, a device provides user interfaces for exchanging accounts for use in a transfer. In some examples, a device provides user interfaces for splitting transfers between two or more accounts. In some examples, a device provides user interfaces for generating and displaying a transfers history list. In some examples, a device provides user interfaces for voice-activation of transfers.

Abstract: A method and system provides a mobile device app that enables users to not only view augmented reality objects and access content, but also to establish, deploy, and manage their own augmented reality objects for viewing and interaction with by other users of the mobile app. The method and system of the invention thus serves as the foundation for an augmented reality ecosystem in which any user can create an augmented reality object for viewing and interaction with by all of a subset of other users. The ecosystem may include its own cryptocurrency to facilitate transactions arising from interaction with the augmented reality objects, and to facilitate compensation to digital content providers. In addition, ownership of augmented reality objects created by the method and system of the invention may be recorded and verified utilizing blockchain technology.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a system includes a memory comprising instructions, an interface, and a processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the interface. The interface is configured to receive, from a user telephone device, a request to complete a transaction using a token associated with the user telephone device. The processor is configured, when executing the instructions, to determine one or more tokens associated with the user telephone device. The interface is further configured to send, to an issuer server, a verification request for the token, and receive, in response to the verification request, translated information associated with the token. The processor is further configured to complete the transaction using the translated information.

Abstract: Technologies related to credit payment based on a mobile terminal embedded secure element are disclosed. In an implementation, a payment request is received from a mobile computing device associated with a user account. The payment information including a payment amount is generated based on the payment request. The payment information is then sent to the mobile computing device. A payment authorization encrypted by a private key is received based on asymmetric encryption from the mobile computing device. A public key corresponding to the private key is used to verify the payment authorization, and a transaction log is generated for collecting a payment according to the payment amount if the payment authorization is successfully verified.

Abstract: A method of provisioning payment credentials to a mobile device includes receiving a payment credentials provisioning request. The method further includes facilitating decision-making with respect to the request based at least in part on data obtained and/or confirmed directly or indirectly from a mobile network operator (MNO) associated with the mobile device.

Abstract: Systems, methods, processes, computer program code and means for conducting a payment transaction are provided which include activating a payment application of a mobile device, generating, using the payment application, an optical image representing payment account information associated with the payment application, said payment account information including at least one of a payment account number, an expiry date of the payment account number, and a dynamic verification code generated by the payment application; and presenting the optical image to a merchant transaction terminal for scanning to conduct the payment transaction.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a smart box and method of use thereof. The smart box can comprise a box, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader, an access control system, and a smart box control system. The box can be capable of housing a plurality of purchasable products. The RFID reader can be capable of reading a plurality of RFID tags. The smart box control system can comprise a smart box memory and a smart box processor. The smart box memory can comprise a smart box application. The smart box processor can, according to instructions from the smart box application, grant access to a buyer upon the buyer supplying an access key to the access control system, can maintain contact with each of the plurality of RFID tags within the box and can direct a purchasable product of the plurality of purchasable products to be billed to a user account.

Abstract: The gifting systems and corresponding methods of the present disclosure electronically provide a stored value instrument as a gift in place of a suggested product. The methods include taking a selected product offered for sale on a merchant's eCommerce website, converting that product into a gift suggestion, and delivering a personalized message including the gift suggestion and the stored value instrument to a gift recipient, based on various calculations, rules, and user inputs. The gift recipient can either purchase the suggested gift or any other gift from the eCommerce website's merchant using the stored value instrument. These systems and methods support multiple contributors to the gift and can be used via social or non-social networks. These systems and methods also support the delivery of personalized online messages related to a gift via social networks, email, or SMS. The personalized online messages include eGreeting cards, written messages, video recordings, and/or photos.

Abstract: A virtual card opening method and system, a payment system, and a card issuing system are disclosed. The method comprises: receiving, through an online traffic entrance associated with a payment system, a virtual card opening request from a user, the virtual card opening request comprising user information and type identifier information of a virtual card; searching, by the payment system, for a rule for acting as an agent to open a card and a card opening condition corresponding to the type identifier information from the payment system, the rule for acting as an agent to open a card and the card opening condition being obtained in advance by the payment system from a card issuing system; and generating, by the payment system, a target virtual card according to the user information and the rule for acting as an agent.

Abstract: A method for issuing supplementary cards includes a first request received by a server for issuing a virtual supplementary card in real time to a beneficiary. The virtual supplementary card is to be linked to a primary card of a primary card holder. The first request includes information of the beneficiary and is initiated by the primary card holder from a first digital account created on a first application. The server validates the information of the beneficiary and generates the virtual supplementary card in real time. The server provides the virtual supplementary card to the beneficiary. The virtual supplementary card is accessible to the beneficiary by way of a second digital account for performing one or more transactions.

Abstract: A seamless electronic system and method for application, acceptance of, authorizing access to, and tracking purchases made with a new credit account is disclosed. The method uses a mobile device to electronically apply for a new credit account and receive a metadata file formatted for a mobile wallet on the mobile device, the metadata file providing a new credit account for making purchases via a mobile payment. A biometric security is provided to limit access to the new credit account, the biometric security being different than an input needed to access the mobile device. A user is authenticated with the biometric security, prior to receiving access to the new credit account; and initiating a mobile purchase therewith. A digital receipt identifying one or more aspects of the mobile purchase is received.

Abstract: Techniques for providing a localized blockchain that uses a mesh network to facilitate transactions for a localized event are provided. An electronic device can receive data from a localized mesh network to establish the device as a node on the localized mesh network. The established node can generate a cryptocurrency wallet that can be loaded with an initial amount of localized cryptocurrency tokens from a total amount of localized cryptocurrency tokens. The total amount of localized cryptocurrency tokens can be previously mined by a central authority of the localized mesh network. The established node can conduct transactions within the localized mesh network utilizing the localized cryptocurrency tokens. The established node can receive a portion of a cryptocurrency token for transmitting transactional data to a next nearest node on the localized mesh network to help facilitate a transaction involving other nodes on the network.

Abstract: An example operation may include one or more of receiving, by a data store peer, measured values of objects, storing, by the data store peer, the measured values along with corresponding hash/time pair values on a data store of the data store peer, executing, by the data store peer, a smart contract to update the hash/time pair values on a blockchain ledger, executing, by the data store peer, a smart contract to retrieve hash values corresponding to a particular time from the blockchain ledger and providing the hash values to the data store, generating, by the data store peer, a summary table that contains object values retrieved from the data store based on the hash values, and executing, by the data store peer, a smart contract to calculate a fee based on the summary table.

Abstract: Provided is a method for digital assets transfer or smart contract state transition on a distributed ledger using a snapshot chain that comprises a series of snapshot blocks linked by hash reference. The distributed ledger comprises a plurality of accounts, each account having an account chain comprising a series of blocks linked by hash reference. The global consensus of the distributed ledger is recorded in the snapshot chain.

Abstract: A method and system for registering digital content with a decentralized distribution system having a front end computing system, the front end computing system including a front end processor, a display, a user interface, and front end memory, the decentralized distribution system having a back end computing system communicatively connected to the front end computing system, the back end computing system including a back end processor and back end memory: communicate, in response to a user's interactions with the user interface of the front end computing system, digital content related information to the back end computing system, the digital content related information corresponding to the user's interactions with the user interface of the front end computing system; register, with the back end computing system, digital content based upon the received digital content related information; and create electronic tokens related to the registered digital content, using the back end computing system, in response

Abstract: A method comprises: selecting one or more blockchain assets from a remitter's blockchain account according to a transaction amount of a transaction to be remitted from the remitter's blockchain account into a receiver's blockchain account, wherein a total asset amount represented by the selected one or more blockchain assets is not less than the transaction amount, and a commitment of an individual asset amount represented by each of the selected one or more blockchain assets is recorded in a blockchain; generating a commitment of the transaction amount; and submitting to the blockchain the transaction comprising information of the selected one or more blockchain assets and the commitment of the transaction amount, for the selected one or more blockchain assets to be removed from the remitter's blockchain account and one or more blockchain assets corresponding to the commitment of the transaction amount to be added to the receiver's blockchain account.

Abstract: A device for contracting smart contracts receives and stores event information provided by an organizer of an event and candidate information provided by a co-organizer candidate. The device for contracting smart contracts deploys a smart contract of the event in a block chain based on the event information, determines to assign the co-organizer candidate as a co-organizer of the event through the smart contract based on the candidate information, and records the candidate information into the smart contract to make the organizer contract with the co-organizer candidate.

Abstract: A method is provided which comprises receiving at a server system associated with a card issuer or card program manager a transaction request for a transaction, the transaction request containing data to identify a customer account number; determining a mobile computing device associated with the customer account number; transmitting to the mobile computing device a payment request, the payment request comprising: (i) a requesting entity certificate signed with a private key of the card issuer or card program manager, and (ii) transaction data specifying the transaction and signed with the private key defined in (i); and receiving from the mobile computing device a payment authorisation message to authorise the transaction, the payment authorisation message comprising a cryptogram based on (i) data contained in the requesting entity certificate, (ii) data contained in a payment entity certificate, (iii) transaction data and (iv) mobile computing device data, where the cryptogram is signed with a cryptographic

Abstract: A location of a transaction or payment request is compared with a location of a user device to determine whether the distance is great enough to send an alert for a possible fraudulent transaction. The user device location may be predicted based on a last known location and information about the area of the last known location and movement of the user device.

Abstract: Provided is a method for digital assets transfer or smart contract state transition on a distributed ledger using a snapshot chain that comprises a series of snapshot blocks linked by hash reference. The distributed ledger comprises a plurality of accounts, each account having an account chain comprising a series of blocks linked by hash reference. The global consensus of the distributed ledger is recorded in the snapshot chain.

Abstract: Technologies related to mobile credit payment are disclosed. In an implementation, a first SNEP Get Request Message is generated and sent to a mobile computing device, in response to a NFC signal received from the mobile computing device. A first SNEP Response Message is received from the mobile computing device and parsed to identify an APP public key license. A pre-stored credit authorization public key is used to verify the APP public key license and an APP public key is retrieved from the APP public key license if the verification is successful. A second SNEP Get Request Message is sent to the mobile computing device and a second SNEP Response Message is received from the mobile computing device. The APP public key is then used to decrypt the second SNEP Response Message, and a transaction log is recorded if the second SNEP Response Message is successfully decrypted.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for real-time fraudulent activity verification, comprising: displaying, on a user device, a first notification which prompts entry of a user-selected geographic area, the user-selected geographic area defining a valid region for processing of transactions associated with a user; receiving, by the user device, user-defined geographic data, the user-defined geographic data specifying at least one user-selected geographic area and defining the valid region for processing of transactions; transmitting, by the user device, the user-defined geographic data along with user data, the user data identifying the user device or the user; receiving, the user device, a second notification, the second notification being an authentication request message received in response to a proposed transaction associated with a user identifier related to the user; displaying, by the user device, the second notification; receiving, by the user device, user-provided authentication data; and transmitting, by

Abstract: Embodiments provide payment methods, server systems and devices for dynamically adapting a timeout period. The method includes receiving, by a server system associated with a payment network, a payment transaction request from a merchant interface. The payment transaction request includes a payment information and a payment card information of a user. After receiving the payment transaction request, a plurality of authentication options may be presented to the user for authenticating the payment transaction. The user may select an authentication option from the plurality of authentication options. A timeout period for authenticating a payment transaction is determined based on the authentication option selected by the user. The timeout period is determined using a set of predefined rules. Moreover, the timeout period may be dynamically adapted based on the authentication option and one or more of a plurality of timers, a plurality of usage analytics data and a user profile information.

Abstract: Methods and systems are presented for providing concurrent data retrieval and risk processing while evaluating a risk source of an online service provider. Upon receiving a request to evaluate the risk source, a risk analysis module may initiate one or more risk evaluation sub-processes to evaluate the risk source. Each risk evaluation sub-process may require different data related to the risk source to perform the evaluation. The risk analysis module may simultaneously retrieve the data related to the risk source and perform the one or more risk evaluation sub-processes such that the risk analysis module may complete a risk evaluation sub-process whenever the data required by the risk evaluation sub-process is made available.

Abstract: Systems and methods for user identity authentication, for example in know your customer (KYC) procedures are described.

Abstract: The present application discloses methods and devices for providing risk information. A risk factor corresponding to a risk control decision result of a service that matches service data for a corresponding risk factor is determined. The risk factors are associated with risk control rules and a risk control model identifying relationships between risk factors and risk control decision results. A risk information set corresponding to the risk factor is determined that includes levels of risk information having different refinement degrees and including information explaining a cause of the risk control decision result. The levels of risk information are determined from the levels of risk information based on a risk information requirement level of a service owner of the service. The levels of risk information have refinement degrees matching the risk information requirement level of the service owner. The levels of risk information are provided to the service owner.

Abstract: A method for fraud modeling based on shared computing device usage includes: storing transaction data entries, each including a transaction date and/or time, account identifier, and device identifier associated with a computing device; receiving a transaction message for a payment transaction, the transaction message including a specific device identifier, primary account number, and additional transaction data; identifying transaction data entries where the included device identifier corresponds to the specific device identifier; determining a fraud risk rating based on a number of unique account identifiers included in the identified transaction data entries over a predetermined period of time; and transmitting the transaction message and the determined fraud risk rating to a financial institution associated with the primary account number.

Abstract: A user device is associated with a dynamic trust score that may be updated as needed, where the trust score and the updates are based on various activities and information associated with the mobile device. The trust score is based on both parameters of the device, such as device type, registered device location, device phone number, device ID, the last time the device has been accessed, etc. and activities the device engages in, such as amount of transactions, dollar amount of transactions, amount of denied requests, amount of approved requests, location of requests, etc. Based on a transaction request from the user device, the trust score and a network reputation score is used to determine an overall trust/fraud score associated with the transaction request.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure involve systems, methods, devices, and the like for performing electronic transactions. In one embodiment, a system and method are introduced which enable the use of a temporary notification for use in processing the electronic transaction. The temporary notification may arrive in the form a temporary CVV using tokenization rails and used for the verification and authorization of the electronic transaction.

Abstract: A method of a secure transaction without physical support of a security identifier and without a token includes recording on a biometric server a biometric profile linked intrinsically to a unique user, the profile being associated with at least one service identifier, recorded on a server distinct from the biometric server, the service identifier being accessible by the user, and during a transaction, acquiring the biometric profile of a user, in transmitting it to the biometric server for comparison with the biometric profiles recorded and in searching for a service associated with the profile and activating it on the service server. The step of recording a new user includes the time of receipt by a central server of a profile, the execution of a step of generating a temporary master random key.

Abstract: Customer relationship management (“CRM”) implemented in a computer system, including establishing by the computer system, upon a first communications contact between a tele-agent and a customer representative, as structure of computer memory of the computer system, a communications session; and administering by the computer system through the communications session across communications platforms a sequence of communications contacts, including the first contact and also subsequent communications contacts, between the tele-agent and the customer representative.

Abstract: A method of summarizing the terms and conditions of a customer agreement using the artificial intelligence of a computer system that receives a plurality of sets of terms and conditions for customer agreements. The artificial intelligence of the computer system also receives customer feedback on the plurality of sets of terms and conditions. The artificial intelligence trains to become a smart summarizer configured to summarize aspects of the plurality of sets of terms and conditions based on the customer feedback. The smart summarizer receives a new set of terms and conditions for a customer agreement. The smart summarizer creates a summary of the new set of terms and conditions. The smart summarizer outputs the summary in a human-readable format. The summary may be sent to a customer who is subject to the terms and conditions.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes tracking usage history of a plurality of components of one or more products. An original set of announcements about the one or more products is received, where the original set of announcements includes a plurality of announcement records. The plurality of announcement records are prioritized based on the usage history of the plurality of components. A usage-based set of announcements is generated based on the prioritization of the plurality of announcement records.

Abstract: A support assessment system and method generate metrics to assess the quality, effectiveness, process adherence, or the like of customer support interactions. These metrics may be generated based at least in part on one or more support assessment models to provide objective measures of the customer support interactions. The support assessment models may be trained on training data based on a set of support conversations and indication of the metrics that are to result from those support conversations. The support assessment models may be any variety of machine learning models, such as neural network models. The objective measures generated by the support assessment models may further be used to recommend process changes, add or discontinue products or services, make assessments of customer support resources, and/or generate customer support training materials.

Abstract: A cloud services composition system allows customers to interactively create service constructs from network function virtualization resources. The network function virtualization primitives are modeled using a standard modeling language. An expert system suggests network function virtualization resources for use in the service construct, based on an expert system learning algorithm. The customer uses a graphical user interface to interconnect the resources and create the service construct. The process may involve collaboration with the network provider. The resulting construct is validated for use in a communications network.

Abstract: A method in one embodiment comprises receiving at least one new authoritative source, accessing a plurality of existing controls and a plurality of existing authoritative sources, converting a data structure of the at least one new authoritative source and data structures of the plurality of existing controls and existing authoritative sources into a plurality of vector representations, using the plurality of vector representations to compute similarities between the at least one new authoritative source and at least a subset of the plurality of existing controls and existing authoritative sources, generating a plurality of candidate controls for mapping to the at least one new authoritative source, and transmitting to a user a recommendation identifying a proposed mapping of one or more of the plurality of candidate controls to the at least one new authoritative source.