Abstract: A composition and method for dispersing sulfur, cleaning sulfur deposits, and minimizing foaming in an aqueous system is disclosed. The method may include adding a first sulfur dispersant to process water containing sulfur and dispersing the sulfur. The first sulfur dispersant may include a C5-C25 alkyl polyglycoside. A second sulfur dispersant may also be added to the process water. The second sulfur dispersant may include a polymer of acrylic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid.

Abstract: A ballast water treatment device includes an oxidant supply amount control device in which a storage unit stores a relationship between an absorbance of a raw water for a ballast and a dissolved organic carbon concentration thereof and another relationship between the dissolved concentration and a residual oxidant concentration required after a predetermined time from an oxidant supply, to kill organisms and to suppress their regrowth in the ballast. A calculation unit derives the required residual oxidant concentration corresponding to the absorbance measured by a meter by referring to the relationships and calculates a target oxidant supply amount using the required residual oxidant concentration. For the target, a control unit controls an oxidant supply device.

Abstract: A water purification device is provided in the form of a hydrogel matrix containing immobilized nanoparticles that are directly synthesized in-situ in the hydrogel matrix. The hydrogel matrix is temperature sensitive, such that swelling draws in pollutants that are captured by the nanoparticles, while deswelling releases purified water. A related method of decontaminating the water supply contaminated with a target pollutant is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for treating sulfide in an aqueous fluid comprises contacting the fluid with an oxidizer in the presence of a sulfur dye or sulfurized vat dye. In one embodiment, the method comprises treating sulfide contaminated water by contacting the contaminated water with a gas including oxygen in the presence of a sulfur dye or a sulfurized vat dye. The method is useful for remediating industrial, agricultural, and municipal wastewater.

Abstract: A system and method of treating wastewater. In one embodiment, the system comprises a biological reactor fluidly connected to a source of wastewater and having a treated wastewater outlet, a fixed film biological reactor connected to the source of wastewater and having a fixed film effluent outlet, and a ballasted system fluidly connected to the fixed film effluent outlet. The ballasted system may comprise a ballast reactor tank configured to provide a ballasted effluent, and a source of ballast material fluidly connected to an inlet of the ballast reactor tank. The system may further comprise a bypass line having an inlet fluidly connected to the source of wastewater, a first outlet fluidly connected to the ballasted system, and a second outlet fluidly connected to the fixed film biological reactor, the bypass line configured to bypass the fixed film biological reactor.

Abstract: A mobile water treatment system and method, of which the system includes a bioreactor including an aerator tank configured to receive an influent fluid, a conical clarifier positioned in the aerator tank, the conical clarifier defining a downwardly-facing opening. An interior of the conical clarifier is in communication with the aerator tank, external to the conical clarifier, via the downwardly-facing opening. The bioreactor also includes a plurality of aeration vents positioned proximal to a bottom of the tank and configured to direct air into the aerator tank, but not toward a bottom of the conical clarifier, and an effluent outlet positioned in the conical clarifier. A relatively clean effluent fluid, in comparison to the influent fluid in the aerator tank, exits from the conical clarifier via the effluent outlet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating industrial water containing organic matter, said method comprising: a step of physical separation producing wastes and an effluent; a step of adsorption of at least one part of said organic matter present in said effluent on at least one adsorbent resin chosen from the group comprising the non-ionic cross-linked resins and the microporous carbon resins; a step of reverse osmosis filtration downstream from said adsorption step.

Abstract: The invention discloses and claims various methods for the treatment of various wastewater streams of varying chemical composition using sonication in combination with a variety of other methods, including nucleation, ozonation, flocculation, clarification, adsorption, polishing, and filtration. The methods disclosed and claimed are useful in the treatment of industrial wastewater, brackish water, seawater, and for the treatment of oil and gas-well water as well as wastewater from hydraulic gas-fracturing processes for the production of oil and natural gas.

Abstract: This Adaptive Catalytic Technology (ACT) water treatment invention uses a series of integrated sequential modular advanced technologies to treat and eliminate or reduce suspended solids, hardness, heavy metals, organic compounds and microorganisms and to provide good tasting chlorine-free sanitized drinking water. The advanced technologies used herein are specifically designed to provide synergistic benefits that minimizes power consumption while improving the overall treatment effectiveness, making it possible to provide a cost effective and sustainable ACT water treatment for point of use drinking water supply for remote or developing areas, as well as residential, commercial, and industrial applications. The advanced technologies employed are environmentally friendly and safe.

Abstract: A portable liquid filtration device includes a GPS tracking unit, a portable housing, an inlet configured to receive non-potable water, and an ozone chamber positioned within the portable housing. The ozone chamber is configured to generate an ozone gas from received air. The device also includes a filtration duct positioned within the portable housing and downstream from the inlet. The filtration duct includes at least one advanced oxidation (AO) chamber configured to mix the received water with the ozone gas, and at least one ultraviolet (UV) chamber downstream from the at least one AO chamber and including a UV lamp positioned adjacent the water within the filtration duct. The device further includes an outlet positioned on the portable housing and downstream from the filtration duct. The filtration duct is operable to output at least 400 liters per hour of the received water from the outlet as potable water.

Abstract: A method and system comprising use of chlorine dioxide to alter the particle size distribution and facilitate removal of water from wastewater, for example sludge or biosolids. The method uses chlorine dioxide to alter the rheology of the wastewater to improve the efficiency of drying the wastewater, to meet regulatory standards for beneficial use or energy production.

Abstract: A system for preheating batch materials in a glass melting furnace includes a preheater having an outlet through which fluid is exhausted and an inlet that receives fluids exhausted from the furnace and recirculated from the preheater outlet. In one embodiment, a cyclonic separator has an inlet in communication with the preheater outlet and an outlet in fluid communication with a fan. A controller controls the speed of the fan responsive to a drop in pressure between the separator inlet and outlet and a temperature at the separator outlet. In other embodiments, controllers control valves that (i) control the amount of fluids exhausted from the preheater that are delivered to a flue and recirculated to the preheater or (ii) control the amount of fluids diverted to charger for the furnace, in response to temperatures in a duct coupled to the preheater inlet.

Abstract: A technical object of the present invention is to devise a glass substrate that is suitable for supporting a substrate to be processed to be subjected to high-density wiring and enables correct recognition of production information and the like, and a laminate using the glass substrate. In order to achieve the technical object, the glass substrate of the present invention has a total thickness variation of less than 2.0 ?m and includes an information identification part formed of a plurality of dots.

Abstract: A method is provided for aligning scoring tools and for scoring glass, in particular thin glass, along predetermined scoring lines in preparation for breaking along the score. Glass substrates, in particular thin glass substrates, produced by such method are also provided. The method includes the determination of the actual orientation of the cutting edge of the scoring tool and aligning of the cutting edge to a target orientation of the cutting edge.

Abstract: A borosilicate glass for a pharmaceutical container includes SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, and R2O (R is one or more kinds selected from Li, Na, and K) as essential components, in which a content of CaO is equal to or greater than 0 and smaller than 0.5 mol %, a value of (Na2O+K2O+Li2O—Al2O3)/B2O3 is 0.315 to 0.350 in terms of a molar ratio, and BaO is not substantially included.

Abstract: A pink aluminosilicate glass, comprising: a glass former, a network intermediate oxide, a network modifier oxide, a network former oxide, a network modifier, a colorant and a clarificant, wherein the glass former is SiO2, the network modifier oxide is CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O, the network former oxide is B2O3, and the network modifier is ZrO2 and SrO. This glass is pink in visible light, has a good visual effect, and has a relatively high thermal stability, and can improve the usage safety in harsh working environments.

Abstract: A seal composition includes a first alkaline earth metal oxide, a second alkaline earth metal oxide which is different from the first alkaline earth metal oxide, aluminum oxide, and silica in an amount such that molar percent of silica in the composition is at least five molar percent greater than two times a combined molar percent of the first alkaline earth metal oxide and the second alkaline earth metal oxide. The composition is substantially free of phosphorus oxide. The seal composition forms a glass ceramic seal which includes silica containing glass cores located in a crystalline matrix comprising barium aluminosilicate, and calcium aluminosilicate crystals located in the glass cores.

Abstract: Provided are a high-performance glass fiber composition, and a glass fiber and composite material thereof. The content, given in weight percentage, of each component of the glass fibre composition is as follows: 52-64% of SiO2, 12-24% of Al2O3, 0.05-8% of Y2O3+La2O3+Gd2O3, less than 2.5% of Li2O+Na2O+K2O, more than 1% of K2O, 10-24% of CaO+MgO+SrO, 2-14% of CaO, less than 13% of MgO, less than 2% of TiO2, and less than 1.5% of Fe2O3. The composition significantly increases the mechanical strength and the elastic modulus of glass, significantly reduces the liquidus temperature and the forming temperature of glass, and under equal conditions, significantly reduces the crystallization rate, the surface tension and the bubble rate of glass. The composition is particularly suitable for the tank furnace production of a high-strength high-modulus glass fiber having a low bubble rate.

Abstract: The invention discloses a roll film coating device for photovoltaic glass coated with an AR coating liquid, which comprises a frame, a support roller is arranged on the upper end of the frame, and the upper end of the support roller is provided with a glass to be processed, and the frame is The middle part is provided with a column, a slide rail is arranged at the upper end of the column, and a plurality of movable bearing seats are installed in the slide rail. The column is driven by a screw to move the movable bearing seat, and the column passes left to right through the movable bearing. The seat is provided with a front roller, a rear roller and a compaction roller in this order. The coating device designed in the present invention can enhance the uniformity of glue coverage and prevent the local generation of droplets, and is suitable for the mass production of laminated photovoltaic glass. The increase of production efficiency and production quality has high practical value.

Abstract: There are provided coated articles that include two or more infrared (IR) reflecting layers (e.g., of or including NbZr, Nb, NiCr, NiCrMo, and/or a nitride thereof) sandwiched between at least dielectric layers, and/or a method of making the same. The coating may be designed so that the coated articles realize blue glass side reflective coloration in combination with a low glass side visible reflectance, acceptable film side coloration, and low solar factor (SF) and/or a low solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC). Such coated articles may be used in the context of monolithic windows, insulating glass (IG) window units, laminated windows, and/or other suitable applications, and may optionally be heat treated (e.g., thermally tempered) in certain instances.

Abstract: A coated article is provided with at least one infrared (IR) reflecting layer. The IR reflecting layer may be of silver or the like. In certain example embodiments, a titanium oxide layer is provided over the IR reflecting layer, and it has been found that this surprisingly results in an IR reflecting layer with a lower specific resistivity (SR) thereby permitting thermal properties of the coated article to be improved.

Abstract: There are provided coated articles that include two or more infrared (IR) reflecting layers (e.g., of or including NbZr, Nb, NiCr, NiCrMo, and/or a nitride thereof) sandwiched between at least dielectric layers, and/or a method of making the same. The coating may be designed so that the coated articles realize green glass side reflective coloration in combination with a low solar factor (SF) and/or a low solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC). Such coated articles may be used in the context of monolithic windows, insulating glass (IG) window units, laminated windows, and/or other suitable applications, and may optionally be heat treated (e.g., thermally tempered) in certain instances.

Abstract: A laminated glass article having a core layer made from a glass that is not ion-exchangeable, and a clad layer made from a glass that is ion-exchangeable. The laminated glass article has a maximum compressive stress in the clad layer from about 0.05 GPa to about 0.7 GPa, and a compressive stress at an inner surface of the clad layer directly adjacent to the core layer from about 20% to about 45% of a compressive stress at an outer surface of the clad layer. A slope of a stress profile in the clad layer is substantially linear. Methods for manufactured such a laminated glass article also are disclosed.

Abstract: According to embodiments disclosed herein, an apparatus may hold and retain glass articles during processing. The apparatus may define a plurality of receiving volumes for holding glass articles. The apparatus may include a bottom support floor, a glassware-securing member positioned above the bottom support floor, and a cover plate positioned above the glassware-securing member. The bottom support floor may include a plurality of fluid passages, the glassware-securing member may include a plurality of glassware-retaining openings, and the cover plate may include a plurality of fluid passages. Methods for the use of such apparatuses are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Methods for increasing the hydrolytic resistance of a glass article are disclosed. According to one embodiment, the method includes providing a glass article with a pre-treatment hydrolytic titration value. Thereafter, the glass article is thermally treated at a treatment temperature greater than a temperature 200 C less than a strain temperature of the glass article for a treatment time greater than or equal to about 0.25 hours such that, after thermally treating the glass article, the glass article has a post-treatment hydrolytic titration value that is less than the pre-treatment hydrolytic titration value.

Abstract: The present invention provides a surface-modified glass fiber film having its surface modified by a silicon-containing compound, and a value of a common flexural rigidity of the surface-modified glass fiber film as measured by the method described in JIS R 3420 is in the range of 3 to 100 times as compared to a value of the common flexural rigidity of an unmodified glass fiber film. There can be provided a surface-modified glass fiber film having a high strength, a high heat resistance, a good dimensional stability, a good self-supporting property, a low average linear expansion coefficient, a high storage rigidity at high temperature, and an excellent surface uniformity.

Abstract: A vacuum glass panel includes a first glass plate, a second glass plate facing the first glass plate, a frame member having a frame shape and bonding the first glass plate to the second glass plate, and a heat reflective film disposed on an inner surface of the first glass plate. A vacuum space is provided between the first glass plate and the second glass plate. The heat reflective film separates the first glass plate from the vacuum space without a gap. The frame member is in contact with the first glass plate.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing highly porous slake lime comprising a feeding step of quicklime, a feeding step of water in a feeding zone of a hydrator, a slaking step of said quicklime in a slaking zone of said hydrator and a maturation step in a maturation zone of said hydrator to form slaked lime.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing artificial crushed sand by means of a thermal treatment using sand in the form of fine sand (FS/FSa) and/or round sand as the starting material (1). The starting material (1) in variant A is heated to a melting temperature by bundling sun rays (13), and/or the starting material in variant B is heated to a melting temperature by using a conventional melting device which achieves its energy supply using converted or stored solar power, whereby each of a plurality of sand grains are melted together into a three-dimensional intermediate product (2). The intermediate product (2) produced in this manner is cooled and finally comminuted to a particle size of less than 2 mm in a comminuting process. An end product (3) is produced which differs from the starting material (1) with respect to the shape and surface roughness. The method offers a long-term solution for meeting the demand for crushed sand and provides sand for the construction industry.

Abstract: A method of making a structural lightweight and thermal insulating concrete is described. The concrete has a coarse aggregate partly replaced by recycled plastic pieces. This enables the concrete to maintain a high compressive strength, low thermal conductivity, and low weight, while providing a use for waste plastic. The waste plastic pieces may comprise polyethylene in the form of flakes, fibers, or granules. Due to its low unit weight, adequate compressive strength and high thermal resistance the developed concrete can be used as a structural lightweight and thermal insulating concrete. The use of this concrete leads to economic and environmental benefits.

Abstract: Asphalt binder compositions and methods for making such compositions with pure sterol:crude sterol blends. The sterol blends improve various rheological properties.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a processed asphalt suspension is provided. The method includes dry grinding shingle waste material to a particle size of less than 1 cm, forming ground recycled shingle material, introducing virgin asphalt into a heated slurry tank and mixing the ground recycled shingle material with the virgin asphalt in the heated slurry tank, forming a mixed asphalt slurry, introducing the mixed asphalt slurry into a wet grinding machine, and recovering a processed asphalt suspension comprising particles having a size no greater than about 200 microns. Roofing and paving products manufactured from the processed asphalt suspension are also provided.

Abstract: A concrete composition having, in a mixture with water, a hydraulic binder, sand, aggregates, an expanding agent and a shrinkage reducing admixture, wherein the expanding agent is calcium oxide having a low reactivity such that the concrete casted using the composition does not expand by more than 0.05 vol. % during the first 10 days, preferably not expanding more than 0.05 vol. % during the first 7 days, after having been cast.

Abstract: The invention relates to a construction unit made from various recyclable materials, for example, from recycled waste plasterboard from the construction industry or flue-gas gypsum which is a by-product from fossil-fueled power plants. The construction units are made from a raw mix comprising gypsum, clay and aggregate and methods of making construction units. The invention also relates to a raw mix for making a construction unit; a kit including a construction unit and mortar; and uses of the construction unit to form a structure.

Abstract: An apparatus, kit, and methods for forming a bead between bead-forming blocks having internal bead-forming channels are provided. The bead-forming channels of adjacent bead-forming blocks are slidably engaged to manipulate a measured amount of modeling compound between the bead-forming blocks and within an internal space between the opposing channels. In one embodiment, the bead-forming blocks maintain orientation with respect to an axis of travel based on a block guide. Further, the measured amount of modeling compound is determined using an integrated measuring feature coupled to at least one of the pair of bead-forming blocks. The internal volume of an integrated measuring feature corresponds to a threshold amount of modeling compound for manipulating between the pair of blocks and forming a bead while contacting at least a portion of the mated bead-forming channels. In further aspects, a molded bead may be coated with a multicomponent bead-coating mixture.

Abstract: A dielectric ceramic composition includes: Mg2SiO4 as main component; R-containing, Cu-containing, and B-containing compounds, and Li-containing glass, as sub-component. R is an alkaline earth metal. R-containing compound greater than or equal to 0.2 part by mass and less than or equal to 4.0 parts by mass, contained in terms of oxide, Cu-containing compound of greater than or equal to 0.5 part by mass and less than or equal to 3.0 parts by mass, contained in terms of oxide, and B-containing compound greater than or equal to 0.2 part by mass and less than or equal to 3.0 parts by mass, contained in terms of oxide, to 100 parts by mass of main component. Li-containing glass of greater than or equal to 2 parts by mass and less than or equal to 10 parts by mass contained to total a 100 parts by mass of main component, and sub-component excluding Li-containing glass.

Abstract: An oxide sintered body is provided which does not splash from the target surface even at the time of high power film formation, has a high film formation rate, and is used in a sputtering target capable of providing a high-refractive-index film. An oxide sintered body is used which contains zinc, niobium, aluminum and oxygen as constituent elements and in which Nb/(Zn+Nb+Al)=0.076 to 0.289 and Al/(Zn+Nb+Al)=0.006 to 0.031, where Zn, Nb and Al denote contents of zinc, niobium and aluminum, respectively.

Abstract: A ceramic device including a ceramic material, a patterned metal structure, and a surface activation material is provided. A surface of the ceramic material at least includes a first surface and a second surface that are not coplanar. The ceramic material has recesses on the surface thereof. The patterned metal structure is disposed on the first surface and the second surface. The surface activation material is disposed on a surface of the recesses and located at an interface between the ceramic material and the patterned metal structure.

Abstract: Provided is a large-sized silicon nitride sintered substrate and a method for producing the same. The silicon nitride sintered substrate has a main surface 101a of a shape larger than a square having a side of a length of 120 mm. A ratio dc/de of the density dc of the central area and the density de of the end area of the main surface 101a is 0.98 or higher. The void fraction vc of the central area of the main surface 101a is 1.80% or lower, and the void fraction ve of the end area is 1.00% or lower. It is preferred that the density dc of the central area is 3.120 g/cm3 or higher, the density de of the end area is 3.160 g/cm3 or higher, and a ratio ve/vc of the void fraction vc of the central area and the void fraction ve of the end area is 0.50 or higher.

Abstract: Articles and methods of making and using the articles are provided. The articles include inorganic agglomerates having an average dimension in a range from about 50 microns to about 2 mm. The porous agglomerates each include a network of carbon or silica, and metal oxide particles embedded in the network. Some agglomerates are capable of lowering a resonant frequency of an acoustic device when the resonant frequency is in a range from about 50 Hz to about 1500 Hz.

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel methods for producing highly porous ceramic and/or metal aerogel monolithic objects that are hard, sturdy, and resistant to high temperatures. These methods comprise preparing nanoparticulate oxides of metals and/or metalloids via a step of vigorous stirring to prevent gelation, preparing polymer-modified xerogel powder compositions by reacting said nanoparticulate oxides with one or more polyfunctional monomers, compressing said polymer-modified xerogel powder compositions into shaped compacts, and carbothermal conversion of the shaped xerogel compacts via pyrolysis to provide the highly porous ceramic and/or metal aerogel monolithic objects that have the same shapes as to their corresponding xerogel compact precursors. Representative of the highly porous ceramic and/or metal aerogel monolithic objects of the invention are ceramic and/or metal aerogels of Si, Zr, Hf, Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Au, and the like.

Abstract: A method includes forming a ceramic member that has a plurality of closed pores within a ceramic matrix. The forming includes compacting a ceramic powder to form intra-particle pores between particles of the ceramic powder, and sintering the compacted ceramic powder to cause diffusion of the ceramic powder and formation of the ceramic matrix. The diffusion does not fill the intra-particle pores and leaves the closed pores.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a cellular geopolymer product, which method comprises the steps: (a) forming an activated geopolymer premix by addition to a geopolymer premix of an activator compound that initiates a condensation reaction in the geopolymer premix; (b) casting the activated geopolymer premix in a desired configuration; and (c) generating gas bubbles in the activated geopolymer premix as the condensation reaction proceeds and the activated geopolymer premix stiffens to produce a self-supporting cellular structure; and (d) curing the self-supporting cellular structure to produce the cellular geopolymer product, wherein in step (c) the characteristics of the activated geopolymer premix and the reaction kinetics of the condensation reaction are controlled to achieve formation of the self-supporting cellular structure.

Abstract: A joint compound system includes a set-inhibited, pre-wetted, setting-type, ready-mix joint compound and a set initiator. The set-inhibited, pre-wetted, setting-type joint compound includes a ready-mixed, setting-type joint compound base with a calcium-free phosphate set preventing agent that impedes chemical hydration of a gypsum component of the setting-type joint compound. The joint compound base is free of calcium carbonate. The set initiator includes alum to reinitiate the chemical hydration reactions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high temperature and bright red ink-jet ink for ceramic decoration, its preparation method and application thereof. On the base that the existing ink-jet ink production process, ink-jet printing equipment and ink-jet printing process are not made major changes, high temperature bright red ink basic glaze powder composition, basic glaze frit powder composition, solvent composition, basic glaze powder and bright red pigment grinding method and particle size optimization, ink composition and processing methods are adjusted and optimized. Thus the performance of high temperature bright red ink can meet the requirement of the use of ink-jet printing machine, and after high temperature firing (1080° C.˜1230° C.), the surface decoration color of ceramic tile sprayed a single printed high temperature bright red is bright red, colorful, pure red, and at the superposing place with other color ink-jet printing ink, the color is bright, colorful, color gamut broad.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenation of an aromatic hydrocarbon including introducing a hydrocarbon feed comprising the aromatic hydrocarbon, a hydrogen feed comprising hydrogen, and a hydrogenation catalyst into a hydrogenation reactor operable with a liquid phase and a gas phase to produce a hydrogenation product; removing a gas phase product stream comprising the hydrogenation product; withdrawing a portion of the liquid phase; subjecting the withdrawn portion to heat exchange to provide a reduced-temperature withdrawn portion; introducing the reduced-temperature withdrawn portion back into the hydrogenation reactor; and at least one of: (a) providing at least two heat exchangers to effect the subjecting of the withdrawn portion of the liquid phase to heat exchange; (b) separating a decomposition product of the hydrogenation catalyst, the hydrogenation catalyst, or both, from the withdrawn portion of the liquid phase prior to the heat exchange; and (c) reducing exposure of the hydrogenation catalyst to an oxygen-co

Abstract: A process for producing ethylene comprising: (a) reacting a reactant mixture in a reactor to yield a product mixture, wherein the reactor comprises a catalyst, wherein the reactant mixture comprises ethane, oxygen, and a chlorine intermediate precursor, wherein the product mixture comprises ethylene, unreacted ethane, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, wherein the catalyst comprises a redox agent, an alkali metal, and a rare earth element; and (b) recovering at least a portion of the ethylene from the product mixture. The reacting in step (a) further comprises (i) contacting at least a portion of the chlorine intermediate precursor with the catalyst to form a chlorinated catalyst; (ii) allowing at least a portion of the chlorinated catalyst to generate a chlorine intermediate; and (iii) allowing at least a portion of the reactant mixture to react via the chlorine intermediate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (245cb), the process comprising gas phase catalytic dehydrochlorination of a composition comprising 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-dichloropropane (243db) to produce an intermediate composition comprising 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-chloro-prop-1-ene (CF3CCI?CH2, 1233xf), hydrogen chloride (HCI) and, optionally, air; and gas phase catalytic fluorination with hydrogen fluoride (HF) of the intermediate composition to produce a reactor product composition comprising 245cb, HF, HCI and air; wherein the process is carried out with a co-feed of air.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of methanol includes the steps of feeding a hydrogen-containing stream from a hydrogen recovery stage into a synthesis gas stream containing hydrogen and carbon oxides, and feeding the synthesis gas stream to a primary reactor stage for the catalytic and partial conversion of the synthesis gas stream into a gas mixture containing water, methanol, and residual gas, and further including the step of feeding a first portion of the residual gas to the hydrogen recovery stage for separation into the hydrogen-containing stream and a waste gas stream. The method is characterized in that a second portion of the residual gas is fed to a secondary reactor stage for further catalytic and at least partial conversion into a methanol-containing product stream.

Abstract: A method of producing a catalyst can include heating a hydrotalcite above a decomposition temperature, forming a decomposed hydrotalcite in response to the heating, combining the decomposed hydrotalcite with a metal salt to form a catalyst mixture, and heating the catalyst mixture to convert the metal salt to a metal oxide. The resulting metal oxide combined with the decomposed hydrotalcite forms the catalyst.