Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing a method for obtaining Schwann cells directly (by direct reprogramming) without passing through pluripotent stem cells, such as ES cells or iPS cells. As a means for solving this problem, the present invention provides a method for preparing Schwann cells that includes a step of introducing into somatic cells of a mammal at least one gene selected from the group consisting of SOX10 genes and KROX20 genes, or an expression product thereof.

Abstract: Subject of the invention is a medical implant comprising a fiber reinforced silicone comprising (A) a silicone matrix and (B) fibers embedded in the silicone matrix, wherein the fibers comprise a comb polymer having a base polymer and side chains, wherein the base polymer is an organic polymer and the side chains comprise polysiloxanes. The invention also relates to outer shells of breast implants and uses and methods.

Abstract: A medical implant is disclosed. The medical implant includes: a first biocompatible metal forming a substrate (210, 310, 410), a second biocompatible metal diffused into the first biocompatible metal to form an biocompatible alloy surface (220, 314, 414), the alloy surface further including a diffusion hardening species, wherein the diffusion hardening species may be carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, boron, or any combination thereof. A method of forming a medical implant is also disclosed. The method includes the steps of: providing a first biocompatible metal or alloy that forms a substrate (210, 310, 410), providing a second biocompatible metal or alloy, diffusing the second biocompatible metal into the first biocompatible metal to form an alloy layer (220, 314, 414), removing excess second metal material from the substrate to expose the alloy layer, and diffusion hardening the alloy layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a medical device (9) comprising a porous structure (1), wherein a configuration of the porous structure (1) varies in dependence on a load applied to the porous structure (1), such that the porous structure (1) has a first configuration when the load is of a first magnitude, and has a second configuration when the load is of a second magnitude greater than the first magnitude. The porous structure (1) comprises a first surface portion (2) and a second surface portion (3). The first surface portion (2) is disengaged from the second surface portion (3) when the porous structure (1) has the first configuration, and is engaged with the second surface (3) portion when the porous structure (1) has the second configuration.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for treatment of nonvascular body lumen strictures such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urethral strictures, ureteral strictures, prostate cancer, esophageal strictures, sinus strictures, biliary tract strictures, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The method involves delivering, preferably via drug coated balloon catheters, of anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative drugs (rapamycin or paclitaxel and their analogues) and one or more additives.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process for preparation of a balloon expandable biodegradable polymer stent with thin struts (strut thickness 130 ?m or less, preferably 100-110 ?m) with high fatigue and radial strength. The invention discloses a process for the preparation of a biodegradable polymer stent which involves radially deforming the biodegradable polymer tube by applying pressure to it with an inert gas at a predefined temperature in multiple stages with each successive stage having a pressure higher than the pressure applied in a previous stage. The process further involves maintaining the predefined temperature and pressure conditions of each stage for a specified time period after application of the pressure.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a medical device assembly comprising an expandable medical device wrapped with an improved constraining sleeve. The sleeve in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure is thin walled and translucent, having reduced edge sharpness. The sleeve in accordance with the present disclosure exhibits resistance to ripping and delamination. Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods of making sheet material usable for constraining sleeves from flattened film tubes. Methods for making improved constraining sleeves and medical device assemblies that comprise an improved constraining sleeve are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an appliance for administering medical treatment to a person, as well as methods of using the appliance. In various embodiments, the appliance may be comprised of a medical device, an electronic processor, an electronic display (such as a liquid crystal display (LCD)), an audio output device (such as a piezoelectric speaker/microphone), electronic controls for controlling the operation of the electronic processor, and an electronic input receptacle (such as a DVD drive or USB port) adapted to receive and electronically access an electronic storage device (such as a DVD or flash memory device). The electronic processor or electronic storage device or both have information related to use and operation of the medical device digitally stored therein, so that the user of the appliance has ready access to instructional materials. Thus, the appliance includes an internal system for instructing the user in the use of the medical device.

Abstract: A hand piece having an irrigation portion and an aspiration portion that are releasably coupled is disclosed. In an assembled configuration, the irrigation portion and the aspiration portion are coupled such that the hand piece may be manipulable by a user as a single unit. In a separated configuration, the irrigation portion and the aspiration portion may be utilized separate from each other. The irrigation portion and the aspiration portion may be freely moved between the assembled configuration and the separated configuration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vacuum sponge unit (2) for use in human or animal bodies, comprising a fluid collecting member (10), in particular a sponge unit, and a fluid communication member (20), in particular a drainage tube, which is disposed at least partially in the fluid collecting member (10) and is connected in fluidic communication to the fluid collecting member (10). In order to improve known devises, the inventions proposed developing the vacuum sponge unit (2) such that the fluid collecting member (10) has a channel (11) for guiding a guide member (3), in particular a guide wire, and/or a delivery member (4), in particular a probe unit and/or an endoscope, through the fluid collecting member (10).

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for delivering at least one agent to a wound site. The method includes the steps of providing a delivery tube having an outlet at a wound site, covering the wound site with a drape and introducing agent at an agent inlet port of the delivery tube. The agent passes along the delivery tube through the drape to the wound site. The agent can be a wide variety or mixture of fluids such as but not limited to pain relief medicament, anti-biotics, saline solution and/or hydrating fluid.

Abstract: A device that helps clear a fluid or other material lodged in a person's throat has a barrel with an open proximal end and an opening laden distal end. A plunger is slidably disposed within the barrel such that the plunger, by being manually drawn outwardly, creates suction within the barrel drawing air through the opening. A single or multi-section tube, flexible on at least its distal end, is fluid flow connected to the opening and has a face mask along its length. The distal end of the tube is intubated with a person proximate the fluid or other material so that as the plunger is drawn outwardly through the barrel, the suction created within the barrel causes air to be drawing in through the tube and into the barrel thereby helping draw out and dislodge the fluid or other material. A backflow valve located on the barrel helps clear the barrel of such things as vomit that might have been drawn into the barrel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multiple bag system for fractionating a fluid, including a fluid collecting bag with at least one outlet port; at least first and second sampling bags, each having at least one inlet port and at least one outlet port; and a mechanism for transferring fluid from the fluid collecting bag to the sampling bags. The fluid transfer mechanism includes an acoustic sorter. Also disclosed is a method for fractionating a fluid into fluid products.

Abstract: A method for treating a patient may include establishing an anastomosis between a pulmonary artery and an aorta; and pumping blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta when the pulmonary artery has a pressure lower than or equal to a pressure of the aorta.

Abstract: A method of detecting a suction condition during operation of a rotary blood pump with an inlet connected to a ventricle of the heart of a patient, an outlet connected to an artery of the patient, a rotor, and a control circuit configured maintain the rotor at a set rotational speed. The method includes measuring the rotational speed of the rotor at a plurality of times during each of a plurality of speed measurement intervals. A speed range is determined between a minimum measured speed and a maximum measured speed during each of the plurality of speed measurement intervals. At least one additional parameter relating to the operation of the blood pump is derived. A suction detection signal is generated if both at least one determined speed range is above a speed range limit and the at least one additional parameter is indicative of a suction condition.

Abstract: An electrical sensor for sensing electromagnetic properties of process fluids in a dialysis machine or a similar medical device can include a probe for interfacing with the fluids that is made from electronic fabric materials. The electronic fabric probe can include one or more conductors embedded in a non-conductive fabric layer. The electronic fabric probe is accommodated an enclosure which establishes a flow path with respect to the probe to establish fluid contact between the process fluids and the conductors. The conductors can apply or sense current and/or voltage with respect to the fluid. A portion of the electronic fabric probe can be disposed externally of the enclosure to provide electronic communication externally of the enclosure.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis system includes a base peritoneal dialysis system and a peritoneal dialysis fluid exchange system that operates independently of the base system. The base system includes a first cassette including a first patient line configured to be connected to a patient, and a PD cycler. The PD cycler receives the first cassette, and includes a pump that cooperates with the first cassette to deliver dialysate to and drain dialysate from a peritoneal cavity of the patient via the first patient line. The peritoneal dialysis fluid exchange system includes a second cassette including a second patient line configured to be connected to the patient and a fluid exchange device that receives the second cassette. The fluid exchange device includes a data exchange interface operable to transfer patient treatment data from the peritoneal dialysis fluid exchange system to the base peritoneal dialysis system.

Abstract: A whole blood hollow fiber membrane filter medium is made of a polymeric material having pores of a pore size that ensures permeability to blood plasma or serum but retains blood cells. The whole blood hollow fiber membrane filter medium is used for filtering a whole blood sample so that blood plasma or serum passes through the whole blood hollow fiber membrane filter medium and blood cells are retained. The obtained blood plasma shows no hemolysis.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates, in part, to a kit including at least two prefilled syringes. The first prefilled syringe includes a dose of a hazardous agent in a first volume of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent.

Abstract: An access port for subcutaneous implantation is disclosed. Such an access port may comprise a body for capturing a septum for repeatedly inserting a needle therethrough into a cavity defined within the body. Further, the access port may include at least one feature structured and configured for identification of the access port subsequent to subcutaneous implantation. Methods of identifying a subcutaneously implanted access port are also disclosed. For example, a subcutaneously implanted access port may be provided and at least one feature of the subcutaneously implanted access port may be perceived. Further, the subcutaneously implanted access port may be identified in response to perceiving the at least one feature.

Abstract: A patient care system is configured for infusing fluid to a patient. The system includes a plurality of modular fluid infusion pumps that each has a connector for connecting to a modular programming unit or to one another. Systems and methods are configured for verifying that the connectors are reliably performing their functions or communicatively connecting the pumps to one another or to the programming unit.

Abstract: An ambulatory infusing device including a housing, a reservoir defining an interior volume, a wall associated with the housing and having an inner surface that faces into the reservoir interior volume, and a filter assembly. The filter assembly may include a filter assembly housing with a housing filter portion having a free end associated with the inner surface of the wall and a filter supporting volume that extends to the free end of the housing filter portion, and a filter located within the filter supporting volume that extends to at least the free end of the housing filter portion.

Abstract: A rotary pump for a fluid metering system is provided. The rotary pump reciprocates, and is reversed by a signal from a limit switch that is deflected by an actuator arm on a rotating sleeve of the pump system.

Abstract: Methods and systems for encouraging interactions with a glucose monitoring system include incrementing a score and/or providing a reward based on a variety of different interactions with the glucose monitoring system. The interactions which improve the score may include initiating or changing displays, downloading data, setting operational parameters and other interactions that are independent of a user's glucose measurements. Encouraging these interactions can enhance success in maintaining healthy glucose concentrations.

Abstract: A system for controlling a state of anesthesia of a patient. The system includes a neural sensor configured to be coupled to a patient and generate an output signal indicative of neural activity of the patient; and an electronic processor. The electronic processor is coupled to the neural sensor and to an infusion pump, and is configured to receive the output signal from the neural sensor, estimate a drug concentration of the patient based on a model including a first model parameter, and estimate a second model parameter based on the output signal from the neural sensor. The electronic processor is also configured to update the model for estimating the drug concentration of the patient with the second model parameter, and output control signals to the infusion pump to deliver a drug, the output signals being based on the estimated drug concentration for the patient and estimates of the parameters.

Abstract: A molding tool, a method, and an apparatus for hot forming of glass are provided that provide glass products used for pharmaceutical packaging. The molding tool includes a forming mandrel for reshaping at least a portion of a heated region of a glass precursor. The mandrel has a temperature-stable core material and an alloying element. The core material is made of precious metals, in particular of platinum group elements, and the further alloying element is made of one of tungsten, zirconium, rhodium, molybdenum, and rhenium.

Abstract: Described is an actuation mechanism for a medicament delivery device having a needle with a distal tip. The actuation mechanism comprises an outer sleeve telescopically relative to the delivery device and an inner sleeve telescopically arranged relative to the outer sleeve. The outer sleeve is axially translatable relative to the delivery device, and the inner sleeve is axially translatable relative to the outer sleeve. In a first state, the inner sleeve protrudes distally from the outer sleeve and the outer sleeve protrudes distally from the delivery device. In a second state, the inner sleeve is contained within the outer sleeve. Movement of the outer sleeve proximally relative to the delivery device in the second state initiates delivery of a medicament in the delivery device.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed towards a needleless injection device including an injection system which includes at least one injection nozzle which delimits at least one injection channel, and which is axially delimited by an upper face arranged facing the lower face of the reservoir, and a lower face adapted to cooperate with a cap, and an upper sealing gasket which extends around the at least one channel and which is housed in an upper groove formed on the upper face of the nozzle, and the upper gasket has a wave-shaped radial section which comprises successively, along a radial direction, a recessed portion and a bump portion, said bump portion being adapted to be lying toward the recessed portion provided to this end, under the effect of the axial pressure exerted by the lower face of the reservoir on said sealing gasket.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a drug delivery device for dispensing a liquid drug through a needle with a proximal and a distal needle tip, comprising a body, a needle holder holding the needle relative to the body, a cartridge holder holding a cartridge comprising the liquid drug sealed with a septum on a distal end and with a movable stopper on a proximal end, and a cap adapted to cover at least the distal needle tip of the needle, wherein the cartridge holder is movable relative to the body from a retracted position towards an advanced position, thereby piercing the proximal needle tipthrough the septum, characterized in that the cap is releasably engaged with the cartridge holder, wherein the cap is released from the cartridge holder in its advanced position.

Abstract: A piston head for a syringe pump comprises a barrier portion (11) for driving fluid through a syringe pump barrel (30), wherein a peripheral section (13,14) of the barrier portion (11) is shaped to seal against the syringe pump barrel (30); and a re-silent member (15) arranged to resist deformation of the shaped peripheral section (13,14) of the barrier portion (11).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a delivery device for delivering predetermined amounts of fluid, comprising a body (10), a container (16) filled with fluid to be delivered arranged inside said body, said container comprising an opening for expelling said fluid and a wall (18) movable inside said container (16), a threaded plunger rod (46) arranged movable inside said body (10) in the longitudinal direction and in contact with said movable wall (18), a manually operated push means (14, 60) movable in the longitudinal direction capable of, upon operation, move said plunger rod (46) towards said movable wall (18), thereby expelling fluid, and means for transforming a generally linear movement of said push means (14, 60) to a rotational movement of said plunger rod (46).

Abstract: A syringe is provided that includes a tubular body having a top end and a bottom end; a barrel portion having an orifice at a top end of the barrel portion for dispensing a fluid, the tubular body rotatably coupled to the top end of the tubular body; and a plunger body disposed within a bore of the barrel portion and within the tubular body, the plunger body includes a threaded portion that engages threads within the tubular body that cause the plunger body to move vertically within the bore of the barrel between a retracted position and a fully extended position with a twisting of the barrel portion.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical syringe unit is configured to be mounted to a pharmaceutical injection device main body and hold a pharmaceutical-filled pharmaceutical syringe, in order to mount the pharmaceutical syringe to a pharmaceutical injection device, wherein a syringe cover is configured to slide forward and backward with respect to a distal end cap by operation of the pharmaceutical injection device main body, thereby allowing movement between a needle insertion position at which insertion of an injection needle into a target is to be completed, and a needle withdrawal position at which withdrawal of the injection needle from the target is to be completed, and a guide component is configured to guide the syringe cover over a range that is greater than a distance between the needle insertion position and the needle withdrawal position.

Abstract: An automatic retractable syringe comprised of a syringe inside a compressed spring loaded locking safety sheath that moves into a protective position over the needle of the syringe that is triggered by the depression of the plunger, causing the positional locking mechanism to displace from its initial position and activate a compressed spring that expands, moving the locking safety sheath into its protective position and locks the sheath, preventing further movement of the locking safety sheath. An optional fusing system acts to permanently fix the locking mechanism in place to further secure the locking safety sheath in the protective position.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for applying an anesthetic includes a receptacle having an upper end, a substantially hollow interior, a lower end having a tube or nozzle extending therefrom, and an attachment for attaching to the barrel of a syringe or vice versa. The receptacle receives a container or canister containing an endothermic gas or vapor(propellant) that rapidly absorbs heat when released to the atmosphere. A depressible actuating member or trigger propels the gas or vapor through an outlet nozzle that is oriented to project a stream of gas or vapor along a delivery axis that intersects a delivery axis of the needle, therefore, the gas or vapor can be successively delivered to an injection site with minimal repositioning of the housing.

Abstract: A drug delivery device includes a piston rod which extends along a longitudinal axis of the drug delivery device, wherein the piston rod is adapted to apply an axial load in the distal direction to a cartridge bung in order to dispense a medicament contained in the cartridge. In order to improve the convenience of the injection process and to mitigate the risk of underdosing due to a blocked needle a cartridge bung load indicator is provided, located at the distal end of the piston rod and adapted to abut against the cartridge bung, wherein the cartridge bung load indicator comprises an indicator element that audibly, tangibly and/or visually indicates a load state of the piston rod to the user.

Abstract: A decongesting device for infants includes a main body in the form of a child pacifier having a shield and a nipple extending outward from one side thereof. One or more ointment chambers having a body section and a child-resistant cap are permanently or removably secured to the shield on an opposite side of the nipple. The chamber including a hollow interior section for receiving a medicated ointment and a plurality of openings for disseminating vapors produced by the stored ointment. A decongesting device for infants also includes a pacifier body having a shield, a nipple, and a chamber can be pre-filled with a medicated ointment and permanently sealed at a time of manufacture.

Abstract: A breathing mask for use in administering inhalable medications to a patient in need of an inhaled drug is provided. The mask disclosed herein is particularly useful for use with very young children. The mask is made from a flexible molded plastic silicone or elastomeric material, and has an anthropometrically/anatoinically/ergonomically contoured shape to provide a good seal, a comfortable fit, and minimal dead space within the mask. The airway is aligned with nose. There may be an orifice for use with a soother device to calm a child using the mask. Also provided is a visual flow indicator to provide an indication of the quality of the seal of the mask on the face.

Abstract: Described herein are interactive apparatus and methods for sensing and measuring real-time characteristic patterns of a subject's use of a dry powder inhalation system. The devices can be used in a wired or wireless communication mode to communicate with a display to assess the subject's usage of the inhalation system, to evaluate the performance of the inhalation system and/or to detect the characteristics profile of a dry powder formulation emitted from the inhalation system in use.

Abstract: Systems and methods for delivering medicament to a subject use one or more sensors to generate signals that represent characteristics of the ultrasonic energy emitted into or by a respiratory medicament delivery device. Parameters based on these signals indicate energy amplitude in one or more frequency ranges. Such parameters can be used to determine respiratory parameters, patient adherence, and/or other parameters.

Abstract: Oscillatory ventilator configured for oscillating at a plurality of specifically tuned sinusoidal frequencies simultaneously a ventilation gas for delivery to a lung region of a patient and a ventilator control system, in communication with the oscillatory ventilator, to control a sinusoidal waveform input for the oscillatory ventilator, wherein the sinusoidal waveform input comprises the plurality of specifically tuned sinusoidal frequencies each of which sinusoidal frequencies are below the acoustic range.

Abstract: A respiratory treatment apparatus and method in which a leak is determined by using an averaging window. The window starts at the present time and extends back in time to a point determined according to a current one of progressively detected phase measures of a first respiratory cycle and a corresponding phase measure attributable to a preceding second respiratory cycle. In another aspect, a jamming index indicates whether the leak is rapidly changing. To the extent that jamming is high, the leak estimate used progressively changes from that using sliding breath-window averaging to a more robust and faster responding low-pass filter method, and adjustment of ventilatory support based on measures employing estimated respiratory flow is slowed down or stopped.

Abstract: A reversible airway device can include a tubular guide, a laryngeal mask, and an endotracheal tube. The tubular guide can have a distal end portion, a proximal end portion, and a first passageway extending between the distal and proximal end portions. The tubular guide can further include a first longitudinal seam. The laryngeal mask can be attached to the distal end portion of the tubular guide. The laryngeal mask can include an opening in fluid communication with the first passageway. The laryngeal mask can further include a second longitudinal seam. The endotracheal tube can be slidably disposed within the first passageway and have a second passageway. The first and second longitudinal seams can be adapted to permit ingress and egress of the tubular guide from the airway without detaching the endotracheal tube from a ventilation source.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mask cushion for a full face mask with a single sealing lip for sealing contact with the face of a user.

Abstract: A nasal cannula including a base portion defining a gas passageway and one or more nozzles defining a second gas passageway in gaseous communication with the first gas passageway for directing a therapeutic flow of gas to a user's nares, that may further include one or more sensors for measuring the properties of gas within a user's nares. The one or more nozzles may be a nasal insert that includes recesses or grooves that prevent sealing of the nozzle with the nare. The nozzle may be shaped to avoid insertion into the user's nares, thus preventing sealing with the nares. A stop may be positioned between two nozzles to engage a user's columella and prevent the nozzles from inserting into the user's nares. Elongate extensions are provided for inserting into the user's nares and supporting sensors for measuring gas properties therein.

Abstract: A patient interface for delivering breathable gas to a patient includes a nasal prong assembly including a pair of nasal prongs structured to sealingly communicate with nasal passages of a patient's nose in use and headgear to maintain the nasal prong assembly in a desired position on the patient's face. The headgear includes side straps and rigidizers provided to respective side straps. Each rigidizer includes a first end portion that provides a connector structured to engage a respective end of the nasal prong assembly and an inwardly curved protrusion in the form of a cheek support that curves inwardly of the connector. The cheek support is adapted to follow the contour of the patient's cheek and guide a respective end portion of the side strap into engagement with the patient's cheek to provide a stable cheek support.

Abstract: A patient interface includes a frame having a circular opening to receive pressurized gas and a cushion supported on the frame and defining a breathing chamber configured to receive the pressurized gas. The patient interface further includes support structure configured to support the patient interface on the patient's head, a plurality of gas washout holes configured to vent gas from the breathing chamber to atmosphere, and an elbow assembly. The elbow assembly includes a rotatable elbow that is releasably snap-fittable to the frame. The rotatable elbow having a pair of diametrically opposed flexible sides that are configured to flex upon engagement with the frame and produce an audible click when the rotatable elbow has been securely attached to the frame. The rotatable elbow further includes a pair of diametrically opposed finger depressable release portions that are resiliently movable towards one another to allow release of the rotatable elbow from the frame.

Abstract: Elbow assembly including a swivel component (6610) connected to a patient interface (6000) by a pair of spring arms (6650) and coupled to an elbow component (6620) by ball and socket joint and a hinge joint (6645) which allows pivoting about a single axis. Hinge joint prevents the elbow component from contacting the spring arms. Swivel component includes inner radial wall (6630) and outer radial wall (6632) defining radial channel (7633) leading to vent holes (6640) for gas washout, tracks or guide walls (7637) within the channel providing discrete flow paths to the vent holes, an inwardly extending lip or chevron (8631) redirects flow to reduce noise and/or minimize flow directly onto sensitive parts the face. Ball portion (6662) includes opposed recesses (6664) engaged with pivot pins (6645) on swivel component to form the hinge. Elbow component houses a pair of anti-asphyxia valves (6680).

Abstract: Devices and systems provide methods of controlling breathable gas generation such as for a respiratory treatment and/or for controlling ionization of the gas. In an example, a controller of a respiratory treatment apparatus controls generation of a supply of ionized air. The apparatus may include a flow generator to generate a flow of pressurized breathable gas. The flow generator may be adapted for connection with a respiratory interface. The apparatus may also include an ionizer to ionize the flow of gas. The controller may be coupled with the ionizer and the flow generator and be configured to control the ionizer to programmatically change levels of ionization of the gas. Such ionized gas treatments may be suitable for helping users to sleep or improving respiratory oxygen absorption, and may be for patients with, for example, sleep disordered breathing or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Abstract: A device (102) provides respiratory treatment for SDB (including mild OSA) and other respiratory conditions. A flow generator warms and humidifies gas at controlled flow levels. For example, the device (102) delivers breathable gas to the upper airway at flow rates of about 10-35 Liters/minute. Levels of flow rate, temperature and/or humidification of the device may be automatically adjusted in response to the detection of SDB events. The device may also automatically deliver adjustments of any of the levels in accordance with detected phases of respiratory cycles. In some embodiments, the device automatically delivers distinct levels to either of the nares based on independent control of flow to each nare. A warm-up procedure controls temperature and humidity at a desired target during a ramp-up of flow to the set therapy level. A cool-down procedure controls temperature above the dewpoint to avoid condensation internal to the device and patient interface.