Abstract: Provided is a method for making nickel nanopowders into paste including: (a) preparing a nickel oxide configured in the form of an oxide; (b) preparing nano-sized nickel oxide nanopowders by pulverizing the nickel oxide; (c) a step of drying the nickel oxide nanopowders; (d) a step of preparing natural metal nickel nanopowders by preparing the nickel oxide nanopowders as the natural metal nickel nanopowders through a reduction process in a hydrogen atmosphere and heat-treating the same at the same time; (e) a step of simultaneously performing a step of crushing the natural metal nickel nanopowders prepared by the heat treatment and a nanopowder oxidation preventing coating step of forming an oxidation preventing film on the natural metal nickel nanopowders with an additive; and (f) a step of making the natural metal nickel nanopowders, which have been simultaneously subjected to the crushing and coating steps, into paste.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method for generating a solid metal object. Initially, a reductant material and a metal precursor particle mixture are arranged in a high temperature furnace that is filled with a chemically inert atmosphere. A temperature of the high temperature furnace is held above the decomposition temperature of the reductant but below a melting point of the metal precursor particle mixture for a predetermined duration to generate the solid metal object. At this stage, the generated metal object is cooled in the inert atmosphere.

Abstract: A coated cutting tool comprising a substrate and a coating layer formed on a surface of the substrate, wherein: the coating layer comprises at least one ?-type aluminum oxide layer; and, in the ?-type aluminum oxide layer, a texture coefficient TC (0,0,12) of a (0,0,12) plane is from 4.0 or more to 8.4 or less, and a texture coefficient TC (1,0,16) of a (1,0,16) plane is from 0.4 or more to 3.0 or less.

Abstract: A coated tool may include a base member and a coating layer located on the base member. The coating layer may include a plurality of AlTi layers including aluminum and titanium, and a plurality of AlCr layers including aluminum and chromium. The AlTi layers and the AlCr layers may be located alternately one upon another. The coating layer may include a plurality of first regions where a thickness of each of the AlCr layers becomes larger as going away from the base member, and a plurality of second regions where a thickness of each of the AlCr layers becomes smaller as going away from the base member. The first regions and the second regions may be located alternately one upon another in a thickness direction of the coating layer.

Abstract: Portable milling machine having a housing, a spindle and a clamping nut, which, as part of a tool holder, can be rotatably connected to the spindle and detached therefrom in order to clamp and unclamp a milling tool, and the portable milling machine having a spanner, which can be moved relative to the spindle axially between an engaged position and a disengaged position, the spanner interlockingly surrounding the clamping nut at least in portions in the circumferential direction in the engaged position and, when the spanner is in the disengaged position, the clamping nut being rotatable relative to the spanner, the spanner being connected to the housing of the portable milling machine for conjoint rotation such that, when the spanner is in the engaged position, the clamping nut can be connected to the spindle and detached therefrom by manually rotating the spindle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a material for built up edge formation having a resin block containing a high molecular weight compound having a weight average molecular weight of 5×104 or higher and 1×106 or lower, a medium molecular weight compound having a weight average molecular weight of 1×103 or higher and lower than 5×104, and a carbon.

Abstract: A method for producing an internal combustion engine, includes the steps of providing a cylinder comprising a cylinder wall, wherein a surface of the cylinder wall has a structure which is designed and formed such that it can be penetrated by a coating; generating at least one barrier region by way of at least regional machining of the structure such that the coating cannot penetrate into the structure; and applying a coating to the cylinder wall, which coating does not penetrate into the structure in the at least one barrier region.

Abstract: A levelling machine includes a pair of spaced apart rail assemblies, a gantry assembly and a face mill assembly. The spaced apart rail assemblies define an x axis. The gantry assembly is moveably attached to the pair of spaced apart rail assemblies whereby the gantry assembly defines a y axis. The gantry assembly is moveable in the x axis along the pair of spaced apart rail assemblies. The face mill assembly is moveably attached to the gantry assembly and is moveable in the y axis along the gantry assembly. The face mill assembly has a plurality of saw blades, the saw blades being generally in an x-y plane defined by the x axis and y axis. The saw blades have a plurality of teeth that extend downwardly generally in a z axis. The face mill assembly is moveable in the z axis.

Abstract: A ball nose end mill insert includes an insert body having an axial center axis, two opposed substantially flat insert side surfaces, and a peripheral surface joining the two insert side surfaces. The peripheral surface includes two arcuate surfaces at a first axially forward end of the insert and an insert support surface at a second axially rearward end of the insert. The arcuate surfaces extend axially rearward from an axial center area of the first axially forward end and are positioned symmetrically on opposite sides in relation to the axial center area. Peripheral side surfaces adjoin the arcuate surfaces. An insert through hole intersects the insert side surfaces. The insert support surface has an axial insert support surface having surface portions on opposite sides of the axial center axis and a radial insert support surface. The axial and the radial insert support surfaces together form an acute angle.

Abstract: Stabilized cutting tool assemblies. A cutting tool assembly for use with a reference surface includes a tool holder having a rotational axis. The tool holder is arranged for attachment to a drive source arranged to rotate the tool holder and move the tool holder relative to a reference surface. The cutting tool assembly includes a rotatable cutting tool coupled to the tool holder. The cutting tool includes a cutting surface and has a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is disposed adjacent the tool holder. The cutting tool assembly includes a stabilizer coupled to the cutting tool adjacent the second portion. The stabilizer has a bearing surface. The bearing surface is positioned on the second portion to abut the reference surface and to stabilize the cutting tool when the drive source moves the tool holder and the cutting tool to a position adjacent the reference surface.

Abstract: A machining method for forming an opening through a workpiece, serving as a green compact, by moving a milling tool in a radial direction relative to the workpiece is provided. Among inner wall surfaces defining the opening, respective cut surfaces, cut by cutting edges on an outer periphery of the milling tool, are defined as a first sidewall surface and a second sidewall surface that is opposite the first sidewall surface. A side from which the milling tool enters is defined as an outer circumferential surface of the workpiece, and a surface opposite to the outer circumferential surface is defined as an inner circumferential surface of the workpiece. A corner where the first sidewall surface or the second sidewall surface and the outer circumferential surface meet is defined as an obtuse angle corner, and a corner where the first sidewall surface or the second sidewall surface and the inner circumferential surface meet is defined as an acute angle corner.

Abstract: A gear cutting tool configured to machine a workpiece with a skiving so as to generate a gear tooth includes a ring-shaped tool main body, and a plurality of tool blades which are replaceable and attached to the tool main body, such that the tool blades are arranged in a circumferential direction of the tool main body and a blade tip of each of the tool blades is oriented inward in a radial direction of the tool main body. Since the gear cutting tool for skiving is an internal gear type tool, the accuracy and the tool life of external gear machining when using the internal gear type tool are higher and longer than the accuracy and the tool life of external gear machining when using an external gear type tool. As a result, the frequency of replacement of the tool blades can be lowered and cost can be reduced.

Abstract: A method for inspecting a dressable worm grinding wheel, having the following method steps: providing a dressable worm grinding wheel in a machine tool, wherein the worm grinding wheel has at least one worm thread and wherein the machine tool comprises a dressing tool for dressing the worm grinding wheel; traveling along a thread head of the worm thread in contact with a region of the dressing tool; measuring and analyzing at least one signal during the travel along the thread head, which is characteristic for the contact between the dressing tool and the thread head of the worm thread, such as a contact force, a displacement, a structure-borne noise, a power consumption of a drive, or the like.

Abstract: A modification system for the modification of elongated pieces of stock may include a powered tool for modifying, or altering the piece of elongated stock, and a support device for supporting a position of the elongated stock relative to the powered tool. An arrangement of the components of the powered tool may provide for ergonomic balance of the powered tool. The support device may include a clamping device that clamps, or holds the elongated stock, and an adjustment device that adjusts a position of the clamping device based on a size of the elongated stock. The support device may include a latching device that maintains the position of the clamping device relative to the stock. A reaction arm may inhibit rotation of the tool relative to the stock during operation. A biasing device may provide for application of an axial biasing force on the stock, to initiate operation.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, an apparatus for an automated soldering process is provided. The apparatus includes a stepper motor to provide solder and a hot end including a casing to heat the solder and to provide liquified solder to a terminal and to an exposed portion of a wire. The apparatus includes a terminal fixture to support the terminal and the exposed portion of a wire while the hot end provides the liquified solder to the terminal and to the exposed portion of the wire. The apparatus includes a first heating device to heat the terminal and the exposed portion of the wire to enable a flow of the liquified solder onto the terminal and the exposed portion of the wire.

Abstract: A welding or additive manufacturing wire drive system includes a welding wire spool and first and second drive rolls. One or both of the drive rolls has a circumferential groove. The system includes a first welding wire, drawn from the welding wire spool, and located between the drive rolls in the circumferential groove, and a second welding wire, drawn from the welding wire spool, and located between the drive rolls in the circumferential groove. The first welding wire contacts the second welding wire between the first drive roll and the second drive roll. The first welding wire further contacts a first sidewall portion of the circumferential groove, and the second welding wire further contacts a second sidewall portion of the circumferential groove. Both of the first welding wire and the second welding wire are radially offset from a central portion of the circumferential groove.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for an engine driven welding-type power system that includes an engine to drive an electric generator to provide a first power output, and a removable welder having an energy storage device to provide a second power output. The system includes a housing having a dock to store a removable welder. While stored within the dock, the energy storage device is recharged by the first power output. Once removed from the dock, the removable welder is configured to operate independently of the power system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for pairing welding devices in a welding system. In one method, the method includes sending a pairing request from a first welding device to a second welding device. The method also includes receiving, at the first welding device, a response to the pairing request from the second welding device. The second welding device is physically connected to the first welding device. The pairing request or the response includes a change in welding power, welding consumables, or any combination thereof The method includes pairing the first welding device and the second welding device after the first welding device receives the response to the pairing request from the second welding device.

Abstract: A guide hole is constituted of a large-diameter hole, a medium-diameter hole, and a small-diameter hole. A sliding part fitted in the guide hole is formed of a synthetic resin material. A large-diameter portion of the sliding part is fitted in the large-diameter hole in a slidable state, and a medium-diameter portion is fitted in the medium-diameter hole in a slidable state. A movable end surface of the sliding part is in close contact with a stationary inner end surface of the guide hole. By configuring a width dimension of the movable end surface to be less than half of a thickness dimension of the large-diameter portion, a pressurizing force of the movable end surface is increased and a minute metal piece is pushed from the movable end surface into a base material of the sliding part, and a thickness dimension of the medium-diameter portion is set large.

Abstract: A method for producing an overlap composite material from sheet metal is described, wherein a first sheet (1) of a first metal and a second sheet (2) of a second metal, which has a lower strength than the first metal, are positioned one above another in an overlapping manner in an edge region, and are then joined by rolling. In accordance with the invention, provision is made for the first sheet (1) to have a wedge-shaped edge in cross-section, and for the second sheet (2) to be positioned with its edge on a side surface (3) of the first sheet (1) formed by the wedge-shaped edge, wherein the side surface (3) formed by the wedge-shaped edge of the first sheet (1) has a greater width than the side surface (4) of the edge of the second sheet (2) positioned on the said side surface (3) of the first sheet (1), and, after positioning, the sheets (1, 2) are joined by rolling.

Abstract: Two aluminum alloy plates are sandwiched between an anvil and a chip of a horn which is being vibrated by a vibration unit, to perform ultrasonic bonding. A deposit removing unit is provided above the horn. When the horn is vibrated by the vibration unit and raised by an elevator, the chip positioned on the top of the horn comes into contact with a removal section, with the chip being vibrated, to allow the removal section to remove a deposit adhering to the chip.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing system (110) for depositing an extrudate (112) onto a substrate (114) comprises a deposition head (116). The deposition head (116) comprises a stirring tool (118), rotatable about an axis of rotation AR and comprising a tool distal end (120) and a tool proximal end (122), axially opposing the tool distal end (120) along the axis of rotation AR. The stirring tool (118) defines a bore (124), extending from the tool proximal end (122) to the tool distal end (120). The bore (124) is configured to receive feedstock (126), biased toward the tool distal end (120). The deposition head (116) also comprises a die (128), which is positioned adjacent to the stirring tool (118), defines a die axis AD1, and comprises a die distal end (130) and a die proximal end (132), axially opposing the die distal end (130) along the die axis AD1, and wherein the die axis AD1 is parallel with the axis of rotation AR of the stirring tool (118).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for forming an insulating film using a laser beam according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may include: a step of transferring a 2D material onto a substrate; a step of depositing a metal thin film on the 2D material; a step of irradiating a laser beam to the metal thin film; and a step of forming the metal thin film of the laser beam-irradiated region into an insulating film.

Abstract: Laser cutting a dieboard using a laser cutting system, including: setting a width of material to be removed from the dieboard using the laser cutting system; capturing an image of the width of the material removed by the laser cutting system using at least one image capture unit; measuring the captured width of the material captured on the image using the at least one image capture unit; and comparing the measured width of the material to the set width of the material, and moving a laser head of the laser cutting system up and down to adjust a focal length of the laser cutting system and moving the laser head of the laser cutting system sideways to adjust a speed of the laser head, until the measured width and the set width are substantially similar.

Abstract: Method of fabricating a microfluidic device by means of inducing internal cracks in fused silica employing a picosecond laser beam, firstly utilizing irradiation of a focused temporally controlled picosecond laser beam in fused silica to generate a spatially selective modification region including randomly oriented nanocracks, then employing chemical etching to remove the irradiated area and obtain a hollow and connected three-dimensional microstructure, thereby achieving three-dimensional fabrication of microchannel structures inside the fused silica. The method can realize polarization insensitive three-dimensional uniform etching by regulating the pulse width of the picosecond laser beam, and has high chemical etch rate and selectivity, applicable for fabrication of large-sized three-dimensional microfluidic systems, high-precision 3D glass printing, etc.

Abstract: A profile selector includes at least one beam-forming lens refracting a laser beam to be incident so as to convert a beam profile and emits a laser beam having a beam profile selected from a plurality of beam profiles. A collimating lens converts a laser beam of a divergent beam to be incident into collimated light. A focusing lens focuses the collimated light emitted from the collimating lens and irradiates the focused beam to a sheet metal of a processing target. A moving mechanism moves the collimating lens along an optical axis such that a deviation of a focal point is reduced caused when the beam profile of the focused beam emitted from the focusing lens is selected by the profile selector.

Abstract: A multifunctional shaft apparatus includes a shaft base, a spindle, a tool holder, an ultrasonic vibration assembly, a laser light source and a mirror assembly. The spindle is disposed in the shaft base. The spindle has a laser channel extending along the spindle. The tool holder is disposed on the spindle. The tool holder has a hollow passage, an inner space and a recessed portion. The hollow passage is communicated with the laser channel. An inner wall of the hollow passage has at least one through hole communicated with the inner space, and the recessed portion is disposed on a bottom surface of the tool holder. The bottom surface has a light outlet. The ultrasonic vibration assembly includes a vibration member disposed in the recessed portion. The mirror assembly is disposed in the tool holder and is configured to reflect the laser light beam generated by the laser light source.

Abstract: A micromachining device that utilizes a solid state laser beam scanner to steer and scan laser beams onto a moveable stage. There are no moving parts as in the galvometric scanner devices in current use. The laser beam scanner has two components, a variable frequency signal generator that is electrically connected to at least one substantially transparent and partially conductive substrate plate (hereinafter plate) with a generally planar face thereon that has a series of quantum dots (of an arbitrary size but narrow size distribution) affixed with the plate, where each of the quantum dots possess an inducible dipole moment, and each of the quantum dots are in electrical contact with the plate, where the quantum dots undergo an excitation and successive recombination (or relaxation) by the input of magnetic, optical or electrical signals.

Abstract: The application relates to a machining robot (1) for machining workpieces using a laser beam (2), in particular a machining robot (1) having six axes, wherein the laser beam (2) is to be directed, especially by deflecting means, substantially along a longitudinal axis (3) of the machining robot (1) via an articulated coupling means (14) into an inlet (4) into a central machining robot shaft (5) and to a machining robot head (6) comprising a laser machining tool, in particular a jet nozzle means (19) around an output region (8) of the laser beam (2); the machining laser (9) for generating the laser beam (2) is integrated into a machining robot arm (10) which is part of the central machining robot shaft (5) and which essentially comprises a carbon housing (11), in particular consists of a carbon housing (11).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a domestic appliance at least comprising the following steps:—at least one positioning and/or prefixing step comprising positioning and/or prefixing of at least a first component part (3) of the domestic appliance relative to at least a second component part (2) of the domestic appliance, the first component part (3) comprising a first contour (32), and the second component (2) part comprising a matching second contour (21), respectively, the positioning and/or prefixing comprising positioning and/or prefixing the second contour (21) in a pre-defined arrangement at the first contour (32);—at least one welding step comprising welding together the first and second component parts (3, 2) along at least one of the first and second contour (32, 21); wherein the welding being controlled by a control device and carried out by:—detecting, in particular via a detection device, at least one of a location and course of at least a section of a marking representa

Abstract: A frame as a multi-layer steel plate is a multi-layer steel plate including a plurality of steel plates being stacked, outer peripheries of which have a plurality of sides, in which positions of the plurality of sides of the plurality of steel plates include portions located at identical positions in plan view, the plurality of steel plates are fixed to each other by welding at the plurality of sides located at the identical positions in plan view, and among the plurality of steel plates, at least one of the steel plates is processed into a shape different from a shape of other steel plates.

Abstract: A method and a device for fusion welding one or more steel sheets made of press-hardenable steel, preferably manganese-boron steel; are disclosed. In the method, the fusion welding is performed by supplying filler wire into a molten bath generated a laser beam. In order to improve the hardenability of the weld seam, regardless of whether the steel sheets to be welded to one another are steel sheets of identical or different material quality, the filler wire is coated with graphite particles prior to fusion welding and the filler wire coated in this manner is introduced directly into the molten bath in such a way that the tip of the filler wire melts in the molten bath, the graphite particles are mixed with a waxy or liquid carrier medium to be applied to the filler wire, and the mixture is applied in the form of a coating to the filler wire. The method and the corresponding device are distinguished by a high productivity and a relatively low energy consumption.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods for controlling etch depth by providing localized heating across a substrate. The method for controlling temperatures across the substrate can include individually controlling a plurality of heating pixels disposed in a dielectric body of a substrate support assembly. The plurality of heating pixels provide temperature distributions on a first surface of the substrate disposed on a support surface of the dielectric body. The temperature distributions correspond to a plurality of portions of at least one grating on a second surface of the substrate to be exposed to an ion beam. Additionally, the temperatures can be controlled by individually controlling light emitting diodes (LEDs) of LED arrays. The substrate is exposed to the ion beam to form a plurality of fins on the at least one grating. The at least one grating has a distribution of depths corresponding to the temperature distributions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to additive manufacturing field and laser shock peening (LSP) field, in particular to a combined apparatus for layer-by-layer interactive additive manufacturing with laser thermal/mechanical effects. In the apparatus, a LSP module and a SLM module operate in alternate so as to perform LSP for the formed part in the forming process of the formed part, and thereby a better strengthening effect of the formed part is achieved. The present invention effectively overcomes the challenges of “shape control” against deformation and cracking of the formed parts incurred by internal stress and “property control” against poor fatigue property of the formed parts incurred by metallurgical defects during additive manufacturing, improves fatigue strength and mechanical properties of the formed parts, and realizes high-efficiency and high-quality holistic processing of the formed parts.

Abstract: A method of additive manufacture is disclosed. The method can include providing an enclosure surrounding a powder bed and having an atmosphere including helium gas. A high flux laser beam is directed at a defined two dimensional region of the powder bed. Powder is melted and fused within the defined two dimensional region, with less than 50% by weight of the powder particles being displaced into any defined two dimensional region that shares an edge or corner with the defined two dimensional region where powder melting and fusing occurs.

Abstract: A device for modifying a region of a substrate includes a laser radiation source for pulsed laser radiation. A transmissive medium having a higher intensity-dependent refraction index than air is arranged between a laser machining head and the substrate such that an individual pulse of the pulsed laser radiation from the laser machining head is deflected through the transmissive medium and across a thickness of the substrate from an original focal depth to a focal depth different from the original focal depth to modify the substrate along a beam axis of the laser radiation in a region of a recess or through-opening to be formed in the substrate without removing an amount of the substrate material necessary to form the recess or through-opening. A length between the focal depths is greater than and extends across the thickness of the substrate.

Abstract: A laser hole drilling system. The system includes a laser source that generates a laser beam along an optical axis, a cylindrical lens along the optical axis downstream of the laser source, and a spherical lens downstream of the cylindrical lens, the spherical lens offset from the optical axis to provide an anamorphic optical train to generate an asymmetric teardrop shaped energy distribution at a focal plane.

Abstract: A laser hole drilling system includes a laser source that generates a laser beam along an optical axis; a spherical lens along the optical axis downstream of the laser source; and a control system in communication with the spherical lens and the laser source, the control system operable to locate the spherical lens with respect to the laser source to produce a light distribution in polar coordinates of a real portion of the Fourier Transform to generate an asymmetric teardrop shaped energy distribution at a focal plane.

Abstract: A laser beam processing method includes impinging a laser beam onto a predetermined location inside a light-transmissive material and forming a code in which predetermined information is recorded.

Abstract: A tubular welding electrode for arc welding that has improved crack resistance comprises a steel sheath disposed around a granular powder flux fill core. The granular powder flux fill core comprises magnesium oxide and a sulfur source such as iron sulfide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a retaining device for disassembling a bladed wheel of a turbine engine. The invention is characterized in that the retaining device (100) includes: an inter-blade ring sector (101), a plurality of retaining clips (105), each retaining clip (105) cooperating with one of the damping elements (40), the retaining clips (105) extending radially while being attached circumferentially to the ring sector (101).

Abstract: A remanufactured piston for an internal combustion engine includes a crown and a skirt. A piston body includes a first piston body end within the crown and an opposite second piston body end. The crown further includes an annular crown body having an annular crown body edge. The first piston body end further includes an annular piston body edge. The annular piston body edge and the annular crown body edge form a joint, and a metallurgical bond attaches the annular crown body to the piston body at the joint.

Abstract: A locomotive heat exchanger apparatus includes a header having at least one opening, at least one tubular member joined to the header and having an interior passageway in fluid communication with the at least one opening, and a plurality of radial fins extending from the at least one tubular member. The tubular member and the plurality of radial fins may be formed as a unitary component via additive manufacturing without welding or interference fit.

Abstract: A receiver-fastener apparatus (200) comprises a receiver-fastener housing (270), a receiver-fastener turret (202), an indexing-collet assembly (203), an anvil (204), a receiver-fastener delivery assembly (205), and a swager assembly (206). The receiver-fastener turret (202) is selectively rotatable relative to the receiver-fastener housing (270) about a receiver-fastener-turret rotation axis (Z). The indexing-collet assembly (203) is selectively movable relative to the receiver-fastener housing (270) between an indexing-collet-assembly extended position and an indexing-collet-assembly retracted position along an indexing-collet-assembly axis (Y) that is parallel to the receiver-fastener-turret rotation axis (Z). The anvil (204) is selectively movable relative to the receiver-fastener turret (202) along an anvil axis (X) that is parallel to the receiver-fastener-turret rotation axis (Z).

Abstract: An electric pulse tool delivers torque in pulses on an output shaft of the electric pulse tool. The electric pulse tool includes an electric motor with a rotor and a gear arrangement adapted to drive the output shaft. The electrical pulse tool is operative, for each period, to control the speed of the rotor until a play in the gear arrangement is determined to be closed and the gear arrangement starts to move the output shaft.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a tool and method for alignment adjustment of machinery. The tool may include a bottom plate, a top plate oriented in parallel planes, a low friction intermediate element between bottom plate and top plate, and a hydraulic actuator or electro-mechanic actuator arranged between the bottom plate and the top plate and capable of moving the top plate relative to the bottom plate.

Abstract: An improved anchor bar for isolating an adjustment force applied to the bar to result in an expansion force directed primarily outward to the sides of the anchor bar and to improve frictional contact with a work surface groove or slot.

Abstract: A mounting system having a dual plunger arrangement wherein the side of each plunger has a pull down cam to provide a desired pull down action in relation to at least two studs, the cams moving relative to one another and axially aligning relative to one another relative to the two axially spaced pull down studs to allow the plungers to provide a maximum hold down force for the two pull down studs, balance the hold down forces thereby maximizing performance and reducing unlocking forces.

Abstract: A tool drive with spindle shaft for a chip-forming machining includes at least one electromagnetic axial actuator and a control and/or regulation apparatus for the operation of the axial actuator for changing the position of the spindle shaft along the longitudinal axis, wherein the control and/or regulation apparatus is designed to drive the axial actuator for the generation of microvibration movement of the spindle shaft, independently of and superimposable on a feed movement, in order to affect the chip size and chip shape of the removed material, wherein at least one axial magnetic bearing and/or one linear motor is provided as at least part of the axial actuator, wherein the regulation and/or control apparatus includes a memory unit and/or a function generation unit, and is configured to specify setpoint values of the oscillation curve of the microvibration movement depending on geometrical and or physical data of the workpiece and/or process variables that are measured or determined indirectly and/or co

Abstract: Tapered, stepped, or non-tapered router guide templates, and optionally combined template holder system, each template comprising: a base portion, a top portion, at least one of an exterior surface interconnecting the base portion and the top portion along an outer periphery of the template and an interior surface interconnecting the base portion and the top portion along an inner periphery of the template, wherein optionally one of the exterior surface and the interior surface may be continuously tapered between the base portion and the top portion, or stepped, and wherein the base portion is adapted for removable and adjustable interconnection with the template holder system.