Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for manufacturing a water cooling system (20) inside a casted cylinder head (10), the water cooling system (20) comprising an upper water jacket (21) and a lower water jacket (22) and wherein a transition channel (23) is located between the upper water jacket (21) and the lower water jacket (22). Further, the invention is related to a water cooling system (20) inside a casted cylinder head (10), comprising an upper water jacket (21) and a lower water jacket (22) wherein the upper water jacket (21) and the lower water jacket (22) are fluidly connected by at least one transition channel (23).

Abstract: A piston includes an upper member having a crown and a combustion surface extending radially inward from the crown. The upper member includes concentrically oriented first and second upper connecting surfaces integrally formed on the bottom side of the upper member. At least one of the upper connecting surfaces includes a curvilinear and/or multi-arcuate cross-sectional profile. The piston also includes a lower member having a pair of opposing skirts, each skirt defining a bore. The lower member also includes concentrically oriented first and second lower connecting surfaces integrally formed on a top side of the lower member. The lower member is integrally connected to the upper member by friction welding. The curvilinear and/or multi-arcuate profile enables a shortened distance between the top surface of the crown and the bore centerline of the bore. Methods of manufacturing the piston are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for converting energy are provided. In one aspect, the system includes a closed cycle engine defining a cold side. The system also includes a bottoming-cycle loop. A pump is operable to move a working fluid along the bottoming-cycle loop. A cold side heat exchanger is positioned along the bottoming-cycle loop in a heat exchange relationship with the cold side of the closed cycle engine. A constant density heat exchanger is positioned along the bottoming-cycle loop downstream of the cold side heat exchanger and upstream of an expansion device. The constant density heat exchanger is operable to hold a volume of the working fluid flowing therethrough at constant density while increasing, via a heat source, the temperature and pressure of the working fluid. The expansion device receives the working fluid at elevated temperature and pressure and extracts thermal energy from the working fluid to produce work.

Abstract: A control system for a gas turbine engine, a method for controlling a gas turbine engine, and a gas turbine engine are disclosed. The control system may include a nozzle scheduler for determining an exhaust nozzle position goal based on a nozzle schedule of exhaust nozzle positions related to flight conditions. The control system may further include a control module for determining a control command for the gas turbine engine. The control command may include, at least, a fuel flow command and an exhaust nozzle position command and the control command may be based on, at least, the exhaust nozzle position goal and an estimated thrust value. The control system may further include an actuator for controlling the gas turbine engine based on the control command.

Abstract: An arrangement is provided for use with an internal combustion engine. The arrangement includes an intake tract for the internal combustion engine and a valve that is fluidly connected to the intake tract. An activated carbon filter is located upstream from the intake tract and the valve. The valve is connected to the carbon filter by an intake line. When the valve is open, fluid can flow from the activated carbon filter into the intake tract. A pressure sensor measures upstream pressure (p1) in the intake line. A pump helps generate the pressure (p1) in the intake line. The valve is connected to the intake tract so they cooperate together to form a cavity that is connected to the intake line such that when the valve is closed, the pressure in the cavity is the pressure (p1).

Abstract: An air cleaner assembly (100) for an internal combustion engine, has a housing (10) with at least one intake air inlet and at least one intake air outlet (14) formed in the housing wall (18) for supplying an intake air to the internal combustion engine, at least one filter element disposed within the housing (10) for filtering the intake air, separating a rough air side from a clean air side inside the housing (10), and at least one flow straightener insert (20) comprising a body structure (40) with a hydrocarbon absorbing medium (30) disposed at the clean air side of the filter element. The at least one outlet (14) accommodates the at least one flow straightener insert (20).

Abstract: A device for mounting a conduit of a vapor canister on a vehicle includes a base having a first side and an opposing second side. The base includes fastener openings for receiving fasteners to attach the base to a frame. A connector extends from the first side of the base between the fastener openings for connecting the device to a conduit of a vapor canister. A pipe having an inlet extends from the second side of the base and forms an air passage from the inlet to the connector. The device may also include supports on the second side of the base for supporting the device on frame members with rounded or flat surfaces. The conduit mounting device can be installed by attaching the device on a frame member without the need for tools.

Abstract: An electric supercharger includes an electric motor, a compressor wheel rotated by the electric motor, and a compressor housing. The compressor housing includes a first passage through which air is introduced, an introducing port connecting to an EGR device, a second passage through which at least one of air and EGR gas is flowed, a bypass passage through which at least one of air and EGR gas is flowed, and a bypass valve to open and close the bypass passage. When the bypass valve is opened, air introduced from the first passage and EGR gas introduced from the introducing port are flowed through the bypass passage to the internal combustion engine. When the bypass valve is closed, air introduced from the first passage and EGR gas introduced from the introducing port are compressed in the compressor wheel and flowed through the second passage to the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Described is an exhaust-gas switch, in particular for trucks, having a housing that has an inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet, having a shaft led out from the housing, and having a valve flap arranged in the housing that is pivotable about a geometric pivot axis by means of the shaft between a first position and a second position, the valve flap having a blocking portion that in the first position blocks the first outlet and in the second position blocks the second outlet. According to this disclosure, provision is made such that the valve flap bears a counterweight to the blocking portion, the geometric pivot axis being arranged between the blocking portion and the counterweight.

Abstract: A system for feeding air to an engine of a vehicle includes a heat exchanger arranged along a duct for feeding air, downstream of a supercharging compressor, to cool a flow of air fed by the air compressor, by a fluid that circulates in an engine cooling circuit. The system also includes an evaporator, interposed in the duct downstream of the heat exchanger, to further cool the air flow by a coolant that circulates in an air conditioning circuit of the vehicle. The air conditioning circuit includes a coolant compressor and a controller for controlling activation of the coolant compressor, depending on a request for air conditioning of a passenger compartment of the vehicle, and a request for cooling the air fed to the engine. The electronic controller is configured to enable the coolant compressor to be activated only when the engine load is below a certain threshold.

Abstract: In one aspect, an aspiration system for a work vehicle may include an exhaust tube extending defining an exhaust passage therein. The exhaust tube may include a venturi portion, with the exhaust tube further defining an aperture within the venturi portion of the exhaust tube. The system may also include an aspiration tube configured to be coupled between the exhaust tube and a separate component of the work vehicle. The aspiration tube may define an aspiration passage extending between the separate component and the exhaust tube. The aperture defined by the exhaust tube may fluidly couple the aspiration passage and the exhaust passage. Furthermore, the system may include a restrictor body positioned within the exhaust passage. As such, the restrictor body and the venturi portion may be configured to adjust a flow parameter of exhaust gases flowing through the exhaust passage.

Abstract: A vehicle air intake assembly is disclosed. The assembly includes a housing, a conical filter, and optionally may also include an inlet cowl. The housing and filter decrease in diameter from an inlet or distal end toward a proximal or outlet end. The shape of the housing guides the air into a smaller cross-sectional area and induces a Venturi effect on the airflow passing through the housing and filter. The housing decouples the filter from an engine inlet and the proximal or outlet end of the housing is sized so as to attach to the engine inlet and provide a smooth transition for the air leaving the housing and entering the engine inlet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cover (1) suitable for installation at least facing a heat exchanger (28) between a feed gas flow for an internal combustion engine and a so-called coolant, said heat exchanger (28) comprising a bundle (32) and an area (33) for distributing the coolant in the bundle (32), characterized in that the cover (1) comprises a protrusion (2) suitable for limiting the circulation of the feed gas flow at the coolant distribution area (33).

Abstract: A snorkel system comprising: (a) a vehicle adapter configured to connect to a vehicle; (b) one or more air tubes configured to extend along an interior of an engine compartment of the vehicle; and (c) one or more angle adapters adapted to be located within the engine compartment of the vehicle, the one or more angle adapters fluidly connecting the vehicle adapter and the one or more air tubes together; wherein the one or more angle adapters include: an inlet opening located within a first plane, the inlet opening being located proximate to and in fluid communication with the vehicle adapter, and an outlet opening being in communication with a first end of the one or more air tubes, the outlet opening being located within a second plane that is spaced apart from and extends substantially parallel to the first angle adapter.

Abstract: A work vehicle includes an engine, an intake passage through which combustion air flows from an ambient air inlet to an engine, an air cleaner for removing dust contained in the combustion air, a throttle valve for adjusting an intake amount of the combustion air by the engine, a blowby gas returning passage for returning blowby gas discharged from the engine to a mid portion of the intake passage, and an inclined passage portion that assumes a progressively downwardly inclined posture to be located at a lower position on downstream side in a flow direction, the inclined passage portion having a water draining portion at its lowermost end.

Abstract: An intake manifold may include a manifold inlet connected with an intake line into which fresh air flows and a recirculation line into which exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) gas flows; a manifold pressure sensor for measuring pressure of fluid flowing through the manifold inlet; and a sensor housing fluidly communicating with the manifold inlet and including a mounting space in which the manifold pressure sensor is mounted.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diesel power generation system using biofuel capable of reliably generating electric power using biofuel so as not to coagulate, whereby biofuel is used to drive the diesel engine and the generator is driven based on the driving force of the diesel engine to generate electricity, while driving the diesel engine with the desired efficiency, the biofuel is not solidified without deteriorating at high temperature.

Abstract: A fuel supply device includes a fuel pump for delivering fuel within the fuel tank to the outside and a sub-tank having a temporary storage region capable of temporarily storing the fuel. The sub-tank includes an inflow opening to allow the fuel to flow into the sub-tank under its own weight. The temporary storage region includes a top part positioned above the inflow opening.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a fuel injection valve that includes a valve needle, a closing spring applying a spring force to the valve needle, which spring force loads the valve needle in the direction of a closing position, and an actuator assembly. A coil of the actuator assembly produces a magnetic force on a magnet armature of the actuator assembly such that, as the magnet armature travels toward a pole piece of the actuator assembly, the magnet armature covers an idle stroke to a stop element of the valve needle and then carries the valve needle toward the pole piece. A spring constant of the closing spring and the magnetic force are matched such that the magnitude of the resultant force of the spring force and the magnetic force decreases with increasing distance of the valve needle from the closing position and remains the same with increasing the distance.

Abstract: A valve for metering a fluid. An armature of the electromagnetic actuator is movable along a longitudinal axis of a valve needle, the movement of the armature relative to the valve needle being limited by a stop surface on the valve needle. The armature has a passage channel. The stop surface is on a stop element. The stop element and the armature are such that during operation there always remains an intermediate space, adjoining the valve needle, between the stop element and an end face of the armature facing the stop element. The stop surface lies, in a contact region, on the end surface of the armature facing the stop element when the armature and the stop surface come into contact during operation, the contact region being situated between the intermediate space and an opening of the passage channel when the armature and the stop surface come into contact.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for an engine having a plurality of cylinders is provided, which includes a plurality of fuel injection valves configured to inject fuel into the cylinders in a given order, a first distribution pipe configured to distributingly supply fuel to some of the plurality of fuel injection valves of which the fuel injection orders are not successive in the given order, a second distribution pipe configured to distributingly supply fuel to a remainder of the plurality of fuel injection valves of which the fuel injection orders are not successive in the given order, a fuel pump part configured to discharge fuel, a first feed pipe connecting a first discharge part of the fuel pump part with the first distribution pipe, and a second feed pipe connecting a second discharge part of the fuel pump part and the second distribution pipe.

Abstract: A fuel injector assembly for an engine. The engine includes a cylinder head defining a through-hole. The fuel injector assembly includes an insert, having a first end and a second end, configured to be received within the through-hole and coupled to the cylinder head. The insert defines a bore extending from the first end to the second end. The fuel injector assembly further includes a fuel injector including a plurality of orifices, received within the bore of the insert; and a duct structure including a plurality of ducts, coupled to the insert such that the plurality of ducts align with the plurality of orifices to at least partially receive one or more fuel jets from the plurality of orifices of the fuel injector.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes two intake openings, opened and closed by intake valves; exhaust openings opened and closed by exhaust valves; a fuel injector having a plurality of nozzle holes; and mask parts having wall surfaces extending along outer edges of the intake openings toward the inside of the combustion chamber. The fuel injector arranged wherein the nozzle holes are positioned at the opposite exhaust opening sides from the intake openings, and the plurality of nozzle holes include a first nozzle hole, injecting in a direction with the smallest angle from a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylinder. The wall surface formed wherein a height in a first nozzle hole ejection region positioned in a range of injection of a fuel spray from the first nozzle hole, when viewed in the axial direction, is lower than a height in the first nozzle hole ejection region.

Abstract: A valve assembly for a pump includes an electrical actuator having a stator and an armature, where the armature includes a top armature surface facing the stator and having an inwardly stepped-up profile that forms a raised surface at a radially inward location, and a lower, gap-forming surface at a radially outward location that forms a gap between the armature and the stator when the electrical actuator is activated to facilitate displacing fluid and avoiding production of high velocity, potentially damaging fluid flows.

Abstract: A starting circuit for providing electric power to a starter motor of an internal combustion engine of outdoor power equipment is shown and described. The starting circuit includes a battery receptacle mounted on the outdoor power equipment and a starter battery that is received within the battery receptacle. The starter battery includes a battery controller and a series of battery cells contained within an outer housing. A plurality of high current pins provide electric power to the starter motor and auxiliary devices on the tractor/mower while a plurality of low current pins receives signals from the tractor/mower related to operation of the tractor/mower. A wireless transceiver is used to communicate information from the battery controller to a wireless device. The wireless device displays the received information to a user. The battery receptacle can be configured to include a dipstick receiver that receives an oil dipstick.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating an internal combustion engine that may be automatically stopped and started are described. In one example, an engine is rotated in a reverse direction after an engine stop so that a belt integrated starter/generator may rotate the engine in a forward direction and utilize the inertia of the engine to rotate trough top-dead-center compression stroke, thereby starting the engine.

Abstract: A battery pack including a battery, a sensor, a controller, and a self-discharge circuit. The battery includes at least one battery cell connected between a pair of external terminals. The at least one battery cell is used for an engine-start attempt. The sensor detects a temperature of the battery. The controller compares the temperature of the battery with a reference temperature value and outputs a self-discharge signal when the temperature of the battery is lower than the reference temperature value. The self-discharge circuit is connected between the pair of external terminals in parallel with the battery and performs self-discharge the battery based on the self-discharge signal.

Abstract: A system for monitoring and cleaning a spark plug is disclosed. In one example, rim firing of a spark plug is detected according to characteristics of a voltage of a primary coil of an ignition coil. The system may institute spark plug cleaning after rim firing of a spark plug is detected.

Abstract: A system and method for electrically controlling a submersible hydro-electric production system for avoiding leakage of oil and contaminants used in the existing hydraulic systems. The system comprises one or more submersible electrical actuators operably connected to a gate operating ring which in turn is connected to a plurality of wicket gates in the turbine. Each submersible electrical actuator comprises an electrical motor connected to a push-pull rod which is configured to transform the rotation movement received at a first end thereof to a linear movement at a telescoping end opposite the first end for rotating the gate operating ring to a desired position. The electrical actuator includes a waterproof structure which houses the electrical motor and the push-pull rod and at the same time allows for a telescoping movement of the push-pull rod for rotating the gate operating ring.

Abstract: A wave operated assembly (20) configured to be submerged in a body of water (12), the wave operated assembly (20) comprising a wave actuated member (24), a second portion and a piston assembly, pressure chamber (22) or spring coupled between the wave actuated member (24) and the second portion. The wave actuated member (24) and the fixed portion each define part of a first chamber (22) or volume comprising or configured to receive a fluid. A lower portion of the wave actuated member (24) at least partly defines a free surface (35) between the fluid within the first chamber (22) or volume and the body of water (12). The wave actuated member (24) is movable relative to the second portion. The piston assembly, pressure chamber (22) or spring is configured to apply a force on the wave actuated member (24) that works in opposition to a force on the wave actuated member (24) due to the fluid in the first chamber (22) or volume.

Abstract: A system is provided. The system includes a body having at least two surfaces. The body is configured to be located at least partially below a surface of a body of water moving in a first direction. The system includes a mechanical system connected to the body. The mechanical system is configured to allow the movement of the body of water in the first direction to move the body back and forth in a plane parallel to the surface of the body of water in a second direction and a third direction. The second and the third directions are substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The mechanical system is configured to translate the movement of the body to a rotor of an electrical generator.

Abstract: Systems can be used to harness energy from winds. For example, this document describes scalable systems having multiple wing-like blades that can efficiently convert wind power into electricity and other types of energy.

Abstract: A wind-turbine rotor blade having a rotor blade portion which comprises an inner rotor blade portion with a first end having a plurality of fastening units for fastening to a hub of a wind turbine and a second end having a flange for fastening further portions of the wind-turbine rotor blade, wherein the inner rotor blade portion is produced from polymer concrete, wherein the rotor blade portion has a plurality of resin-impregnated fiber-composite laid scrims or rovings which are wound around the inner rotor blade portion.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a wind turbine system comprising a first pair of wind turbines mounted to a support structure by a first support arm arrangement, and a second pair of wind turbines mounted to the support structure by a second support arm arrangement. The first and second support arm arrangements are mounted to the support structure at a respective yaw unit so as to yaw about the major axis of the support structure. Moreover, the wind turbine system further includes a control system that is configured to control the yaw angle of each of the first and second support arm arrangements, wherein the control system is configured to identify the presence of a predetermined shutdown condition and, in response, the control system is operable to control the yaw angles of the first support arm arrangement and the second support arm arrangement to a predetermined safe state.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling a wind turbine that has a generator that is controlled via a converter in a boost operation, in which an electrical power that is fed into an electrical transmission network is increased via a generative deceleration of the generator. The method comprises using a control to determining a set point value for a generator torque depending on an actual value of a rotational speed. The determined set point value for the generator torque is applied to a generator via a limiter with a predefinable upper and lower limit. Determining the set point value for the generator torque in boost operation that leads to an increased fed-in electrical power in response to a boost signal; and limiting a temporal change of the set point value for the generator torque in a recovery operation in response to a recovery signal.

Abstract: A method implemented using at least one processor module includes receiving a plurality of operational parameters corresponding to a plurality of wind turbines and obtaining a plurality of source sound power values corresponding to the plurality of wind turbines. The method further includes obtaining a receptor sound pressure value corresponding to a receptor location and estimating an attenuation model based on the plurality of source sound power values, and the receptor sound pressure value. The attenuation model disclosed herein comprises a plurality of attenuation coefficients. The method also includes determining at least one turbine set-point corresponding to at least one wind turbine among the plurality of wind turbines based on the plurality of attenuation coefficients, and the plurality of turbine operational parameters.

Abstract: A method for the maintenance of a first wind energy installation from a group of wind energy installations. In the method, a future maintenance time period is identified in which a boost power of the group of wind energy installations is greater than a prescribed threshold value, wherein the boost power results from a wind speed predicted for the future maintenance time period, said wind speed being greater than a rated wind speed. The power of the first wind energy installation is reduced after the start of the maintenance time period and a boost power is drawn from a plurality of wind energy installations from the group of wind energy installations. A maintenance process is carried out at the first wind energy installation. The invention furthermore relates to a control unit suitable for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A tower bottom cooling device for a wind turbine includes a tower and a heat sink configured to cool a heat generating component arranged at a bottom of the tower; a main air duct is provided inside the tower, and the heat sink is disposed inside the main air duct; a first fan is arranged in the main air duct, and is configured to drive air in the main air duct to flow to cool the heat sink; and the main air duct and an external environment of the tower together form an open cycle.

Abstract: An actuator device comprises an active matrix array of rows and columns of electroactive polymer actuators, each electroactive polymer actuator having a switching circuit. The switching circuit has a drive transistor and a capacitor arrangement. The capacitor arrangement is charged to a voltage derived from a drive voltage for the electroactive polymer actuator combined with a voltage derived from the drive transistor threshold voltage. During this programming of the capacitor arrangement, the EAP actuator is isolated from any current flowing. The switching circuit enables compensation for age-related changes in the threshold voltage. Thus, a low performance (i.e. with poor threshold voltage stability) transistor may be used, with measurement of the threshold voltage of the current-providing TFT once per frame time (or once per multiple frame times) to compensate for the aging effect.

Abstract: A micro-hollow cathode discharge device. The device includes a first electrode layer comprising a first electrode. A hole is disposed in the first electrode layer. The device also includes a dielectric layer having a first surface that is disposed on the first electrode layer. The hole continues from the first electrode layer through the dielectric layer. The device also includes a semi-conducting layer disposed on a second surface of the dielectric layer opposite the first surface. The semi-conducting layer is a semiconductor material that spans across the hole such that the hole terminates at the semi-conducting layer. The device also includes a second electrode layer disposed on the semi-conducting layer opposite the dielectric layer.

Abstract: A pump control assembly for controlling a variable displacement hydraulic pump includes a spool mounted within a valve block. The spool is configured to move between a first and a second position within the valve block so as to selectively control the displacement of the attached pump. The pump control assembly further includes first and second chambers that each apply a force to opposite ends of the spool. The first chamber is positioned at a first end of the spool in fluid communication with a pump output port. The second chamber is positioned at a second end of the spool and in fluid communication with a hydraulic tank port and a proportional pressure reducing valve. The second chamber also includes a piston and first and second springs positioned on either side of the piston.

Abstract: Disclosed is an air compressor in which a driving shaft and a crankshaft tube that surrounds the driving shaft are axially coupled, a clutch is installed between the driving shaft and a rear end of the crankshaft tube, and an air cylinder including a steam cylinder, a piston spaced apart at a certain distance from the steam cylinder, and an interval former installed between the steam cylinder and the piston is installed in a crankcase that forms a pump chamber, to prevent frictional ring plates that rub steel ring plates of the clutch together from being worn by a determined thickness or more by the interval former and simultaneously to cut off supplying of compressed air to the inlet of the air cylinder by the interval former in such a way that a connection state between the driving shaft and the crankshaft tube is continuously maintained.

Abstract: A linear compressor is provided. The linear compressor may include a piston having a first piston groove and a second piston groove.

Abstract: A membrane pump (1, 1?, 1?), in particular for use in the exhaust gas tract of a combustion engine (70), comprising a pressure housing (2), the internal volume (4) of which is subdivided by a number of resiliently deformable membranes (6) into a plurality of sub-volumes (8, 10) separated from one another on the gas side, wherein a biasing force is applied to the or each membrane (6) in such a way that in the pressure-free state the sub-volume (8) forming the primary side has a minimum value in relation to the deformability of the or each membrane (6), is to act so as particularly to increase effectiveness during use in the exhaust system of a combustion engine (70). For this purpose, according to the invention, a leaf spring (36) is provided as a restoring spring for applying the biasing force to the membrane (6).

Abstract: A compact pump includes a case, a diaphragm assembly disposed in the case at an upper position and includes diaphragm units which form respective pump chambers, and a swing body disposed in the case at a lower position and moves the plural diaphragm units in the top-bottom direction. The diaphragm assembly has intake valve elements for opening and closing respective air introduction holes. An upper cover of the case has an exhaust hole and ring-shaped recesses. The upper cover has tubular inner wall surfaces defining the respective ring-shaped recesses. The diaphragm assembly includes tubular exhaust valve elements which are disposed in the respective ring-shaped recesses so as to contact the plural respective tubular inner wall surfaces and a rib which is disposed at its center in the vicinity of the exhaust hole and connects center-side outer wall surfaces of the tubular exhaust valve elements.

Abstract: A reciprocating compressor for the oil and gas industry, the reciprocating compressor has a chamber, a timing valve, an actuator and a controller. A fluid entering the chamber via a suction valve is compressed inside the chamber, and evacuated from the chamber via a discharge valve. The timing valve is located between the chamber and a fluid volume at a relief pressure that is lower than a pressure in the chamber when the timing valve is opened. The actuator is configured to actuate the timing valve. The controller is configured to control the actuator such that to open the timing valve during an expansion phase of the compression cycle, and to close the timing valve when the relief pressure becomes equal to the pressure in the chamber or when the suction valve is opened.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the technological field of compressors and components and/or devices for compressors. Problem to be solved: The current state of the art includes cooling system of dual evaporation and/or dual suction. On the solutions already existing, the selection of one among the two evaporation/suction lines is done by high complexity constructive mechanisms. Problem resolution: The invention in question aims to simplify the construction of a selection mean of one among two evaporation/suction lines. For so, is revealed a suction acoustic filter for reciprocating compressor which integrates an automatic valve coupled to the inlet way of the suction acoustic filter and a valve of a way is coupled to the inlet way of the suction acoustic filter, being said automatic valve and said valve of a way acting selectively reciprocating, where the valve opening of a way ends up opening the automatic valve.

Abstract: A valve assembly includes a valve body, a seal, and a supplemental material. The valve assembly configured to reduce the effects of wear and erosion of the seal and valve body by including material with increased hardness. The supplemental material has a higher hardness level than the valve body and is inserted on the contact surface of the valve body. The seal can include a plurality of materials, each having different hardness levels. The location of the supplemental material can vary and the overall radial distribution on the contact surface may vary.

Abstract: A plunger pump includes a cylinder section having a cylinder chamber and a spacer section sliding against a portion of the plunger closer to a proximal end side than a portion of a plunger advancing and retracting into the cylinder chamber. The cylinder section is made of a material having first hardness, and the spacer section being made of a resin material having second hardness softer than the first hardness. A length in an axial direction from a proximal end of a sliding portion of the spacer section sliding against the plunger to a distal end of the spacer section is larger than a maximum stroke length of reciprocation of the plunger.

Abstract: A hydraulic machine is described having a first part (2) and a second part (3) moveable relative to said first part (3), one of said first part (2) and said second part (3) having a first land (9) resting against the other one of said second part (3) and said first part (2), having a predetermined first height (H1), and being arranged between a high pressure area (7) and a low pressure area (8). Such a machine should have a long working life. To this end a second land (10) having a predetermined second height (H2) smaller than said first height (H1) is located adjacent to said first land (9).