Abstract: In a compression-ignition engine having a two-stage cavity, the distribution ratio between fuel for an upper cavity and fuel for a lower cavity is maintained even when the operational state of the engine changes. A piston of the compression-ignition engine includes a lower cavity, an upper cavity, and a lip portion between the lower cavity and the upper cavity. A controller causes a main injection and at least one pilot injection to be executed when the engine operates in a first state and a second state in which the load is higher than the load in the first state. The fuel spray is distributed to the lower cavity and the upper cavity. The controller causes a ratio of injection amount per pilot injection to the total injection amount to be higher when the engine operates in the second state than when the engine operates in the first state.

Abstract: A throttle device includes: a default mechanism. The default mechanism includes: a defining portion arranged on the body to define the default position; a first rotation body which rotates integrally with the valve shaft; a second rotation body which can rotate relative to the valve shaft and which engages with the defining portion to limit the rotation in a valve-closing direction; a first urging spring which is interposed between the first rotation body and the body and urges the first rotation body in the valve-closing direction; and a second urging spring which is interposed between the first rotation body and the second rotation body, and urges so as to draw the first rotation body in a valve-opening direction and draw the second rotation body in the valve-closing direction to engage the two with each other and to maintain the engagement during the non-operation of the drive source.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for diagnosing an exhaust waste-gate valve via an electric boost assist motor of an electric turbocharger. Degradation of the waste-gate valve is inferred based on the motor torque profile of the motor after commanding the waste-gate valve to an open or closed position on a torque transient. Deviation of the motor torque profile from the expected profile is used to infer if the valve is stuck open or closed, and actions are taken accordingly.

Abstract: Hardware and software provide a system for propane injection modified in real-time by an AI engine driving fuel efficiency, whereby data for more than one vehicle within a truck fleet is agglomerated and shared. According to this example, the cost of propane per gallon is generally ? that of diesel, and our controller injects propane as an additive in far smaller amounts than diesel used, achieving a propane mpg of approximately 50-70 mpg. This means that a truck carrying 50 gallons of propane can get at least about 2200-3800 miles between refueling stops, in this example.

Abstract: A power system is disclosed. The power system may include one or more memories and a controller. The controller may determine an exhaust temperature of an engine associated with a continuously variable transmission or a hybrid transmission. The controller may determine a target increase to the exhaust temperature based on the exhaust temperature failing to satisfy a threshold. The controller may determine, based on a lookup table, a target increase to a torque output of the engine based on the target increase to the exhaust temperature. The controller may cause a parasitic torque of the engine to be increased based on the target increase to the torque output.

Abstract: A method and system for engine monitoring comprises a plurality of monitoring devices. A master monitoring device is provided which acts as a communication hub for one or more subsidiary monitoring devices. The master monitoring device is incorporated in or directly attached to the internal combustion engine and functions to sense a characteristic of the internal combustion engine. The monitoring device is configured to transmit data representative of the sensed characteristic to a remote application running on a remote device.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for tracking a fuel puddle mass in the intake port of a deactivated engine cylinder. The difference in fuel evaporation rate in the deactivated cylinder intake is accounted for by applying distinct time constant and gain values to a transient fuel compensation model. A fuel vapor content is clipped once the intake vapor pressure in the intake port of the deactivated cylinder reaches a saturation pressure limit.

Abstract: An engine-driven working machine 1 is provided with: a diesel engine 10; a generator body 30 driven by the engine 10; an exhaust gas purification device 20 for purifying exhaust gas discharged from the engine 10; a VGT 13 for throttling intake air to the engine 10; and a reserve load 40 which can be connected between the generator body 30 and a load. The VGT 13 is throttled when removing deposition substances in the exhaust gas purification device 20, thereby increasing the temperature of exhaust gas from the engine 10, and the reserve load 40 is connected to the generator body 30 when throttling intake air in order to remove deposition substances in the exhaust gas purification device 20, thereby increasing the amount of intake air to the engine 10.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an engine system control device capable of stabilizing a combustion state, while improving fuel economy by performing intake air heating. According to the present invention, there is provided an engine system control device which controls an engine system including an engine configured to combust air-fuel mixture, an intake air path configured to take air to the engine, and an intake air heating mechanism configured to heat the intake air, wherein a heating amount of the intake air is controlled depending on a combustion speed of the air-fuel mixture.

Abstract: In the case of restarting an internal combustion engine that has been automatically stopped during running, the internal combustion engine is restarted by combustion recovery starting when the rotation speed of the internal combustion engine under the input of a restart request is greater than or equal to a predetermined first rotation speed. In the case of restarting the internal combustion engine that has been automatically stopped during running, the internal combustion engine is restarted by cranking recovery starting when the rotation speed of the internal combustion engine under the input of the restart request is lower than the predetermined first rotation speed. The first rotation speed is set lower at the restart of the internal combustion engine in a sailing stop state than at the restart of the internal combustion engine in a coast stop state.

Abstract: A control method for a self-driving vehicle provided with an engine as a driving source, comprising: determining whether or not coast stop is executed in accordance with required driving force of the vehicle, the coast stop being for automatically stopping the engine during the vehicle traveling at speed not more than predetermined vehicle speed; setting the required driving force so that an intervehicular distance between the host vehicle and a preceding vehicle becomes closer to a predetermined distance under presence of the preceding vehicle in front of the host vehicle; predicting a behavior of the preceding vehicle from a situation in front of the preceding vehicle under presence of the preceding vehicle; and prohibiting release of the coast stop for the engine during an automatic stop when future deceleration of the preceding vehicle is predicted in response to an expansion of the intervehicular distance.

Abstract: An in-vehicle control device carries out fuel cut-off for stopping fuel injection from a fuel injection valve when a prescribed fuel cut-off condition including that a lockup clutch with which a torque converter is equipped is engaged and that an accelerator is off is fulfilled. Besides, the in-vehicle control device performs a fuel cut-off suspension process for carrying out fuel injection from the fuel injection valve and releasing the lockup clutch when there is a request to suspend fuel cut-off with the accelerator off. Also, the in-vehicle control device performs a speed increase process for performing shift control of an automatic transmission such that the rotational speed of a turbine impeller with which the torque converter is equipped becomes higher while the fuel cut-off suspension process is performed than when fuel cut-off is carried out.

Abstract: A method for controlling and regulating an internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation, in which an EGR rate is determined by a Kaiman filter from calculated and measured variables of the gas path and from calculated and measured variables of combustion. A method for the model-based control and regulation of an internal combustion engine includes calculating injection system set values for controlling the injection system actuators as a function of a set torque by a combustion model. Gas path set values for controlling the gas path actuators are calculated as a function of an EGR rate by a gas path model. A measure of quality is calculated by an optimizer as a function of the injection system and gas path set values. The measure of quality is minimized by the optimizer by changing the injection system and gas path set values within a prediction horizon.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for operating an internal combustion engine with a three-way catalytic converter with lambda control, comprising: monitoring a NO. sensor for a lambda value downstream of the converter; setting a threshold value determining a lambda setpoint value upstream of the converter using the difference between the setpoint value of the electrical signal and the measured electrical signal if the signal is below the threshold; if above the threshold value, determining the lambda setpoint value upstream of the converter using the difference between a NH3 setpoint value of the NO. sensor and the measured NH3 signal of the NO. sensor; and if the measured NH3 concentration is higher than the NH3 setpoint value, increasing the lambda setpoint value upstream of the converter and, if the measured NH3 concentration is lower than the NH3 setpoint value, reducing the lambda setpoint value upstream of the converter.

Abstract: A method for ascertaining emissions of a motor vehicle driven with the aid of an internal combustion engine in a practical driving operation. A machine learning system is trained to generate time curves of the operating variables with the aid of measured time curves of operating variables of the motor vehicle and/or of the internal combustion engine, and to then ascertain the emissions as a function of these generated time curves.

Abstract: A method for model-based control and regulation of an internal combustion engine. An emission class for operating the engine is read from a first library by an optimizer; a maximum mechanical component load is read from a second library by the optimizer using the engine type; and the emission class and the component load are set as mandatory for a combustion model and a gas path model. Injection system target values for actuating injection system actuators are calculated using the combustion model based on a target torque. Gas path target values for actuating gas path actuators are calculated using the gas path model based on the target torque. A quality measurement is calculated by the optimizer based on the injection system and gas path target values. The quality measurement is minimized by the optimizer by changing the injection system and gas path target values within a prediction horizon.

Abstract: A controller for a vehicle is provided. Temperature increasing control executed by a temperature increasing control unit executes a fuel drawing process to generate heat in a catalytic device and transfer the generated heat to a downstream side via gas flowing through the exhaust passage. The fuel drawing process performs fuel injection as a crankshaft is rotated when combustion in a cylinder is stopped to draw an air-fuel mixture containing unburned fuel into the catalytic device. An obtainment unit obtains an intake air temperature. A temperature increasing control unit controls an air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture in the fuel drawing process based on the intake air temperature so that when the intake air temperature is relatively high, the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture becomes a leaner value than when the intake air temperature is relatively low.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus for injecting fuel to an engine having cylinders, includes: injectors corresponding to the cylinders; a regulator for fuel pressure supplied to the injectors; and a processor. The processor performs: deciding to start a deposit removal for removing deposits adhering to injector-nozzles; and controlling each injector to inject fuel in a single injection mode for injecting one time or a divided injection mode for injecting multiple times in one combustion cycle and control the regulator based on engine operation condition. The controlling includes, when controlling each injector to inject fuel in the divided injection mode based on the engine operation condition, sequentially controlling each injector to reduce injection number in one combustion cycle when the deposit removal is decided to be started, and then controlling the regulator to increase fuel pressure.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine having at least two cylinders and having a single injector for central point injection of fuel into an air intake connected to the cylinders, wherein for each of the cylinders an injection quantity of the fuel and a starting time of the injection are specified and set as a function of the present engine load and the present engine speed. The invention further relates to such an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: In a compression-ignition engine having a two-stage cavity, the distribution ratio between fuel for an upper cavity and fuel for a lower cavity is maintained even when the operational state of the engine changes. A piston of the engine includes a lower cavity, an upper cavity, and a lip portion therebetween. A controller causes a main injection and at least one pilot injection to be executed when the engine operates in a first state and a second state in which the load is lower than the load in the first state. The fuel spray is distributed to the lower cavity and the upper cavity. The controller sets the timing of the pilot injection(s) so that the distribution ratio of the fuel spray of the pilot injection(s) for the lower cavity is higher when the engine operates in the first state than when in the second state.

Abstract: In a compression-ignition engine having a two-stage cavity, the distribution ratio between fuel for an upper cavity and fuel for a lower cavity is maintained even when the operational state of the engine changes. A piston of the engine includes a lower cavity, an upper cavity, and a lip portion between the lower cavity and the upper cavity. A controller causes a main injection and at least one pilot injection to be executed when the engine operates in a first state and a second state in which the load is lower than the load in the first state. The fuel spray is distributed to the lower cavity and the upper cavity. The controller outputs a control signal to a fuel injection valve so that a distribution ratio for the upper cavity is higher when the engine operates in the second state than when in the first state.

Abstract: In a compression-ignition engine having a two-stage cavity, the distribution ratio between fuel for an upper cavity and fuel for a lower cavity is maintained even when the operational state of the engine changes. A piston of the engine includes a lower cavity, an upper cavity, and a lip portion between the lower cavity and the upper cavity. A controller causes a main injection and at least one pilot injection to be executed when an engine operates in a first state and a second state in which the speed is higher than the speed in the first state. The fuel spray is distributed to the lower cavity and the upper cavity. The controller maintains an injection amount of the main injection and increases an injection amount of the pilot injection(s) when the engine operates in the second state as compared to when the engine operates in the first state.

Abstract: In a compression-ignition engine having a two-stage cavity, the distribution ratio between fuel for an upper cavity and fuel for a lower cavity is maintained even when the operational state of the engine changes. A piston of the compression-ignition engine includes a lower cavity, an upper cavity, and a lip portion between the lower cavity and the upper cavity. A controller causes a main injection and at least one pilot injection to be executed when the engine operates in a first state and a second state in which the speed is higher than the speed in the first state. The fuel spray is distributed to the lower cavity and the upper cavity. The controller increases an injection amount per pilot injection when the engine operates in the second state than when the engine operates in the first state.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine in which a plurality of cylinders are arranged in series in a cylinder section, pressures of the cylinders can be detected by a smaller number of pressure sensors. An engine in which a plurality of cylinders are arranged in series in a cylinder section includes a communication path through which combustion chambers of the cylinders adjacent to each other communicate with each other, and a pressure sensor is disposed in the communication path.

Abstract: A working piston for a reciprocating internal combustion engine having a piston head. In order to further reduce pollutant emissions, soot particle emissions and the fuel consumption of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, the piston head has a wave-like structure which is circular and which is arranged concentric to the longitudinal central axis of the working piston and has nanostructuring at least in regions.

Abstract: A thermoacoustic transducer apparatus is disclosed including at least one thermal converter operable to provide power conversion between acoustic power and thermal power in a pressurized working gas contained within a working volume, a portion of which extends through the thermal converter. The thermoacoustic transducer is operable to cause a periodic flow in the working gas during operation. The apparatus also includes a reservoir volume in fluid communication with the working volume through a conduit having a working volume end in fluid communication with the working volume and a reservoir volume end in fluid communication with the reservoir volume.

Abstract: A closed cycle regenerative heat engine has a housing (12) defining a chamber (14). A displacer (18) is housed in the chamber. A shaft (24) is connected with the displacer and extends from the chamber. A power piston (30) is housed in the chamber. The displacer (18) is secured to the housing (12) and is resiliently deformable from a rest condition in response to movement of the shaft (24) to displace the working fluid in the chamber. The displacer may be a multi-start volute spring. The displacer (18) may be provided with a heat storage reservoir to store heat received from a working fluid as the working fluid is displaced from a heating location in the chamber (14) to a cooling location in the chamber and reject heat to the working fluid when the working fluid is displaced from the cooling location to the heating location.

Abstract: A turbofan having a nacelle comprising a slider translatable between an advanced position and a retracted position to open a window between a duct and the exterior, a plurality of blades, each one rotatable on the slider between a stowed position and a deployed position, and a maneuvering system that moves each blade and comprises, for each blade, a shaft rotatable on the slider and on which the blade is fixed, and a toothed sector fixed to the shaft, and a toothed arc rotatable on the slider about a longitudinal axis, where the teeth of the toothed arc mesh with the teeth of each toothed sector, a cam, as one with the toothed arc, and a groove, as one with a fixed structure, which receives the cam and where, when the slider moves, the cam follows the groove and rotates the toothed arc.

Abstract: A bypass turbojet nacelle comprising a fixed structure, a fixed cowl and a cowl movable in translation between advanced and withdrawn positions by a ram with a reverser flap movable thereon, and a deployment system comprising a first slider integral with the movable cowl, a first groove comprising a first part and a curved, second part integral with the fixed structure, a second slider movable in translation in the second groove part, a first connecting rod rotatable on the first slider and on the second slider, and a second connecting rod articulated on both the first connecting rod first end and the reverser flap. The ram rod is articulated on the first connecting rod. Moving the first slider from the advanced to the withdrawn position moves the second slider along the first part and, when the first slider reaches the withdrawn position, the second slider moves along the second part.

Abstract: A ventilation device for controlling an air flow through at least one air inlet into an interior space of a gas turbine engine, comprises: at least one actuable closure device for the at least one air inlet, which has an open position for exposing the air inlet and can be transferred by actuation into a closed position for closing the air inlet; and a fire extinguishing device having an extinguishing agent arranged in a reservoir, wherein the fire extinguishing device is connected or can be connected to the interior space and the closure device in such a way that activation of the fire extinguishing device both leads to admission of extinguishing agent from the reservoir into the interior space and brings about actuation of the closure device to transfer the closure device into the closed position.

Abstract: A combined cycle propulsion system (CCPS) module combines a low-speed propulsion system (LSPS) such as a turbojet and a high-speed propulsion system (HSPS) such as dual mode ramjet engines with a mid-speed propulsion system (MSPS) such as a ejector ramjet engine to close a thrust gap between the upper operation limit of the LSPS and the lower operation limit of the HSPS in a flight vehicle. A cooling system ensures thermal protection of the non-operating LSPS during MSPS or HSPS operation by cooling tapped air from the MSPS or HSPS using a heat exchanger and expansion in a turbine/generator and directing cooled tapped air into the LSPS.

Abstract: A rocket engine has a combustion chamber having an inlet and an outlet, the inlet fluidly connectable to a source of oxidizer, the outlet in fluid communication with an environment outside the combustion chamber for expelling combustion gases, a first fuel having a first solid propellant and a second fuel having a second solid propellant, the first and second fuels located within the combustion chamber and configured to be exposed to the oxidizer injected in the combustion chamber via the inlet, the first solid propellant having a regression rate greater than that of the second solid propellant.

Abstract: A desuperheating spray chamber for use in a rocket exhaust recovery system for a nuclear thermal propulsion rocket, including a substantially-cylindrical outer tank with an upper end including an entrance port and two exhaust ports, a substantially-cylindrical shroud extending downwardly from an inner surface of the upper end of the tank, an annular inner spray ring that is both disposed within and concentric with the shroud; and an annular outer spray ring that is disposed between a side wall of the outer tank and the shroud, the annular outer ring being concentric with the shroud.

Abstract: A hybrid rocket engine system has: an oxidizer tank containing a liquid oxidizer; a rocket engine having a combustion chamber operatively connected to the oxidizer tank; a solid propellant fuel within the combustion chamber; a nozzle fluidly connected to the combustion chamber, the nozzle having a convergent section and a divergent section downstream of the convergent section; and a thrust vector control device operatively connected to the divergent section of the nozzle and operable to inject a fluid through at least one aperture defined through the divergent section for controlling a direction of a thrust generated by the rocket engine.

Abstract: A fluid valve which has a first valve assembly, having a valve needle, and an electromagnetic actuating device is disclosed. The electromagnetic actuating device has an armature, which is coupled to the valve needle, and a pole piece. The armature has on an armature stop side which is opposite the pole piece an armature stop surface, and the pole piece has on a pole piece stop side which is opposite the armature a pole piece stop surface. For advantageous refinement, it is proposed that the first valve assembly has a deformable first ring element and a deformable second ring element, wherein, in a view along the longitudinal central axis, an inner contour of the first ring element extends outside an outer contour of the second ring element. The invention also relates to a method for controlling the supply of fluid by means of a fluid valve according to the invention.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle control device configured to suppress power to be consumed by an arithmetic device while the vehicle operation is stopped, and to diagnose the operation frequency of the timer for abnormality. The vehicle control device of the present invention allows the bandpass filter to convert the operation frequency of the timer into the voltage value. The holding circuit holds the value corresponding to the converted voltage value. The arithmetic device diagnoses whether or not the timer has been normally operated using the voltage value held in the holding circuit.

Abstract: A fuel system having a fuel tank, a filler pipe for adding liquid fuel, a carbon canister for collecting fuel vapors from the fuel tank during a refueling operation, a stepper motor and a stepper driven valve for controlling fluid communication between the fuel tank and the canister, where the valve is configured to be positionable in a closed position, an open position creating a passageway with a first size, and one or more intermediate positions each creating a passageway with a size which is smaller than the first size and having a moving element, movable relative to a valve opening between a closed position and an opened position, the moving element having: a sealing means for making a leak tight seal and, a deflecting means for controlling the fluid flow, where the deflecting means protrudes inside the valve opening and is adapted to be located upstream relative to sealing means.

Abstract: A combustion method of liquid fuel is disclosed. The combustion method includes adding a gas having a higher flame propagation rate than the liquid fuel to the air, promoting mixing of the fuel and the air by combustion of the gas, and decomposing molecules constituting the liquid fuel into molecules with a lower molecular weight to perform combustion.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system utilizes an intake air pre-heater to selectively heat the cool, dry intake air prior to the mixing point with the hot, humid EGR gases. This intake air pre-heater utilizes available heat from a high pressure (HP) EGR heat exchanger, circulating a cooling/heating fluid between the HP EGR heat exchanger and the intake air pre-heater. The intake air pre-heater is disposed in an intake air filter box, optionally on the dirty side of the air filter, and includes a heat exchanger conduit that is contacted with the intake air. The selective operation of the intake air pre-heater is controlled via an electronic control module (ECM) of the vehicle, based on the operating conditions of the vehicle and an appropriate temperature control model. Flow of the cooling/heating fluid is selectively enabled/disabled by a pump and/or valve assembly disposed along the associated high temperature (HT) cooling/heating circuit.

Abstract: An engine system includes an engine with a combustion chamber, an intake line in which external air flows, and an exhaust line in which exhaust gas flows. A compressor is disposed in the intake line and rotated with a turbine to compress external air. A first recirculation line is branched off from the exhaust line and merged into the intake line. An EGR cooler cools exhaust gas flowing through the first recirculation line. A second recirculation line is branched off from the first recirculation line. A bypass line is branched off from the first recirculation line between an electric supercharger and the EGR cooler. A three-way valve is disposed where the bypass and first recirculation lines join. An intake valve is disposed in the intake line between where the first recirculation line and intake valve join and where the bypass line and intake valve join.

Abstract: A dual stage air filter system including a vent for receiving supply air from an air handler unit, a filter box attached to a back side of the vent, the filter box adapted to be mounted in fluid communication with a supply air passage from the air handler unit and passed through the vent, the filter box including a primary filter enclosed in the filter box for filtering air particles from the supply air received from the vent, and a duct collar attached to a backside of the filter box, the duct collar adapted to be mounted in fluid communication with the supply air passage from the air handler unit and passed through the vent and passed through the primary filter, the duct collar includes a secondary filter enclosed in the duct collar for filtering air particles from the supply air received from the primary filter.

Abstract: An intake structure of an engine includes an intake manifold as an engine side-part intake member that is provided on an intake side-surface of a cylinder head and connected to an intake system, which includes a first air cleaner as an engine upper-part intake member on an upper-part of the engine body; an intake opening member including an air inlet, an intake air passage guiding air sucked by the member through the first air cleaner to the intake manifold; a resonator as one of an engine upper-surface intake members provided on an upper surface of the engine body and nearer an exhaust system than and adjacent to the first air cleaner; and an intake manifold connected to the side-surface as an engine side-part intake member.

Abstract: An engine device including: an EGR device configured to circulate, as EGR gas, a portion of exhaust gas exhausted from an exhaust manifold manifold to an intake manifold; and an EGR cooler configured to cool EGR gas and supply the EGR gas to the EGR device. The EGR cooler includes a heat exchanger and a pair of flange portions. The heat exchanger has a coolant passage and an EGR gas fluid passage alternately stacked. The flange portions are disposed on the heat exchanger. An outlet of the coolant is disposed in one of the flange portions, while an inlet of the coolant is disposed in the other flange portion. An inlet of the EGR gas is disposed in one of the flange portions, while an outlet of the EGR gas is disposed in the other flange portion.

Abstract: An intake air filter box utilizing an intake air heater that inhibits the buildup of snow and ice within the intake air filter box, keeping the associated flow passages clear such that pressure loss is not adversely affected. This intake air heater can include an electric heater or a radiant heater coupled to the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system of the vehicle, or to another source of heated fluid. Preferably, the intake air heater is disposed on the “dirty” side of the filter disposed within the intake air filter box, adjacent to the intake air conduit and air intake of the vehicle. This is where the snow and ice accumulation occurs. A drain is provided in the bottom of the intake air filter box housing to allow the escape of water from the melted snow and ice, ensuring that this moisture is not delivered to the turbocharger and engine with the intake air.

Abstract: A fuel rail for an engine includes a tubular body having an outer surface and an inner surface, the inner surface defining a longitudinally extending fuel bore. The fuel rail also includes a valve bore extending normal to the fuel bore and extending through the outer surface of the tubular body at a first end and completely through the fuel bore to a second end.

Abstract: A vibration damping system for injection systems of motor vehicles includes an actively controllable actuator element, which is situated at a component of the injection system. The actuator element is situated at the component in such a way that, during operation of the injection system a vibration reduction of the injection system is achieved with the aid of an active control of the actuator element.

Abstract: An anti-reflection device for preventing the reflection of pressure waves inside a fuel injection valve. The anti-reflection device includes an essentially cylindrical base body with a first base side, a second base side, and an outer surface. The anti-reflection device also includes a longitudinal axis orientated parallel to a propagation direction of a pressure wave. The longitudinal axis penetrating the first base side and the second base side. The anti-reflection device also includes a flow path for fuel formed between the first base side and the second base side. The flow path forming a curve around the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An isolation mechanism for isolating a submerged pump in a storage vessel, where the isolation mechanism comprises a primary valve member and a secondary valve member, which are both biased in a fail-closed position. The isolation mechanism allows for redundancy for safety and reliability, and can be operated externally of the storage vessel. Furthermore, the isolation mechanism comprises venting and purging devices for safe operation of removal and installation of the pump in the storage vessel.

Abstract: Dispersibility of fuel in a combustion chamber is improved while adhesion of the fuel to a structure in the combustion chamber is suppressed, and a combustion state of the fuel in the combustion chamber is improved, thereby improving fuel efficiency and suppressing incomplete combustion. Therefore, in a fuel injection valve provided with the plurality of fuel injection holes surrounded by a seat portion, the fuel injection holes have different penetrations. At least one high-pressure fuel injection hole having the longest penetration and low-pressure fuel injection holes excluding the fuel injection hole are included. Among the inter-inlet distances of the adjacent fuel injection holes, an inter-inlet distance between the fuel injection hole and the fuel injection holes adjacent thereto is widest.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating a vehicle that includes an engine that may be automatically stopped and started are described. In one example, the inhibiting or preventing automatic engine stopping may be performed when a human driver releases a brake pedal, which causes the engine to automatically start, and the inhibiting may continue until vehicle speed exceeds a speed where the engine was automatically stopped.