Abstract: The present claimed invention makes it possible to simplify a structure of a multiple-reflection cell and to measure both a measuring objective component having a high concentration and a measuring objective component having a low concentration. The analysis device of this invention is to irradiate a light to a multiple-reflection cell into which a sample is introduced, to detect the light exiting from the multiple-reflection cell and to analyze a measuring objective component contained in the sample, and comprises a first light irradiation part that allows a first light to enter the multiple-reflection cell and a second light irradiation part that allows a second light to enter the multiple-reflection cell. The multiple-reflection cell has a pair of reflecting mirrors that reflect the first light and the second light.

Abstract: A colorimetric wet chemistry analyzer for determining a concentration of an analyte of interest in a sample is provided. The analyzer comprising includes a reaction chamber configured to receive the sample and facilitate a reaction that changes a color of the sample based on the concentration of the analyte of interest. A photometric cell is operably coupled to the reaction chamber to receive the sample and direct illumination therethrough. The photometric cell has a first illumination source configured to provide illumination at a first wavelength through the photometric cell and a second illumination source configured to provide illumination at a second wavelength through the photometric cell. The second wavelength is different than the first wavelength. A photo detector is configured to detect illumination passing through the photometric cell.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a gaseous sample, by comparing an incident light wave and a transmitted light wave, the method comprising: i) illuminating the sample with a light source emitting the incident light wave propagating up to the sample; ii) detecting a light wave transmitted by the sample; iii) detecting a reference light wave emitted by the light source and representing a light wave reaching a reference photodetector without interacting with the sample; iv) repeating i) to iii) at different measurement instants; v) estimating, at each measurement instant, an intensity of the reference light wave; vi) taking into account the estimated intensity of the reference light wave and the detected intensity of the transmitted light wave to perform a comparison, at each measurement instant; and vii) analyzing the gaseous sample as a function of the comparison.

Abstract: Disclosed are a food state measuring device, a food state measuring module, and a smart device including the same. The food state measuring device includes an optical spectrum acquiring unit configured to image a food to acquire an optical spectrum of the food, a database configured to store natural optical spectrum information for at least one food or a component of a food, and a control unit configured to measure a state of the food by comparing the natural optical spectrum stored in the database and the optical spectrum acquired by the optical spectrum acquiring unit.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for detecting agrochemicals in environments associated with agricultural equipment are described. Certain agrochemicals that are formulated for being detected using the systems, devices, and methods disclosed herein are also described. The devices, systems, and methods disclosed herein are generally configured to use spectral characteristics to detect agrochemicals in an environment associated with agricultural equipment. The spectral characteristics can be analyzed in various ways to provide different types of information about the agrochemicals and/or the environment.

Abstract: A gas analyzer has a probe member attachable to a flow path wall of a flow path through which an analyte gas flows and an analytical member having a second connection portion detachably attached to a first connection portion located at a base end. The probe member has a reflective portion and a measurement area defined therein for introducing the analyte gas. The analytical member has a light emission portion and a light reception portion. The light emission portion irradiates measurement light toward the measurement area, the reflection portion reflects the measurement light incident on the measurement area, and the light reception portion receives the measurement light reflected by the reflection portion. The probe member has a window portion isolating the measurement area from outside of the base end side and transmitting the measurement light.

Abstract: The present invention related to an electronic assay apparatus and a testing method thereof. The electronic assay apparatus for determining a result of an assay performed using a test strip comprises three light sources, only one detector and a microprocessor. The three light sources respectively illuminate light incident upon three different zones of the test strip. The detector detects light from the three zones alternately and the distances between the only one detector and the three light sources respectively are almost the same. Further, multiple openings corresponding to the three light sources respectively have the same size and/or shape. The microprocessor compares a calculating result value to only one threshold for showing a result.

Abstract: A mobile terminal and an operation method thereof are disclosed. A mobile terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a display; a front window disposed at a front of the mobile terminal; an inner frame formed with a hole configured to allow light to pass through from the front window; and a dust sensor comprising a light emitting portion and a light receiving portion, wherein the light emitting portion is disposed adjacent to the inner frame and configured to emit light through the hole, and wherein the light receiving portion is configured to generate a signal based on light sensed through the hole that is emitted by the light emitting portion and scattered by dust particles.

Abstract: Analyte arrays such as solutes in a slab-shaped gel following electrophoresis, and particularly arrays that are in excess of 3 cm square and up to 25 cm square and higher, are imaged at distances of 5 cm or less by either forming sub-images of the entire array and stitching together the sub-images by computer-based stitching technology, or by using an array of thin-film photoresponsive elements that is coextensive with the analyte array to form a single image of the array.

Abstract: A system for quantifying fluorescence elicited on a substance or sample. The system has an excitation light source configured to direct light to an waveguide network. The network has a probe tip adapted to transmit excitation light to the sample and receive fluorescence light elicited from the sample. A detector is configured to receive fluorescence light from the waveguide network and output a signal corresponding to the fluorescence light power, and a control system including a memory component configured to store signal to noise ratio threshold values.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for imaging particles and/or cells using flow cytometry. In one aspect, a method includes transmitting a light beam at a fluidic channel carrying a fluid sample containing particles; optically encoding scattered or fluorescently-emitted light at a spatial optical filter, the spatial optical filter including a surface having a plurality of apertures arranged in a pattern along a transverse direction opposite to particle flow and a longitudinal direction parallel to particle flow, such that different portions of a particle flowing over the pattern of the apertures pass different apertures at different times and scatter the light beam or emit fluorescent light at locations associated with the apertures; and producing image data associated with the particle flowing through the fluidic channel based on the encoded optical signal, in which the produced image data includes information of a physical characteristic of the particle.

Abstract: A method of monitoring for the presence of a hydroperoxide in an aqueous or non-polar environment includes steps of exposing a structured compound semiconductor material with peroxidase activity to the hydroperoxide in the environment and detecting electromagnetic radiation emitted by the structured compound semiconductor material with peroxidase activity upon exposure to the hydroperoxide. The luminescence emitting semiconductor material with peroxidase activity consists of a primary semiconductor material with a dopant prepared on a phytate scaffold.

Abstract: The invention is an iterative method for acquiring a spectrum of a particle that is subjected to an illumination. It may in particular be a Raman spectrum. The method includes successively acquiring spectra that are what are called elementary spectra. These elementary spectra are combined to form a combined spectrum, which may be obtained by summing said elementary spectra. With each elementary spectrum is associated an acceptance criterion that is representative of a variation between said elementary spectrum and the elementary spectra acquired beforehand. Depending on this acceptance criterion, the elementary spectrum is either rejected, or accepted, in which case it is added to the combined spectrum. The invention makes it possible to guard against a degradation of the particle under the effect of an excessive exposure to said illumination.

Abstract: Systems and methods for measuring the distance to a target object and acquiring scale and point-to-point distance information for that target object in an environment using a remotely operated flying platform, such as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The system uses on-board sensors and processing techniques to provide discrete or continuous measurements of the distances between points on a target object or the scale of the target object. The addition of on-board three-dimensional measurement capabilities to UAVs (or other flying platforms) allows the collection of distance data. Having this capability enables these systems to acquire distances between points on a single object, such as determining the true scale factors of items in images captured by the UAV, in the course of performing metrology-related tasks.

Abstract: It is therefore an objective to provide an object multi-perspective inspection apparatus and a method therefor. The apparatus includes an image capture device; an inspection site and at least two reflection devices, being arranged for reflecting simultaneously to the image capture device at least two different side views of the object located in the inspection site; wherein: the image capture device has a field of view including the at least two different side views of the reflection. By introducing reflection devices into the inspection apparatus to enable the image capture device to “see” the part from multiple views at once, multiple surfaces can be inspected at once, in one image frame, without having the need to reposition the reflection device, the camera and/or the object for every single surface. There are more than one reflection devices placed in the camera's field of view to assist the inspection process by exploiting otherwise hidden surfaces of any given solid object.

Abstract: A surface inspection apparatus includes: an inspection pattern forming unit that forms inspection patterns; a projection unit that projects the inspection patterns onto an inspection target object; a captured image acquiring unit that acquires captured images of the inspection target object; an edge extraction image creating unit that extracts edges from captured images, and creates edge extraction images; a correction coefficient setting unit that sets a correction coefficient for correcting intensities of edges in the edge extraction image; an intensity correcting unit that corrects the intensities of the edges; a corrected edge extraction image creating unit that creates corrected edge extraction images; an integrated image creating unit that creates a single integrated image by integrating the brightness values at the same position of the inspection target object; and a determination unit that determines the presence or absence of unevenness on a surface of the inspection target object.

Abstract: A test panel assembly is configured to be used with multiple tests for a single component. The test panel assembly may include a main body, a first test section formed on the main body, and a second test section formed on the main body. The first test section is configured for a first test, and the second test section is configured for a second test that differs from the first test.

Abstract: A weld scanner for a real-life bridge and scanning method thereof is disclosed. The weld scanner includes a running portion and a scanning portion mounted on a scanner chassis. A front end and a tail end of the scanner chassis are both provided with a laser range finder. A magnet is arranged at a bottom portion of the scanner chassis. The scanning portion includes a probe slider, a bendable metal pipe and a probe connected in sequence. A gear is arranged on the probe slider, and the gear is meshed with a rack inside a scanner chassis chute. The weld scanner scans while the running portion moves forward along a weld, and scans a suspected defect position more carefully when a magnetic field change is detected.

Abstract: A correction value calculation method includes: forming, on a recording medium, an inspection image in which two or more types of individual inspection images is formed; calculating a first correction value group including first correction values, and a second correction value group including second correction values, wherein, in the calculating, a combination of the first correction value regarding positional deviation of a light beam that affects density of the individual inspection image, of the first correction value group, and the second correction values regarding an influence amount of multiple exposure effect according to an image pattern corresponding to the individual inspection image, of the second correction value group, and the first correction value group and the second correction value group are calculated on the basis of density information regarding each density of the individual inspection image and the combination of the first and second correction values.

Abstract: A method of assisting the optical inspection of an object includes the steps of: determining a first three-dimensional image of the object; determining a first color or grey level two-dimensional image of the object; determining at least one first window (F1) on the first two-dimensional image surrounding a possible defect of the object from the first three-dimensional image and/or from the first two-dimensional image; determining a second two-dimensional image corresponding to the first two-dimensional image outside of the first window and corresponding to a first depth map of the object in the first window; and determining a second three-dimensional image (I3D?) corresponding to the first three-dimensional image having the second two-dimensional image applied thereon.

Abstract: An inspection fixture includes a base member, a support member coupled to base member, and an intermediate member coupled to the support member or the base member. The support member includes a radiolucent material for limiting artifacts in imagery of an industrial article supported by the inspection fixture. Inspection arrangements and imaging methods are also described.

Abstract: Ad. X-ray inspection apparatus includes a conveyance unit, an X-ray radiation unit, an X-ray detection, unit, and an image processing unit. The X-ray detection unit has a plurality of direct conversion-type X-ray detection element arrays disposed, side-by-side in rows along a direction intersecting both a conveyance direction in which an object is conveyed by the conveyance unit and a radiation direction in which X-rays are radiated by the X-ray radiation unit The image processing unit has an edge detection unit configured to carry out edge detection processing on an X-ray transmission image to generate an edge detected image, a horizontal direction gradation unit configured to carry out horizontal direction gradation processing on the edge detected image to generate a horizontal direction gradation linage, and a synthesizing unit configured to synthesize the X-ray transmission image and the horizontal direction gradation image to generate a post-processing X-ray transmission image.

Abstract: A sensor system comprises: a communications element and a switch configured to enable or disable the communications element. The switch comprises a switchable polymeric element. The polymeric element has at least a first electrical state and a second electrical state and is switchable between the first and second electrical states as a function of predefined environmental changes.

Abstract: An agricultural sensing system includes multiple sensor and/or actuator modules configured to communicate with a relay unit. The sensor and/or actuator modules are powered using solar energy and contain no batteries. The modules feature sleep modes in which some circuits are placed in a low energy mode to conserve energy and remove the need for batteries. Communications to or from the relay unit are optionally timed to avoid interference between transmissions from different sensor and/or actuator modules. The relay units are configured to relay sensor data and send commands to the sensor and/or actuator modules.

Abstract: A sensor comprises: an electrically comprises a switchable polymeric element. The polymeric element has at least a first electrical state and a second electrical state and is switchable between the first and second electrical states as a function of predefined environmental changes. The sensor comprises a polymeric matrix and a plurality of conductive particles embedded in the polymeric matrix.

Abstract: Invention biosensor that can be easily manufactured by a printing technique, can be mass-produced, and can measure a large amount of detection factors individually/continuously.

Abstract: A measuring method of measuring a concentration of a target ingredient in a sample by using a sensor including an interdigitated array electrode that includes a first electrode and a second electrode, and a reagent layer on the interdigitated array electrode, the measuring method includes: applying a voltage to between the first electrode and the second electrode; measuring a first current value of an electric current flowing between the first electrode and the second electrode; measuring a second current value of the current flowing between the first electrode and the second electrode; calculating the concentration of the target ingredient in the sample, based on a third current value; calculating a correction value, based on the first current value and the second current value; and a step of correcting the concentration of the target ingredient in the sample, based on the correction value.

Abstract: An electrochemical test device for use in determining a concentration of each of a first analyte and a second analyte in a fluid sample is provided. The electrochemical test device comprises a set of electrodes including a first working electrode having sensing chemistry for the first analyte and a second working electrode having sensing chemistry for the second analyte, wherein the first analyte is lactate and the sensing chemistry for the lactate comprises lactate oxidase and an electron transfer agent, and wherein the sensing chemistry for the second analyte comprises a diaphorase, an electron transfer agent, an NAD(P)+-dependent dehydrogenase and a cofactor for the NAD(P)+-dependent dehydrogenase.

Abstract: A gas sensor element having good sensitivity and responsiveness at low temperature, and a gas sensor are provided. The gas sensor element includes a solid electrolyte member made of an oxygen ion conductive ZrO2-based ceramic, and a reference gas-side electrode and a measuring gas-side electrode respectively provided on a surface and the other surface of the solid electrolyte member. The gas sensor includes the gas sensor element. The reference gas-side electrode and the measuring gas-side electrode are formed so as to face each other with the solid electrolyte member interposed therebetween, and are both made of a noble metal or a noble metal alloy. A mixed layer with an average thickness of 800 nm or less is formed between the solid electrolyte member and the reference gas-side electrode. The mixed layer contains a noble metal or a noble metal alloy and a ZrO2-based ceramic mixed with each other.

Abstract: A sensor element includes a NOx sensor part, a NH3 gas sensor part, and a single common electrode shared by the both parts. The former has a pump cell including a measurement electrode facing an internal space, a pump electrode formed on a surface of the element, and a solid electrolyte therebetween. The latter includes a sensing electrode formed on a surface of the element and having catalytic activity inactivated for a NH3 gas. The common electrode is located to be in contact with a reference gas. The NOx concentration is determined based on a potential difference occurring between the sensing electrode and the common electrode, and a current flowing through the pump cell in a state of controlling a voltage applied across the electrodes to maintain a potential difference between the measurement electrode and the common electrode constant.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) sensor includes an anode and a cathode with a polymer electrolyte disposed therebetween. The anode and cathode are configured with asymmetric catalyst loadings, such that the catalyst loading on the cathode is lower than that of the anode. Accordingly, due to the reduction of the amount of catalyst utilized, the cost of fabricating the sensor is substantially reduced.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first passivation layer disposed on a semiconductor base. The semiconductor device further includes a dielectric layer disposed on the first passivation layer. The semiconductor device further includes a plurality of pillars disposed in an opening in the dielectric layer and the first passivation layer and from a top surface of the semiconductor base. The semiconductor device further includes a metal layer disposed on the exterior surfaces of the plurality of pillars and sidewalls of the dielectric layer and the first passivation layer and on the exposed top surface of the semiconductor base. The semiconductor device further includes a second passivation layer disposed on the metal layer and a top surface of the semiconductor device; wherein the second passivation layer has an electrical charge.

Abstract: A liquid analyzer is one that performs analysis in a state of being immersed in a flowing analysis target liquid, and in order to simply make a good/bad determination and increase reliability, includes: a sensor adapted to, in a state where a responsive membrane is immersed in the flowing analysis target liquid, sense a predetermined component contained in the analysis target liquid; an analysis mechanism adapted to analyze the analysis target liquid with use of voltage generated in the sensor; and a resistance measurement mechanism adapted to, in the state where the responsive membrane is immersed in the flowing analysis target liquid, apply DC voltage to the responsive membrane to measure the resistance of the responsive membrane.

Abstract: A gas sensor which can improve an accuracy in detecting a specific gas component by properly correcting for the influence of residual oxygen is provided. The gas sensor includes a solid electrolyte plate, a measured gas chamber into which a measured gas flows, a pump cell which adjusts an oxygen concentration of the measured gas using a pump electrode, a monitor cell which detects a residual oxygen concentration of the measured gas using a monitor electrode, and a sensor cell which detects a specific gas component concentration of the measured gas using a sensor electrode. The maximum thickness of the sensor electrode is greater than the maximum thickness of the monitor electrode, and the difference between the maximum thickness of the sensor electrode and the maximum thickness of the monitor electrode is between 4 ?m and 30 ?m, inclusive.

Abstract: A method of mass spectrometry or ion mobility spectrometry is disclosed in which analyte ions of a desired charge state are isolated. The method comprises: separating analytes according to their electrophoretic mobility; ionising the analytes; and mass filtering the resulting analyte ions, wherein the mass to charge ratios of the ions transmitted by a mass filter are varied as a function of the electrophoretic mobility and according to a predetermined relationship such that substantially only ions having said desired charge state are transmitted by the mass filter.

Abstract: A preparation method for an aerolysin nanopore in this disclosure comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of an aerolysin; (2) preparation of a lipid bilayer membrane by pulling process; (3) forming of the aerolysin nanopore: the aerolysin nanopore is obtained at a current of 50±5 pA. The aerolysin nanopore prepared in the invention is structurally stable and has a high resolution with the whole internal cavity carried with a positive charge, can be used for detection without modification and is easily operated. Further, the aerolysin nanopore can be applied in DNA sequencing, DNA damage and Micro-RNA detection.

Abstract: An analysis instrument comprises plural modules connected together over a data network, each module comprising an analysis apparatus operable to perform biochemical analysis of a sample. Each module comprises a control unit that controls the operation of the analysis apparatus. The control units are addressable to select an arbitrary number of modules to operate as a cluster for performing a common biochemical analysis. The control units communicate over the data network, repeatedly during the performance of the common biochemical analysis, to determine the operation of the analysis apparatus of each module required to meet the global performance targets, on the basis of measures of performance derived from the output data produced by the modules. The arrangement of the instrument as modules interacting in this manner provides a scalable analysis instrument.

Abstract: A method is provided for analyzing a sample including a population of biological entities using at least one microfabricated device. A plurality of the microwells on the microfabricated device are each uniquely indexed, and loaded with a sample such that at least some microwells each include more than one cell of a biological entity. The microfabricated device was incubated at predetermined conditions, and a selected genetic material of the cells of the biological entities obtained from the incubation is amplified to obtaining amplicons. An aggregate of the amplicons are sequenced obtain sequencing data, based on which and the indexing of the microwells, an identification of the biological entities present in each of the plurality of microwells is obtained. Such identification can then be used to determine a relationship between different types of biological entities in the sample.

Abstract: An ion mobility spectrometer includes a drift tube responsive to application of at least a first voltage to establish a first electric field therein configured to cause ions within the drift tube to move along and about the drift tube while separating from one another as a function of ion mobility, and a transition region coupled to opposed ends of the first drift tube such that the drift tube and the transition region together define a closed path. The transition region is responsive to application of at least a second voltage to cause the ions to move along and about the closed path, to application of at least a third voltage to selectively pass ions into the drift tube and to application of at least a fourth voltage to selectively pass ions out of the drift tube.

Abstract: A method for identifying a defect opening profile includes: acquiring a vertical component of a magnetic flux leakage signal of a defect; identifying right-angle features and corresponding right-angle position points of the defect from the vertical component; obtaining all possible right-angle types at each right-angle position point of the defect according to the corresponding right-angle feature of the vertical component; traversing all the possible right-angle types at each right-angle position point to determine respective optimal right-angle type at each right-angle position point; and drawing the defect opening profile according to the respective optimal right-angle type at each right-angle position point.

Abstract: An extended reach inspection apparatus may include a scanner device and a robotic manipulator arm. The robotic manipulator arm may include a plurality of arm segments including a distal end arm segment and a proximal end arm segment. A movable joint may couple the distal end arm segment to the robotic manipulator arm. A telescoping extension mechanism may be coupled to the distal end arm segment. The scanner device is mounted to the telescoping extension mechanism for moving the scanner device between a retracted position proximate the robotic manipulator arm and an extended position at a distance from the robotic manipulator arm. A control handle may be coupled to the proximal end arm segment of the plurality of arm segments for manipulating the robotic manipulator arm.

Abstract: Disclosed is an eddy current inspection device for nondestructive testing. The device includes: a bobbin-shaped coil configured to be inserted into a specimen, which is an object of nondestructive testing, and to apply induction current to an inner diameter of the specimen; a reference coil configured to be inserted into a nondestructive specimen, which is a reference of the specimen, and to apply induction current to an inner diameter of the nondestructive specimen; a cylindrical manual sensor array configured to disposed in the bobbin-shaped coil and to include lines and rows; and a control module configured to select one or more frequencies of multiple frequencies, apply AC power to the bobbin-shaped coil and the reference coil, generate a square wave signal with a varying phase difference, and perform first multiplication by an applied signal and the square wave signal. Accordingly, it is possible to accurately detect a flaw.

Abstract: A method of detecting at least a partial blockage in a porous member separating an inner chamber of a device having a gas sensor responsive to an analyte positioned within the inner chamber and an ambient environment includes emitting pressure waves within the inner chamber and measuring a response via a sensor responsive to pressure waves positioned within the inner chamber.

Abstract: A method of detecting at least a partial blockage in a porous member separating an inner chamber of a device having a gas sensor responsive to an analyte positioned within the inner chamber and an ambient environment includes emitting pressure waves within the inner chamber and measuring a change in phase of a response via a sensor responsive to pressure waves.

Abstract: The ultrasound diagnostic apparatus acquires an ultrasound image for examining an inspection object using an ultrasonic beam, and includes a sound velocity determiner configured to determine a sound velocity in the inspection object, and a sound velocity searching range setting section configured to set a range in which a sound velocity is searched by the sound velocity determiner. The sound velocity searching range setting section sets a sound velocity searching range using a sound velocity calculated in a predetermined range with respect to at least one of space and time.

Abstract: Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS) is applied to diamonds (both cut/polished gemstones and rough diamonds) to yield a digital fingerprint from which the stone may be authenticated and sorted according to the structural quality. Diamonds are mined as rough stones from which they undergo examination to determine their value as being gem, or of two different industrial qualities. Fewer than 25% of mined diamonds are worthy of cutting and polishing to yield gems for jewelry. About 40% of the remaining population still have value as industrial diamonds for machine tools, and the rest is ground into dust to provide coatings for grinding applications. Rough stones exist in two conditions being coated and uncoated. The coated stones have a layer of polycrystalline diamond, different from the predominant crystal structure, rendering them opaque. This interferes with optical inspection, as any cracks, or inclusions can't be seen.

Abstract: There are proposed a method for measuring hydrogen-induced cracking which can measure hydrogen-induced cracking initiated in an interior of a test specimen during HIC test and a measuring apparatus used in this method. When cracks initiated in an interior of a test specimen 1 immersed in a test solution 5 containing hydrogen sulfide is measured by an ultrasonic probe 2 placed in a vessel 3, the position and size of cracks initiated in the interior of the test specimen 1 are measured with the lapse of time at a state of immersing the test specimen 1 in the test solution by scanning the ultrasonic probe 2 or the test specimen 1.

Abstract: A dual function non-destructive inspection apparatus comprises a frame structure, a thermographic inspection system, a displacement system, and an ultrasonic inspection system. The frame structure has a channel, a first end, and a second end. The channel extends through the frame structure from the first end to the second end. The thermographic inspection system is associated with the first end of the frame structure. The displacement system is connected to the second end of the frame structure. The ultrasonic inspection system is connected to the displacement system such that the displacement system moves the ultrasonic inspection system relative to the channel of the frame structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and a method for dynamic fractionation of a dispersed phase in a fluid. The device comprises a fractionation channel and from a first to a third injection ports. A first and a second confining fluids are injectable through the first and second injection ports, respectively. An elution fluid for transporting the dispersed phase is injectable into the channel through a third injection port which is arranged between the first and second injection ports. An end portion of the channel comprises from a first to a third terminal portion respectively arranged in correspondence to the first to the third injection ports and having a geometry such that the first and second confining fluids respectively have a first and second predefined flow rate and the elution fluid have a third predefined flow rate which is larger than the first and second predefined flow rates.

Abstract: A heater assembly used in chromatography includes a thermally conductive base having a chamber extending fully through the base with an opening at a first side of the base and at a second side of the base, and a cavity with an opening at the second side of the base. A heater is disposed within the cavity in thermal communication with the base. A thermistor assembly, having a thermistor within a thermally conductive body is disposed within the chamber. The body has a head region with a planar surface. The planar surface of the head region is exposed at the opening of the chamber at the first side of the base for making thermally conductive contact therewith. The thermistor assembly is thermally isolated from the base.