Abstract: Ceramic composite materials that are reinforced with carbide fibers can exhibit ultra-high temperature resistance. For example, such materials may exhibit very low creep at temperatures of up to 2700° F. (1480° C.). The present composites are specifically engineered to exhibit matched thermodynamically stable crystalline phases between the materials included within the composite. In other words, the reinforcing fibers, a debonding interface layer disposed over the reinforcing fibers, and the matrix material of the composite may all be of the same crystalline structural phase (all hexagonal), for increased compatibility and improved properties. Such composite materials may be used in numerous applications.

Abstract: A method of making a liquid hardening accelerator for a hydraulic composition the method comprising: (at adding sugar and lithium carbonate to water to form a dispersion of the lithium carbonate in a sugar solution; (b) adding aluminium sulphate to the dispersion to form a liquid hardening accelerator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the preparation of multi-nutrient potassic fertilizer, by recovering potassium from sugarcane molasses based alcohol distillery effluent (commonly known as ‘spent wash’). The process involves pre-treatment of spent wash to clarify the aqueous phase and utilization of the treated spent wash in production of potassic fertilizer. The present invention enables utilisation of spent wash for recovery of value-added product (viz., potash fertiliser of >99% purity) and improves ease of ‘Zero Liquid Discharge’ compliance by subjecting the relatively benign process effluent to industrially practiced techniques for water recovery and salt reclamation.

Abstract: Methods of treating a plant exposed to a phytotoxicant are provided. Embodiments of the subject methods include identifying a plant exposed to a phytotoxicant and applying an assimilable carbon-skeleton energy component-comprising composition to the identified plant. Embodiments of the subject compositions may include one or more of a macronutrient component, micronutrient component, vitamin/cofactor component, complexing agent and microbe. Kits for use in practicing the subject invention are also provided. The subject methods find use in a variety of different applications in which a plant is phytotoxic or at least in danger of becoming phytotoxic due to exposure or potential exposure to a phytotoxicant.

Abstract: Compounds, including chelated compounds, which may be used for the delivery of nutrients and micronutrients to plants are provided. In addition, processes for preparing such compounds, compositions comprising such compounds, and methods for delivering nutrients and micronutrients to plants with such compounds are provided.

Abstract: A system and method for reclaiming nutrients from dairy manure includes a centrifuge for separating a liquid fraction of the manure from a solid fraction comprising organic material; a mechanical vapor recompression evaporator (“MVR”) to receive the liquid fraction from the centrifuge and evaporating the liquid fraction by mechanical vapor recompression to produce ammonia-laden water vapor and a concentrated nutrient slurry; a dryer for drying the nutrient slurry to a selected moisture content to be available as an ingredient in compounded fertilizer; and an ammonia stripping tower assembly to receive ammonia-laden water vapor from the MVR and from it to precipitate ammonium sulphate salt and condense water as separate products.

Abstract: A strain of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (Gd) characterised by the presence of at least one nucleic acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS 1-10 or variants or paralogues thereof and/or the presence of a single plasmid of about 17566 bp in size. Such strains, exemplified by IMI504853, are useful in agriculture, in particular as they are able to colonise plants intracellularly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water-based non-sensitized matrix or explosive suspension which itself has a rheological behavior such that it allows mechanically loading upward boreholes. This suspension behaves like a viscous liquid when it is forced to flow due to the action of a loading pump, and, however, has the characteristics of a soft solid when it is on standby once inside the borehole. The composition essentially consists of an aqueous solution of oxidizing salts and optionally water-soluble fuels and/or sensitizers, and one or more water-soluble polymers conferring the desired rheological characteristics. Particles of oxidizing salts with a grain size such that they enhance the rheological behavior characteristic of the suspension are dispersed in this aqueous solution.

Abstract: Methods and systems for an explosive cord are disclosed. An explosive cord may comprise a tubing comprising an inner surface and an outer surface, a reactive material comprising hexanitrostilbene and/or boron potassium nitrate coupled to the inner surface of the tubing, and a hollow or solid core through the center of the explosive cord.

Abstract: It is disclosed a system for producing methanol/methane, said system comprising an electrolysis section (1) producing hydrogen and oxygen from the cleaving of water molecules, and said system further comprising a closed cultivation/breeding container/pond (5) for aquatic organisms creating CO2 through their metabolism to be liberated into the water surrounding said organisms forming CO2-rich water, said CO2-rich water being transported to a CO2-liberating section forming gaseous CO2 and CO2-poor water, said liberated gaseous CO2 being transported to a reactor (6,6?) and being combined with said hydrogen from said electrolysis plant (1) for creating methanol and/or methane as an end product, said methanol/methane being isolated and exited from said system.

Abstract: A process is used for oligomerizing C2- to C8-olefins in several reaction stages in which the starting mixture and the respective outputs from the reaction stages are separated and are fed to different reaction stages.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for forming an oligomer product comprising (a) introducing into a reaction zone (i) ethylene; (ii) a heteroatomic ligand metal salt complex comprising a heteroatomic ligand complexed to a first metal salt; (iii) a second metal salt wherein an equivalent molar ratio of the second metal salt to the heteroatomic ligand of the heteroatomic ligand metal salt complex is at least 0.5:1 and where the second metal salt is an iron salt, a cobalt salt, or any combination thereof; (iv) an organoaluminum compound; and (b) forming an oligomer product. Also disclosed herein is a process comprising (a) introducing into a reaction zone (i) ethylene; (ii) a heteroatomic ligand; (iii) a metal salt where an equivalent molar ratio of the metal salt to the heteroatomic ligand is at least 1.5:1; (iv) an organoaluminum compound; and (b) forming an oligomer product.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides natural gas and petrochemical processing systems including oxidative coupling of methane reactor systems that integrate process inputs and outputs to cooperatively utilize different inputs and outputs of the various systems in the production of higher hydrocarbons from natural gas and other hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: A process for producing benzene comprising the steps of: (a) separating a source feedstream comprising C5-C12 hydrocarbons including benzene and alkylbenzenes into a first feedstream comprising a higher proportion of benzene than the source feedstream and a second feedstream comprising a lower proportion of benzene than the source feedstream and subsequently, (b) contacting the first feedstream in the presence of hydrogen with a first hydrocracking catalyst, and (c) contacting the second feedstream with hydrogen under second process conditions to produce a second product stream comprising benzene, wherein i) the second process conditions are suitable for hydrocracking and step (c) involves contacting the second feedstream in the presence of hydrogen with a second hydrocracking catalyst, ii) the second process conditions are suitable for toluene disproportionation and involve contacting the second feedstream with a toluene disproportionation catalyst or iii) the second process conditions are suitable for

Abstract: A process and an apparatus are disclosed for a compact processing assembly to fractionate lighter components from mixed hydrocarbon streams. The hydrocarbon stream is supplied to the processing assembly between an absorbing means and a mass transfer means. A distillation vapor stream is collected from the upper region of the absorbing means and cooled in a first heat and mass transfer means inside the processing assembly to partially condense it, forming a volatile stream and a condensed stream. The condensed stream is supplied to the absorbing means as its top feed. A distillation liquid stream is collected from the lower region of the mass transfer means and heated in a second heat and mass transfer means inside the processing assembly to strip out its volatile components, forming a relatively less volatile stream and a vaporized stream. The vaporized stream is supplied to the mass transfer means as its bottom feed.

Abstract: A process for separating xylenes from a feedstock in which the feedstock is separated into a xylene stream, a benzene rich stream and a light ends stream. Two separation zones may be utilized in which liquid from the first zone sent to a toluene recovery zone and vapor from the first zone is sent to a compression zone. The compressed vapor from the compression zone is sent to the second separation zone.

Abstract: A method for separating a mixture of materials A and B by extractive distillation, using an extraction medium having a higher affinity to B than to A, collecting a liquid fraction on a collecting tray and heated and partially evaporated in a first indirect heat exchanger, collecting the resultant vapor is released into the column and a non-evaporated proportion of the liquid fraction in the sump of the column, and a series of heating, separation and cooling where partially cooled extraction medium fraction is used as heating medium for a heat exchanger.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of a aryl compound of Formula (1).

Abstract: A process for producing a chlorinated alkane in which an alkene or an alkane feedstock is contacted with chlorine in a chlorination zone to produce a reaction mixture containing the chlorinated alkane, wherein the chlorine supplied into the chlorination zone has an oxygen content of less than about 2000 ppmv and wherein: the chlorination zone is closed to the atmosphere, and/or the chlorination zone is operated under atmospheric or superatmospheric pressure, and/or the chlorination zone is operated under an inert atmosphere, and/or the content of dissolved oxygen in the alkene or alkane feedstock is less than 2000 ppm.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a bisphosphite compound giving higher selectivity for the target product with maintaining a high reaction rate. The present invention relates to a dihydroxybiphenyl compound represented by the following formula (1) and a bisphosphite compound represented by the following formula (2): wherein in formulae (1) and (2), each of R1 to R4, R11 to R14, and Z1 to Z4 is the same as defined in the description.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to scalable processes for extracting, refining and fracationating extracts of natural products, such as plant material and for providing well controlled refined extracts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polyhydric phenol compound which has an excellent alkali resistance and which does not cause a deterioration in color even when used as a resin raw material or a color developer. The polyhydric phenol compound includes: a bisphenol compound (A) represented by the following Formula (1) and a trisphenol compound (B) represented by the following Formula (2): [wherein R1 represents a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 6 to 24 carbon atoms; each of R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms; and each of a, b, c, d and e represents an integer from 0 to 4]; wherein the trisphenol compound (B) is contained in an amount, in terms of absorption intensity ratio at 254 nm, of less than 1.6% by area with respect to the amount of the bisphenol compound (A).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene, including: reacting terephthaloyl chloride with diphenyl ether in the presence of a Lewis acid, so as to obtain a product mixture including 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-Lewis acid complex, wherein the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-Lewis acid complex is, at least partly, in the form of a precipitate; carrying out a solid/liquid separation of the product mixture to obtain a cake comprising the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-Lewis acid complex precipitate; putting the cake in contact with a decomplexing solvent, wherein the decomplexing solvent is a protic solvent, so as to dissociate the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-Lewis acid complex into 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene; and, recovering the 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene. Also, a method for manufacturing a polyaryletherketone polymer starting from 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene manufactured by the above method.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for providing a succinic acid solution, comprising the steps of —providing a first magnesium succinate containing medium with a magnesium succinate concentration of 18-23 wt. % to a first acidification reactor where it is contacted with hydrogen chloride to form a solution of succinic acid, magnesium chloride and hydrogen chloride, —providing a second magnesium succinate containing medium with a magnesium succinate concentration of 25-50 wt. %, and contacting it in a second acidification reactor with the solution of succinic acid, magnesium chloride and hydrogen chloride withdrawn from the first acidification reactor, to form an aqueous mixture comprising magnesium chloride and succinic acid with a succinic acid concentration of at least 18 wt. %. The method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a solution comprising succinic acid and magnesium 20 chloride with an increased succinic acid concentration.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of purifying acetic acid. The method comprises passing a feed stream comprising acetic acid through a distillation column; contacting the acetic acid with a permanganate oxidizing agent and hydrogen gas within the distillation column; withdrawing an acetic acid product from the distillation column; and withdrawing a gaseous product stream from a top portion of the distillation column, wherein the gaseous product stream comprises ethane, methane, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to esters of carboxylic acid agrochemicals comprising a labile protecting group and having formula (I). Certain of the esters of carboxylic acid agrochemicals do not undergo hydrolysis to a significant degree in the dark, but are cleaved to regenerate the parent carboxylic acid agrochemical when exposed to light. Others of the esters of carboxylic acid agrochemicals undergo hydrolysis under both light and dark conditions. The present invention further relates to methods for the controlled release of a carboxylic acid agrochemicals, and to methods of controlling unwanted plants comprising applying to the unwanted plants an ester of a carboxylic acid agrochemical.

Abstract: Methods of preparing substituted bicyclo[0.1.1.1]pentane compounds of Formula (I) comprise reacting a compound of Formula (A) with a compound of Formula (B) in the presence of a first transition metal catalyst selected from a palladium catalyst and a nickel catalyst, where the variables R1, R2, X1 and X2 are as described herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a purification unit (200) which is able to separate crude MMA from light and heavy impurities in order to obtain high quality of MMA, suitable to produce optimal grade polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The unit (200) comprises two distillation columns (210, 250) in series, fed with mixture to be distilled in their median part, in order to separate each column in two upper (213, 253) and lower (212, 252) parts, the first distillation column (210) being fed with crude prewashed MMA, and the second distillation column (250) being fed with distilled liquid stream containing MMA, separated from light impurities, issued from bottom of first distillation column (210). The upper part (213) of first distillation column (210) is connected to a lateral extraction system (220), able to minimize MMA content in light impurities flowing upward said first column (210).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a first repeat unit defined by where R includes a first hydrocarbon chain that includes at least one olefinic bond, R5 includes a second hydrocarbon chain, the second hydrocarbon chain may be saturated, and n may be between 2 and 1,000.

Abstract: The present invention relates to lipid comprising docosapentaenoic acid and/or docosahexaenoic acid preferentially esterified at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerol, and processes for producing and using the lipid.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the formation of terephthalate esters. The present invention also relates to the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or poly(ethylene glycol-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate) and the recovery of terephthalate esters.

Abstract: Compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds are useful in the treatment of neoplastic diseases or proliferative disorders. The compounds are formulated into pharmaceutical compositions, which can be used in methods of treating neoplastic diseases or proliferative disorders The compounds are useful to treat cancers such as prostate, pancreatic, lung, skin, breast, bladder, colon, and blood cancers.

Abstract: A method for preparing an aryl substituted p-phenylenediamine substance is provided. A structural formula of the aryl substituted p-phenylenediamine substance is shown as Formula (I?), where each of R? and R? is phenyl or o-methylphenyl, and R? is same as or different from R?; and the method comprises that: a raw material A and a raw material B are reacted in the presence of a hydrogen acceptor and a catalyst to form the aryl substituted p-phenylenediamine substance, the raw material A having a structure shown as Formula (I), the raw material B being cyclohexanone and/or o-methylcyclohexanone and the hydrogen acceptor being a hydrogen acceptor capable of accepting hydrogen for conversion into the raw material B. Raw materials are low in cost and readily available; use of a large amount of water for post-treatment is avoided. The reaction condition is relatively mild, and corrosion to equipment is avoided.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting cyclic alkyleneureas into their corresponding alkyleneamines. The process includes reacting a feedstock comprising cyclic alkyleneureas in the liquid phase with water in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 20 mole water per mole urea moiety, at a temperature of at least 230° C., with removal of CO2. The process may allow the efficient conversion of alkyleneureas into the corresponding alkyleneamines. In certain embodiments, the process has a high yield and low side product production.

Abstract: Disclosed is a preparation method for a racemic adrenaline as represented by formula II. The method comprises the following steps: compound 1 is directly racemized in an acidic solution to produce compound 2, the acid solution comprising neither sodium bisulfite nor salicylic acid; and specifically comprises (a), in the acid solution of which the pH is 0.5-1.5, compound 1 is placed under the protection of nitrogen gas and, with the reaction temperature being controlled at 75-95° C., stirred and reacted for 1-3 hours; (b) the reaction solution is controlled at a temperature of 5-20° C., into which an activated carbon is added, under the protection of nitrogen gas, stirred for 20-40 minutes, and filtered, then a filtrate is collected; the filtrate is controlled at a temperature of 5-20° C., the pH thereof is adjusted using ammonia to 8.5-9.5, and is filtered when the pH is stabilized, and a filter cake is washed and dried to produce a high purity racemic adrenaline white powder.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for separation of enantiomers of the amino acid from a racemic mixture. The process comprises electrolyzing the first electrolyte having 1 molar solution of lithium perchlorate and 0.01 molar solution of racemic mixture of amino acid in an electrochemical cell containing a working electrode having polycrystalline metal surface configured to adsorb L-enantiomer of amino acid using a saw-tooth current. Further, the polarity of the saw-tooth current is reversed to de-adsorb the L-enantiomer of amino acid from the working electrode into the second electrolyte re-filled in the cell. The process of the present disclosure to separate enantiomer of amino acid from a racemic mixture is simple and economical.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compounds of formula: wherein R1, R2, and n are defined as set forth in the specification, and related aminobutanoic acids. The present disclosure also provides compositions comprising these compounds and methods for modulating ASCT2 function in a patient in need thereof.

Abstract: A series of novel amides showing broad pharmaceutical activity. Compounds described herein are effective as anticonvulsants, chemical countermeasures, and analgesics. Such compounds also show, neuroprotective/neuroreparative effects and activity against spinal muscular atrophy. Such pharmaceutically active compounds show utility in the treatment of central nervous system (“CNS”) diseases and disorders, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, migraine headaches, schizophrenia, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, ALS, and Huntington's disease) spasticity, and bipolar disorder. Furthermore, such compounds may additionally find utility as analgesics (e.g., for the treatment of chronic or neuropathic pain) and as neuroprotective agents useful in the treatment of stroke(s), and/or traumatic brain and/or spinal cord injuries.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method capable of selectively synthesizing cationic lipids by controlling the introduction rate of a fatty acid group with respect to an oligoalkyleneamine by the change of reaction conditions.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing taurine by subjecting an ammonia solution ammonium isethionate in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and hydrogen to an ammonolysis reaction to form ammonium taurinate. Taurine is obtained by decomposing ammonium taurinate to taurine and ammonia and recovered by solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed dye compounds containing a hydrazinyl substituent and optionally, one or more negatively charged groups, such as sulfonate, phosphate, phosphonate, and/or carboxylate groups and dye compounds containing an aminooxy substitutent. The compounds are useful in the detection of analytes containing aldehyde and ketone groups, including, for example, glycans.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel sotalol derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same that are are useful as pharmaceutical agents in the treatment of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof. In formula (I), R1 and R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, or an unsubstituted or substituted C1 to C6 alkyl group or the like. R2 represents a hydrogen atom, or an unsubstituted or substituted C1 to C6 alkyl group or the like. R3 represents an unsubstituted or substituted C1 to C6 alkyl group or the like. R5 represents a C1 to C6 haloalkyl group or the like. G represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. R6 and R7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, or an unsubstituted or substituted C1 to C6 alkyl group or the like. n represents 0 or 1. R8 and R9 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, or an unsubstituted or substituted C1 to C6 alkyl group. Ar represents an unsubstituted or substituted C6 to C10 aryl group or the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a crystalline form of dextral oxiracetam. The crystalline form has a diffraction peak when a diffraction angle, 2?, is 17.76±0.2°, 20.16±0.2°, 21.20±0.2°, 24.17±0.2°, or 25.88±0.2°. The crystalline form of dextral oxiracetam can promote synthesis of phosphorylcholine and phosphoethanolamine, boosts cerebral metabolism, has a stimulating function on a specific central nervous pathway through a blood-brain barrier, and has special biological activity in the field of sedation and the antiepileptic field. The crystalline form of dextral oxiracetam of the present invention is a water-containing crystalline form, contains 0.5 water molecules, loses crystallization water at 73.5±2° C., and is melted and decomposed at 138.0±2° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sulfonamides of formula (I) wherein A, R1, and R2 are as defined herein. Also disclosed are medicaments comprising the compounds of formula (I) and their use for the treatment of metabolic and/or cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract: Provided is a method for regenerating an aromatic amide compound into a corresponding aromatic nitrile compound, the method realizing a dehydration reaction of providing a target compound selectively at a high yield, with generation of a by-product being suppressed. Also provided is a method for producing an aromatic nitrile compound that decreases the number of steps of the dehydration reaction and significantly improves the reaction speed even at a pressure close to normal pressure. In addition, the above-described production method is applied to a carbonate ester production method to provide a method for producing a carbonate ester efficiently. The above-described methods are realized by a method for producing an aromatic nitrile compound including a dehydration reaction of dehydrating an aromatic amide compound, in which the dehydration reaction uses, as a solvent, any of 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene.

Abstract: The synthesis and in vitro and in vivo anti-breast and anti-prostate cancers activities of novel C-4 heteroaryl 13-cis retinamides that modulate Mnk-eIF4E and AR signaling are discussed. In both breast and prostate cancer cell lines, these compounds induce Mnk1/2 degradation to substantially suppress eIF4E phosphorylation. In prostate cancer cells, the compounds induce degradation of both full-length androgen receptor (fAR) and splice variant AR (AR-V7) to inhibit AR transcriptional activity. The consequences of these multiple activities resulted in inhibition of cell growth and migration and induction of apoptosis. Finally and importantly, the compounds demonstrate strong in vitro and in vivo anti-breast and anti-prostate cancer activities, with no apparent host toxicities.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions including a hydantoin derivative compound, pharmaceutical compositions including a hydantoin derivative compound, methods of treatment of a condition (e.g., bacterial infection) or disease, methods of treatment using compositions or pharmaceutical compositions, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a compound of the formula (I), which acts as an agonist of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, which induce phosphorylation and activation of AMPK?, thereby further regulating downstream signaling pathways, inhibiting growth and proliferation of liver cancer cells and breast cancer cells, and also inducing apoptosis of adipocytes. Therefore, the compound provided by the present invention can be utilised for treatment and preparation of pharmaceutical composition for cancer, and lipid metabolism-related diseases or syndromes mediated by AMPK.

Abstract: The invention relates to 3-(carboxyethyl)-8-amino-2-oxo-1,3-diaza-spiro-[4.5]-decane derivatives, their preparation and their use in medicine, particularly in the treatment of pain.