Abstract: This disclosure relates to a machining tool having a base body which is rotatable about a rotary axis and movable in a feed direction along the rotary axis, at least one cutting element which is fixed on the base body and has a front cutting edge pointing in the feed direction, and a flute associated with the cutting element and formed by a recess in the base body. In order to control the chip flow, according to this disclosure, a flute cover mounted on the base body is proposed, which outwardly covers a chip removal area of the flute adjoining the cutting element.

Abstract: A self-aligning counter bore cutting tool and method detachably attaches to a drill, and is rotatably driven by the drill, so as to cut a counter bore into a subfloor. The cutting tool includes an annular frame that has unique arm slots for retaining a plurality of cutting blades in a fixed position while rotating and cutting. A plurality of fastening blocks work to securely retain the blades in the arm slots. At least one oversized depth restriction frame extends beyond the blades to restrict the blades from cutting the counter bore beyond a predetermined depth. The frame includes a protruding shaft bushing that securely receives a drill chuck from the drill to create a secure, aligned coupling to the drill. The shaft bushing also aligns the blades with a mudsill fastening plate in the subfloor, so as to create a concentric counter bore at the appropriate depth in subfloor.

Abstract: Locking mechanisms are provided for locking the position of a miter gauge assembly to a sliding table of a table saw. The mechanisms are biased to a locking position and this bias can provide a sensible indication that the lock has been engaged. The locking mechanisms are configured to engage the guide bar of the miter gauge assembly at different locations along the length of the guide bar, particularly by engaging a series of spaced apart engagement notches. The locking mechanism thus allows the miter gauge assembly to be locked at several positions along the length of the sliding table, from a fully inboard position to a position in which the miter gauge assembly projects beyond the end of the sliding table. The locking mechanism is provided in different embodiments with manually actuated components that can be push/pull, pivoting, rotating or sliding.

Abstract: A cross-cutting circular saw device comprising: a frame (1); a guide (10) carried by the frame (1) and adapted to span an object (5) to be cross-cut by sawing; a carriage (3) mounted for reciprocal movement along the guide (10); at least one circular saw blade (4A, 4B) carried by the carriage (3); a motor (11) for moving the carriage (3) and rotating said at least one saw blade (4A, 4B), said motor (11) being fixed to the frame (1); a first transmission (2) arranged between the motor (11) and the carriage (3) for transforming an output of the motor to a reciprocating movement of the carriage (3) along the guide (10); and a second transmission (8, 9) arranged between the carriage (3) and the at least one saw blade (4A, 4B) for transforming the reciprocating movement of the carriage (3) to a rotation of said at least one saw blade (4A, 4B).

Abstract: A blade clamp for use with a power tool having a reciprocating spindle. The blade clamp comprises a cover threaded to the spindle for relative axial movement thereto in response to rotation of the cover relative to the spindle, an ejector pin positioned within the spindle, and a spring coupling the cover and the spindle. The spring biases the cover toward a first rotational position relative to the spindle coinciding with a locked configuration of the blade clamp. The cover is rotatable against the bias of the spring toward a second rotational position relative to the spindle coinciding with an unlocked configuration of the blade clamp. In the unlocked configuration, the ejector pin maintains the cover in the second rotational position. In response to insertion of a blade into the spindle, the blade clamp is automatically adjustable from the unlocked configuration to the locked configuration.

Abstract: A saw wire to cut hard and brittle materials is disclosed that comprises a steel wire that is provided with bends with segments in between. The average degree of bending of the bends is between 0.5% and 5%. Such a saw wire has a higher breaking load compared to saw wires having a conventional, higher average degree of bending. A method to measure the curvature is described as well as a process to make the inventive saw wire. The invention is applicable to any shaped saw wire for example a single crimped saw wire, a saw wire with at least two crimps in different planes, a saw wire with crimps rotating in a plane.

Abstract: To provide a wire collection device of a wire electrical discharge machine capable of collecting a used wire electrode even while a power supply for the wire electrical discharge machine is not turned off and even during electrical discharge machining. A wire collection device of a wire electrical discharge machine comprises: a first collection box having a wire inlet provided at a top portion; a second collection box having a wire inlet provided at a top portion, housed in the first collection box, and capable of being taken out to the outside through an access port formed in the first collection box; and a partition plate provided to be openable and closable for partitioning the interior of the first collection box into lower space for housing the second collection box and upper space, and for making communication between the lower space and the upper space.

Abstract: A device for identifying a spark-erosion wire conditioned on a coil includes a radio tag, rigidly connected to the coil and accessible for reading data that it supports, identification data of the wire, supported by the radio tag, a data-reading device, associated with a wire spark-erosion machine, capable of reading the identification data supported by the radio tag of the coil, and capable of transmitting the identification data to the wire spark-erosion machine, an acquisition device for generating and recording over time as identification data, in the radio tag, historical data selected from the group that consists of historical usage data describing usage conditions of the wire supported by the coil and historical constraint data describing physical constraints to which the wire supported by the coil is subjected.

Abstract: Provided is a manufacturing method for a cooler, including brazing: a cooling plate (10) made of an aluminum alloy containing 0.35 mass % to 0.9 mass % of Mg and 0.2 mass % to 0.

Abstract: A metallic structure defines ribs and a skin supported by the ribs. The ribs may be defined by metal strips and the skin may be attached to the ribs. Alternatively, the skin may be defined by a plurality of tiles and the ribs may be defined by flanges of each of the plurality of tiles that cooperate to define the ribs. Tiles may be attached to separate rib lattice. Structurally weak locations at nodes where ribs intersect may be reinforced. The components may be brazed together and the stiffness of adjacent locations in the structure adjusted in the brazing operation to reduce the difference in stiffness and to reduce resulting stress risers. The metallic structure may be armored using metal foam to absorb the energy of a projectile.

Abstract: In some examples, a method of forming a logo on a device includes forming, using a laser, a pattern on an outer surface of a housing of the device, and soldering a metal to the pattern formed using the laser, the soldered metal forming the logo.

Abstract: A soldering tip for a soldering iron is presented. In one aspect, the soldering tip is used in a hand-held soldering iron for soldering an electrical connection element on an electrically conductive structure on a substrate. The soldering tip includes a substantially hemispherical end portion. Also presented is a method for producing a pane with an electrical connection element using the soldering tip with a hand-held soldering iron.

Abstract: An automatic wire arranging device includes a controller, at least one driving device electrically connected with the controller, a first wire clamping jig connected with the at least one driving device, a second wire clamping jig disposed to the first wire clamping jig, at least one charge-coupled device camera connected with the controller, and at least one puncher pin connected with the at least one driving device. The first wire clamping jig opens a plurality of first clamping slots. Each of the plurality of the first clamping slots opens a through-hole. The second wire clamping jig opens a plurality of second clamping slots. The at least one puncher pin is capable of penetrating through the through-hole and pushing against a core wire to be away from one of the plurality of the first clamping slots and be blocked in one of the plurality of the second clamping slots.

Abstract: A method for automated circumferential welding of a workpiece by means of at least one welding device, including: (a) determining a further weld path for a further weld to be welded on the workpiece, the further weld extending from a start point, via a downstream part to a stop point, (b) determining first welding parameters associated with the further weld and adapted to weld the further weld on the workpiece, the first welding parameters are adapted to transfer a first level of heat to the workpiece, (c) identifying at least one overlap area in the further weld path between the downstream part and the start point of the further weld or between the further weld and a start or stop point of a previous weld, (d) determining a boost area, the boost area including the at least one overlap area, (e) determining boost welding parameters associated with the boost area and adapted to weld the further weld in the boost area, the boost welding parameters are adapted to transfer a second level of heat to the workpiece,

Abstract: A sprocket wheel, which is a machine component configured to slide relative to a bushing while being in contact with the bushing in an outer peripheral surface, includes a base made of a first metal, and an overlay that covers the base so as to constitute the outer peripheral surface. The surface of the overlay constituting the outer peripheral surface has been smoothed. Such a smoothed surface of the overlay makes the sprocket wheel less damaging to the bushing.

Abstract: A welding system includes a power source configured to generate power and deliver the power to a welding torch. The power is provided in accordance with an electrode negative pulse welding regime that includes a cyclic peak, followed by a stabilization phase, then a return to a background level. The stabilization phase has a generally parabolic current shape, and is performed in a current-closed loop manner until a transition point, where control becomes voltage-closed loop until the background level is reached. Resulting weld performance is improved, with a globular-like transfer mode, reduced shorts and enhanced arc stability.

Abstract: A welding system includes a power source configured to generate power and deliver the power to a welding torch. The power is provided in accordance with an electrode negative pulse welding regime that includes a cyclic peak, followed by a stabilization phase, then a return to a background level. The stabilization phase has a generally parabolic current shape, and is performed in a current-closed loop manner until a transition point, where control becomes voltage-closed loop until the background level is reached. Resulting weld performance is improved, with a globular-like transfer mode, reduced shorts and enhanced arc stability.

Abstract: A resistance spot welding method inhibits, in accordance with the electrode angle, the occurrence of cracking in the weld regardless of the steel grade. The resistance spot welding method satisfies relationships: 2·A·(t·T/F)1/2?H when 0?A<1 (3·A?1)·(t·T/F)1/2?H when 1?A<10 (A+19)·(t·T/F)1/2?H when 10?A<20 where H (ms) is an electrode force retaining time after completion of current passage, A (degrees) is an electrode angle of the electrodes, t (mm) is a sheet thickness of a steel sheet having a largest sheet thickness among the steel sheets, T (MPa) is a tensile strength of a steel sheet having a highest tensile strength among the two or more steel sheets, and F (N) is the electrode force.

Abstract: A method connects at least two components made of different materials by thermal joining. The two components include a first component made of a material that is suitable for thermal joining and a second component made of a material that cannot be processed using the thermal joining method of the first component. The method includes introducing an auxiliary joining part into the second component forming a form-locking connection and/or a force locking connection. The auxiliary joining part of is made of a material that can be thermally joined to the first component. The first component is thermally joined to the auxiliary joining part in the second component so as to produce a connection between the first component and the second component. The thermal joining is carried out by a beam welding method.

Abstract: A friction stir welding tool includes a stir pin, a pin holder, and a housing. The pin holder supports the stir pin to rotate with the stir pin around a rotation axis of the stir pin and has a front portion and a rear portion opposite to the front portion along the rotation axis. A tip end of the stir pin projects from the front portion. The housing houses the pin holder such that the pin holder is rotatable relatively to the housing. The tip end of the stir pin projects from the housing. The housing includes an engaging portion engageable with a spindle frame of a machining head such that the rear portion of the pin holder is attached to a rotation spindle of the machining head to rotate the pin holder. The rotation spindle is rotatable relatively to the spindle frame.

Abstract: In a method of friction stir welding two pieces of material of greatly differing melting temperatures, provision is made that the first piece of material is overlapped by the second piece of material. The rotating pin of the friction stir welding tool provides for a butt joint welding and an overlap welding at the same time in that the pin is moved along the face side and contacts it either not at all or at most to a minimum extent. The same also applies to the planar side of the first piece of material, which is overlapped by the less stable piece of material.

Abstract: In one aspect, methods of fabricating cutting tools employing ultrahard materials are described herein. A method of making a cutting tool comprises electronically loading a cutting tool pattern into a laser machining system and providing a blank to the laser machining system, the blank comprising a layer of ultrahard material. The cutting tool pattern is administered to the blank via a single laser processing step to form the cutting tool including at least one as-formed cutting edge comprising the ultrahard material and having an edge radius less than 10 ?m. The single laser processing step can provide the cutting tool in final form, thereby obviating further processing steps.

Abstract: A laser light irradiation device includes a laser light source, a spatial light modulator, a controller, an objective lens, and an intensity distribution acquisition unit. The laser light source generates laser light. The spatial light modulator includes a display unit configured to display a phase pattern, allows the laser light to enter the display unit, and modulates the laser light in accordance with the phase pattern to emit the laser light. The controller controls the phase pattern to be displayed. The objective lens converges the laser light emitted from the spatial light modulator at the object. The intensity distribution acquisition unit acquires an intensity distribution of the laser light emitted from the spatial light modulator and entering the objective lens. The controller displays, on the display unit, the phase pattern including a marking configured to modulate part, in the laser light, not entering a pupil plane of the objective lens.

Abstract: In a laser machining machine (1) for laser welding of workpieces, in particular for lap welding of DBC structures, comprising a laser beam generator for generating a laser beam and an optical imaging system for imaging the laser beam into a machining plane, according to the invention, the optical imaging system comprises an optical beam-shaping system, which images the laser beam in the machining plane with an imaging depth (?d) of at least ±2 mm, preferably of at least ±5 mm, in such a way that the radial power density distribution (Pr) of the laser beam is bell-shaped along the imaging depth (?d) in each plane at right angles to the beam axis and the maximum values (Pmax) of these bell-shaped power density distributions (Pr) along the imaging depth (?d) vary in relation to one another by less than 10%, preferably by less than 5%.

Abstract: The laser welding method according to the present disclosure has a first step for forming a weld bead by irradiating an object to be welded with a laser beam along a first helical trajectory around a first center of rotation moving in a welding direction, and a second step for irradiating the object to be welded with a laser beam along a second helical trajectory around a second center of rotation moving in the welding direction. A diameter of rotation of the laser beam in the first step is larger than a diameter of rotation of the laser beam in the second step.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for joining two components (1, 2), a first component (I) and a second component (2), in the region of a joint zone by means of at least one laser beam. In a first phase, the first component (I) is melted, and a melt lens is formed in the first component (I) from the molten material (9). In a second phase, at least one pressure pulse is applied to the melt in the direction of the second component (2) until the melt lens is deflected into the joint gap as a result of the pressure pulse, bridges the joint gap, and comes into contact with the second component (2), and energy is transmitted to the second component (2) as a result of the melt lens coming into contact with the second component. A temperature curve results in the second component (2) as a result of the energy transmission such that the melting temperature is reached on the upper face of the second component (2), and a melt film is formed.

Abstract: A system for making a welded assembly. The system may include a welding system that is configured to weld a first part to a second part with a laser beam. The system may further include an integrated feeder nozzle that includes an inlet manifold that receives a shield gas, and a nozzle body secured to the inlet manifold. The nozzle body may include a plurality of peripheral apertures that extend through the conical distal region and that are arranged around a central axis of the nozzle body. The system may further include a wire feeder disposed in the inlet manifold and the nozzle body. The wire feeder receives a welding wire and guides the welding wire to the central aperture.

Abstract: Systems and methods for additively manufacturing or repairing a component from a base material. The system may include an inoculation source to direct inoculation materials and a laser metal deposition (LMD) system to direct laser energy during laser processing of additive materials deposited in a melt pool on the base material. The LMD system includes a laser energy source configured to direct laser energy towards the base material and inoculation materials to form the melt pool thereon and to process the deposited additive materials and inoculation materials to form layers on the base material upon solidification.

Abstract: Provided is a superhigh strength gas shielded welding wire containing V, the mass percentage contents of the chemical elements thereof being: 0.08-0.12% of C, 0.65-0.80% of Si, 1.80-1.95% of Mn, 0<Cu?0.25%, 0.20-0.40% of Cr, 0.2-0.6% of Mo, 1.30-1.80% of Ni, 0.08-0.20% of Ti, 0.01-0.05% of V, 0.0070-0.0130% of N, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities. Also provided is a method for manufacturing the welding wire. A weld metal obtained after welding with said welding wire has a higher strength and toughness, and also has a good crack resistance, weldability and plasticity.

Abstract: A welding wire for high-strength steel for improving slag coagulation includes a combination of Carbon, Manganese, Silicon, Aluminum, Sulfur, and Selenium. With use of the welding wire, the generation of slag is minimized, and the slag is allowed to induce the generation of crystalline oxides having a low surface energy, so that the slag is easily removed, and the flow of a molten pool to the center in a width direction of a weld bead do that the slag is coagulated.

Abstract: There is provided the use of at least one ionic liquid as a soldering/brazing flux. There is also provided a method of soldering a metal comprising applying a solder/braze comprising a flux to a surface of the metal and heating said metal to a desired soldering/brazing temperature, wherein the soldering/brazing flux comprises one or more ionic liquids.

Abstract: A flux includes a rosin resin, an activator, a thixotropic agent, and a solvent. The solvent includes 30% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less monovalent alcohol with respect to a total mass amount of the flux. The monovalent alcohol has 18 or more and 24 or less of carbon atoms in one molecule.

Abstract: A pressure tool for rotor blade repair including a mobile support system including a support surface, a first bladder support assembly including a first inflatable bladder fixedly mounted to the support surface, a second bladder support assembly including a second inflatable bladder pivotally mounted relative to the support surface, and an activation mechanism operatively coupled to the second bladder support assembly. The activation mechanism is operable to selectively shift the second bladder support assembly relative to the first bladder support assembly. A fluid delivery system is operable to direct a fluid into each of the first inflatable bladder and the second inflatable bladder.

Abstract: A pumping apparatus includes a pump configured for moving air, a housing supporting the pump, and an air output in communication with the pump. The apparatus further includes a power cord connected to the pump for providing electrical power to the pump and a standing base on a first end of the housing configured to support the pump apparatus in a standing configuration. The standing base includes a base mount configured for receiving and supporting at least a portion of the power cord wrapped around the base mount.

Abstract: Provided is an insertion guide that performs accurate rotation correction between a shaft and a hole and phase correction between the shaft and hole. The shaft includes: a first guide portion at a distal end of the shaft having a diameter smaller than a diameter of the hole; a second guide portion, provided on a base end side of a first narrow cylindrical portion, and having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the hole and larger than a diameter of the first narrow cylindrical portion; and a third guide portion, provided at the distal end of the shaft, and is a recessed portion to be engaged with a protruding portion formed in the hole. The shaft being inclined with respect to the hole, is brought into contact with the hole at two points or less before the third guide portion is brought into contact with the protruding portion.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a component and a component manufacturing apparatus to attach an attached part in a predetermined posture to a ring-shaped channel formed in an outer circumference of a component main body. While being held by holding portions, a ring-shaped seal body is placed in contact with a tapered portion and has its diameter expanded to at least the outer diameter of the component main body. The seal body elastically deforms from the expanded-diameter state so that its diameter reduces and is attached to the attachment channel in the outer circumferential surface of the component main body while being guided by the holding portions.

Abstract: A locating pin assembly including a locating pin movable between extended and retracted positions. The locating pin includes a locating pin top having a top end and a bottom end, a locating pin base receiving the bottom end of the locating pin top, and a dowel pin configured to couple the locating pin top and locating pin base together. The locating pin assembly also includes a drive rod moveable relative to the locating pin. The drive rod includes a drive rod top having a top end and a bottom end, and a drive rod base partially housing the drive rod top. The locating pin assembly also includes a finger coupled to the drive rod and movable between extended and fully retracted positions, the finger is extended by the drive rod without movement of the locating pin, and the finger is rotatable from a first position to a second position.

Abstract: A pallet changing apparatus adopting a table 4 capable of moving back from and forth for a side of a turning shaft 1 and having a oscillating portion 41 for placing workpieces W, W by means of pallets P, P so as to oscillate freely by an upright portion 42 at the leading end of the table 4, wherein the turning shaft 1 covers a turning supporting portion 11 at its lower end side and turns together with a pallet changing arm 3 and moves freely in a vertical direction, and an insertion and removal hollow space 20 is provided, at the covering region, and allows the upright portion 42 to be inserted into the insertion and removal hollow space 20 and removed from the insertion and removal hollow space 20.

Abstract: A coolant supply device 1 includes a coolant tank 2 storing coolant therein, a mounting member 14 covering a part of an upper opening of the coolant tank 2, and supply pumps 32, 33, 34 mounted to the mounting member 14 and configured to pump up coolant C from the coolant tank 2 and supply the pumped-up coolant C to predetermined destinations. The coolant supply device 1 is configured such that the coolant C supplied to the predetermined destinations by the supply pumps 33, 34 is returned to the coolant tank 2. The mounting member 14 is supported by support members 16, 17, 18 such that it is slidable to a non-covered side of the upper opening of the coolant tank 2.

Abstract: A powered high-speed cutting tool that also locates objects behind sheet material and subsequently cuts around the object. The tool incorporates at least one sensor having a transceiver emitting a signal to detect at least one from the group of object density, conductivity, distance, and identification. The sensor is housed within a sensor unit that is part of the body of the cutting tool. The sensor unit can be incorporated into the body or removable from the cutting tool. A marking unit is used to mark the cutting area of the sheet material and is generally part of or located near a sensor unit. Indicator members, such as lights, audio, and/or display screen, are used to provide information to the user.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a milling drum for removing glued-down floor coverings, in particular wooden floor coverings, preferably parquet floor coverings, in particular multilayer parquet, with a predetermined milling width which determines the width of a floor surface section by running the milling drum over the floor surface section to be machined, having a plurality of cutting plates which are arranged tangentially on the milling drum and which are arranged in a distributed manner on the milling drum, such that, upon a complete revolution of the milling drum, the entire milling width is operable with at least one cutting plate and such that a common width of the cutting plates being in contact simultaneously with the floor surface section to be machined is always smaller than the milling width.

Abstract: A compensating pad for applying to an ophthalmic lens blank to be blocked, or for interposing between an ophthalmic lens blank and a block piece. The compensating pad comprises a main body that is designed to be elastic having a maximum thickness corresponding to a maximum layer thickness difference of the ophthalmic lens blank, in order to locally compensate for the layer thickness difference of the blocked ophthalmic lens blank.

Abstract: The present application discloses a single-point diamond dresser for a grinding wheel based on acoustic emission online monitoring, which includes a support module, an anti-interference module, a compression cooling module and an acoustic emission online monitoring module. An acoustic emission sensor monitors the dressing state of the grinding wheel online; a damping sheet and a damping interlayer greatly reduce external noise interference; a high pressure coolant causes an upward elastic deformation of an elastic spacer and the damping sheet, enlarging a contact force between the acoustic emission sensor and the core and moreover improving a sensitivity of the acoustic emission sensor; the coolant flows through the coolant passages in the core to cool a dressing area; current limiting passages, pressure relief cavities and perforated pressure-relief plates limit flow and reduce a pressure of the coolant, reducing the interference of the coolant on the grinding wheel dressing.

Abstract: A method of removing material from a surface of a workpiece includes discharging a flow of fluid towards a workpiece at a pressure and a flow rate that facilitates forming a plurality of cavitation bubbles, and introducing abrasive media. The method includes exciting the abrasive media with the cavitation bubbles, removing material from the workpiece by an interaction between the cavitation bubbles and the abrasive media, and the surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: A coil spring includes a helically formed wire having end turn portions at ends thereof, a plurality of first rough surfaces, each including first shot peening indentations formed on a part of a surface of the end turn portions, and a second rough surface including second shot peening indentations formed on the entire surface of the wire except for the first rough surface. The second rough surface has a surface roughness different from that of the first rough surface.

Abstract: An annular grinding stone is provided which includes a cutting edge with a plurality of V-shaped slits defined in an outer circumferential portion thereof is provided. Each of the V-shaped slits is defined by a first surface and a second surface of the annular cutting edge. The first surface is positioned rearwardly of the second surface with respect to a direction along which the annular grinding stone rotates, and the second surface is positioned forwardly of the first surface with respect to the direction along which the annular grinding stone rotates. The first surface lies perpendicularly to the direction along which the annular grinding stone rotates at a radially outer end thereof and parallel to thicknesswise directions of the annular cutting edge. The second surface is inclined with respect to the first surface at an angle ranging from 30° to 60°.

Abstract: A coated abrasive article includes a backing, a make layer, crushed abrasive particles, and a size layer. The crushed abrasive particles include: 35 to 100 weight percent of initial crushed abrasive particles having a first composition and first size grade, wherein a majority of the initial crushed abrasive particles are platey crushed abrasive particles, and wherein each platey crushed abrasive particle has a respective length, width, and thickness; and 0 to 65 weight percent of crushed filler particles having a second composition and a second size grade. The first and second compositions and/or size grades are different. The coated abrasive article has a direction of intended use, a majority of the platey crushed abrasive particles of the coated abrasive article are positioned with their thickness oriented substantially parallel to the direction of intended use. A method of making the coated abrasive article is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to abrasive articles that include abrasive aggregates of silicon carbide with a vitrified bond, and methods of making and using such abrasive articles and abrasive aggregates. In particular, the abrasive aggregates can possess a combination of beneficial properties and comprise a vitreous binder composition having a specific composition, sintering temperature, glass transition temperature, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A clamping assembly sized to clamp adjacent body panels of a vehicle together for an assembly operation includes a handle assembly including a handle that rotates in a first plane about a pivot location. A jaw assembly includes a first jaw structure that moves relative to a second jaw structure in a second plane parallel to the first plane. A linkage assembly operably connects the handle assembly and the jaw assembly using an actuation pin such that rotating the handle assembly in the first plane moves first jaw structure toward and away from the second jaw structure in the second plane between open and closed configurations by extending and retracting the actuation pin relative to the second jaw structure.

Abstract: Provided are a substrate holding device and a substrate holding method that enhance the precision of the shape of a substrate while holding the substrate. The substrate holding device includes a first holding member 1, including a plate-shaped first base 10, and a second holding member 2, including a thin plate-shaped second base 20. The first base 10 has an airway 102 extending to the upper surface of the first base 10. The second base 20 has a through hole 202 extending in a thick direction of the second base 20 at a center portion of the second base 20. The second base 20 includes, on the upper surface of the second base 20, multiple protrusions 211, which protrude upward, and at least one annular ridge 212, which protrudes upward in a substantially annular shape coaxial with the first base 10 and surrounds an upper opening of the through hole 202 and the multiple protrusions 211.