Abstract: An optical modulator capable of curbing deterioration of transmission properties due to deformation of a housing is provided. Provided is an optical modulator including a substrate (10) on which an optical waveguide (20) is formed and a housing (30) that accommodates the substrate, in which the optical waveguide includes mode conversion branching portions (21, 22) which convert a mode of light waves propagating through the optical waveguide and branch the light waves, a mounting portion (32) protruding from a surface (31) inside the housing and holding the substrate is formed, and the substrate is fixed to the mounting portion in an arrangement in which a fixed end (33) between the substrate and the mounting portion is positioned outside a region including the mode conversion branching portions when the substrate is seen in a plan view.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low-profile splice protection system for protecting multi-fibre fusion splice sites. The splice protection system comprises coating material to package the splice site and may comprise a protective housing.

Abstract: A cladding mode light removal structure includes: an input-side exposure portion where a covering is removed from an end of an input-side optical fiber to expose a cladding of the input-side optical fiber; an output-side exposure portion where a covering is removed from an end of an output-side optical fiber to expose an output-side cladding of the output-side optical fiber; a fusion splice portion at which the input-side exposure portion and the output-side exposure portion are connected by fusion splice; a fiber housing portion having an accommodation space that receives the input-side exposure portion, the output-side exposure portion, and the fusion splice portion; a high refractive index resin having a refractive index equal to or higher than that of the cladding exposed at the input-side exposure portion; and a low refractive index portion of a medium.

Abstract: Cable node transition assemblies are provided. A cable node transition assembly includes an outer nut extending along a longitudinal axis between a first end and a second end, the outer nut including an outer thread at the second end. The cable node transition assembly further includes a fiber optic cable. The cable node transition assembly further includes a cable positioning assembly connected to the outer nut and extending from the first end of the outer nut. A portion of the cable is disposed within the cable positioning assembly. The cable positioning assembly is operable to alternately fix the cable in a first position and a second position. In the first position the portion of the cable disposed within the cable positioning assembly extends along the longitudinal axis. In the second position the portion of the cable disposed within the cable positioning assembly extends away from the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A fiber optic element of a fiber scanning system includes a motion actuator having longitudinal side members, an internal orifice, a first support region, a central region, and a second support region. The fiber optic element also includes a first fiber optic cable passing through the internal orifice and having a first fiber joint as well as a second fiber optic cable passing through the internal orifice. The second fiber optic cable has a second fiber joint disposed in the central region and spliced to the first fiber joint, a second coupling region, a light delivery region, and a light emission tip. The light delivery region is characterized by a first diameter and the light emission tip is characterized by a second diameter less than the first diameter.

Abstract: Examples herein relate to optical systems. In particular, implementations herein relate to an optical system including a bidirectional optical link such as an optical fiber. The optical system includes a resonator tuned to filter a resonant wavelength of light emitted by an optical source. The optical source may be configured to emit light having multiple wavelengths, and the resonator may be configured to receive light emitted by the optical source. The optical system may further include a photodetector to receive the resonant wavelength and measure a power of the resonant wavelength. The optical system may further include a controller coupled to the optical source. The controller may receive the measured first power of the resonant wavelength and change the state of the optical source when the measured power of the resonant wavelength is outside a per-wavelength threshold range.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the beam parameter product and/or numerical aperture of a laser beam is adjusted utilizing a step-clad optical fiber having a central core, a first cladding, an annular core, and a second cladding.

Abstract: Systems for providing an optical rotary joint are provided. In some embodiments, a system comprises: a lens-less optical rotary joint, comprising: a guide ferrule; a rotatable ferrule; a rotatable optical fiber, the rotatable optical fiber passing through the rotatable ferrule and the guide ferrule, the rotatable optical fiber being secured within the rotatable ferrule, and the rotatable optical fiber being freely rotatable within the guide ferrule; and a coupler to secure the guide ferrule and receive a static ferrule including a static optical fiber such that a face of the static optical fiber is proximate a face of the rotatable optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical plug connector (1) having a base body (2) extending in a longitudinal direction (x) with a front end (24) having a first opening to receive a ferrule (7) protruding above the front end (24) of the base body (2) and a rear end (25) having a second opening to receive an optical cable. An articulated locking arm (4) is formed on the front end (24) of the base body (2) and protrudes obliquely toward the rear. A cap (10) is arranged at the base body (2) in front of the articulated locking arm (4) and pivotable about a hinge axis (20) of a hinge (19) to protect the ferrule (7) in a closed position and release the ferrule (7) in an open position. The cap (10) is arranged above the ferrule (7) and in front of the locking arm (4) in a transversal direction (y).

Abstract: A connector assembly includes an adapter, a housing device, a ferrule assembly, and a sensor. The housing device is received by the adapter and has a bore, a front end, and a rear end opposite the front end. A ferrule of the ferrule assembly is within the bore of the housing device and has a mating end extending beyond the front end of the housing device. The sensor is mounted on the rear end of the housing, the rear end of the ferrule assembly, or on the adapter confronting and spaced apart from the housing device or the ferrule assembly. The sensor is configured for detecting a force applied by the housing device or the ferrule assembly, respectively. An electrical characteristic of the sensor changes to indicate a predetermined force has been applied by the housing device or the ferrule assembly, respectively.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and system for connecting optical fibers, commonly used in medical instruments, for use in endoscopy, non-evasive treatments of disease, as well as other medical factions incorporating optical fibers, wherein the novel connector allows for rotation of at least one optical fiber within the connector.

Abstract: A laser receiver device and an associated input coupler are provided. In this regard, a chip-scale laser receiver device is provided that includes an input coupler that is configured to receive a gaussian beam. The input coupler includes a first waveguide having an optically-transparent material and a second waveguide coupled to the first waveguide. The second waveguide has a tapered configuration that tapers to a predetermined width across a length of not less than 500 micrometers. The input coupler further includes a third waveguide coupled to the second waveguide. The third waveguide has a tapered configuration that tapers to a predetermined width across a length of not less than 250 micrometers. The chip-scale laser receiver device further includes a bus optical waveguide coupled to receive a signal output from the input coupler, and to output a wavelength-multiplexed laser signal.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a via holds an optical fiber and has an opening in at least a first surface of a silicon substrate. An interconnect is provided at a second surface of the silicon substrate and connected to an optical semiconductor element. Side-surface electrodes are provided at a third surface of the silicon substrate. The third surface is other than the first surface and the second surface of the silicon substrate. At least a portion of the side-surface electrodes is connected to the interconnect. At least a portion of the side-surface electrodes have different lengths along the third surface.

Abstract: An optoelectronic apparatus is presented. In embodiments, the apparatus may include a package including a substrate with a first side and a second side opposite the first side, wherein the first side comprises a ball grid array (BGA) field. The apparatus may further include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) disposed on the first side of the substrate, inside the BGA field, that thermally interface with a printed circuit board (PCB), to which the package is to be coupled, one or more optical ICs coupled to the second side and communicatively coupled with the one or more ICs via interconnects provided in the substrate, wherein at least one of the optical ICs is at least partially covered by an integrated heat spreader (IHS), to provide dissipation of heat produced by the at least one optical IC.

Abstract: Multichannel RF Feedthroughs. In some examples, a multichannel RF feedthrough includes an internal portion and an external portion. The internal portion includes a top surface on which first and second sets of traces are formed. Each set of traces is configured as an electrical communication channel to carry electrical data signals. The external portion includes a bottom surface on which the first set of traces is formed and a top surface on which the second set of traces is formed. A set of vias connects the first set of traces between the top surface of the internal portion and the bottom surface of the external portion.

Abstract: Opto-electric hybrid boards are disclosed including an electric circuit board; light-emitting and light-receiving elements which are mounted on a first surface of the electric circuit board; and an optical waveguide having a core for an optical path and formed in a stacked manner on a second surface of the electric circuit board. The core of the optical waveguide includes: end portions formed as light reflecting surfaces for reflecting light to allow the light to propagate between the core and the light-emitting and light-receiving elements; extensions extending from the end portion side of the core toward the light-emitting and light-receiving elements; and a main portion from which the extensions extend. The extensions of the core and the main portion of the core are different from each other in shape of cross-sections perpendicular to an axial direction thereof.

Abstract: An optical module includes a laser light supply system and a chip disposed within a housing. The chip includes a laser input optical port and a transmit data optical port and a receive data optical port. The optical module includes a link-fiber interface exposed at an exterior surface of the housing. The link-fiber interface includes a transmit data connector and a receive data connector. The optical module includes a polarization-maintaining optical fiber connected between a laser output optical port of the laser light supply system and the laser input optical port of the chip. The optical module includes a first non-polarization-maintaining optical fiber connected between the transmit data optical port of the chip and the transmit data connector of the link-fiber interface. The optical module includes a second non-polarization-maintaining optical fiber connected between the receive data optical port of the chip and the receive data connector of the link-fiber interface.

Abstract: An optical fiber cable includes optical fiber ribbons, a slot rod and a cable jacket. The slot rod has slot grooves in which the optical fiber ribbons are housed. The cable jacket covers an outside of the slot rod. The optical fiber ribbons have, in a state in which optical fibers having an outer diameter of 0.22 mm or less are arranged in parallel, connecting portions at which adjacent ones of the optical fibers are connected to one another and non-connecting portions at which adjacent ones of the optical fibers are not connected to one another, which are provided intermittently in a longitudinal direction. A density of core number of the optical fibers included in the optical fiber cable is 4.8 cores/mm2 or more in a cross section of the optical fiber cable.

Abstract: An overhead cable for the transmission of low-voltage and medium-voltage energy and digital signals, including a central fiber-optic cable, surrounded by a protective covering of the central fiber-optic cable and around such protective covering of such fiber optics by at least an aluminum alloy layer for the transmission of low-voltage and medium-voltage electric power or neutral wire and the covering thereof, where at least one aluminum alloy layer includes a 6101 aluminum alloy wire that has been heat treated, submitting the same to a temperature within a range of 260 and 300° C. and a treatment process for the aluminum alloy drawn wire.

Abstract: A high count optical fiber cable is formed of a number of sub-unit components stranded around a central tension member. Each sub-unit component is formed to include the total number of individual fibers required to populate a given equipment rack (e.g., 288 fibers, for example). The individual fibers are preferably provided using a plurality of rollable optical fiber ribbons (permitting the large number of individual fibers to be compacted into a relatively small space), with water blocking material included in each sub-unit component. The sub-unit components may be formed to include individual strength members (i.e., in the form of sub-unit cables), or as loose tubes with an outer strength member disposed to surround the sub-units. Each sub-unit component is specifically sized to match the fiber capacity of, for example, a full equipment rack, minimizing the number of physical cables required for high density applications (e.g., data centers).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a flame retardant optical fiber cable. The flame retardant optical fiber cable includes a plurality of bundle binders. In addition, the flame retardant optical fiber cable includes a first layer, a second layer, a third layer, a fourth layer, a fifth layer, a sixth layer, a seventh layer and an eighth layer. The first layer surrounds a plurality of bundle binders. The second layer surrounds the first layer. The third layer surrounds the second layer. The fourth layer surrounds the third layer. The fifth layer surrounds the fourth layer. The sixth layer surrounds the fifth layer. The seventh layer surrounds the sixth layer. The eighth layer surrounds the seventh layer.

Abstract: A fiber distribution hub (FDH) provides an interface between an incoming fiber and a plurality of outgoing fibers. The FDH includes a cabinet, at least one door pivotably mounted to the cabinet, and a frame pivotably mounted within the cabinet. The doors wrap around the sides and the front of the cabinet to provide access to both the front and sides of the frame when the doors are open. The frame can pivot out of the cabinet through the open doors to enable access to the rear of the cabinet and the rear side of the frame. The frame includes a termination region and a splitter region. The frame can include a storage region and/or a pass-through region.

Abstract: A fiber optic cassette includes a cassette body, the cassette body extending along a longitudinal axis between a front and a rear, extending along a lateral axis between a first side and a second side, and extending along a transverse axis between a bottom and a top. The fiber optic cassette further includes a plurality of fiber optic adapter apertures defined at the front of the cassette body. The fiber optic cassette further includes a side channel defined at the first side of the cassette body, the side channel including an entry aperture spaced from the rear of the cassette body along the longitudinal axis. The fiber optic cassette further includes a splice module receptacle defined in the cassette body.

Abstract: A reel for the purpose of winding a length of cable of optical fiber cable type includes a winding support for winding the length of cable, a retaining part suitable for retaining the length of cable wound around the winding support, a first attachment part for the purpose of attaching the reel to an edge of a circuit board such that the reel is positioned laterally with respect to the circuit board, and a second attachment part for the purpose of attaching the reel flat to a face of the circuit board.

Abstract: An accessory for a camera body including a plurality of camera-side terminals, a camera-side protruding portion, and an elastic member, the accessory includes: a first terminal that changes a voltage at the first camera-side terminal by contacting with a first camera-side terminal; an eighth terminal to which a first clock signal is input by contacting with a first camera-side clock terminal; a tenth terminal that outputs a second clock signal by contacting with a second camera-side clock terminal; and an accessory-side protruding portion that is to be pressed toward the camera body side by the elastic member, wherein: the accessory-side protruding portion has a contacting portion to contact with the elastic member; and a distance between the eighth terminal and the contacting portion and a distance between the tenth terminal and the contacting portion are shorter than a distance between the first terminal and the contacting portion.

Abstract: A lens apparatus includes a lens unit including a first lens, a fixing frame which holds the lens unit with the lens unit being movable in a direction of an optical axis of the lens unit, and a first power transmission device configured to transmit power to the lens unit. The lens unit includes a balancer and a second power transmission device. The balancer and the second power transmission device are configured such that a force applied to the balancer causes the second power transmission device to reduce a load applied to the first power transmission device in a case where the lens unit is moved in a direction against a gravitational force applied thereto.

Abstract: Actuators for carrying and actuating a lens having a first optical axis, the lens receiving light folded from a second optical axis substantially perpendicular to the first optical axis, comprising first and second VCM engines coupled to the lens and first and second linear ball-guided rails operative to create movement of the lens in two substantially orthogonal directions upon actuation by respective VCM engines.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention relates to a lens driving device, comprising: a base including a support part upwardly protruded; a movable unit spaced from the base and movably disposed at an upper side of the base; and a damper contacted with the support part and the movable unit.

Abstract: A lens driving device is provided, the lens driving device including a housing including a through hole; a bobbin accommodated at the through hole; a magnet disposed on the housing; a first coil disposed on the bobbin and facing the magnet; a first support member coupled to the housing and the bobbin, and movably supporting the bobbin in a direction of an optical axis; a protrusion part outwardly protruded from an outer lateral surface of the bobbin; and a groove part on the housing at a position corresponding with the protrusion part and accommodating at least a portion of the protrusion part, wherein an outer lateral surface of the protrusion part includes a first surface, a second surface and a third surface disposed between the first surface and the second surface, wherein each of the first surface, the second surface and the third surface is parallel with an inner lateral surface of the groove part, and wherein an angle between the first surface and the third surface, and an angle between the second surf

Abstract: A lens-group moving apparatus for moving, in an optical system including a plurality of lenses, a lens group including at least one lens among the plurality of lenses includes: a moving lens frame that holds the lens group; a fixed cylinder that holds the moving lens frame movably in an optical axis direction; a moving frame that is movable in the optical axis direction and changes a relative position with respect to the fixed cylinder; a moving structure that causes the moving frame to move in the optical axis direction; an intermediate member that contacts the moving frame and the moving lens frame and that transmits a movement of the moving frame to the moving lens frame; and an urging member that urges the moving lens frame in a direction of the intermediate member.

Abstract: Disclosed is a camera module that comprises a lens assembly that includes a lens base and a lens tube integrated with the lens base for receiving at least one lens; and a voice coil motor assembly for driving the lens assembly, comprising a base, two leaf springs, at least two coils, and at least two magnets. The coils are respectively fixed on two opposite sides of the base, the magnets are fixed on two opposite sides of the lens assembly respectively, and the magnets are located by inner sides of the coils respectively, the lens assembly is clamped by the leaf springs and supported on the base, the coils drive the magnets and the lens assembly to move after being energized. The camera module is simply structured, easy to assembly, less bulky and fit for the demand of thin products.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical device (1) for enhancing the resolution of an image, comprising: a transparent plate member (10) configured for refracting a light beam (20) passing through the plate member (10), which light beam (20) projects an image comprised of rows and columns of pixels (40), a carrier (50) to which said transparent plate member (10) is rigidly mounted, wherein the carrier (50) is configured to be tilted between a first and a second position about a first axis (A), such that the plate member (10) is tilted between the first and the second position about the first axis (A), whereby said projected image (30) is shifted by a fraction (?P) of a pixel, particularly by a half of a pixel, along a first direction (x), and an actuator means (60) that is configured to tilt the carrier (50) and therewith the plate member (10) between the first and the second position about the first axis (A).

Abstract: An optical lens includes a first lens group and a second lens group arranged in order from a first side to a second side, and an aperture stop disposed between the first lens group and the second lens group. The optical lens satisfies the condition of LT/IMH<4.7, where IMH is semi-diagonal image height on an image plane, and LT is a distance along an optical axis between a surface of a first lens of the first lens group facing the first side and a surface of a last lens of the second lens group facing the second side. The first lens is closest to the first side among the first lens group, and the last lens is closest to the second side among the second lens group.

Abstract: An imaging optical system including a first lens having negative refractive power; a second lens having negative refractive power; a third lens having positive refractive power; an aperture stop; a fourth lens having positive refractive power; a fifth lens having negative refractive power; and a six lens arranged in that order from an object side. The first lens is a negative lens with a concave surface facing the image side. The second lens is a negative lens with a concave surface facing the object side. The second lens and the third lens are joined together to form a cemented lens have positive refractive power.

Abstract: A three-piece compact optical lens system includes, in order from the object side to the image side: a flat panel assembly made of glass, a first lens element with a negative refractive power having an object-side surface being concave near an optical axis; a stop; a second lens element with a positive refractive power having an object-side surface being convex near the optical axis and an image-side surface being convex near the optical axis; and a third lens element with a positive refractive power. Such a system can not only effectively collect light at a large angle, receive a wider range of images and achieve identification effects within very short distances, but also can reduce the distance between an object and the three-piece compact optical lens system, reduce the volume effectively and maintain its miniaturization.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens having a positive refractive power, an image-side surface of the first lens being concave, a second lens, a third lens, an image-side surface of the third lens being concave, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, an image-side surface of the fifth lens being concave, and a sixth lens having a positive refractive power and having an inflection point formed on an image-side surface, wherein an F number of the optical imaging system is lower than 2.2.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens having negative refractive power, a second lens having negative refractive power, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens. The first to seventh lenses are sequentially disposed from an object side toward an image side. The third lens, the fourth lens, the sixth lens, and the seventh lens are formed of plastic, and the first lens, the second lens, and the fifth lens are formed of glass.

Abstract: A photographing optical lens system includes seven lens elements, the seven lens elements being, in order from an object side to an image side: a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element, and a seventh lens element. Each of the seven lens elements has an object-side surface facing toward the object side and an image-side surface facing toward the image side. At least one lens surface of the seven lens elements has at least one inflection point thereon.

Abstract: A wide angle lens assembly (1) for a camera. The assembly comprises a first group (2) and a second group (3) of lenses. The first group (2) is adapted to be arranged closer to an iris of the camera than the second (3) group. The first group (2) comprises multiple, preferably five, lenses with a negative refractivity and the second group (3) comprises at least three, preferably cemented, lenses (5) and at least one aspherical lens (6). The first group (2) comprises one aspherical lens (7) spaced furthest from the other lenses of the first group (2) and adapted to be arranged further away from the iris than the other lenses of the first group (2).

Abstract: A light source device 20 includes light source units 200a to 200d, lenses 203a, 203b, and 205, and mirrors 204a and 204b. Light source units 200a, 200b and/or light source units 200c, 200d are placed such that the light from units 200a to 200d either enters lens 203a at a position deviated from the optical axis of lens 203a or enters lens 203b at a position deviated from the optical axis of lens 203b.

Abstract: An optical system according to the present invention is an optical system comprises a first lens unit having positive refractive power, a second lens unit having positive refractive power, and a third lens unit having negative refractive power, arranged in order from an object side to an image side. During focusing from infinity to a closest distance, the second lens unit moves to the object side, whereby a distance between adjoining lens units is changed. The second lens unit comprises an aperture stop. The following conditional expression is satisfied: 1.0<D3/BF<3.0, where D3 is a length of the third lens unit on an optical axis, and BF is a back focus distance.

Abstract: A variable focal length lens device includes: a lens system whose refractive index changes depending on an inputted drive signal; an objective lens disposed in an optical axis common to the lens system; an image detector for detecting an image of a target object through the lens system and the objective lens; a resonance-lock controller for locking the frequency of the drive signal to a resonance frequency of the lens system; and a resonance-lock operation unit for switching enabling and suspending the resonance-lock controller.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes a light source unit, at least one first light modulation element, an illumination optical system configured to illuminate the first light modulation element using light from the light source unit, and a relay optical system configured to make conjugate with each other a predetermined surface on an optical path between the light source unit and the first light modulation element, and a surface of the first light modulation element. The relay optical system includes, in order from the predetermined surface to the first light modulation element, a first reflection surface having a positive power, a second reflection surface having a negative power, and a third reflection surface having a positive power. The relay optical system satisfies a predetermined condition.

Abstract: An coronagraph optical system and method for continuously imaging a wide field of view that includes the Sun. Examples of the coronagraph optical system include an all-reflective foreoptics assembly that receives light rays from a viewed scene and a direct solar image of the Sun, a sensor assembly configured to produce an image of the viewed scene, an all-reflective relay optics assembly configured to receive the light rays from the foreoptics assembly and to reflect the light rays to the sensor assembly, and a solar rejection optical component positioned between the foreoptics assembly and the relay optics assembly and dynamically configurable such that the direct solar image of the Sun is reflected away from the relay optics assembly and the light rays are reflected to the relay optics assembly while an entrance aperture of the foreoptics assembly is continuously positioned towards the Sun.

Abstract: A scanning microscope includes a scanning unit that causes irradiation light emitted by a light source to scan a sample, an optical system that guides the emitted light that has passed through the scanning unit to the sample, an isolation unit that includes a transmissive portion that enables the irradiation light to pass the transmissive portion and a reflective portion that reflects at least some of light that is included in emitted light generated from the sample as a result of the irradiation light being radiated to the sample and that has passed through the optical system and the scanning unit, and a detection unit that detects the emitted light that has passed through the isolation unit. The isolation unit is disposed in an optical path of the irradiation light between the light source and the scanning unit.

Abstract: A scanning laser microscope includes: an objective lens; an XY scanner; a Z scanner; a detector that detects fluorescence from a sample and that outputs luminance information; an image processor that generates an image based on the luminance information and scanning-position information; and a controller that controls these components, wherein while the controller shifts the scanning line by the XY scanner each time the controller scans one line by the XY scanner, the controller changes the scanning position in forward and return paths of the direction along the optical axis of the objective lens by the Z scanner, reverses, between the forward and return path, an orientation in which the scanning line is shifted by the XY scanner, and reverses, about an axial line along the main scanning direction, either the image of the plane in the forward path or the image of the plane in the return path.

Abstract: An infrared microscope includes a radiation source, a sample plane, an objective lens, a path length modulator and a detector. The radiation source emits temporally coherent infrared radiation that propagates along an optical path of the microscope during operation. A sample is disposed in the sample plane. The detector detects the infrared radiation after the radiation interacts with the sample. The objective lens forms an image of the sample plane on the detector. The path length modulator continuously varies the optical path length of the optical path between the sample plane and the detector. The path length modulator can be a wedge or a diffusing screen that rotates during operation, a phase modulator that rotates during operation and that has regions with different indices of refraction, a tilting element that tilts about an axis during operation, or a diffuser mirror that reflects the infrared radiation and that rotates during operation.

Abstract: The endoscope optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens group having a negative refractive power, a second lens group having a positive refractive power, and a third lens group having a positive refractive power. Switching between a normal observation and a magnified observation is possible by fixing the first lens group and the third lens group, and moving the second lens group. The third lens group includes a cemented lens. The cemented lens includes an object-side lens and an image-side lens, and the following conditional expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied: 0.471<nd02?nd01<0.475??(1) 52.6<vd01?vd02<53??(2).

Abstract: An illustrative example MEMS device includes a base and a plurality of mirror surfaces supported on the base. The plurality of mirror surfaces are respectively in a fixed position relative to the base. The plurality of mirror surfaces are at respective angles relative to a reference surface. The respective angles of at least some of the mirror surfaces are different from the respective angles of at least some others of the mirror surfaces.

Abstract: In an optical scanner 100, a vibration portion 101 includes first and third elements 3021 and 3023 that vibrate a light guide path 102 in a direction substantially perpendicular to an optical axis direction, and second and fourth elements 3022 and 3024 that vibrate the light guide path in a direction substantially perpendicular to a vibration direction thereof. A driving signal is applied to each of electrodes 3011 to 3014, each of which corresponds to one electrode of each of the first to fourth elements, and the other electrode 3015 is used as a common electrode having a floating potential. A driving signal generator 1007 generates a driving signal such that a median value of driving signals Vy1and Vy2 applied to the first and third elements and a median value of driving signals Vx1 and Vx2 applied to the second and fourth elements correspond to substantially the same value.