Abstract: A gas turbine engine system includes, in serial flow communication, an engine compressor configured to compress air, a combustor in which the compressed air is mixed with fuel and ignited to generate a stream of combustion gases, and a turbine configured to extract energy from the combustion gases. An electric generator is configured to be driven by the turbine and generate electric energy during use. An electric motor is configured to be driven by electric energy generated by the electric generator. The electric motor is configured in use to drive the engine compressor.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a component within a turbine that includes disassembling the turbine engine to provide a flow path to an interior passageway of the component from an access point. The component has coked hydrocarbons formed thereon. The method further includes discharging a flow of cleaning solution towards the interior passageway from the access point, wherein the cleaning solution is configured to remove the coked hydrocarbons from the component.

Abstract: A rotary machine includes a rotary shaft configured to rotate around an axis and a blade row including a plurality of blades at intervals in a circumferential direction of the axis. Each of the blades includes a fiber laminate obtained by laminating a plurality of fiber sheets and a resin used for forming an outer shape of the blade by impregnating the fiber laminate. At least two of the blades in the blade row have fiber laminates having different structures.

Abstract: An assembly is provided for a piece of rotational equipment. This assembly includes a stationary component, a rotating component, and a dry seal assembly. The dry seal assembly is configured to substantially seal an annular gap between the stationary component and the rotating component. The dry seal assembly includes a seal element and a seal land. The seal element is mounted to the stationary component and is configured to sealingly engage the seal land. The seal land is mounted to the rotating component and is configured to permit gas leakage across the dry seal assembly through a passageway in the seal land.

Abstract: A shroud attaching structure of a gas turbine includes: a support provided around an axis of the gas turbine and inside a casing of the gas turbine in a radial direction; and a shroud assembly attached to the support so as to cover an inner peripheral surface of the support, the shroud assembly being formed by laminating a large number of plate-shaped shroud elements containing a ceramic matrix composite. The shroud elements are lined up in a circumferential direction of the support. The adjacent shroud elements are arranged so as to be slidable on each other.

Abstract: A valvetrain service tool for an automobile engine comprises a bracket adapted to be removably mounted onto a structural member of an engine, and a pin slidably supported within the bracket, wherein, the pin is slidable between a first position and a second position, further wherein, when the pin is moved from the first position to the second position, the pin engages a cam sprocket of the engine to support the cam sprocket and allow service to be performed to the valvetrain of the engine without removing the cam sprocket.

Abstract: A tubular structure comprises a first end and a second end, a cylindrical outer structure, and at least one inner cavity defined by the cylindrical outer structure and the first and second ends. The first and second ends each include a recess and a cap press fit within the recess. The caps provide a connection point for the ends of the tubular structure. Each end includes a vent in fluid communication with the inner cavity during manufacturing of the tubular structure, prior to insertion of the caps. An isotropic internal support structure extends longitudinally between the ends within the cylindrical outer structure and defines an oil flow channel extending through the tubular structure, each cap includes a cap orifice aligned with the oil flow channel, and the cylindrical outer structure, the first and second ends, and the internal support structure are continuously and unitarily formed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a camshaft phaser and assembling method thereof. The camshaft phaser includes an outer front cover, an inner front cover, a spring, a rotor, and a stator. The spring retainer of the outer front cover is substantially cup-shaped and includes a protrusion protruding radially outward from its peripheral wall. The inner front cover includes an inner front cover recess, and the rotor includes a rotor recess. The inner front cover and the rotor are configured so that when viewed axially, a part of the rotor recess is covered by the inner front cover. After the spring retainer is inserted axially into the inner front cover and rotor, the outer front cover rotates under the torque of the spring so that the protrusion of the spring retainer is stopped axially by the inner periphery of the inner front cover.

Abstract: A first high side switch is configured to connect and disconnect a first reference potential to and from a first node, the first node configured to be electrically connected to a second node and a first end of a first inductor coil of a fuel injector of a cylinder and a first end of a second inductor coil of an oil control valve of the cylinder. A second high side switch is configured to connect and disconnect a second reference potential to and from the second node. A first low side switch is configured to connect and disconnect a ground reference potential to and from a second end of the second inductor coil of the oil control valve. A second low side switch is configured to connect and disconnect the ground reference potential to and from a second end of the first inductor coil of the fuel injector.

Abstract: A valve for variable throttling of a hydraulic flow includes a tappet and a guide element in which the tappet is guided for movement in a stroke direction. The valve also includes at least one fatigue-resistant, mechanical member that locally reduces a radial play of the tappet so as to reduce possible valve oscillations.

Abstract: A hydraulic valve having a body defining an inlet and an outlet. A motor is supported by the body and operates a shaft extending through an interior of the body, the shaft terminating in a gate. A spring is supported within the housing and influences the gate in an open position to permit fluid flow between the inlet and outlet. Upon the occurrence of a pressure differential resulting from a fluid flow through the inlet exceeding a biasing force of the spring, the gate is caused to displace against a valve seat communicating the inlet with the outlet in order to interrupt fluid flow in a standby mode and to define a closed position. The motor operates in a further throttling mode to linearly and incrementally displace the gate between the open and closed positions said outlet and in order to adjust flow through the outlet.

Abstract: A valve train arrangement including at least one exhaust valve and a reverse-spring hydraulic lash adjuster (RSHLA) is provided. The RSHLA has a predetermined closing velocity. An engine brake system is configured to engage the exhaust valve, such that: (i) upon activation of the engine brake system, the engine brake system engages the at least one exhaust valve to open the at least one exhaust valve; and (ii) upon deactivation of the engine brake system, the engine brake system disengages the at least one exhaust valve such that the at least one exhaust valve is closed. A deactivation velocity of the engine brake system is less than the predetermined closing velocity of the RSHLA.

Abstract: A compression-release engine brake system for effectuating a compression-release engine braking operation of an internal combustion engine. The compression-release system includes a lost motion exhaust rocker assembly including an exhaust rocker arm, an actuation device including an actuation piston and an actuation cavity, and a reset device including a reset check valve and a slider-piston. Hydraulic fluid in the exhaust rocker arm is locked in the actuation cavity when the reset check valve is in the closed position, and flows through the reset check valve when the reset check valve is in the open position. The slider-piston is associated with the reset check valve so that in an extended position of the slider-piston the reset check valve is free to move toward the closed position, and in a retracted position of the slider-piston the reset check valve is moved to the open position thereof by the slider-piston.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a lubricant system for an engine. In one example, the system includes external delivery lines coupling an oil reservoir of the engine to a plurality of cylinder head oil galleries, the engine also having internal oil passages. An amount of hydraulic fluid delivered via the external delivery lines is controlled by a pressure control valve having a vent line.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for diagnosing a positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system. In one example, a PCV system diagnostic method is provided that includes a determining a fault condition in a positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system by comparing a pressure sampled from a pressure sensor positioned on a clean side of an oil separator coupled to a crankcase with a modeled pressure representing an expected pressure on the clean side of the oil separator.

Abstract: A diagnostic system and method for a crankcase ventilation system of an engine having a boost system utilize a pressure sensor configured to measure a pressure in a make-up air (MUA) hose, a flow-limiting valve (i) fixedly attached to the induction system at a point upstream from the pressure sensor and proximate to an induction system end of the MUA hose and (ii) configured to limit flow through the MUA hose, and a controller configured to, in response to detecting the non-boost operating condition of the engine, obtain an initial pressure from the pressure sensor and then command the flow-limiting valve to close for a diagnostic period, during which monitor the pressure is monitored to determine a pressure drop from the initial pressure, and when the pressure drop fails to exceed a threshold during the diagnostic period, detect a malfunction indicative of a leaking or disconnected MUA hose.

Abstract: The invention is related to the area of aviation engine building, particularly, to the elements of the gas turbine engine lubrication system. Accessory gearbox containing a gear, a branch pipe, bearings, a centrifugal impeller with blades. The centrifugal impeller with the blades contains a shell with the potential formation of inner cavities, windows for the gas-oil mixture inlet and air outlet, the blades have different lengths and are located at the angles ? and ? to the gear rotation axis. Besides, the centrifugal impeller may contain curvilinear blades. Besides, the centrifugal impeller may contain at least two oil and air separation stages installed in series. The implementation of the invention proposed with the distinctive features above, in combination with the known features enables improvement of the assembly technology, reduction of the outline dimensions and weight of the accessory gearbox, improvement of the oil separation.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided with an engine body, a housing provided in an exhaust passage of the engine body, a filter held inside the housing and trapping PM in the exhaust, and a microwave device for microwaving the inside of the housing. A control device for the internal combustion engine is configured to control the microwave device when microwaving the inside of the housing to heat the PM so that an amplitude of the microwaves becomes smaller when the amount of PM deposition at the filter is large compared to when it is small.

Abstract: The invention relates to the oil-refining industry, in particular, to methods for purifying a fuel from sulfur-containing compounds. The method for purifying liquid hydrocarbon motor fuels from sulfur and for further reducing the sulfur dioxide content in exhaust gases up to zero during combustion of the fuels by modifying the sulfur-containing fuel molecules in a fully-developed cavitation mode, by separating the sulfur-containing modified molecules from the remainder of the fuel molecules on polymer membranes and by activating the fuel purified up to 20 ppm in the fully-developed cavitation mode prior to the combustion.

Abstract: Centralizing the handling and manipulating of vaporization medium to a single subsystem that supplies multiple ammonia vaporizers allows for efficient and effective production of a corresponding vaporized ammonia stream containing a controlled quantity of ammonia. These vaporized ammonia streams can then be used in conjunction with ammonia-consuming devices to reduce NOx in NOx-containing exhaust streams from multiple furnaces.

Abstract: A fluid injector for injecting an injection fluid into a hot flow can include a flow structure defining an injection flow channel and configured to extend at least partially into a flow path to introduce the injection fluid into the hot flow in the flow path. The flow structure can include one or more heat resistance features to protect the flow structure and the fluid from heat of the hot flow.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes: an outer peripheral wall; and partition walls disposed on an inner side of the outer peripheral wall, the partition walls defining a plurality of cells, each of the plurality of cells extending from one end face to the other end face to form a flow path for a fluid. The partition walls and the outer peripheral wall include ceramics containing at least silicon. A content of silicon in the ceramics is 30% by mass or more. A concentration of at least one dopant in the silicon is from 1016 to 5×1020/cm3.

Abstract: A CO2 trapping device mounted in a hybrid vehicle, provided with a branch passage branched from an exhaust passage, a CO2 trapping part provided at the branch passage and trapping CO2 in inflowing exhaust gas, a cooling part using electric power of the battery to cool the CO2 trapping part, a flow controlling part controlling an amount of flow of the exhaust gas flowing into the branch passage, and a CO2 trapping control part controlling the cooling part and the flow controlling part, the CO2 trapping control part controlling the flow controlling part so as to make the cooling part stop cooling and to shut off the flow of the exhaust gas to the CO2 trapping part when a charging rate of the battery becomes a predetermined SOC threshold value or less.

Abstract: An exhaust gas control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes an electromagnetic wave output unit, an acquisition unit that acquires collection amounts of PM and substances other than PM based on a rotational speed and a fuel injection amount of the internal combustion engine, and a control unit that controls an output intensity of the electromagnetic wave output unit. The control unit causes electromagnetic waves to be output with a first output intensity when the collection amount of the substances other than PM becomes equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold, and causes electromagnetic waves to be output with a second output intensity that is lower than the first output intensity when the collection amount of the substances other than PM becomes larger than the predetermined threshold, when the collection amount of PM has exceeded a permissible value of the collection amount of PM in the filter.

Abstract: A muffler for use with an engine is provided. The muffler includes a first tube defining a first inlet and a first outlet spaced apart from the first inlet. The first tube is configured to receive exhaust at the first inlet. The muffler includes a second tube spaced apart from the first tube. The second tube defines a second inlet and a second outlet spaced apart from the second inlet. The second tube is configured to receive exhaust at the second inlet. The muffler includes a third tube disposed at least partly around the second tube. The third tube defines a third outlet spaced apart from each of the second inlet and the second outlet. The third outlet is in fluid communication with the second outlet of the second tube. The muffler also includes at least one outlet tube in fluid communication with the first outlet and the third outlet.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a vehicle includes a valve that introduces or blocks a coolant discharged from a coolant pump into latent heat storage, a first temperature sensor that measures a first coolant temperature discharged from the coolant pump, a second temperature sensor that measures a second coolant temperature in the latent heat storage, and a controller that controls opening and closing of the valve based on the first coolant temperature measured by the first temperature sensor and the second coolant temperature measured by the second temperature sensor.

Abstract: A valve device includes: a casing having an outflow port in which a fluid outlet opening is formed; a joint joined to an opening end surface of the outlet opening; a valve accommodated in the casing so as to be rotatable or slidable and in which a communication port that can communicate with the outlet opening is formed; and a sliding ring with a sliding surface for sliding on an outer surface of the valve while being accommodated in the outflow port and communicates the outlet and the communication port based upon a position of the valve. At least the outer surface of the valve includes a first resin material that contains a first resin, at least the sliding surface of the sliding ring includes a second resin material that contains a second resin, and the first resin and the second resin are the same type of resin.

Abstract: Cross-port air flow that improves engine fuel economy and reduces pumping losses during part-throttle operation can be implemented in various types of internal combustion engine systems using ports that interconnect the intake ports of different cylinders, thus allowing different cylinders to share combustion air. Cross-port air flow is commenced during part-throttle engine operation to disrupt the primary combustion air flow from each throttle to its associated cylinder, which reduces charge density and engine power. The engine compensates for the reduced power by incrementally opening the throttles, thus increasing the primary combustion air flow, reducing pumping losses and improving fuel economy.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards free-piston combustion engines. As described herein, a driver section may be provided in a free-piston combustion engine for storing energy during an expansion stroke. The driver section may be configured to store sufficient energy to perform the subsequent stroke. In some embodiments, the driver section may be configured to store sufficient energy so as to enable the engine to operate continuously across engine cycles without electrical energy input. A linear electromagnetic machine may be provided in a free-piston combustion engine for converting the kinetic energy of a piston assembly into electrical energy.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has at least one piston configured to reciprocate within a combustion chamber. The engine has a transfer port, and exhaust port and a secondary port which may be adapted as either a secondary air transfer port, a secondary exhaust port, or as a two-way port acting selectively as i) an air transfer port and ii) an exhaust port. The engine may operate on a two stroke cycle. The engine may be for use submerged in a body of water, e.g. in an outboard motor, and with a cowling defining a volume near an outer wall of the combustion chamber. The volume can be selectively filled with water or exhaust gas for engine temperature optimisation.

Abstract: A combustion engine is disclosed having a cylinder with a piston travelling through same, coupled by means of a piston rod to a crankshaft, wherein the piston rod has: —a first hub in its head for coupling with the crankshaft; —a second hub in its foot substantially aligned with or parallel to the first hub in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder when the crankshaft is in the upper or lower position; and —a third hub in its foot, which is offset laterally towards the front with respect to the second hub in the direction of rotation of the crankshaft; —the piston being coupled with the third hub, —having a guide for the travel of the piston rod coupled with the second hub, and —the piston being coupled with the third hub via a link rod.

Abstract: Automatic cleaned drain piping system on crosshead type two-stroke engines. The invention is having a slow rotating centreless flexible spiral auger fixed mounted in the piping system. The purpose of the invention is to constant avoiding build-up of deposit inside the drain pipes during normal operation. My invention will prevent partly or full blockage of the drain piping. The invention will help to trouble free, reliable and safe continued operation of two-stroke crosshead type engines. The invention will give dramatic savings in man-hours, cleaning chemicals and materials used during manual pipe cleaning. The invention is suitable for mounting during construction of new engines as well as for retrofit. The purpose of the very slow rotating auger is solely to keep heavy, solid and slow flowing particles moving along with the freely flowing oil, thus avoiding deposit building up inside the pipe.

Abstract: An engine core including turbine, compressor, and core shaft connecting the turbine to the compressor, wherein a compressor exit temperature has an average airflow; and a fan upstream including a plurality of fan blades extending from a hub, each fan blade having a leading and trailing edge, wherein a fan rotor entry temperature has an average airflow across the leading edge of each blade at cruise conditions and fan tip rotor exit temperature has an average temperature of airflow across a radially outer portion of each blade at the trailing edge cruise conditions. A fan tip temperature rise as: the ? ? fan ? ? tip ? ? rotor ? ? exit ? ? temperature the ? ? fan ? ? rotor ? ? entry ? ? temperature .

Abstract: An airflow profile structure having a leading and/or trailing edge profiled with a serrated profile. The serrated profile has a succession of teeth and depressions, characterized in that, along the leading and/or trailing edge, from a first location to a second location, the teeth of the serrated profile are individually inclined towards the second location.

Abstract: The gas turbine engine can have an accessory gearbox having a sump; an oil tank; a user interface configured to generate a signal upon receiving a user input indicative of an oil measurement reading; and a pump configured to pump oil from the sump to the oil tank upon receiving the user input.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine according to the present disclosure includes, among other things, a fan section having a plurality of fan blades, the plurality of fan blades having a peak tip radius Rt and an inboard leading edge radius Rh at a first inboard boundary of a first flowpath, and a core engine including a first turbine configured to drive a first compressor, and a fan drive turbine configured to drive the fan section.

Abstract: A gaming device, during play of a particular game, receives a plurality of audio channels carrying game sounds and determines whether a first of the game sounds overwhelms a second of the game sounds. In response to the determination, the gaming device adjusts a level of one or more of the audio channels such that perceptibility of the second game sound is improved relative to perceptibility of the first game sound prior to the adjustment, wherein for the adjustment, a level of one or more of the audio channels carrying the first game sound is decreased while a level of one or more of the audio channels carrying the second game sound is maintained or increased. The audio channels include three or more audio channels and the adjustment of the level of the audio channels is performed while the three or more audio channels are combined into two stereo channels.

Abstract: A high pressure compressor for a gas turbine engine. The high pressure compressor including: a clearance control system, the clearance control system including: a control valve fluidly coupled to a source of bleed air of the high pressure compressor, the control valve configured for movement between a first position and a second position; an insulated pipe fluidly coupled to the control valve; and wherein the control valve redirects a portion of the source of bleed air towards an inner case structure of the high pressure compressor and thereafter to the insulated pipe when it is in the first position and wherein the source of bleed air is not redirected towards the inner case structure of the high pressure compressor and the insulated pipe when the control valve is in the second position.

Abstract: A fuel supply control device is provided in which a parallel flow path of an orifice and a pressurizing valve is used as a complex pressurizing valve for a fuel supply amount, and which controls a fuel supply pump on the basis of a pressure difference before and after the complex pressurizing valve that has been detected by a pressure difference meter. When the rotational speed of the fuel supply pump is below a predetermined threshold value, the fuel supply pump is controlled on the basis of a first fuel measurement amount, and the fuel supply pump is controlled on the basis of a second fuel measurement amount.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a turbine section including a fan drive turbine, a compressor section driven by the turbine section, a geared architecture driven by the fan drive turbine, and a fan driven by the fan drive turbine via the geared architecture. At least one stage of the turbine section includes an array of rotatable blades and an array of vanes. A ratio of the number of vanes to the number blades is greater than or equal to about 1.55. A mechanical tip rotational Mach number of the blades is configured to be greater than or equal to about 0.5 at an approach speed.

Abstract: An active device for attenuating the acoustic emissions of an aircraft turbojet engine includes circulation conduits for a pressurized air flow rate supplying rotary elements each having a pulsation system for the delivered air. The rotary elements are controlled in amplitude and phase and deliver, to outlet diffusers, a pulsed air flow rate with a pulsation at the frequency of the noise to be attenuated having an amplitude and a phase adjusted according to a local feedback law with microphones to attenuate the radiated acoustic power.

Abstract: An auxiliary power unit (APU) includes, in serial flow communication: an engine compressor, a combustor and a turbine, the turbine rotatable about an engine axis. A first shaft operatively connects the turbine to the engine compressor and extends non-parallel to the engine axis. A second shaft operatively connects the turbine to a load and extends non-parallel to the engine axis. A method of operating an APU is also described.

Abstract: A turbine engine includes a core engine including a first spool and a second spool rotatable about a main engine longitudinal axis, a boost spool powered by a secondary drive system, and an accessory gearbox coupled to the core engine and the boost spool. A differential gear system is coupled between the core engine, the boost spool and the accessory gearbox for distributing power between the boost spool, the core engine and the accessory gearbox.

Abstract: A control device for a two-shaft gas turbine power generation facility includes: a basic output calculation unit which obtains a basic output command value in accordance with a required output; a component separation unit which divides the basic output command value into high and low frequency components; an opening degree command output unit which obtains an opening degree of a fuel adjustment valve and outputs an opening degree command to the fuel adjustment valve; a basic power transmission and reception amount calculation unit which obtains a basic power transmission and reception amount of the electric power between an induction motor and a power system on the basis of the high-frequency component; and a power transmission and reception command output unit which outputs a power transmission and reception command indicating a power transmission and reception amount in accordance with the basic power transmission and reception amount to a frequency converter.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine for an aircraft includes an engine core with a turbine, compressor, and core shaft connecting the two; and a fan upstream of the core with a plurality of blades extending from a hub each with a leading and trailing edge, wherein fan tip radius is between the engine centreline and each blade's leading edge outermost tip and hub radius is between the engine centreline and the hub's outer surface at each blade's leading edge radial position, the ratio of hub to tip radius between 0.2 and 0.285. A fan rotor entry temperature is the average temperature of airflow across the leading edge of each blade at cruise conditions and a fan rotor exit temperature is an average temperature of airflow across a radially outer portion of each blade at the trailing edge at cruise conditions, the ratio of entry to exit temperature between 1.11 and 1.05.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine for an aircraft includes an engine core including a first, lower pressure, turbine, a first compressor, and a first core shaft connecting the first turbine to the first compressor; and a second, higher pressure, turbine, a second compressor, and a second core shaft connecting the second turbine to the second compressor, and a fan located upstream of the engine core and including a plurality of fan blades extending from a hub. A low pressure turbine temperature change is defined as: the ? ? first ? ? turbine ? ? exit ? ? temperature the ? ? first ? ? turbine ? ? entrance ? ? temperature . A fan tip temperature rise is defined as: the ? ? fan ? ? tip ? ? rotor ? ? exit ? ? temperature the ? ? fan ? ? rotor ? ? entry ? ? temperature .

Abstract: A variable compression device includes a piston rod, a first fluid chamber configured to move the piston rod in a direction in which a compression ratio is increased by supplying a pressurized working fluid thereto, a regulation member configured to regulate movement of the piston rod in a direction in which a compression ratio is increased, a second fluid chamber provided between the piston rod and the regulation member and configured to store the working fluid, a supply flow path configured to guide the working fluid supplied to the second fluid chamber, a discharge flow path configured to guide the working fluid discharged from the second fluid chamber, and a flow rate regulation unit provided in the discharge flow path and configured to regulate a flow of the working fluid when the piston rod approaches the regulation member.

Abstract: A system for exchanging of different fuels that can be used for operation of an engine. The system includes a fuel exchange unit, a control and an exchange return conduit. The fuel exchange unit is configured to deliver a first fuel at pressure into the injections system given a switched-off engine, in order to replace a second fuel, which is located in the injection system, with the first fuel. A fuel delivery system includes a media converter which includes a deflectable element. The media converter is driven by a drive unit via the fluid by way of the fluid being able to be led at a varying pressure to the media transformer via a first feed conduit, and is configured to deliver the fuel via a pumping effect.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating a vehicle that includes an engine and an electric machine are described. In one example, a speed of the engine may be adjusted so that the engine provides power to drive the electric machine without generating numerous rapid engine speed changes in a short amount of time.

Abstract: An exhaust flow control system comprises a housing defining first and second passages that are fluidly connected to first and second scrolls of a twin scroll turbocharger and to a high pressure exhaust gas recirculation (HPEGR) system, a poppet valve configured to (i) in an open position, fluidly connect the first and second scrolls to each other and to the HPEGR system via the first and second passages and (ii) in a closed position, fluidly disconnect the first and second scrolls from each other and from the HPEGR system, and a controller configured to command the poppet valve to one of the open and closed positions based on one or more engine operating parameters thereby allowing the twin scroll turbocharger to operate in both a twin scroll mode and a mono scroll mode while also allowing for HPEGR control with minimal additional system volume.