Abstract: Heat sink devices that use a phase change material (PCM) as a heat sink material, and methods of using such devices in thermal management applications. Such a heat sink device includes a base wall, a top wall spaced apart from the base wall, and an internal structure in intimate thermal and physical contact with the base wall and the top wall. The internal structure includes multiple compartments defined and separated by fins that extend between the base and top walls. At least one PCM is within the compartments and the fins serve as thermal enhancement structures to augment the surface area to volume ratio of the heat sink device.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a fin pack of parallel plates that protrude from a base, a lid attachable to the fin pack opposite the base, and a brazing material painted onto the lid only in a plurality of wettable regions. The lid is positioned against the fin pack, opposite the base, with portions of the plurality of regions contacting edges of the parallel plates. The lid is brazed to the fin pack without intrusion of the brazing material between the parallel plates. This is accomplished by obtaining a lid to be attached to a fin pack of parallel plates that protrude from a base, painting the lid with the brazing material only in a plurality of wettable regions, positioning the lid against the fin pack, opposite the base, with portions of the plurality of regions contacting edges of the parallel plates, and brazing the lid to the fin pack.

Abstract: A port connection includes a first element, a second element, and a seal. The first element has a first sleeve and a first flange. The first sleeve is configured to slide into a port disposed through a pressure plate of the plate heat exchanger and the first flange having a first bearing surface to bear upon a first face of the pressure plate. The second element has a second sleeve and a second flange. The second sleeve is configured to slide into the port and the second flange having a second bearing surface to bear upon a second face of the pressure plate. The seal is generated in response to the first sleeve telescoping into the second sleeve.

Abstract: A tank for a radiator. The tank includes an inlet port through which coolant enters the tank. A wall at least partially defines a cavity in fluid communication with the inlet port. A curved surface of the wall is opposite to the inlet port and reduces volume of the cavity at the inlet port. The curved surface is configured to reduce turbulence of coolant flowing into the cavity from the inlet port. At least one turning vane extends along the wall into the cavity from the inlet port. The at least one turning vane is curved to reduce turbulence of coolant flowing through the inlet port and into the cavity.

Abstract: An apparatus (e.g., tube sheet) includes a plate piece, a sleeve piece, and a tube piece. The plate piece defines a hole. The sleeve piece has first and second ends; the second end is shaped to fit through the hole for attachment of the sleeve piece to the plate piece. The tube piece also has first and second ends. Inner and outer cross-sectional geometries of the tube piece and the sleeve piece (e.g., in the case of round tubes, inner and outer diameters) are shaped for the first end of the tube piece to fit in the first end of the sleeve piece and to form a continuous interior fluid flow path from the second end of the tube piece through the plate piece when the sleeve piece is disposed in the hole and attached to the plate piece and the tube piece is disposed in the sleeve piece.

Abstract: A radiative cooling device that can cool a cooling target appropriately with cost reduction of its light reflective layer and that also can achieve the cooling effect for an extended period of time advantageously. An infrared radiative layer for radiating infrared light from a radiative surface and a light reflective layer disposed on the opposite side to the presence side of the radiative surface of the infrared radiative layer are provided in a mutually stacked state. The light reflective layer is arranged such that a first layer made of silver or silver alloy, a second layer made of aluminum or aluminum alloy and an anti-alloying transparent layer for preventing alloying between silver and aluminum are stacked in the order of the first layer, the anti-alloying transparent layer and the second layer on the side closer to the infrared radiative layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plate heat exchanger (10) having a plate heat exchanger block (11), which has a plurality of partitions (4, 5) arranged parallel to one another in the form of separating plates which form a plurality of heat exchange passages (1a, 1b) for fluids which are to be brought into indirect heat exchange relationship with one another. The heat exchange passages are closed off from the outside by lateral strips (8), and each heat exchange passage (1a, 1b) has an inlet (9) for inflow of a fluid and an outlet (19) for outflow of the fluid. According to the invention, one or more partitions (4, 5) and/or one or more heat-conducting elements (2, 3) in each case have a coating (41) made of a heat-insulating material. The invention further relates to a method for producing a polymer laminate and to a method for joining prefabricated polymer components to each other.

Abstract: A coolant circuit for a drive device. It includes a first coolant sub-circuit and a second coolant sub-circuit, in each of which a device to be temperature-controlled is arranged and which are fluidically connected to one another via at least one connecting valve, wherein at least one coolant pump is provided in each of the two coolant sub-circuits, which is designed in at least one of the coolant sub-circuits as a fluid pump having variable delivery direction. The disclosure furthermore relates to a method for operating a coolant circuit for a drive device.

Abstract: A cartridge (1) in the form of a cylindrical container with eternal fixing ribs, a releasing unit (3) of the rear cartridge in the rear window (4) of the cartridge and a mechanism pressing the shell against the inner surface of the cartridge through the front window (5) of the cartridge (1). The front window (5) of the cartridge (1), together with the pressure plate unit (6), are placed inside the cartridge (1) within the cylindrical part of the shell loaded into this cartridge (1). At least two transverse rods (8) are affixed to the pressure plate (6), the ends of which are moving within slots (14) of side guides (12) affixed onto the cartridge (1), on both sides of the front window (5), wherein the pair of ends (11) of each transverse rod (8) is moving within the pair of slots (14) of side guides (12). Each of the side guides (12) is located near the side edge of the front window (5) of the cartridge (1) and is placed on linear moving guide (13) provided with a return spring (18).

Abstract: An ammunition box that is intended to equip a magazine of a gun turret. The box is substantially parallelepipedic and comprises a pivoting handle formed by two arms that are articulated on the side walls and are connected by a grip allowing the extraction and transportation of the box. The handle comprises a protuberance disposed in the vicinity of at least one of the articulated arms and in the vicinity of its pivot pin on the walls, which protuberance is intended to engage with at least one guide groove provided on the magazine of the turret. A further aim of the invention is a magazine capable of receiving such a box.

Abstract: A magazine loader comprises a body for receiving an upper portion of the magazine and a cap slidingly engaged with the body for loading cartridges in to the magazine received by the body. The body comprises a plurality of wall portions defining a body cavity configured to receive an upper portion of a magazine. The plurality of cap wall portions may comprise a starboard cap wall portion and an opposing port cap wall portion. An upper portion of the body is slidingly received in the interior volume defined by the cap so that the body and the cap slide relative to one another along a sliding axis. The sliding axis may extend in the upward and downward directions and the cap may translate between an upper position and a lower position along the sliding axis.

Abstract: An area denial system may be operationally placed with communication latency compensation. The area denial system may include a plurality of munitions, one or more sensor devices, and a command and control unit, networked together and having a command and control latency for communication between the command and control unit and the remainder of the area denial system. Latency compensation may include determining a first target position, determining a first predicted position area for the target using the command and control latency and the first target position, receiving an authorization to arm one or more of the munitions, determining a second target position, and determining that the second target position is outside a threshold distance from a first authorized munition of the one or more authorized munitions, and in response, de-authorizing the first authorized munition.

Abstract: A magazine is provided for a firearm. The magazine comprises a locking mechanism. The locking mechanism has a user interface adapted to enable a user to select between a locked condition and an unlocked condition. The locking mechanism has a rotor movable between a first rotational position when the locking mechanism is in the locked condition and a second rotational position when the locking mechanism is in the unlocked condition. The magazine comprises an elongated shaft connected to the rotor. The magazine comprises a block element connected to the elongated shaft. The block element is adapted to move between a first position when the locking mechanism is in the locked condition in which at least one of firearm operation and magazine extraction are prevented, and a second position when the locking mechanism is in the unlocked condition in which firearm operation and magazine extraction are enabled.

Abstract: A kit for modifying a firearm includes an adapter, and the adapter includes an external threaded surface configured to detachably couple to an internal threaded surface of a receiver of the firearm. An adapter bore is disposed opposite the external threaded surface, and the adapter bore is configured to receive a barrel of the firearm. The kit further includes a securing element, and the securing element includes a securing element bore configured to receive the barrel. The securing element is configured to detachably couple to the adapter and thereby secure the barrel to the adapter.

Abstract: An air-soft gun includes a grip; a high-pressure air canister disposed in the grip; and a remaining compressed air release device including a channel member threadedly secured to an end of the air canister and including an axial channel and a sealing ring; a rotatable cap releasably secured to the channel member; a biasing member fastened between the cap and the channel member; a striker including a needle on a first end, an internal passageway, an inlet proximate the needle and communicating with the passageway, an outlet proximate a second end and communicating with the passageway, internal threads on the passageway proximate the second end, and a threaded fastener driven through the cap into the internal threads to secure the cap to the striker. The inlet is blocked by the sealing ring in an inoperative position.

Abstract: A firearm is proposed, with an optical safety marking provided on the firearm for clearly indicating the safety state of the firearm. In order to increase the safety of the firearm, it is proposed for the safety marking to be embodied as phosphorescent and/or fluorescent and/or radioluminescent and/or bioluminescent.

Abstract: The present invention is a rifle sling for use with a rifle having butt and barrel portions. The rifle sling comprises a one-piece leather strap comprising a central longitudinal axis, a fixed end portion, and a sliding end portion. The sliding end portion comprises a slit that is parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the strap. The sliding end portion being folded to form first and twisted second loops with the first loop passing thru the second loop to form a sliding knot. The fixed end portion comprises first and second slits parallel to the central longitudinal axis and aligned with each other. The fixed end portion being folded to form a loop that is passed thru the first and second slits to form a fixed knot. Unlike conventional rifle slings, the rifle sling of the present invention does not employ any hardware.

Abstract: A buffer tube for a firearm can include a body defining an interior cavity for receiving a buffer spring and a rail disposed on and/or formed from the outer surface of the body. The rail can include one or more pin holes configured to receive a pin of a stock to lock the stock in a position. The buffer tube can also include a slide bar channel defined through at least a portion of the rail and configured to allow a slide bar to slide therein relative to the one or more pin holes to urge a pin out of a respective pin hole and/or to block a pin from being received by the pin holes.

Abstract: Adjusting the length of firearms using stock assembly systems are provided. In one embodiment, a stock assembly comprises: a receiver extension having a first interface configured to mate with a second interface of a stock; the first interface comprising a base portion, a plurality of first edges, and a plurality of first grooves; the second interface comprising a slot portion, a plurality of second edges, and a plurality of second grooves; wherein the plurality of first edges are in contact with the plurality of second grooves and the plurality of first grooves are in contact with the plurality of second edges of the second interface to mate the stock with the receiver extension; and wherein the base portion of the first interface is in contact with the slot portion of the second interface allowing the stock to slide along a horizontal axis of the receiver extension.

Abstract: A rear sight assembly is disclosed. The rear sight assembly contains a housing defining a first opening, a second opening, and a third opening, a rear sight mechanism containing a thumb wheel positioned in the first opening, at least partially threaded support member positioned in the second opening and the third opening, wherein the at least partially threaded support member is threaded through the thumb wheel, and a rear aiming point member adjustably coupled with the at least partially threaded support member.

Abstract: A method of indicating an aiming adjustment in a riflescope of a shooting device. The method includes receiving, at a controller in the riflescope, a ballistics solution signal, the ballistics solution signal corresponding to a path of a projectile to be fired from the shooting device toward a target; receiving, at the controller, a first electronic signal corresponding to a position of an elevation adjustment selector of the riflescope relative to a zero point of the elevation adjustment selector; determining, by the controller, a magnitude and a direction of an aiming adjustment based on at least the first electronic signal and the ballistics solution signal; and activating an electronic indicator to provide a notification signal to a user, the notification signal conveying the magnitude and the direction of the aiming adjustment.

Abstract: A sight adjustment assembly has a frame with a clamping mechanism for receiving and clamping a handgun slide with an attached stationary sight and an adjustment mechanism for engaging and adjusting the sight in a lateral position with respect to the slide. The sight adjustment mechanism and the clamping mechanism are contained within an outer periphery of the frame during storage and use to thereby provide a compact device that can conveniently accompany a user for sight adjustments in the field.

Abstract: A system for aiming a weapon, the system comprising: an imaging system configured to be mounted to a weapon and acquire targeting images of scenes along directions in which the weapon points; and a display system operable to display the acquired targeting images in directions suitable for convenient viewing by a user.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved target system for use by target shooters. The target system includes any target that is solid enough to transfer a portion of the impact to the frame supporting the target. An impact sensor that is independent from the target is attached to the frame supporting the target. When the target is hit by a bullet, the impact causes the impact sensor to light an indicator light to indicate that the target was hit. In some embodiments, the indicator light is housed in a housing that includes an adjustable lens to focus the light and concentrate its direction toward the shooter. In other embodiments, a remote indicator light is utilized and the impact sensor sends a radio signal to the indicator light to cause it light up when the target is impacted.

Abstract: Provided is a bullet hit squib including: an electrical connection line; a glow wire connected to the electrical connection line; and a primary explosive charge by which an active substance is formed which can be ignited by the glow wire. The primary explosive charge is formed by a primary explosive which is free of heavy metals and contains silver azide. A method for producing a bullet hit squib is also provided.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a polymeric ammunition having a metal injection molded primer insert.

Abstract: A system and method to aid in guidance, navigation and control of a guided projectile including a precision guidance munition assembly. The system and method receive position estimates of the guided projectile from a guiding sensor, determine predicted impact points of the guided projectile relative to a target based on the position estimates, determine miss distances of the guided projectile relative to the target, determine smoothed miss distances based, at least in part, on the determined miss distances, and process updated steering commands to steer the guided projectile based on the smoothed miss distances.

Abstract: A compressive structural element including: an enclosure having a top, a bottom, and inner wall and an outer wall, a first cavity defined between the inner and outer walls and a second cavity defined by the inner wall; and a non-compressible material disposed in the first cavity; wherein the outer wall has at least a portion thereof inwardly shaped toward the first cavity and the inner wall has at least a portion outwardly shaped towards the first cavity such that a first compressive force acting on the top and/or bottom tending to compress the element by a first deflection causes an amplified second deflection, relative to the first deflection, of the inner and/or outer walls into the non-compressible material, thereby exerting a second compressive force against the non-compressible material, resulting in a resistance to the first deflection and the first compressive force tending to compress the element.

Abstract: A sabot having an extended casing for containing propellant charge and a slotted top portion for securing a projectile. The propellant charge is ignited by gases that enter the lower portion of the sabot from a puncture developed by the mating of the sabot against a breech plug. The breech plug has a piercing component in the form of a sharpened forward edge to initiate puncture of the breech end of the sabot.

Abstract: A primer structure is provided for holding a deposited ignitable material, and for holding the ignitable material within a firearm cartridge or within another munition. The primer includes a disk and a retaining ring. Ignitable material is deposited on a surface of the disk. The retaining ring is positioned in front of the disk. The retaining ring includes angled passageways for reaction products to travel from the ignitable material to the propellant. The forwardmost surface of the retaining ring, as well as the angle of the passageways, dissipate pressure that would otherwise be borne by the disk. Both the disk and retaining ring include angled or stepped surfaces to resist movement under pressure.

Abstract: A conducted electrical weapon (“CEW”) deploys wire-tethered electrodes after generation of an ignition signal. The ignition signal is provided to a deployment unit. The deployment unit includes a primer material adjacent a conductor. The conductor conducts the ignition signal outside the primer material. A temperature of the conductor increases in response to receiving the ignition signal. The primer material ignites in response to the increase in temperature of the conductor.

Abstract: An electronic initiation system for use with a firing panel may include an input connector, a plurality of electronic ignition circuits (EICs) operably coupled together in series, and an indicator operably coupled to an output of each EIC of the plurality of EICs. A first EIC of the plurality of EICs may be operably coupled to the input connector. The indicator is configured to generate an indication in response to an output of an EIC of the plurality of EICs satisfying a predetermined condition.

Abstract: A system for measuring the diameter of a suture includes a test bench, a first suture clamping assembly slidably mounted to the test bench, and a second suture clamping assembly fixed to the test bench. The system includes a suture diameter gauge slidably mounted to the test bench and located between the first and second suture clamping assemblies for obtaining suture diameter measurements for a suture secured to the clamping assemblies. The system has a rotation assembly coupled with the first and second suture clamping assemblies for simultaneously rotating the first and second suture clamping assemblies on an axis between a first position and a second position that defines a right angle with the first position. The system includes a suture tensioning assembly for applying tension to a suture secured to the first and second suture clamping assemblies as the suture is rotated on its axis.

Abstract: A pipeline three-dimensional curve measuring robot and implementation method therefor. The measuring robot includes an electronic bin, sliding rods, wheel bracket, walking wheels arranged on wheel bracket, odometer wheels arranged on sliding rod on one side and encoders; the electronic bin is internally provided with an inertia measurement unit, collection control module and power supply module; when measuring, the measuring robot is controlled to move back and forth in a pipeline collecting measuring data; comparing measured data with three-dimensional curve data at pipeline reference moment to obtain deformation quantity of pipeline three-dimensional curve.

Abstract: Methods of measuring a thickness of a material are disclosed. An oscillating signal at a measurement frequency is applied to a circuit including an inductive component and a capacitive component provided using a pair of capacitive sensor electrodes adjacent the material. The measurement frequency is less than a resonant frequency of the circuit, and the resonant frequency is based on the inductive component and the capacitive component. Information regarding a value of a measured parameter is generated based on applying the oscillating signal at the measurement frequency to the circuit. A value of the measured parameter is related to the thickness of the material.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomography (OCT) system electrically mixes a signature signal with an OCT signal (e.g., an interferogram) output by a photodetector of the OCT system. The signature signal may be a signal output by a photodetector that detects an optical signal from a fiber Bragg grating. The signature signal may then be time delayed before combination with the OCT signal. A series of interferograms are then aligned according to the signature signal. A rescaling signal may be similarly electrically mixed with the signature and OCT signals.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure provide improved techniques for imaging a subject's retina fundus. Some aspects relate to an imaging apparatus that may be substantially binocular shaped and/or may house multiple imaging devices configured to provide multiple corresponding modes of imaging the subject's retina fundus. Some aspects relate to techniques for imaging a subject's eye using white light, fluorescence, infrared (IR), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and/or other imaging modalities that may be employed by a single imaging apparatus. Some aspects relate to improvements in white light, fluorescence, IR, OCT, and/or other imaging technologies that may be employed alone or in combination with other techniques. Some aspects relate to multi-modal imaging techniques that enable determination of a subject's health status.

Abstract: Optoelectronic modules operable to measure proximity independent of object surface reflectivity and, in some implementations, operable to measure characteristics (such as surface reflectivity or absorptivity) of stationary or moving objects are disclosed. The optoelectronic modules are operable to determine, for example, pulse rate, peripheral blood circulation, and/or blood oxygen levels of moving objects, such as the appendage of a user, in some instances. The optoelectronic modules can be used to measure peripheral blood circulation, for example, when a user of the optoelectronic module is engaged in physical activity, such as walking, running or cycling.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a measuring apparatus capable of easily grasping a tracking state of a target and performing an efficient measurement. One aspect of the present invention is a measuring apparatus that emits a light beam toward a target, captures and tracks the target, and measures the three-dimensional coordinates of the target. The measuring apparatus comprises: a light source for emitting light beam; an angle control unit for controlling the emission angle of the light beam emitted from the light source so as to track the moving target; a display unit that provided on a device that is wearable by a measurer; a calculation unit for calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the target based on the emission angle of the light beam and the light returning from the target; and a display control unit that controls information displayed on the display unit based on the three-dimensional coordinates calculated by the calculation unit.

Abstract: An image sensor and well structure associated with and extending away from the surface of the image sensor are provided in various apparatuses, methods, and systems for determining the position of a light emitter located in object space. An exemplary method includes (i) providing the image sensor and structure associated therewith, the structure defining a field of view for each pixel within the array of pixels; (ii) determining a light intensity value for photoactivated pixels receiving light from the light emitter; (iii) identifying a first photoactivated pixel having a local maximum of light intensity; (iv) calculating a perpendicular distance between the first photoactivated pixel and the light emitter; and (v) constructing the position of the light emitter based on a position of the first photoactivated pixel in the array of pixels and the perpendicular distance between the first photoactivated pixel and the light emitter.

Abstract: A shape sensor employs light guide technology to determine a degree, positioning, and direction of curvature of a flexible substrate to which the shape sensor is applied. The shape sensor includes a flexible two-dimensional lattice of a plurality of first light guides that extend in a first direction and a plurality of second light guides that extend in a second direction that intersects with the first direction; each of the light guides of the two-dimensional lattice including a light source at a first end of the light guide and a photodetector at a second end of the light guide opposite from the first end; and a flexible cladding material in which the two-dimensional lattice of first and second light guides is embedded. Each of the light guides of the two-dimensional lattice includes a core having a refractive index that is greater than a refractive index of the cladding material.

Abstract: A system is described in which one or more loops of single mode optical fiber are buried in a face or crest of a slope such as a tailings dam. An optical interrogator such as a Brillouin frequency domain interrogator sweeps the optical fiber to measure strain and temperature at locations distributed along the length of the optical fiber.

Abstract: Methods and systems for capturing motion and/or determining the shapes and positions of one or more objects in 3D space utilize cross-sections thereof. In various embodiments, images of the cross-sections are captured using a camera based on reflections therefrom or shadows cast thereby.

Abstract: An information processing device includes a displaced position calculation processing unit, a spatial value acquisition processing unit, and a spatial value display processing unit. The displaced position calculation processing unit is configured to determine displaced position data on a position displaced from an optional point on surface shape data on a surface of a measurement target in a given direction by a given distance. The spatial value acquisition processing unit is configured to acquire, based on spatial region values represented by volume data formed in a space containing a shape of the measurement target and the displaced position data, a spatial region value for a position stored in the displaced position data. The spatial value display processing unit is configured to dispose and display a display material corresponding to the spatial region value on the surface shape data.

Abstract: A rotorcraft is described and includes an inertial measurement unit (“IMU”) sensor mounted to the rotorcraft, the IMU sensor oriented relative to the rotorcraft such that a roll attitude of the rotorcraft occurs about a Z-axis and has a range of ±90 degrees, a pitch attitude of the rotorcraft occurs about an X-axis and has a range of ±180 degrees, and a yaw attitude of the rotorcraft occurs about a Y-axis and has a range of ±180 degrees.

Abstract: Provided are a movable marking system, a method of controlling a movable marking apparatus, and a computer-readable recording medium. The movable marking system is a movable marking system that includes a movable marking apparatus, and includes: a data receiving unit for receiving marking data regarding a working surface; a marking unit for performing a marking operation on the working surface in response to the marking data; a sensing unit for scanning space targeted for scanning; and a scan condition setting unit for setting a movement path of the movable marking apparatus corresponding to the marking data, setting a scan position for scanning the space targeted for scanning by taking into account reference map data corresponding to the space targeted for scanning, and setting a scan angle of the sensing unit at the scan position.

Abstract: A gyrostabiliser having a vacuum chamber assembly is disclosed. The gyrostabilizer can have a flywheel enclosed within a vacuum chamber formed by a housing. The flywheel shaft can be fixed to or integral with the flywheel and located relative to the housing by upper and lower spin bearings which permit rotation of the flywheel about the spin axis.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical gyroscope includes a drive loop having a drive element and a drive loop circuitry. The drive loop circuitry includes a clock generating circuitry for generating from the quadrature-phase detection signal a test clock signal, an angular rate phase demodulation signal and a quadrature phase demodulation signal. A sense loop includes a sense element and sense loop circuitry for detecting angular rate and producing a force-feedback signal. A test signal generator receives a quadrature-phase detection signal to be used as a quadrature-phase carrier signal and the test clock signal A summing element sums a test signal with the force-feedback signal to form a sense feedback signal. A rate phase demodulator produces a rate signal by demodulating a sense signal received from the sense loop with the angular rate phase demodulation signal, and a quadrature-phase demodulator produces a quadrature-phase output signal.

Abstract: The MEMS gyroscope has a mobile mass carried by a supporting structure to move in a driving direction and in a first sensing direction, perpendicular to each other. A driving structure governs movement of the mobile mass in the driving direction at a driving frequency. A movement sensing structure is coupled to the mobile mass and detects the movement of the mobile mass in the sensing direction. A quadrature-injection structure is coupled to the mobile mass and causes a first and a second movement of the mobile mass in the sensing direction in a first calibration half-period and, respectively, a second calibration half-period. The movement-sensing structure supplies a sensing signal having an amplitude switching between a first and a second value that depend upon the movement of the mobile mass as a result of an external angular velocity and of the first and second quadrature movements.

Abstract: A ring laser gyroscope is provided. A light source is configured to generate light of a first wavelength. A plurality primary cavity mirrors are configured to route light of a second wavelength around a primary cavity to a readout device. One primary cavity mirror of the plurality of primary cavity mirrors includes a gain medium. The pumping mirror and the one primary cavity mirror including the gain medium is positioned and configured to reflect the light of the first wavelength back and forth in a pumping cavity through the gain medium, wherein the light of the first wavelength stimulates the gain medium to generate the light of the second wavelength that are reflected around the primary cavity to the readout device.