Abstract: A vehicle includes a steering wheel that can move between a driving position in which an occupant operates the steering wheel and a table position in which a wheel axis is oriented in a vehicle vertical direction. The steering wheel in the table position functions as a table or a part of a table for use by the occupant, who is sitting in a driver's seat.

Abstract: A compound energy absorption system for a steering column may include different first and second energy absorption mechanisms. The first energy absorption mechanism may involve a slide that deforms a deformation strip in a crash event. The second energy absorption mechanism may involve an energy absorbing strap and a carrier, with the energy absorbing strap being configured to bend and/or tear in a crash event. The energy absorbing strap, the carrier, the deformation strip, and the slide may be packaged compactly in series along an inner jacket tube of the steering column such that the carrier and the deformation strip move relative to the slide and a portion of the energy absorbing strap in a crash event. A pyrotechnic switch, a solenoid, or the like may selectively couple or decouple the second energy absorption mechanism depending on the severity or anticipated severity of a crash event.

Abstract: A gap concealing structure for a vehicle includes an instrument cluster frame, a steering column, a steering column cover, and a flexible concealing member that conceals the gap between the instrument cluster frame and the steering column cover in the front-rear direction of the vehicle. The instrument cluster frame includes a curvilinear recess that is recessed upward away from the steering column and an attachment wall that extends in the up-down direction and the left-right direction of the vehicle from the lower surface of the recess. The concealing member has a first end and a second end in the front-rear direction of the vehicle. The first end of the concealing member is attached to the attachment wall of the instrument cluster frame. The second end of the concealing member is attached to the steering column cover.

Abstract: A method and equipment for calibrating the steering angle sensor system of an electric steering system of a transportation vehicle during a software update, wherein the steering angle sensor system has a rotor position sensor for determining the rotor position of the electric motor of the electric steering system and the steering angle is derived from the rotor position. The method includes starting the software update, reading in and saving the present position data of the electric motor of the steering system, reading in and saving the memory values of the present calibration of the steering angle sensor system, cyclically monitoring the rotor position of the electric motor using the rotor position sensor, performing the software update, terminating the software update, and writing back the memory values of the calibration and releasing the software update.

Abstract: An electrically powered work vehicle includes a left driving wheel and a right driving wheel that are supported to a vehicle body, a left motor for driving the left driving wheel and a right motor for driving the right driving wheel, a steering wheel, an acceleration operation tool, a turning command calculation section for calculating a turning command based on a steering operation amount of the steering wheel, a turning torque calculation section for calculating a turning torque based on the turning command, a vehicle speed command calculation section for calculating a vehicle speed command based on an acceleration operation amount of the acceleration operation tool, a vehicle speed torque calculation section for calculating a vehicle speed torque based on the vehicle speed command, and a speed command calculation section for calculating a left motor speed command and a right motor speed command based on the turning torque and the vehicle speed torque.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emergency vehicle (1) designed as a heavy truck, comprising a vehicle body (2) having an underbody assembly (9), a roof assembly (10) and at least one longitudinal wall (11, 12). Furthermore, a central longitudinal beam (8) is provided that is disposed in a manner extending in vehicle longitudinal direction. The central longitudinal beam (8) is joined directly and securely to the vehicle body (2), wherein it forms an integral constituent of the underbody assembly (9) of the vehicle body (2).

Abstract: A suspension sub frame structure comprises a suspension sub frame provided to extend in a vehicle longitudinal direction and supporting a suspension link, an extension frame provided to extend forwardly from a front end of the suspension sub frame and having lower rigidity against a load applied in the vehicle longitudinal direction than the suspension sub frame, and a cross member provided to extend in a vehicle width direction on an inward side, in the vehicle width direction, of the both frames, wherein the cross member is joined to the both frames at a joint area which is continuous in the vehicle longitudinal direction.

Abstract: An impact structure includes a beam configured to deform in a particular manner. The beam may include a first deformable portion extending from a front end of the beam toward a rear end of the beam. The first deformable portion may be configured to axially crush in a direction substantially parallel to a longitudinal direction of the beam. The beam may also include a second deformable portion extending between the first deformable portion and the rear end. The beam may also include a reinforced section configured to cause the second deformable portion to bend. The first and second deformable portions may be configured such that an axial force acting on the front end in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction causes the first deformable portion to axially crush prior to causing the second deformable portion to bend.

Abstract: A vehicle front end structure includes an engine cradle and a force receiving structure. The engine cradle has a front corner and an engine mounted to the engine cradle. The force receiving structure has a force receiving surface extending laterally outboard from proximate the front corner of the engine cradle and a force directing section located rearward of the force receiving surface. The force receiving structure is installed to the engine cradle by a vertically oriented first mechanical fastener designed and structured such that during an impact event where an impacting force is applied to the force receiving surface, the force receiving structure pivots about the first mechanical fastener with an outboard portion of the force receiving surface initially moving rearward relative to the engine cradle and the force directing section initially moving laterally inboard contacting the engine and imparting a portion of the impacting force thereto.

Abstract: A vehicle body lower structure includes a pair of left and right side sills, a battery pack and a battery cross member. The battery pack accommodates a battery cell therein, and end portions in a vehicle width direction are coupled to the side sills while being disposed below a floor panel. The battery cross member is disposed inside the battery pack substantially in the vehicle width direction and extends further outward in the vehicle width direction than the battery cell. The battery cross member includes a first cross member and a second cross member extending further outward in the vehicle width direction than the first cross member.

Abstract: A side frame comprises a center pillar which includes a reinforcement provided on an outward side in a vehicle width direction and an inner panel provided on an inward side in the vehicle width direction. The reinforcement comprises upper-and-lower hinge attachment sections for attaching rear-door hinges and first-and-second recessed beads for promoting bending of the center pillar in a vehicle side collision. The hinge attachment sections are provided to be spaced apart from each other in a vertical direction. The first recessed bead is provided at a higher level than the lower hinge attachment section. The second recessed bead is provided at a lower level than the lower hinge attachment section and configured to be bent before the first recessed bead in the vehicle side collision.

Abstract: A side sill structure can be used for a vehicle. The side sill structure includes a side sill extending along a longitudinal direction of the vehicle; and a front connection member connects a front side member located at a front side of the side sill to a front end of the side sill.

Abstract: A vehicle side body includes a vertical plate, a horizontal plate connected to a lower edge of the vertical plate and extending outward from the edge to form an L-shaped inside edge with the vertical plate, an opening extending in the vertical plate and the horizontal plate across the inside edge, and an L-shaped bracket fixed to, around the opening, an inner surface of the vertical plate and a lower surface of the horizontal plate. A hydrogen filling port to which a hydrogen filling nozzle is connectable is attached to the L-shaped bracket. A rib plate is provided to connect an outer surface of the vertical plate and an upper surface of the horizontal plate. An accidental contact between the hydrogen filling nozzle and a body is inhibited.

Abstract: A vehicle lower section structure includes a battery unit that is disposed below a floor panel, a sliding door that is provided to a side section of a vehicle body, and a lower hinge that is attached to a lower portion of the sliding door, that supports the sliding door with respect to the vehicle body such that the sliding door is capable of sliding in a vehicle front-rear direction, and that is disposed further toward a vehicle upper side than the battery unit.

Abstract: An apparatus, according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a bracket having a first attachment feature configured for attachment to a quarter panel and a second attachment feature configured for attachment to a body inner structure. A BLIS module attaches to the body inner structure without covering the first attachment feature. A method according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, attaching a quarter panel to a bracket via a first attachment feature, attaching the quarter panel with the bracket to a body inner structure, attaching the bracket to the body inner structure via a second attachment feature, and attaching a BLIS module to the body inner structure without covering the first attachment feature.

Abstract: To provide an arrangement structure of electrical apparatuses in an electric automobile which can realize space savings of a space housing a plurality of electrical apparatuses. An arrangement structure of electrical apparatuses in an electric automobile includes: a vehicle body having a driver cabin and a housing space provided forward of the driver cabin; a plurality of electrical apparatuses (junction board, charger, voltage converter, battery heater) housed in the housing space; and a frame body retaining the plurality of electrical apparatuses to overlap vertically, in which a specific electrical apparatus positioned more downwards than a predetermined position among the plurality of electrical apparatus is arranged more downwards as having a shorter length in the front/rear direction of the vehicle body, or as having a shorter length in the width direction of the vehicle body.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle front portion structure including: a right and left pair of front side members that are disposed on both vehicle width direction sides of a vehicle body front portion and extend along the vehicle front and rear direction; a cross member that is disposed between front end portions of the right and left pair of front side members and interconnects the front end portions in the vehicle width direction; a front-wheel-drive motor that is disposed on the vehicle rear side of the cross member; and a radiator that is disposed on the vehicle rear side of the cross member and on the vehicle front side of the motor and extends along the vehicle width direction and the vehicle up and down direction.

Abstract: A cross-vehicle beam for a vehicle comprises a tubular portion extending in a longitudinal direction (X), a first brace connected to the tubular portion and intended to be fixed to a windshield lower crossmember of the body of the vehicle, and a second brace connected to the tubular portion and intended to be fixed to a bulkhead of the body of the vehicle. The ends of the first and second braces at the tubular portion are located in the same transverse plane (P1) of the tubular portion.

Abstract: The independent Y-shaped bead 10 is provided on the panel P with a planar shape. The bead 10 includes the plurality of branching portions 10a, 10b, and 10c radially extending from the intersection R3 at an equal interval.

Abstract: A vehicle rail assembly has an extending longitudinal rail with a kick down area. A kick down area enabler is positioned in the rail at the kick down area. The kick down area enabler includes a foot rest portion, an outer part portion and a kick down portion all contacting the rail. The outer part portion and kick down portion part are cantilevered from the foot rest portion via welding. The kick down area enabler provides additional energy absorption for the rail to prevent intrusion into a passenger compartment.

Abstract: A vehicle side portion structure includes an inner member and an outer member that is disposed outward of the inner member in a vehicle width direction, the inner member and the outer member being bonded to each other through spot welding. An upper corner portion of the inner member is provided with a welded portion provided with a welding point on which the spot welding is performed, and a bead portion is provided in the vicinity of the welded portion of the inner member such that the bead portion surrounds the welded portion.

Abstract: A vehicle is disclosed having a composite cargo body. A floor of the cargo body is constructed of a first composite material. A roof, a right sidewall, a left sidewall, and a nose of the cargo body are constructed of a second composite material different from the first composite material. Various components of the composite cargo body are bonded together with an adhesive. Mechanical fasteners also may be used to join other components of composite cargo body.

Abstract: A portable towing system for a motorcycle or similar vehicle, such as a trike, the frame of which can be lowered to ground level to facilitate loading of the motorcycle or similar vehicle by pushing or riding the vehicle onto the frame without risk of the vehicle falling off the sides of a steeply inclined ramp. The towing system may be assembled, raised, lowered, and disassembled by a single person, if desired. The raising and lowering of the frame is effected by a lifting and lowering mechanism connected with the wheel assemblies.

Abstract: An all-terrain vehicle for civil protection activities includes a vehicle structure with at least one module for transporting persons and/or material, and a plurality of legs bearing respective wheel assemblies or track assemblies. Each leg is pivotably mounted about a first transverse axis. One first end of the leg carries a wheel assembly or a track assembly and a second end is freely mounted pivoting about the first transverse axis on a first support which is carried by the vehicle structure. An electronically-controlled actuator adjusts an angular position of the first support about a first transverse axis. Between the first support and the leg structure two spring-shock absorber assemblies are interposed, which extend along the leg.

Abstract: A vehicle drive system can include wheels that have flat portions corresponding to the areas of relative flexibility of stiffness of a track. When the discontinuous, angular profile of the track of the vehicle can deform about a matching angularly-profiled wheel, a smoother ride with less power loss can be produced, and ratcheting (caused by loosened or mismatched engagement between the track and a driving structure) can be reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tracked vehicle (11) comprising a vehicle body (30), at least one track assembly (21) and a suspension device (S). Said track assembly (21) is arranged to be supported by said vehicle body (30) by means of said suspension device (S), said track assembly comprising a track support beam (22) for supporting a plurality of road wheels (23, 23a), an endless track (25) being disposed around said road wheels. Said suspension device (S) comprises a bogie arrangement (50) rotatably attached to a fastening point (P0) of said vehicle body (30) about an axis of rotation (Z0) transversal to the longitudinal extension of said track assembly (21) and attached to said track support beam (22) in connection to at least two fastening points (P1, P2) so that the track support beam (22) is allowed to rotate in a rotational plane extending along the longitudinal extension of said track support beam (22) about said axis of rotation.

Abstract: There is disclosed a cleat apparatus mountable on a track of a tractor or similar vehicle. In an embodiment, the apparatus comprises an elongate frame having a first mounting bracket at a first end of the elongate frame, the first mounting bracket adapted to latch onto a first side of a track, and a removable second mounting bracket adapted to mount to a second end of the elongate frame, and to latch onto a second side of the track. The cleat apparatus is secured in position by the mounting brackets to provide additional traction for the track in more extreme operating conditions, including snow and ice in winter. This may significantly extend the utility of tractors which otherwise may sit idle during winter months.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mobile robot adapted to traverse vertical obstacles. The robot comprises a frame and at least one wheel positioned in a front section of the robot, at least two middle wheels and at least two rear wheels. The at least one middle wheel and at least one rear wheel are connected by a tilting lever that is arranged on each of the opposing sides of or to the frame, forming a pair of wheels. Each tilting lever can be turned around a lever bearing located between the respective axial centers of rotation of each pair of wheels.

Abstract: Brackets for mounting auxiliary suspension systems, such as lift axle systems, to vehicles are disclosed herein. For example, brackets are disclosed for attaching lift axle hanger brackets and lift axle load springs to corresponding frame members. In some embodiments, the frame brackets can include physical features (e.g., a series of graduated steps in an edge portion thereof) to facilitate visual alignment of the lift axle with the vehicle frame members during installation. In other embodiments, the frame brackets can be two-piece brackets that enable the load springs to be removed and replaced without having to detach the frame bracket from the frame rail.

Abstract: A seating apparatus may include a seating unit and a pair of hollow supporting structure. In one embodiment, the hollow supporting structure is bowl-shaped springs which can be disposed underneath a seating unit to receive and support the buttocks of the user. In another embodiment, the seating unit can include a regular seat, a stool, a bicycle seat, and even a horse saddle. More specifically, the buttocks of the user can be received in a concave surface of each bowl-shaped spring so a complete support over a large area is provided to the user's buttocks and pubic bone to eliminate the pressure therefrom. Furthermore, the springs can also be used as cushions to absorb impact on the user's lower body portion. In another aspect, the hollow supporting structure is a pair of rings, and in a further aspect, the hollow supporting structure is a pair of bowl-shaped units.

Abstract: The present invention provides a leaning vehicle comprising a leaning frame (1), a front suspension assembly (2), an undercarriage element (3), a rear suspension assembly (4) and a motor (10), wherein the leaning frame (1) comprises a straddle seat (5) and a hand steering element (6), the hand steering element operatively connected to the front suspension assembly (2); the undercarriage element comprises a front section (7) and a rear section (8), and is connected to a suspension connecting element (9); the front suspension assembly (2) comprises two ground engaging members (13) and at least one shock absorber (20), and is connected to the leaning frame (1) and the suspension connecting element, such that the ground engaging members (13) of the front suspension assembly will tilt in the same direction as the leaning frame; the rear suspension assembly (4) comprises at least one rear ground engaging member (23) and is connected to the rear section (8) of the undercarriage element; wherein the leaning frame (1)

Abstract: A suspension system for a vehicle having a frame with a medial plane and a wheel defining a central plane. The suspension system comprises a wheel carrier rotatably connectable with the wheel and operably connected to the handle bar assembly for transferring steering motion from the handle bar assembly to the wheel, a steering shaft configured to transmit steering motion from the handle bar assembly to the wheel carrier, a plurality of locating arms, each of the plurality of locating arms having a forward end and a rearward end, a forward ball joint connecting the forward end of each of the plurality of locating arms with the wheel carrier and a rearward ball joint connecting the rearward end of each of the plurality of locating arms with the frame.

Abstract: To provide a brake controller and a brake system that appropriately brake a rotary body of a human-powered vehicle, a brake controller includes one or more processors configured to programmatically control a braking portion of a brake device so that the braking portion brakes a rotary body of the human-powered vehicle based on first information related to travel of the human-powered vehicle, the first information excluding a road surface gradient.

Abstract: A hydraulic operating device for a small vehicle including a bicycle is basically provided with a base member, an operating member, a piston, a handlebar fixing structure and a hydraulic reservoir tank. The base member includes a cylinder having a cylinder bore. The operating member is pivots about a pivot axis to move the piston within the cylinder bore. The handlebar fixing structure defines a handlebar arrangement area. The hydraulic reservoir tank has a hydraulic fluid chamber fluidly connected to the cylinder bore. The cylinder defines a hydraulic pressure chamber with a space between the piston and a fluid outlet port of the cylinder. The hydraulic reservoir tank is partially disposed on a first side of the handlebar fixing structure while the hydraulic pressure chamber is disposed on a second side of the handlebar fixing structure as view in the pivot axis direction.

Abstract: A bicycle operating device comprises a base member, an operating member, a hydraulic unit, an electrical switch, a wireless communicator, and a power supply. The base member includes a first end and a second end opposite to the first end. The operating member is pivotally coupled to the base member about a first pivot axis. At least part of the hydraulic unit is disposed closer to the second end than the first pivot axis when viewed from a first direction parallel to the first pivot axis. The power supply is electrically connected to the wireless communicator to supply electrical power to the wireless communicator. At least one of the wireless communicator and the power supply is at least partly disposed closer to the first end than the first pivot axis when viewed from the first direction.

Abstract: A vehicle having an electrical drive wheel hub system (30) and the hub system incorporated in the vehicle has a wheel hub (18) driven by an electric motor (31) formed by a brushless DC motor having stators (40) and rotors (42). The electric motor is arranged to drive an epicyclic gear system (32) which provides a reduction gear arrangement to drive the hub (18). Located entirely within the periphery of the stator is power circuitry and control circuitry for the electric motor, the circuitry being provided on toroidal printed circuit boards (70, 71).

Abstract: A creation device includes an acquisition part that acquires input information concerning traveling of a human-powered vehicle; and a creation part that creates different learning models that each produce output information concerning control of a component of the human-powered vehicle based on input information acquired by the acquisition part.

Abstract: A watercraft system including one or more air passageways and/or one or more water passageways is provided. The air passageways may extend from an upper surface of the watercraft, through the body of the watercraft, to an underneath surface of the watercraft. The water passageways may extend from an underneath forward or side portion on the watercraft, through the body of the watercraft, to a rear portion of the watercraft. The air and/or water passageways may be constricting from the inlets to the outlets so that the air and/or water is accelerated through the passageways during use of the craft. In this way, the release of the accelerated air and/or water decreases the craft's drag and provides the craft a forward thrust.

Abstract: A safety access system for use on floats, typically in the field of water and wastewater treatment, the system including rotatable and removable handrails and sockets attached to the float to receive the handrails.

Abstract: A fin for use on a surfboard, the fin comprising: a leading edge, a trailing edge, and a base, the base comprising at least one mount for mounting the fin onto a surfboard; a first and a second outer fin surface which meet along the leading edge and the trailing edge and abut the base; and a first ridge protruding laterally from the first outer fin surface, and/or a second ridge protruding laterally from the second outer fin surface; wherein the shape and configuration of the fin creates an area of lower water pressure around and in front of the fin, as well as disrupting and/or reducing the size of trailing vortices, resulting in additional forward thrust for the board on which the fin is mounted.

Abstract: An accessory mounting track provides quick and easy removable attachment and positioning of various devices. The method of attachment of devices to the accessory mounting track may be compatible with the attachment of these devices to other mounting systems, allowing the accessory mounting track to be used interchangeably with those systems.

Abstract: The invention provides a waveguide element (1000) comprising a first face (1001) and a second face (1002) with radiation transmissive material (1005) configured between the first face (1001) and the second face (1002), wherein the radiation transmissive material (1005) is transmissive for UV radiation, wherein the radiation transmissive material (1005) is a matrix material for a phase (1010) of another composition than the radiation transmissive material (1005), wherein the phase (1010) is available in the matrix as regions (1110) with the regions (1110) having mean particle radii (r1) selected from the range of 50-1500 nm and having an average region concentration selected from the range of 1*104-1.5*108/mm3 of the radiation transmissive material (1005).

Abstract: A waler assembly for floating docks and walkways includes an elongate metal extrusion for engaging the side of a series of adjoining float components. The extrusion includes a compartment for conformably receiving an elongate wedge. Connector rods join the extrusion and wedge to the float components. The extrusion carries an elongate strengthening plate that extends across the compartment of the extrusion. Each of the extrusion, wedge and strengthening plate includes a plurality of discrete segments that are aligned end to end. The joints between adjoining segments of the waler assembly are offset to provide improved structural integrity of the waler assembly and the floating dock or walkway.

Abstract: The invention relates to the naval field and in particular to a method for launching a structure (1) intended to float in water (15). This method comprises loading the structure (1) onto a pontoon (10) floating in the water, the bearing placement below the water (15) of at least one prop (2) connected to the structure (1) while the structure (1) rests on the pontoon (10) floating in the water (15), lowering the pontoon (10), with disengagement of the pontoon (10) vertically from the structure (1) and its subsequent removal while the structure (1) is supported by the at least one prop (2) bearing below the water (15), and lowering the structure (1), which is still supported by the at least one prop (2), until the structure (1) floats in the water (15).

Abstract: An underwater mobile inspection apparatus capable of inspecting an inspection object on a seafloor while cruising includes a cruising body configured to submerge under-water and cruise along the inspection object so as to not come into contact with the inspection object, a first movable arm provided on the cruising-body, and an inspection tool unit provided on the first movable arm and including at least one of an image-capturing camera for use in visually inspecting the inspection object and a device configured to inspect a wall thickness of the inspection object by using an ultrasonic wave. A controller is configured to, when the cruising-body cruises along the inspection object so as to not come into contact with the inspection object, operate the first movable arm to move the inspection tool unit, such that a positional relationship of the inspection tool unit with the inspection object becomes a predetermined target positional relationship.

Abstract: A robotic eel may comprise a plurality of torque reaction engines, an inertial mass, and a fin. Each of the plurality of torque reaction engines oscillates an inertial mass about an axis, producing a torque reaction on and oscillation of an external shaft. Oscillation of the external shaft bends a beam of the robotic eel. Bending the beam of the robotic eel produces at least one of a traveling or a standing wave in the beam. The traveling wave may be communicated to a second torque reaction of the plurality of torque reaction engines and to the fin, producing thrust.

Abstract: An air propeller assembly for moving a boat in shallow water includes a mount that can be mounted on a gunwale of a boat. A rod slidably is slidably coupled to the mount and the rod is rotatable about a vertical axis. A plate is coupled to the rod such that the plate is horizontally oriented when the mount is positioned on the gunwale. A steering handle is coupled to and extending away from the plate for steering. A motor is coupled to the plate and a propeller is coupled to the motor. The motor rotates the propeller when the motor is turned on. Additionally, the propeller agitates the air when the propeller is rotated to urge the boat through shallow water.

Abstract: A system comprises an elastic mount configured to support a propulsion device with respect to a marine vessel. The elastic mount contains an electromagnetic fluid. An electromagnet is configured so that increasing an amount of electricity applied to the electromagnet increases the shear strength of the electromagnetic fluid in the elastic mount and thereby decreases elasticity of the elastic mount, and so that decreasing the amount of electricity applied to the electromagnet decreases the shear strength of the electromagnetic fluid in the elastic mount and thereby increases the elasticity of the elastic mount. A controller automatically adapts the amount of electricity applied to the electromagnet based on one or more sensed conditions so as to improve performance and/or handling of the marine vessel.

Abstract: A trim system for an airboat having a hull and a deck comprises an engine support carriage elevated from the deck and having a first end pivotably mounted to the deck via a rigid frame, and at least one remotely operated hydraulic ram with each including a first end braced upon the deck or an intervening structure and a second end coupled to a free moving second end of the engine support carriage opposite the first end. In a method of adjusting trim on an airboat, during operation of an engine mounted to the engine support carriage, a thrust line of the engine is selectively changed by remotely causing the at least one linearly actuated lift to selectively extend and retract.

Abstract: In an outboard motor, a damper includes a bushing fixed to a periphery of a propeller shaft. The damper includes a second pressing surface that presses a first pressing surface of an inner surface of a cylinder in a circumferential direction, an elastic member disposed around a portion of the bushing different from the second pressing surface of the bushing, and a reinforcer disposed between the first pressing surface and the second pressing surface.