Abstract: Provided is a method for producing 1,3-butadiene that enables 1,3-butadiene to be obtained in a high yield while preventing abnormal reaction of a fraction containing vinylacetylene in high concentration. The method for producing 1,3-butadiene is a method for producing 1,3-butadiene from a fraction produced in separation and recovery of 1,3-butadiene from a C4 hydrocarbon mixture that includes: adding a diluent to a high VA fraction containing vinylacetylene to produce a diluted fraction; and subjecting the diluted fraction to hydrogenation treatment to produce 1,3-butadiene. Substantially only a low VA fraction is used as the diluent. The low VA fraction is a fraction that is produced in separation and recovery of 1,3-butadiene from the C4 hydrocarbon mixture and has a lower vinylacetylene concentration than the high VA fraction.

Abstract: Various illustrative embodiments of a system and process for recovering high-quality biomethane and carbon dioxide product streams from biogas sources and utilizing or sequestering the product streams are provided. The system and process synergistically yield a biomethane product which meets gas pipeline quality specifications and a carbon dioxide product of a quality and form that allows for its transport and sequestration or utilization and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The system and process result in improved access to gas pipelines for products, an improvement in the carbon intensity rating of the methane fuel, and improvements in generation of credits related to reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases.

Abstract: A process for isolating pure 1,3-butadiene from a crude C4 fraction, which produces pure 1,3-butadiene having a prescribed maximum content of at least one low boiler and a prescribed maximum content of 1,2-butadiene, in each case based on 1,3-butadiene, wherein (a) a low boiler fraction and a high boiler fraction are separated off by distillation from the crude C4 fraction, giving a purified C4 fraction whose content of the at least one low boiler, based on 1,3-butadiene, is equal to or lower than the prescribed maximum content of the at least one low boiler and whose content of 1,2-butadiene, based on 1,3-butadiene, is equal to or lower than the prescribed maximum content of 1,2-butadiene; (b) the purified C4 fraction is subjected to at least one extractive distillation using a selective solvent, giving at least a fraction comprising butanes and butenes and a pure 1,3-butadiene fraction, is described. The process makes a pure distillation column dispensable.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of converting a brominated hydrocarbon to a chlorinated hydrocarbon that involves contacting together the brominated hydrocarbon and a chlorinated ion exchange resin that has a water content of less than or equal to 30 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the chlorinated ion exchange resin and the water. The brominated hydrocarbon includes at least one replaceable bromo group, where each replaceable bromo group is independently covalently bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon. Contact between the brominated hydrocarbon and the chlorinated ion exchange resin results in replacement of at least one replaceable bromo group of the brominated hydrocarbon with a chloro group, and correspondingly conversion of at least a portion of the brominated hydrocarbon to the chlorinated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of: providing a fiber having propylene oxide adsorbed thereon; exposing the fiber to a gaseous sample; allowing the propylene oxide to react with any chlorine in the sample to form chloro-2-propanol. The method can be used to detect potassium chlorate.

Abstract: A process for selecting an inert material for use in monomer production regarding the formation of heavy by-products during the reaction of propylene to acrolein and acrylic acid.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for the manufacturing of a 3-5 halopropionylhalide, wherein the process comprises the steps of: a) providing a flow reactor comprising a reaction chamber; b) providing reactants comprising: i. acrylic acid; ii. a reaction co-agent selected from the group consisting of N,N-0 disubstituted amides; and iii. a halogenating agent; and c) incorporating the reactants into the reaction chamber of the flow reactor, thereby forming a reaction product stream comprising a 3-halopropionyl-halide; wherein the molar ratio of acrylic acid to the halogenating agent is 1 to at least 5 0.8; wherein the temperature of the reaction chamber of the flow reactor is greater than 60° C.; and wherein the residence time of the reaction product stream comprising the 3-halopropionylhalide in the reaction chamber of the flow reactor is greater than 10 minutes.

Abstract: A process for purification of a crude product stream recovered from the production of acrylic acid by an aldolisation reaction is disclosed. The product stream comprises acrylic acid, formaldehyde, water, non-condensable vapours and optionally heavy by-products. The process comprises: providing the crude product stream in the vapour phase to a first separation column operated at a temperature and pressure to form an intermediate overhead stream comprising water, formaldehyde and methanol; and passing said intermediate overhead stream to a formaldehyde separation column operated at a temperature and pressure to enable a stream having a higher formaldehyde concentration than the formaldehyde concentration in the intermediate overhead stream to be formed and recovered from at or near the bottom of the formaldehyde separation column as a formaldehyde enriched stream.

Abstract: A method of determining the inertness of a material regarding the formation of heavy by-products during the reaction of propylene to acrolein and acrylic acid.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing terephthalic acid includes following steps: providing a titrant receptor solution, the titrant receptor solution being water; adding disodium terephthalate aqueous solution and an acid titrant into the titrant receptor solution to form terephthalic acid crystals and an end-point solution, and separating the terephthalic acid crystals from the end-point solution.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for producing high-purity acrylic acid using azeotropic distillation and using water as an entrainer. This disclosure provides a process for separating acrylic acid from recovered feed streams which comprise acrylic acid and saturated organic acids including propionic acid. The resulting acrylic acid product is of sufficient purity to produce acrylate esters and high molecular weight acrylic acid polymers.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing muconic acid ester from aldaric acid ester, and for separating and purifying the produced muconic acid ester by high vacuum distillation in a total heating environment.

Abstract: The general inventive concepts are directed to the discovery that certain aryl acids can be esterified under particular conditions to provide the resulting ester as a solid that precipitates in good yield from the reaction mixture. The esters may then be isolated and purified with relative ease. Accordingly, a method for the esterification, isolation, and purification of aryl acids is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound, and method of inhibiting the activity of a Fatty Acid Binding Protein (FABP) comprising contacting the FABP with a compound, said compound having the structure: Formula (I).

Abstract: A process to convert the cyclic monourea of ethylene amine compounds (U-EA) into ethylene amine compound (EA) is provided. The process may include performing a reactive separation step using a reaction mixture containing the cyclic monourea, wherein one cyclic monourea (U-EA) reacts with another cyclic monourea (U-EA) to transfer its urea unit thereto. The process may further include separating the obtained ethylene amine compound (EA) without urea unit from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying polyaspartic acid ester compositions and to the provision of polyaspartic acid ester compositions that contain 0.01 to <2% by weight fumaric acid dialkyl esters.

Abstract: Methods of treating or suppressing mitochondrial diseases, such as Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactacidosis, and stroke (MELAS), Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS), are disclosed, as well as compounds useful in the methods of the invention, such as 4-(p-quinoly)-2-hydroxybutanamide derivatives. Methods and compounds useful in treating other disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and pervasive developmental disorders such as autism are also disclosed. Energy biomarkers useful in assessing the metabolic state of a subject and the efficacy of treatment are also disclosed. Methods of modulating, normalizing, or enhancing energy biomarkers, as well as compounds useful for such methods, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Crystalline polymorph forms of neurotrophic agent 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid 1-(2,4-Dimethylphenyl)-2-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide (J147), and process for producing the crystalline polymorphic form are provided.

Abstract: An isocyanate production method according to the present invention is a method in which an isocyanate is produced by subjecting a carbamate to thermal decomposition, and includes: a step of preparing a mixture liquid containing the carbamate, an inactive solvent and a polyisocyanate compound; a step of conducting a thermal decomposition reaction of the carbamate by continuously introducing the mixture liquid into a thermal decomposition reactor; a step of collecting a low-boiling decomposition product by continuously extracting the low-boiling decomposition product in a gaseous state from the reactor, the low-boiling decomposition product having a boiling point lower than the polyisocyanate compound; and a step of collecting a high-boiling component by continuously extracting, from the reactor, a liquid phase component which is not collected in a gaseous state at the step of collecting the low-boiling decomposition product.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to find a novel pharmaceutical that has an excellent tryptophanase inhibitory effect, and suppresses worsening of renal function to preserve the kidney by reducing production of indoxyl sulfate in the blood. The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition containing, as an active ingredient, a compound represented by the following formula, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof: wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different, and represent a C1-C6 alkyl group or the like, and Ar represents an optionally substituted phenyl group or an optionally substituted thienyl group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a viscometric properties improver capable of improving the fuel efficiency of an internal combustion engine, and an additive composition for a liquid coolant containing the viscometric properties improver. [1] A viscometric properties improver consisting of a compound (A) represented by the following formula (1) and a compound (B) represented by the following formula (2), and [2] an additive composition for a liquid coolant containing the same: R1OR2OmSO3M??(1) R3O—SO3M??(2) wherein R1 and R3 are the same as or different from each other and each represent a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 12 or more and 24 or less carbon atoms; R2 represents an ethylene group or a propylene group; m represents an addition molar number of R2O of 1 or more and 15 or less; and M represents a cation or a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fracturation fluid comprising at least one propping agent and at least one water-soluble (co)polymer prepared from the hydrated crystalline form of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid and/or at least one of its salts. The invention relates to a process to prepare said fluid, and to a hydraulic fracturation process using said fluid.

Abstract: The application relates to phenyl- or naphthylsulfonamide derivatives of the structural formula (I). The compounds are described as inhibitors of USP30 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 30) useful for the treatment of conditions involving mitochondrial defects including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's or a neoplastic disease such as leukemia.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound having the structure of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 are as described herein. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) and to a process for the synthesis of a polymer using the compound of formula (I) through controlled free radical polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention pertains generally to the field of chemical synthesis, and more particularly to methods for the chemical synthesis of a thiosulfonic acid of Formula (1) by a step of periodate mediated oxidative coupling of a thiosulfonic acid of Formula (2) with an aniline of Formula (3), as described herein. The present invention also relates to such methods which incorporate one or more additional (subsequent and/or preceding) steps, for example, to prepare compounds of Formula (5) from compounds of Formula (1); to prepare compounds of Formula (6) from compounds of Formula (5); and to prepare compounds of Formula (2) from compounds of Formula (4), as described herein.

Abstract: A resist composition comprising a base polymer and a sulfonium or iodonium salt capable of generating a brominated benzene-containing sulfonic acid offers a high sensitivity, minimal LWR and improved CDU independent of whether it is of positive or negative tone.

Abstract: Simple organic structures, organic/inorganic polymers, and other substrates have been made, all of which have at least one pyrrolidone moiety present, and found to exhibit low toxicity, low complement activation features and may be used to reduce protein interactions with drug conjugates while enhancing in vivo residency times for these conjugates when used as an injectable composition; thus these compounds can be used as substitutes for PEG in PEGylation. Surprisingly, these compounds also exhibit unique intrinsic fluorescence (IF) or non-traditional fluorescence (NTF) properties that currently cannot be explained by traditional photochemistry and fluorescence paradigms are described.

Abstract: There are described ROR? modulators of the formula (I), and formula (II) or stereoisomers, tautomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or prodrugs thereof, wherein all substituents are defined herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same. Such compounds and compositions are useful in methods for modulating ROR? activity in a cell and methods for treating a subject suffering from a disease or disorder in which the subject would therapeutically benefit from modulation of ROR? activity, for example, autoimmune and/or inflammatory disorders.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a heterocyclic compound having an IP6K inhibitory action and expected to be useful as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for—diseases such as cardiac failure, diabetes and the like. A compound represented by the formula (I): wherein each symbol is as defined in the SPECIFICATION, or a salt thereof has an IP6K inhibitory action and is expected to be useful as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diseases such as cardiac failure, diabetes and the like.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: The compounds, compositions, methods and kits of the invention are useful for the treatment of pain, itch, and neurogenic inflammation.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to treat diseases or disorders associated with HDAC1 and/or HDAC2 activity.

Abstract: Provided are compounds of Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and methods for their use and production.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel and advantageous process for commercially preparing of 2-cyanoimidazole compounds. More particularly, it relates to an efficient method of preparation of cyazofamid synthetic precursor by simultaneous conversion of aldoxime group to the corresponding cyano-derivative and reducing of N-oxygenated-imidazole ring to imidazole under mild conditions using reducing agent selected from the group consisting of metal salts of sulfur-containing derivatives in the presence of a polar organic solvent.

Abstract: Novel compounds are disclosed along with methods of inhibiting the TGF? pathway and methods of treating Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) using such compounds.

Abstract: This invention relates to pyrimidine prodrug derivatives, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions, and their use in therapy.

Abstract: Inhibitor compounds and agents of Cathepsin C, CELA1, CELA3A and/or structurally related molecules thereto, compositions comprising same and uses thereof in the inhibition and/or prevention of cell and/or tissue necrosis are described. The compounds include thiazoles of Formula II, where G1 is an optionally substituted pyrrolidine, an optionally substituted pyridine, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted piperidine, an optionally substituted piperazine, an optionally substituted imidazolidine, or an optionally substituted pyrazolidine. G3 is or G3 is an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted aryl or an optionally cyloalkyl. G2 is an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted cyloalkyl or an optionally substituted heterocycle. Various applications for the described compounds, and combination therapies are described as well.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel ascochlorin derivative which activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and is useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions that involve AMPK dysregulation. The present invention provides a compound presented by formula I, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for preparation of alkylated, fluoro alkylated, chloro alkylated and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by a heterogeneous Co-catalysed alkylation or fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with alkyl halides, fluoro alkyl halides, chloro alkyl halides or fluorochloro alkyl halides respectively.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a compound of general Formula (I) having c-abl kinase inhibitory activity or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound, and a method useful to treat or prevent neurodegenerative diseases using the compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for producing a 2-hydrazinobenzothiazole derivative. The present invention also provides a method for producing a compound by using the 2-hydrazinobenzothiazole derivative obtained by the production method, and a composition that contains the compound. The present invention also provides a polymerizable composition that is useful in producing film-shaped polymers and contains the compound obtained by the production method. The invention of the present application provides a method for producing a compound represented by general formula (I-C), the method including a step of reacting a compound represented by general formula (I-B) with a compound represented by general formula (I-A) in the presence of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of metal amides, metal hydrides, metal alkoxides, and organic alkali metals. A compound derived from the compound produced by the production method, and a composition that contains the compound are also provided.

Abstract: Methods for producing compounds useful in reactions to produce oxathiazin-like compounds are disclosed including a process of adding sodium 2-bromoethanesulfonate to a solution of benzyl alcohol and sodium benzyloxide to for mixture, boiling the mixture to reflux four times, concentrating under vacuum until dry, boiling with ethyl alcohol, filtering the ethyl alcohol, and concentrating to dryness to obtain solid sodium 2-benzyletherethanesulfonate.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly process for the production of chemical target compounds from cellulosic material. In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to a system for conducting the process according to the inventive process.

Abstract: Methods of preparing, and solid forms of N-(1-((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)amino)-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-4-(4-(2-methyl-5-((2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(methylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)benzyl)phenyl)butanamide, and salts, solvates and cocrystals thereof, are disclosed.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the structural formula (I), and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are agonists of G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and may be useful in the treatment, prevention and suppression of diseases mediated by the G-protein-coupled receptor 40. The compounds of the present invention may be useful in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and of conditions that are often associated with this disease, including obesity and lipid disorders, such as mixed or diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.

Abstract: Cannabinoids can be separated or extracted from plant material. Versions can include a process for separating trichomes from plant material, including mixing plant material with a fluid in a metered feed system and forming a slurry; pumping the slurry into a turbulent processor, agitating the slurry between rotating and static teeth and shearing trichomes from the plant material to form a mixture of fluid, trichomes and plant material; coarse filtering the mixture and removing portions of the plant material to form an interim mixture; and then second filtering the interim mixture and removing other plant material and some trichomes to form a resulting mixture comprising other trichomes and fluid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and device to isolate compounds from plant material using vibrational pulsing, vibrational decanting, vibrational sieving and vibrational rinsing. A susceptible liquid is generated by vibrational agitation, decanted when in a vibrating container and then collected by passing over a series of vibrating screens and then rinsed with water while collected on the vibrating screens and the residue collected. The isolated compound can either be collected in the decant or retained on the screens. In an embodiment of the invention, the vibrational rinsing step reduces unwanted impurities isolated.

Abstract: Compounds are provided that are useful in treating cancer and neurodegeneration. The compounds comprise a ?-lapachone or ?-lapachone derivative tricyclic ortho-naphthoguinone moiety linked to a mitochondria-targeting moiety, for example as defined with respect to Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions are provided comprising the composition. Methods of treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders also are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are of the protected photoinitiators of the formula: wherein Aryl1 is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring; Aryl2 is an aromatic ring; each R1 is an alkyl, an aryl, an electron donating group or an electron withdrawing group, and subscript a is 0 to 3; each R2 is an alkyl, an aryl, an electron donating group or an electron withdrawing group, and subscript b is 0 to 3; Prot is a protected carbonyl group.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes biaryl triazole compounds, as well as their compositions and methods of use. The compounds inhibit the activity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and are useful for the treatment of diseases, e.g., inflammatory diseases and cancer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which inhibit the Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK-1), which associated with autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory diseases, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject suffering from ASK-1 related disease. The invention also relates to methods of treating an ASK-1 related disease in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention. The present invention specifically relates to methods of treating ASK-1 associated with hepatic steatosis, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcohol steatohepatitis disease (NASH).