Abstract: A rice cultivar designated CLL15 is disclosed herein. The present invention provides seeds, plants, and plant parts derived from rice cultivar CLL15. Further, it provides methods for producing a rice plant by crossing CLL15 with itself or another rice variety and methods for combating undesired vegetation by contacting the disclosed rice seeds with an AHAS-inhibiting herbicide. The invention also encompasses any rice seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by the methods disclosed herein, including those in which additional traits have been transferred into CLL15 through the introduction of a transgene or by breeding CLL15 with another rice cultivar.

Abstract: A rice cultivar designated CLM04 is disclosed herein. The present invention provides seeds, plants, and plant parts derived from rice cultivar CLM04. Further, it provides methods for producing a rice plant by crossing CLM04 with itself or another rice variety and methods for combating undesired vegetation by contacting the disclosed rice seeds with an AHAS-inhibiting herbicide. The invention also encompasses any rice seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by the methods disclosed herein, including those in which additional traits have been transferred into CLM04 through the introduction of a transgene or by breeding CLM04 with another rice cultivar.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 2562880 is disclosed. Embodiments include the seeds of soybean 2562880, the plants of soybean 2562880, to plant parts of soybean 2562880, and methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing soybean 2562880 with itself or with another soybean variety. Embodiments include methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more genes or transgenes and the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. Embodiments also relate to soybean cultivars, breeding cultivars, plant parts, and cells derived from soybean 2562880, methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from soybean 2562880, and the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. Embodiments further include hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing 2562880 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 1795876 is disclosed. Embodiments include the seeds of soybean 1795876, the plants of soybean 1795876, to plant parts of soybean 1795876, and methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing soybean 1795876 with itself or with another soybean variety. Embodiments include methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more genes or transgenes and the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. Embodiments also relate to soybean cultivars, breeding cultivars, plant parts, and cells derived from soybean 1795876, methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from soybean 1795876, and the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. Embodiments further include hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing 1795876 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 1361091 is disclosed. Embodiments include the seeds of soybean 1361091, the plants of soybean 1361091, to plant parts of soybean 1361091, and methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing soybean 1361091 with itself or with another soybean variety. Embodiments include methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more genes or transgenes and the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. Embodiments also relate to soybean cultivars, breeding cultivars, plant parts, and cells derived from soybean 1361091, methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from soybean 1361091, and the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. Embodiments further include hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing 1361091 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 2040172 is disclosed. Embodiments include the seeds of soybean 2040172, the plants of soybean 2040172, to plant parts of soybean 2040172, and methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing soybean 2040172 with itself or with another soybean variety. Embodiments include methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more genes or transgenes and the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. Embodiments also relate to soybean cultivars, breeding cultivars, plant parts, and cells derived from soybean 2040172, methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from soybean 2040172, and the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. Embodiments further include hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing 2040172 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 2529392 is disclosed. Embodiments include the seeds of soybean 2529392, the plants of soybean 2529392, to plant parts of soybean 2529392, and methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing soybean 2529392 with itself or with another soybean variety. Embodiments include methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more genes or transgenes and the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. Embodiments also relate to soybean cultivars, breeding cultivars, plant parts, and cells derived from soybean 2529392, methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from soybean 2529392, and the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. Embodiments further include hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing 2529392 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 2199880 is disclosed. Embodiments include the seeds of soybean 2199880, the plants of soybean 2199880, to plant parts of soybean 2199880, and methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing soybean 2199880 with itself or with another soybean variety. Embodiments include methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more genes or transgenes and the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. Embodiments also relate to soybean cultivars, breeding cultivars, plant parts, and cells derived from soybean 2199880, methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from soybean 2199880, and the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. Embodiments further include hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing 2199880 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 2156035 is disclosed. Embodiments include the seeds of soybean 2156035, the plants of soybean 2156035, to plant parts of soybean 2156035, and methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing soybean 2156035 with itself or with another soybean variety. Embodiments include methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more genes or transgenes and the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. Embodiments also relate to soybean cultivars, breeding cultivars, plant parts, and cells derived from soybean 2156035, methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from soybean 2156035, and the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. Embodiments further include hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing 2156035 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 1580769 is disclosed. Embodiments include the seeds of soybean 1580769, the plants of soybean 1580769, to plant parts of soybean 1580769, and methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing soybean 1580769 with itself or with another soybean variety. Embodiments include methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more genes or transgenes and the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. Embodiments also relate to soybean cultivars, breeding cultivars, plant parts, and cells derived from soybean 1580769, methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from soybean 1580769, and the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. Embodiments further include hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing 1580769 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 1580903 is disclosed. Embodiments include the seeds of soybean 1580903, the plants of soybean 1580903, to plant parts of soybean 1580903, and methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing soybean 1580903 with itself or with another soybean variety. Embodiments include methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more genes or transgenes and the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. Embodiments also relate to soybean cultivars, breeding cultivars, plant parts, and cells derived from soybean 1580903, methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines or plant parts derived from soybean 1580903, and the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. Embodiments further include hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing 1580903 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: The invention relates to the soybean variety designated 01077393. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety 01077393. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety 01077393 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety 01077393 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to the soybean variety designated 01077390. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety 01077390. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety 01077390 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety 01077390 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to the soybean variety designated 01077391. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety 01077391. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety 01077391 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety 01077391 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to the soybean variety designated 01077330. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety 01077330. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety 01077330 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety 01077330 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to the soybean variety designated 01077335. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety 01077335. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety 01077335 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety 01077335 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to the soybean variety designated 01077336. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety 01077336. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety 01077336 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety 01077336 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Abstract: Described herein is an acerola cherry (Malpighia emarginata DC.) variety designated Nutrilite Acerola Super C, plants thereof, seed thereof, hybrids thereof, products thereof, and cultivars derived therefrom. The Nutrilite Acerola Super C variety has greater fruit yield, greater fruit mass, greater productivity, greater amounts of vitamin C, greater amounts of polyphenols, greater amounts of antioxidants, improved fruit firmness, and greater juice yields, among other desirable phenotypic or genotypic characteristics, as compared to other varieties of acerola plants or wild-type acerola.

Abstract: The invention provides seeds and plants of tomato line FDR9Q14-0279. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds, plant parts, and tissue cultures of tomato line FDR9Q14-0279 and to methods for producing a tomato plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another plant, such as a tomato plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to plants, seeds, plant parts, and tissue cultures of tomato line FDR9Q14-0279 comprising introduced beneficial or desirable traits.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a hybrid tomato variety NUN 09272 TOF as well as seeds and plants and fruits thereof. NUN 09272 TOF is a cocktail tomato variety for the fresh market comprising resistance to Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV) Strain 0, Strain 1, Strain 2, and Strain 1-2, Verticillium sp., Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 0 and Race 1, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici, Fulvia fulva Groups A-E, and Oidium lypersicum.

Abstract: A new and distinct tomato variety NUN 00310 TOP is disclosed as well as seeds and plants and fruits thereof. NUN 00310 TOP is a processing tomato variety, comprising high resistance to Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 0, Race 1, and Race 2, and Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, and intermediate resistance to Meloidogyne incognita.

Abstract: A new and distinct tomato variety NUN 00311 TOP is disclosed as well as seeds and plants and fruits thereof. NUN 00311 TOP is processing tomato variety, comprising high resistance to Verticillium dahliae, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 0, Race 1, and Race 2, and Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, and resistance to Meloidogyne incognita.

Abstract: A new and distinct tomato variety NUN 00309 TOP is disclosed as well as seeds and plants and fruits thereof. NUN 00309 TOP is a processing tomato variety, comprising high resistance to Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 0, Race 1, and Race 2, and Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, and intermediate resistance to Meloidogyne incognita.

Abstract: This disclosure describes compositions and methods for delivering nutrients (e.g., nitrogen) to plants.

Abstract: A milking system includes a milking device for milking a milking from a dairy animal. The system is provided with a control unit for the milking system, milking cups, a first milk jar for receiving the milking, a first pumping device for pumping the milking from the first milk jar to a first milk pipe, a second milk jar in flow communication with the first milk pipe for receiving the milking from the first milk jar, and a second pumping device for pumping the milking from the second milk jar into a second milk pipe. The first pumping device is configured to pump the milking at a first flow rate and the second pumping device is configured to pump the milking at a second flow rate, which is lower than the first flow rate. The milking system also includes a heat-exchanging system in flow communication with the second milk pipe.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for detecting motion between two subassemblies, for example in or near a litter box. A first subassembly includes a first frame adapted for supporting a receptacle. A second subassembly includes a second frame adapted for resting on a steady surface. Connecting members connect the subassemblies such that relative movement between them can occur. At least a first position indicating member is attached to one the subassemblies and at least a first detector is attached to the other of the subassemblies. The detector is positioned proximate the first position indicating member so that changes in relative position are detected. Preferably, the device includes a second position indicating member and a second detector for detecting more precise changes in relative position. It is also preferred for each position indicating member to include a patterned marker.

Abstract: A method for preparing an ammonia abatement additive for poultry litter that is formulated to assure activation in an interior environment having various relative humidity conditions. The method includes obtaining a blended litter amendment composition that, based on weight, is about 40% deliquescent salt and about 60% aluminum sulfate, relative to a total weight of the two components. The composition can be made by the user or received, already blended, from a third party. To this blended composition that has been obtained, additional deliquescent salt is added in an amount such that the total amount of deliquescent salt is effective to activate the alum-containing ammonia abatement additive at the targeted low relative humidity condition in the interior of a poultry house. The composition is a sub-component of the ammonia abatement additive which may or may not contain additional compounds. The specified relative proportions (i.e.

Abstract: A modular frame expandable to form a pet's cage comprises a plurality of modules each of which comprises a substantially quadrangular vertical wall, said modules being arranged adjacently to each other to define the outer shape of the cage, and wherein each vertical edge of each module comprises connecting elements adapted to allow the connection and retention of each vertical wall of a module to a vertical wall of another adjacent module. The modular frame is expandable on a horizontal plane according to a predetermined configuration to form a pet's cage having predetermined shape and dimensions.

Abstract: A modular frame expandable to form a pet's cage comprises a plurality of modules (20) each of which consists of a substantially quadrangular vertical wall, said modules being arranged adjacently to each other to define the outer shape of the cage, and wherein each vertical edge of each module comprises connecting elements adapted to allow the connection and retention of each vertical wall of a module to a vertical wall of another adjacent module. The modular frame is expandable on a horizontal plane according to a predetermined configuration to form a pet's cage having predetermined shape and dimensions.

Abstract: A system for providing nourishment to pets is provided. The system includes a base component and an electrically operated platform including a scale configured to move along one or more vertical shafts which brings one or more reservoirs positioned on the platform to various levels of height. The system further includes an affixed mount configured to retain a computing device which controls components of the system, particularly the movement of the platform along the one or more vertical shafts and the taking and storage of weight data of the nourishment.

Abstract: An automatic self-cleaning and self-filling outdoor fluid feeding system for an animal, including for example a pet, includes a sink; a fluid transport system; a housing supporting the sink and containing the fluid transport system; and a control assembly configured to control the automatic self-cleaning and self-filling operations of the system.

Abstract: An apparatus (200) for controlling an animal or animal positions by applying one or more form of stimulus is disclosed. The apparatus (200) comprises at least one position sensing device (240) that is configured to detect at least one position of at least part of the animal as at least one position value. At least one controller (210) is operatively connected to at least one position sensing device (140). The controller (210) is programmed to read and compare the at least one position value with at least one predetermined value relating to the at least one position for determining if at least one control action is required. The control action relates to transmitting of at least one control signal to the stimulus device (250) to administer at least one form of stimulus to the animal that is able to be sensed by the animal.

Abstract: The invention is a plush and fabric animal shaped toy with sections of rope that extend out from the body of the toy and are connected via surgical tubing inside the plush toy that pull apart two layers of hook and loop material causing a ripping sound similar to that of Velcro®. When the rope is released the hook and loop halves are reconnected and ready for the animal to pull again. The plush animal has embroidered face detail and squeakers and cellophane material located in the head or limbs of the toy adding additional noises to emit from the toy when a pet is playing with it.

Abstract: The use of adjustable arms or flaps combined with hook and loop fasteners connect to toys or treat dispensers in different positions to create varying levels of play for all dog types and ages. Adjusting arm connections allows to create different difficulty levels keeps dogs entertained physically and mentally. The adjustable arms create adjustable connections that create new forms of play for varying dog sizes, strengths, and ages.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an animal waste collection wearable. The wearable includes a harness member for mounting to a body of an animal. The harness member covers a hind end of the animal while exposing a tail and an anal area of the animal through an opening. The harness member includes a plurality of leg strap members configured to wrap around hind legs of the animal and releasably engage with a fastening means for mounting the harness member to the body of the animal. A first hook member and a second hook member configured on a left arm and a right arm of the opening, respectively and are adapted for securing a waste collection bag to the harness member. The waste collection bag removably mounted to the harness member conceals the opening and ensures complete entrapment of the anal area for collecting excrement of the animal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a releasable catch, such as for releasable attachment to a dog collar or the like. In particular, the present invention provides a releasable catch comprising a body having a first elongate portion and a second elongate portion, the first and second elongate portions being engaged with one another at a pivot region and pivotable relative to one another about the pivot region between an open configuration in which the second elongate portion contacts the first elongate portion at a first contact location to define a first closed aperture adjacent the pivot region and a second open aperture distal to the pivot region, and a closed configuration in which the second elongate portion also engages the first elongate portion at a second contact location along its length and close the second aperture distal to the pivot region, and wherein the second elongate member is biased in a direction towards the second contact location so as to bias the catch in the closed configuration.

Abstract: Methods to conserve a sensor's power include training a model to predict a condition of an animal with a training data set, wherein the training data set comprises known outcomes associated with behavioral data and health data for a plurality of animals; sensing, with a sensor worn by a monitored animal, behavioral data and health data of the monitored animal; inputting the behavioral data and health data of the monitored animal into the model; predicting a condition of the monitored animal with the model based on the inputted behavioral data and health data; and configuring a parameter of the sensor associated with the monitored animal based on the predicted condition.

Abstract: A poultry-farming battery cage farming has at least two horizontal cage rows, formed with cage enclosures, arranged alongside one another, that are formed with double cages made up of cages that back on to one another. Under each row extends a droppings receptacle, over which air-fanning flaps are longitudinally spaced apart, each air-fanning flap having an upper force-transmission part and a lower fan part mounted on a transverse axis arranged near an upper air-fanning-flap end. The two cages of each double cage have cage bottoms extending away from one another transversely and are separated from one another by a common vertical longitudinal rear wall arranged at a vertical spacing above the upper air-flap end. The fan part of the air-fanning flap is arranged under the associated cage bottoms. The air-fanning-flap end is arranged in a double-cage area, from which the cage bottoms extend away from one another transversely.

Abstract: A lifting device for the manual lifting of bird feeder covers and holding them in a temporary position above the main body of the bird feeder device while the bird feeder is refilled or cleaned manually.

Abstract: The invention relates to beekeeping. The claimed beehive comprises a hive body (1) having side walls (2, 3), a front wall (4), a rear wall (5), a bottom (6), and internally mounted trapezoidal frames (7); a cover (8) having a ceiling (9); and at least one bee entrance (14) having a flight board (15), said bee entrance being arranged in the wall of the hive body (1).

Abstract: A pen system is for farming aquatic organisms. The pen system has an outer surrounding rigid structure and an internal, closed enclosure. The outer surrounding rigid structure forms an upper portion and a lower portion. The pen system further has: an internal surrounding connecting element, the closed enclosure being attached to the connecting element; and a heave-compensation system having a plurality of fluid-filled cylinders, each fluid-filled cylinder being hingedly attached, in a first end portion, to the connecting element, and being hingedly attached, in a second end portion, to the inside of the rigid structure.

Abstract: An artificial reef structure including thin tensile members as part of the structure. These tensile members readily accumulate marine life to create a more organic structure. The reef structure can accommodate a wide variety of ocean sensing and communication systems. Embedded lighting and electronic elements can be used to attract and monitor marine life.

Abstract: The subject invention provides microbe-based products, as well as their use, for enhancing aquaculture. In particular, the subject invention provides materials and methods for producing healthy and high quality farmed fish by applying yeast and/or bio surfactant-based compositions to a fish farm. In one embodiment, the subject invention improves the environment in which the fish are farmed. In another embodiment, the subject invention provides a highly nutritious fish feed, as well as methods of feeding fish at low cost.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for generating F0 fertile XY female animals. The methods and compositions involve making XY pluripotent or totipotent animal cells, in vitro cell cultures, or embryos that are capable of producing a fertile female XY animal in an F0 generation. Such cells, embryos, and animals can be made by silencing a region of the Y chromosome. Optionally, the cells can also be cultured in feminizing medium such as a low-osmolality medium and/or can be modified to decrease the level and/or activity of an Sry protein. Methods and compositions are also provided for silencing a region of the Y chromosome in an XY pluripotent or totipotent animal cell, or in vitro cell cultures, embryos, or animals derived therefrom, by maintaining an XY pluripotent or totipotent animal cell in a feminizing medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for transfecting cells. In particular, the present invention relates to methods of transfecting primordial germ cells in avians, and to methods of breeding avians with modified traits.

Abstract: Non-human animals and offspring thereof comprising at least one modified chromosomal sequence in a gene encoding a CD163 protein are provided. Animal cells that contain such modified chromosomal sequences are also provided. The animals and cells have increased resistance to pathogens, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The animals and offspring have chromosomal modifications of a CD163 gene. The invention further relates to methods of breeding to create pathogen-resistant animals and populations of animals made using such methods.

Abstract: Genetically modified mice comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a human M-CSF protein are provided. Also provided are genetically modified mice comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a human M-CSF protein that have been engrafted with human cells such as human hematopoietic cells, and methods for making such engrafted mice. These mice find use in a number of applications, such as in modeling human immune disease and pathogen infection; in in vivo screens for agents that modulate hematopoietic cell development and/or activity, e.g. in a healthy or a diseased state; in in vivo screens for agents that are toxic to hematopoietic cells; in in vivo screens for agents that prevent against, mitigate, or reverse the toxic effects of toxic agents on hematopoietic cells; in in vivo screens of human hematopoietic cells from an individual to predict the responsiveness of an individual to a disease therapy, etc.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to improved methods of cyto-plasmic incompatibility-based transgenics for pest or vector control. Further disclosed are improved gene drivers for use in genetically modified arthropods and use in methods for controlling and/or reducing arthropod populations.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a novel fishing tackle rig generally consisting of an open-eye formed by double “U” bends on the shaft of a hook or other tackle, a hook-shield which threads onto a fishing line with a hollow rear section to slide over the open-eye, a solid front section to provide structure, and a pin extending perpendicular to secure the hook-shield to the bait, and a cone shaped bait protecting device where the narrow end threads onto the fishing line and the wide end fits over the bait and other components of fishing tackle holding everything together. In an alternative embodiment, the hook-shield is replaced by integrating onto the shaft of the hook or other tackle a closing mechanism that slides along the shaft from an open position to a closed position that completes the open-eye.

Abstract: A leader straightener having a first component disposed about a fishing rod. The first component has a coefficient of friction sufficient to straighten a leader when the leader is pulled through and away from the first component at an angle.