Abstract: Biaxially oriented tubular blown film stretching machine by isostatic pressurized water is a simultaneous biaxial stretching process, invented to stretch a high crystalline tubular blown film substrate with heterophasic structure to form a microporous film substrate, especially for microporous polypropylene film. The system comprises sequential sets of variable speed nip rolls, a temperature control water tank, and a water pump unit. The sequential sets of variable speed nip rolls used to stretch the tubular blown film substrate in machine direction, while hot water is pumped and confined inside the tubular blown film substrate creating an isostatic pressure in bubble, lead to an orientation stretching in transverse direction.

Abstract: A method for embossing a polymeric sheet with rounded embossments includes a step of providing an embossing system including a platen component and a press component. The press component includes a pressing plate and a plurality of embossing protrusions extending from the pressing plate. The plurality of embossing protrusions are arranged in a predetermined pattern. Advantageously, each embossing protrusion has curved sidewalls with only rounded edges if present. A polymeric sheet is placed on the platen component. The polymeric sheet is contacted with the press component at a sufficient temperature to form embossments on the polymeric sheet.

Abstract: The present invention provides an online laser leveling detection method of a 3D printer. The method comprises: (1), arranging a bar-shaped triangular reflecting prism and a bar-shaped photoelectric receiver; (2), fixedly mounting a laser emitter and a plane mirror on the side face of a printer head; (3), with the aid of a detection laser beam, fine tuning the mounting azimuths of an X-axis guide rail, a Y-axis guide rail, and the printer head till the motion levelness of the printer head is adjusted to meet requirements of the design accuracy of the printer; (4), with the aid of the detection laser beam, fine tuning the mounting azimuth of a printing platform till the mounting levelness of the printing platform is adjusted to meet the requirements of the design accuracy of the printer; (5), starting the 3D printing program; (6), in the printing process, detecting in real time whether a nozzle of the printer head generates faults including material blockage, shortage, and breakage.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing technique includes depositing, via a filament delivery device, a filament onto a surface of a substrate. The filament includes a binder and a high entropy alloy powder. The technique also includes sacrificing the binder to form a preform and sintering the preform to form a component.

Abstract: In general, techniques are described for a patterned filament for fused filament fabrication. An additive manufacturing system may include a substrate defining a major surface, a filament delivery device, and a computing device. The computing device may be configured to control the filament delivery device to deposit a filament on the substrate, the filament including a primary material and a first binder, where the primary material distributed in a pattern having a first cross sectional geometry that differs from a second cross sectional geometry of the filament, and the binder is configured to be substantially removed from the filament.

Abstract: An additively manufactured component that includes a tool with a region having a plurality of overlying metal layers each derived from a metal powder filament. The region has a predetermined yield point selected based on an operation to be performed with the tool.

Abstract: A method may include fused filament fabricating a fused filament fabricated component by delivering a softened filament to selected locations at or adjacent to a build surface. The softened filament may include a binder and a primary material. The binder is configured to release a secondary material upon heating at or above a conversion temperature. The method also may include heating the fused filament fabricated component to a temperature at or above the conversion temperature to sinter the primary material to form a sintered part and cause the binder to release the secondary material within the sintered part.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to printing apparatus and manufacturing techniques for the manufacture and fabrication of pressure suits and space suits. The disclosure also relates to space suit components formed from additive polymer, and components including one or more layers of a mesh fabric with an applied layer of an additive polymer. One method includes providing an apparatus comprised of a six-degree of freedom motion manipulator with the motion manipulator attached to one or more printing extruder heads. Additive polymers may be extruded via the one or more printing extruder heads to form 3D printed space suit components.

Abstract: A method may include fused filament fabricating a fused filament fabricated component by delivering a softened filament to selected locations at or adjacent to a build surface. The softened filament may include a sacrificial binder and a powder including a shape memory alloy (SMA). The method also may include removing substantially all the sacrificial binder from the fused filament fabricated component to leave an unsintered component; and sintering the unsintered component to join particles of the SMA and form an SMA component.

Abstract: A method for the lithography-based additive manufacture of three-dimensional molded bodies, in which a build platform is positioned at a distance from a material support, which is permeable to the radiation of a radiation source at least in some areas, for a material solidifiable by exposure to said radiation, wherein the material support is translationally moved between a first position and a second position, characterized in that material is applied with a defined layer thickness during the movement of the material support from the first position to the second position, after this the applied material, between the build platform and the material support, is location- and/or time-selectively irradiated by the radiation source and solidified, and subsequently material is removed from the material support during the movement of the material support from the second position to the first position.

Abstract: To provide a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object in which a three-dimensional shaped object is manufactured by discharging a shaping material from a discharge unit toward a stage to stack a layer, the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object includes: a first step of generating path data having a plurality of partial paths through which the discharge unit moves while discharging the shaping material; a second step of determining a line width of the shaping material in each of the partial paths and generating line width information for implementing the line width; a third step of generating shaping data including the path data and the line width information; and a fourth step of shaping the three-dimensional shaped object according to the shaping data. In the second step, the line width in a target path that is one of the partial paths is determined in accordance with a distance between a first wall and a second wall separated by the target path.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for fabricating high-resolution thin-layer metal patterns and 3D Metal structures are provided. The methods and apparatus operate via photo-(stereo)lithography at room temperature. The printed metal patterns, for example silver patterns, exhibit high electrical conductivity, comparable to or better than the conductivity of the silver printed by current laser sintering or thermal annealing at high temperature.

Abstract: A three-dimensional printing system includes a resin vessel, a support plate, a light engine, a build tray, motorized support, and a controller. The resin vessel includes a vessel body defining a central opening and a transparent sheet that closes the central opening. The transparent sheet is at least partially formed from a cast polypropylene (CPP). The support plate is for supporting the resin vessel and includes a rigid transparent central portion for supporting the transparent sheet. The light engine is configured to project pixelated light to a build plane within the resin. The build tray defines a support surface for supporting the three-dimensional article to be at least partially submerged in the resin. The motorized support is configured to align and adjust a vertical position of the build tray. The controller is for controlling the light engine and the motorized support for fabricating the three-dimensional article.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing system has a light permeable base, a build carrier for holding a workpiece and a light source which is arranged to emit light through the light permeable base. The light permeable base and the build carrier are positionable relative to each other in a build dimension in which the workpiece is built up. The system further has a resin vat in which the light permeable base forms a wall portion thereof. The system further comprises a plurality of resin supplies for supplying different light hardenable resins in direct contact with each other in said vat. The system facilitates the rapid manufacturing of a dental restoration having a color gradation.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of forming a three-dimensional build object on a substrate (204) include directing an energy beam (202) onto the substrate (204) to form a melt pool (308), wherein the energy beam (202) traverses the substrate (204) in a process direction (322) at a process speed, depositing additive material into the melt pool (308), and measuring energy emitted by the melt pool (308). A thermal signature of the melt pool (308) is determined based on the measured energy. The method further includes identifying a liquidus region (332) of the melt pool (308), a solidus region (334) surrounding the melt pool (308), and a transitional region (336) of the melt pool (308) based on the thermal signature.

Abstract: A three-dimensional printing system includes a print engine and a controller. The controller in turn includes a processor coupled to a non-transient memory. The non- transient memory stores software instructions that when executed by the processor cause the controller to operate the print engine to fabricate a body. The body includes a three-dimensional arrangement of 3D articles that are pairwise coupled together. An individual pair of the arrangement of 3D articles includes a first article and a second article. A curved body couples a first surface of the first article to the second article. The curved body intersects the first surface to define a closed intersection curve that bounds a break surface. Along the closed intersection curve a surface of the curved body subtends an acute angle with the first surface.

Abstract: A device for depositing a material layer on a surface of a workpiece has a deposition facility with a hollow shoulder that is rotatable about an axis relative to a base. The shoulder has an indentation that is limited by a circumferential annular face. A passage opening, which is smaller in diameter than the indentation, is formed in the shoulder along the axis. The shoulder is rotated and a deposition material is fed through the passage opening into the indentation where it is plasticized in the indentation. The deposition facility is moved over the surface in such a way that the indentation points towards the surface and a workpiece plane runs tangentially to the surface at the point at which the axis intersects the surface. The annular face is distanced from the surface such that plasticized deposition material is deposited on the surface. A related deposition method is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a system and reservoir assembly for three-dimensional (3D) printing. The reservoir assembly includes a top frame that may be filled with liquid material, and a tensioned film being held underneath the top frame. The tensioned film may be air permeable and flexible, wherein surfaces of the tensioned film may be micro textured. A bottom frame is coupled to the top frame and secures a transparent or semi-transparent rigid substrate. A permeable substrate is sandwiched between the tensioned film secured to the top frame and the transparent or semi-transparent rigid substrate secured to the bottom frame.

Abstract: Methods of determining at least one parameter of an irradiation device of an apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects may include generating an energy beam and guiding the energy beam across a structured test surface, generating a signal by detecting radiation that is emitted from the test surface, and determining the at least one parameter based on a frequency spectrum of the signal.

Abstract: The disclosed invention resolves the problem of manufacturing three-dimensional objects by stacking two-dimensional layers of material in the third direction z. Described are a machine and a method for additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects in which a predetermined final object is fabricated using the steps of the printing process (100) of individual curved three-dimensional print volumes (1, 2, 3 . . . Z) in a sequence (51). Powdered material (102) is melted in a melting volume (280) which is inside an intersection volume (28) and in which the energy exerted by at least two particle clusters (160,170) emitted from at least two spatially positioned sources (11, 12) of particles with mass adds up and exceeds the threshold required for melting of the powdered material. Machine and method according to the disclosed invention enable the fabrication in multiple different printing directions simultaneously.

Abstract: A multi-beam volumetric resin curing system and method for whole-volume additive manufacturing of an object includes a bath containing a photosensitive resin, a light source for producing a light beam, and a spatial light modulator which produces a phase- or intensity-modulated light beam by impressing a phase profile or intensity profile of an image onto a light beam received from the light source. The system and method also include projection optics which then produces multiple sub-image beams from the modulated light beam which are projected to intersect each other in the photosensitive resin to cure select volumetric regions of the resin in a whole-volume three-dimensional pattern representing the object.

Abstract: A stereolithography apparatus (100) has an exposure arrangement (110), comprising a radiative element (120); a masking element (130), having a substantially rectangular masking area (132); an optical path (140) between the radiative element (120) and the masking area (132), having a linear segment (145); and an intensity-unifying arrangement (150), having a first, a second, a third, and a fourth reflective surface (1521, 1522, 1523, 1524) The first and second reflective surfaces (1521, 1522,) are arranged on opposite sides of the linear segment (145), and the third and fourth reflective surfaces (1523, 1524) are arranged on opposite sides of the linear segment (145). In a cross section of the intensity-unifying arrangement (150) along any plane, perpendicularly intersecting the linear segment (145), the reflective surfaces (1521, 1522, 1523, 1524) follow a boundary (156) of a rectangle.

Abstract: A depowdering apparatus for depowdering a cake comprising a build part includes a depowdering chamber, a blast nozzle, and a build elevator. The depowdering chamber includes a bottom surface and a build inlet extending through the bottom surface, where the build inlet includes an inlet axis that is substantially vertically oriented. The blast nozzle is positioned within the depowdering chamber and oriented to direct a fluid stream toward the inlet axis. The blast nozzle is laterally spaced from the inlet axis and operable to revolve about the inlet axis on a travel path encircling the inlet axis. The build elevator is arranged below the build inlet in a vertical direction and is operable to raise the cake comprising the build part through the build inlet and into the depowdering chamber along the inlet axis as the blast nozzle is revolved about the inlet axis on the travel path.

Abstract: A method of recycling build material powder including collecting in a keg an amount of excess build material powder during the additive manufacturing of a part cake. The part cake and keg are transferred to a de-powdering station. The part cake is de-powdered to release a mixture of reusable powder and contaminants. The mixture is sieved to remove the contaminants and deposit the reusable powder to the keg.

Abstract: Generating tool path data for an additive manufacturing apparatus comprises providing object design data in which at least a part of a physical object is represented by a line. A section of the line is then sliced using an intermediate slicing layer that is provided between first and second physical build layers of the additive manufacturing apparatus. The slicing generates an intermediate layer point at the intersection of the section of the line and the intermediate slicing layer, with the intermediate layer point being located between the first and second physical build layers. The intermediate layer point is then projected to a projected build layer point that lies within a physical build layer of the additive manufacturing apparatus. The projected build layer point is used to provide tool path data for that physical build layer. A similar process can be used in which the physical object is represented by a surface.

Abstract: A measuring system (40) serves for equipping or retrofitting a device (1) for manufacturing a three-dimensional object (2) by selective layerwise solidification of a building material (15). The device (1) includes an irradiator (18) for selectively irradiating a layer of the building material (15) applied in a working plane (7) of the device (1) at locations corresponding to a cross-section of the object (2) to be manufactured for solidifying the irradiated locations. The irradiator (18) comprises at least two irradiation units (31), preferably laser arrays, and each irradiation unit (31) can be projected onto a pixel in the working plane (7) and can be at least switched on and off.

Abstract: In an example implementation, a method of fusing layers of 3D parts includes forming a layer of build material, and selectively applying a liquid agent onto the layer of build material to define a part layer of a 3D part and a sacrificial layer of a sacrificial part. The method includes, in a single pass of a thermal energy source over the layer of build material, applying fusing energy to the sacrificial layer, sensing a temperature of the sacrificial layer, adjusting a power level of the thermal energy source based on the sensed temperature, and applying fusing energy to the part layer with the adjusted power level of the thermal energy source.

Abstract: A closed-loop adaptive material deposition apparatus and method uses a scanning system to monitor an additively manufactured object as it is being fabricated and adapting the geometric shape and material composition of the subsequent layers based on the scan data. The scanning system repeatedly captures geometric and/or material information of a partially manufactured object with optional auxiliary objects inserted during the manufacturing process. Based on this information, the actual surface geometry and/or actual material composition is computed. Surface geometry may be offset and used as a slicing surface for the next portion of the digital model. The shape of the slicing surface may then be recomputed each time the system scans the partially fabricated object.

Abstract: A design with multiple instances of a three-dimensional article is printed by first defining a unit cell that includes a single instance of a three-dimensional article that repeats in the design along with its nearest neighbor elements in both a plane of a build plate of a target printer on which the design is to be printed and a plane orthogonal thereto. The design is represented in an output file of a design application and a slicer application then generates instructions to manufacture the design by the target printer. The instructions (g-code) include directions to print, for each of a specified number of layers a number of instances of the unit cell that can be accommodated within a build envelop of the target printer per layer as determined by said slicer application. The design is printed by the printer according to the instructions from the slicer application.

Abstract: An in situ cure monitoring control system for use with a volumetric three dimensional (3D) printing system, wherein the volumetric 3D system includes a container defining a build volume, the container includes a photocurable resist used for making a 3D part, and the resist is responsive to an optical curing beam from a light source, which is controlled by a controller, and which is passed through the resist. The cure monitoring control system includes an optical signal source which generates optical signals having a wavelength selected in relation to a characteristic of the resist, and directed to pass through the build volume. A detector detects the optical signals and generates output signals in accordance therewith. Software monitors the output signals and uses the output signals to modify the curing beam to help optimize curing of the resist.

Abstract: Methods of calibrating an apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects include performing a defined movement pattern with at least one beam guiding unit for guiding an energy beam along a defined beam path. The defined movement pattern may include at least one sky writing section and at least one irradiation section. The apparatus may include at least one irradiation device adapted to guide the energy beam across a beam guiding plane. An exemplary method may additionally include, generating a melt pool along the irradiation section, determining a melt pool signal via a determination device of the apparatus, comparing the position of the origin of the melt pool signal in the beam guiding plane with the irradiation section, and determining a calibration status based on the comparison result.

Abstract: The subject matter described herein relates to a process suitable for the production of an implantable medical device by means of a 3D printer. The process includes identifying an intended implant area for the medical device, collecting, in a non-invasive manner, a set of physiological data corresponding to the local anatomy of said intended implant area of the patient, noninvasively taking measurements from the set of physiological data of the patient with the aid of an analysis tool, and adding the characteristics of the medical device, which are specific to additive manufacturing, to thus generate a 3D model of the medical device to be produced. The process further includes exporting the 3D model of the medical device to be produced to the 3D printer suitable for printing a shape-memory material in which the parameters of the 3D printer are adapted to the geometry of the medical device.

Abstract: The present invention enables real-time, automated monitoring and measurement of 3D printed concrete quality during an additive manufacturing process. The method continuously measures electrical impedance of the fresh concrete during the printing process, using electrodes automatically carried by the printing head at the same time as concrete printing proceeds. The real-time measured impedance, resistance, or capacitance curves as a function of printing time, printing path and printing location represent the fingerprint of the 3D printed concrete product being additively manufactured. The fingerprint contains essential information on the printing quality change with time and along the printing path, allowing the real-time detection of location and severity of imperfections. It also enables monitoring and quantifying concrete strength development during 3D printing. Furthermore, it allows closed-loop control to assure the printing quality through real-time adjustment and corrections of the printing parameters.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional (3D) article includes: (1) receiving a solid model defining a 3D article, (2) receiving information defining an information bearing image which can includes machine and/or human readable indicia, (3) defining a solid model of a 3D tag to be attached to the article, the 3D tag having thick sections and thin sections that define the information bearing image, (4) merging the solid model of the 3D article with the solid model of the 3D tag to provide a composite solid model defining the 3D article integral with the 3D tag, (5) sending the composite solid model to an additive manufacturing system, and (6) operating the additive manufacturing print engine to integrally fabricate the 3D article and 3D tag from a single material.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing method is provided for building a manufacturing object by building of repeating formation of one of a sintered portion or a fused portion by selectively heating a thinly developed powder material within a working region on the basis of drawing data derived from three-dimensional data of the manufacturing object and further formation of a new thin layer on one of the sintered portion or the fused portion. The additive manufacturing apparatus includes one or more channels connecting the inside and the outside of the region, and introduces a fluid into a crack progressing into the un-fused powder material through the channel after completion of building to forcibly cool one of the sintered portion or the fused portion, and the un-fused powder material.

Abstract: A three-dimensional printing loop and method for manufacturing an object out of a set of three-dimensional printing loops is provided herein. The printing loop has a loop head, loop legs, and loop feet for connecting to adjacent loops within a wale. The printing loops in a first wale may be interconnected with printing loops in a second wale. The resulting object can be printed using a three-dimensional printer and have elastic properties based on the physical characteristics of the printed loops interlocked as provided herein.

Abstract: A method of anchoring a connector in a first object is provided, wherein the connector includes thermoplastic material in a solid state. The method includes bringing the connector into physical contact with the first object, rotating the connector relative to the first object around a proximodistal rotation axis and exerting a relative force by the connector onto the first object, until a flow portion of the thermoplastic material of the connector becomes flowable and flows relative to the first object, and stopping rotation of the connector, whereby the flow portion anchors the connector relative to the first object, wherein a distal end of the connector is equipped for cutting/punching into the first object and/or for removing material therefrom.

Abstract: A laser joining method and device includes a pressure-applying clamping device, which presses a first and a second workpiece against one another at least after the workpieces have been locally plasticized, and a mask having mask structures, which allow laser light to pass only in the region of the bonding contact faces, wherein at least the workpiece facing the laser source is formed by a three-dimensional molded part, which is not planar at least on the first contour side facing the clamping element and/or on the second contour side facing the second workpiece, and wherein the clamping element, with the bearing side thereof for the first workpiece, is adapted to the first contour side of the first workpiece. The mask structures are created on the bearing side of the clamping element facing the first workpiece or on the second contour side of the first workpiece facing the second workpiece.

Abstract: A method for forming an antiballistic panel includes selecting a largest ceramic plate, i.e. one with a widest circumference, from a batch of ceramic plates; forming a number of transparent rear covers with the shape of said largest ceramic plate; forming a batch of antiballistic panels each based on a single ceramic plate, wherein each antiballistic panel is vacuum baked from the following: a fibre reinforced composite layer which at least covers a front face of the ceramic plate; a trauma reducing fibre reinforced composite layer on a rear face of the ceramic plate; a binder cloth on the trauma reducing composite layer's rear face; an expanding, gluing foam on said binder cloth; mounting a transparent back cover onto the gluing foam to cover an entire circumference of the vacuum baked antiballistic panels; compression of the antiballistic panel now including the rear cover; and hardening of the foam.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a composite panel for an air vehicle having a predetermined size and shape. The method includes forming a frame including an outer mold line surface and at least one edge extending from the outer mold line surface. The outer mold line surface includes an OML inner surface. The edge includes an edge inner surface and an edge outer surface opposite the edge inner surface. The OML inner surface and the edge inner surface define a cavity. The method also includes positioning a plurality of uncured plies within the cavity. The OML inner surface and the edge inner surface support the uncured plies during a curing process. The method further includes curing the uncured plies using the curing process. A post-cure size and shape of the cured plies and the frame corresponds to the predetermined size and shape without trimming any of the cured plies.

Abstract: A method for producing a part made of composite material includes adding a thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix around a preform of a reinforcing fiber mesh made by filament winding around the spurs or the like of a frame. There is winding in addition to the fibers on one or several reels within the matrix, the axes of the spurs or the like and those of the one or more reels having different orientations, so as to provide the mesh of fibers with a three-dimensional shape.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that include forming a molded component by providing a raw material formed from a plurality of fibers disposed in a resin, cutting a plurality of layers of the raw material, placing the plurality of layers in a fixture, heating the plurality of layers in the fixture to form a unitary preform, placing the preform in a molding tool having a plurality of pins and an annular cavity formed between each pin and a cavity plate of the molding tool, and applying heat and pressure to the preform to force a portion of the preform into the annular cavities, wherein the fibers of the portion of the preform forced into the annular cavities are reoriented from a first orientation to a second orientation.

Abstract: A bicycle tire repair device has a main body having a first working end which has an air inlet port useful for connecting with an object that outputs air and an air outlet port useful for receiving a valve of a tire to be repaired and a second working end which includes a tire repair needle being movable between an extended position and a retracted position. The tire repair needle is pivotally connected with the main body.

Abstract: An assembly includes a bag and of a composite panel exhibiting a damaged region to be repaired by polymerization of a repair piece using the bag. The bag includes a sheet intended to be laid over the panel. When the panel and the sheet are laid one atop of the other, the sheet exhibits regions capable of absorbing heat emitted by radiation onto it in a proportion that is dependent on the polymerization temperature needed for that region of the panel that corresponds to it, the radiation being partially absorbed by suitable colouration of the sheet in the region concerned. Determining those regions of the panel in which radiation is less well absorbed than in others means that the heating can be adapted to suit the needs of polymerization in terms of repair and that even polymerization can thus be obtained over the entire damaged region, thereby consolidating the repair.

Abstract: A method for building green tyres includes: feeding an elementary semifinished product with a feeding apparatus; associating an anthropomorphic robotized arm with a forming drum; sending movement commands to the arm to move the forming drum in a working zone, the forming drum being moved while the feeding apparatus is feeding an elementary semifinished product, so that it is laid on the forming drum. Movement commands are sent to the arm, including: determining target coordinates for the arm in order to move the forming drum in the working zone; modifying the target coordinates by a correction function associated with the arm and the working zone, and using the modified coordinates for such movement commands.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a sole of an article of footwear uses an additive manufacturing through a 3D printer. The sole body 20 has an inclined surface or a curved surface BL0 to be a supported surface by a support at a toe spring portion Tu/a heel-up portion Hu/a side-up portion Su. The method includes a forming process in which a plurality of pillar-shaped supports 20sp that extend from the inclined/curved surface BL0 toward the bottom surface of the sole at the time of forming the sole through the 3D printer, and a cutting process to cut at least a portion of the pillar-shaped supports 20sp.

Abstract: A pressing arrangement (100) is disclosed. The pressing arrangement (100) comprises a pressure vessel (2) comprising a pressure cylinder (1). a top end closure (3) and a bottom end closure (9), a furnace chamber (18) for heating a pressure medium, a plurality of guiding passages (10, 11, 13), a load compartment (19) configured for holding at least one article to be treated, and at least one flow generator (30, 32) for circulating pressure medium within the pressure vessel. The pressing arrangement further comprises a heat exchanging element (170) arranged in the top end closure or in the bottom end closure. The heat exchanging element comprises at least one passage for allowing a flow of pressure medium through the heat exchanging element, and at least one circuit for allowing a circulation of cooling medium within the at least one circuit for a cooling of the pressure medium.

Abstract: Methods of making a protective cover. According to one method, a composite sheet is formed by providing a substrate formed from a nonwoven material having a puncture resistance exceeding 500 N, the substrate having a first surface and a second surface, disposing a first layer of plastic film on the substrate first surface and a second layer of plastic film on the substrate second surface. The composite sheet has a first end, a second end, a first lateral edge, a second lateral edge, and an axis extending between the first lateral edge and the second lateral edge. The method also includes folding the composite sheet about the axis to bring the first end of the composite sheet proximate the second end of the composite sheet and define a partially enclosed space having an opening proximate the first and second ends of the composite sheet.

Abstract: A method produces a high-pressure gas storage container that includes a liner and a reinforcing layer. The liner houses a high-pressure gas. The reinforcing layer is formed by winding a plurality of strip-shaped reinforcing members around an outer perimeter surface of the liner. The method includes irradiating plasma on at least a portion of the reinforcing fibers, and adjusting an irradiation intensity of the plasma such that an irradiation amount of the plasma with respect to the reinforcing fibers becomes constant in accordance with changes in a transport speed of the reinforcing fibers.

Abstract: Various apparatuses are disclosed including those that have curvature arresting properties. According to one example, the apparatus can optionally include a flexible first film, a second film and a first plurality of features. The first plurality of features can be disposed between the first film and the second film At least some of the first plurality of features are spaced apart from one another by a gap when the first film is not subject to an applied bending force or is subject to the applied bending force below a predetermined magnitude in one or both of the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and at least some of the first plurality of features contact one another to arrest a curvature of the first film when the applied bending force is at or above the predetermined magnitude.