Abstract: A pressure regulating device for use with a breathing assistance and/or resuscitation apparatus, which conveys gases along a gases pathway to a patient, includes a mounting for connecting the pressure regulating device to a first outlet in fluid communication with the gases pathway. The mounting holds a valve member that selectively blocks, at least in part, the first outlet. A control member can be manipulated to adjust a property of the valve member. The valve member at least partially blocks the first outlet when the pressure of gases in the pathway is below a selected level, and allows at least a portion of the gases to flow out of the first outlet when the pressure of said gases is above the selected level. The property includes a selected level of pressure whereby manipulation of the control member adjusts the level of pressure between a maximum level and a minimum level.

Abstract: A pressure regulating or pressure relief device comprises an inlet and an outlet chamber with an outlet. The inlet is in fluid communication with the outlet chamber. A valve seat is located between the inlet and the outlet. A valve member is biased to seal against the valve seat, and displaces from the valve seat by an inlet pressure at the inlet increasing above a pressure threshold to allow a flow of gases from the inlet to the outlet via the outlet chamber. The flow of gases through the outlet causes an outlet pressure in the outlet chamber to act on the valve member together with the inlet pressure to displace the valve member from the valve seat.

Abstract: An essential oil diffusion mechanism, including: a housing having an accommodation chamber; and a separator that divides the accommodation chamber into an upper chamber and a lower chamber and includes a horizontal partition plate and vertical partition plates. The horizontal partition plate defines at least one interconnecting hole. An upper surface of each vertical partition plate is spaced apart from a chamber wall of the upper chamber to form an upper interconnecting aperture. Each vertical partition plate defines an interconnecting reflux hole. A lower surface of each baffling plate is spaced apart from the horizontal partition plate to form a lower interconnecting aperture. The interconnecting hole, the upper interconnecting aperture, the lower interconnecting aperture, and the air outlet are sequentially arranged in communication to form an air outlet channel.

Abstract: The methods, systems and devices provided herein relate to sleep-aid. Some embodiments include a vibration source and/or a sound source. In some embodiments, the vibration source and/or sound source emit vibrations and/or sounds that stimulate a subject's vagus nerve, or another nerve, to induce sleep or relaxation in the subject.

Abstract: The invention provides a system for providing an audio stimulus to a sleeping user. The system includes a user sensor adapted to acquire user sleep data from the sleeping user and a processor, which is adapted to determine a sleep stage of the sleeping user based on the user sleep data. The processor is further adapted to determine a predicted influence of an audio stimulus on the sleep stage of the sleeping user and generate a control signal based on the predicted influence of the audio stimulus. The system further comprises an audio output device, adapted to receive the control signal and generate an audio stimulus based on the control signal.

Abstract: A chain mail mesh comprising interconnecting, polygonal links suitably interconnected to define a sheet having each of the interconnecting, polygonal links having at least one degree of freedom of movement in at least one direction with respect to its neighbouring polygonal links wherein each of the interconnecting, polygonal links, interconnected to at least one neighbouring interconnecting polygonal link, combine to form an operative upper surface and an operative lower surface of the sheet, and wherein at least a portion of at least one of the operative upper surface and the operative lower surface of the sheet generally feels smooth with gaps, which produce a calming or pleasing effect when contacted with or moved over, or combinedly contacted with and moved over a human's body portion which being apt to sense of touch. The sheet has a predetermined drape coefficient, nonlinear motion, and is capable of providing relief in stress or pleasure when a human employs the same.

Abstract: A method is used to manufacture a surgical guidewire that includes an outer coil assembly, a position sensor, a communication wire, an adhesive, a core wire, a hollow tube, and an atraumatic tip. The outer coil assembly has an outer coil that extends distally from a proximal coil retainer to a distal coil retainer. The position sensor is located distally within the outer coil assembly and is configured to be in communication with a processor via the communication wire. The core wire is between an outer coil proximal portion and the hollow tube. A distal end of the hollow tube is bonded to the atraumatic tip. The method includes affixing the atraumatic tip to the distal end of the hollow tube with the adhesive. The adhesive is constructed of instant glue.

Abstract: An innovative medical device that permits rapid, minimally invasive restoration of blood flow across a vascular blockage. A system allowing for lysis or removal of said blockage. Said device creates a temporary bypass using longitudinal structure configured for insertion into the blood vessel and adapted to deliver a side hole to a target area. The side hole defines a distal first segment and a proximal second segment with a lumen to allow blood flow therethrough to at least one distal end hole. Said device includes at least one semi-permeable membrane which may act as a filter that located circumferentially around outer surface of at least one of said device segments. In an alternate embodiment, a slidable outer sheath can cover the side hole to permit reversal of blood flow from the distal end hole to a proximal end hole located outside a patient's body by means of an aspiration controller.

Abstract: An extension assembly for a catheter having an extension tube, an extension connector and an indicator assembly. The extension tube has a proximal end and a distal end, and, an inner bore. The extension connector has a body with a central bore, with the proximal end of the extension tube coupled to a first end of the body. The extension connector further includes a slot in the body defined by lower end wall and upstanding walls extending therefrom, terminating at an upper opening. A radial passage extends from the central bore to the at least one slot. The indicator assembly has an indicator that is structurally configured to change color in the presence of a chemical indicative of a bladder infection. A wicking member is in fluid communication with the radial passage and the indicator, with the wicking member being positioned between the radial passage and the indicator.

Abstract: A multi-catheter infusion system and method for the localized delivery of medications while minimally affecting patient mobility for an extended period of time. The multi-catheter infusion system includes a cannula and a plurality of catheters. The cannula includes a first end for connecting to a drug delivery system and a second end for connecting to the plurality of catheters. The plurality of catheters are in fluid communication with the cannula for delivering a drug to a target area of a patient. Each catheter includes a multi-orifice distal end.

Abstract: In some examples, a catheter includes an elongated body comprising proximal and distal portions. The distal portion of the elongated body comprises an inner liner that includes a proximal liner section and a distal liner section that include different materials, and an outer jacket positioned over the inner liner. The distal liner section has a first hardness and the proximal liner section has a second hardness, where the first hardness is less than the second hardness.

Abstract: Medical devices and methods of using medical devices are disclosed. An example tissue retraction device includes a first tissue engagement member coupled to an elastic member by a coupling assembly. The coupling assembly including a first coupler body having a first end region and a first compression member. Further, the first end region of the first coupler body is configured to extend into a portion of a lumen of the elastic member and the compression member is designed to compress the elastic member onto the first coupler body such that the elastic member is fixedly engaged with the coupler body.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance compatible catheter. The catheter incorporates directional high intensity ultrasound. The catheter may include imaging coils visible through magnetic resonance imaging. The location and placement of the catheter may be controlled by steering wires within lumen in the catheter guided by the location information from the magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract: A stabilized coronary sinus catheter system having a proximal section and a distal section with a memory shape portion, and a tip, distal of the memory shape portion. A handle having a body, a tip deflection actuator, a memory shape portion deployment actuator, and an axis. The tip is in line with the axis and the tip deflection actuator is at a first position. The tip is deflected out of alignment with the axis when the tip deflection actuator is at a second position. A third position is a delivery configuration where the memory shape portion and the tip are in line with the axis. The memory shape portion deployment actuator is at a first location. A deployed configuration allows the memory shape portion to form a predetermined shape conforming to the shape of the coronary sinus when the memory shape portion deployment actuator is at a second location.

Abstract: An articulating shaft for a steerable catheter system includes a tubular body and a plurality of wire support elements integrally formed from a single piece with the tubular body. The tubular body has a longitudinal central axis and a sealed lumen with a distal opening and a proximal opening. The wire support elements support an actuating wire. Each of the wire support elements has a feed-through opening receiving the actuating wire. A pair of adjacent wire support elements are separated from each other in an axial direction by a slot.

Abstract: A steerable catheter. A catheter tube is connected to a catheter handle. A steering wire has a center point affixed to the distal tip of the catheter tube, and each leg of the steering wire is affixed to respective racks inside the catheter handle. The racks are toothed and slidable and are mounted in opposition to each other within the catheter handle. A gear is disposed between the toothed racks and a knob is attached to the gear. Operating the knob rotates the gear and causes the racks to slide in opposite directions thereby pulling one of the steering wire legs to deflect the distal end of the catheter tube.

Abstract: Some embodiments of a medical device anchor system include an anchor device that secures a medical instrument (such as a catheter or the like) in place relative to a skin penetration point using subcutaneous anchors. In some implementations, the anchor device can be installed using a technique in which the subcutaneous anchors undergo relatively little or no flexing when being inserted through the skin into the subcutaneous region between the skin and underlying muscle tissue which may be occupied by fatty tissue.

Abstract: A valve actuator that moves in a catheter assembly between a first position where a valve is closed and a second position where the valve is open, the valve actuator including a shaft portion at a distal end of the valve actuator that is configured to pierce the valve, a mating portion at a proximal end of the valve actuator that is configured to engage a Luer device, a diameter reduction region that connects the shaft portion and the mating portion, and a plurality of windows that extend through the valve actuator for flushing fluid, the plurality of windows being disposed in the diameter reduction region, wherein each of the plurality of windows does not extend a full length of the diameter reduction region.

Abstract: A guidewire includes: a shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, and a body extending from the proximal end to the distal end; a blunt tip; and a sleeve; wherein the body of the shaft comprises at least a segment that is surrounded by the sleeve, the segment coupled to the blunt tip; and wherein the segment of the body of the shaft comprises a flat portion having one or more openings extending through a thickness of the flat portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to guidewire devices having shapeable tips and effective torquability. A guidewire device includes a core having a proximal section and a tapered distal section. A tube structure is coupled to the core such that the tapered distal section of the core extends into and distally beyond the tube structure. The portion of the core extending distally beyond the tube forms a shapeable tip. One or more coils also extend distally beyond the tube. The tip is configured to reduce the tendency of resilient forces from the tube structure to disrupt a customized shape of the tip.

Abstract: The present invention is an implantable medical device comprising (i) a base coat layer having an inner and outer surface, the inner surface of the base coat layer contacting the implantable medical device; (ii) a top-coat layer of a hydrophilic polymer chemically crosslinked and covalently bonded to the outer surface of the base coat layer, the hydrophilic polymer comprising an anionic polyelectrolyte; and (iii) an amount of a hydrophilic cationic drug agent added to the top-coat layer sufficient to provide an effective dosage of the drug agent for delivery to a patient, whereby the hydrophilic cationic drug agent is initially adsorbed into the anionic polyelectrolyte of the top-coat layer and the hydrophilic cationic drug agent having a release rate after the medical device is implanted within a patient's body.

Abstract: An example apparatus embodiment includes a catheter body and an inflatable balloon having longitudinal edges sealed to the catheter body. The balloon may be configured to extend farther outward from an outer surface of the catheter body in a first direction when inflated than a second direction opposite the first direction. The catheter body may be formed with a lumen for controlling the balloon inflation, another lumen for transporting fluid to and from a diagnostic or therapeutic site in a patient's body, and yet another lumen for transporting a therapeutic or diagnostic instrument or other payload.

Abstract: In a surgical drain system formed with two or more branches, exudate flow from a patient's wound is directed between two branches with the respective filling and emptying times determined in order to identify the presence of a blockage in the drain.

Abstract: A canister for use in administering reduced pressure to a tissue site includes a center body, a first end cap, and a second end cap. The center body includes a first end, second end, and a number of fluidly separate body conduits. The first end cap is connected to the first end of the center body and includes a number of return conduits fluidly connecting one body conduit to another. The first end has a port for receiving a conduit in fluid communication with the tissue site. The second end cap is connected to the second end of the center body and includes a number of return conduits fluidly connecting one body conduit to another. The second end cap has a port for receiving a conduit in fluid communication with a reduced pressure source. The fluid connection between the body conduits and the return conduits creates a continuous, tortuous pathway.

Abstract: A ureteral stent that includes a tubular member and a retaining end adapted to be placed inside a kidney or a bladder of a patient. The retaining end includes a plurality of loops. Each of the loops are centered about a loop axis, and two or more of the loop axes extend in different directions relative to other loop axes.

Abstract: An anchored dilator includes a push tube having proximal and distal push tube portions. A dilator tip is coupled with the distal push tube portion and is configured for selectable coupling with a catheter. The dilator tip includes an anchor cuff having a cuff interface. The anchor cuff is configured to transition between a shuttle configuration having a shuttle profile and an anchored configuration having an anchored profile larger than the shuttle profile. A cuff operator assembly is configured to transition the anchor cuff between the anchored and shuttle configurations. The cuff operator assembly includes a cuff operator movably coupled with the dilator tip, and an operator shaft coupled with the cuff operator. The operator shaft extends toward the proximal push tube portion. Actuation of the cuff operator with the operator shaft transitions the anchor cuff between the shuttle configuration and the anchored configuration.

Abstract: An applicator and applicator system are provided for a topically or transdermally applying a pharmaceutical preparation or formulation. The applicator and applicator system can reduce drip during use, provide efficient transfer of a dose of the pharmaceutical preparation or formulation from the applicator to the skin of a patient, and can be used hands-free, which can reduce, prevent or eliminate cross-contamination to other areas, including undesired application to other parts of the skin or to other individuals. The applicator and applicator system include a therapeutic surface which can receive a single dose of the pharmaceutical preparation and can be manipulated by the user to transfer and apply the pharmaceutical preparation on a body surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is an implantable medical device for locoregional injection and/or sampling in the lumen of a blood vessel or in a parenchyma, including a microfluidic chip and a cover. The microfluidic chip includes at least one microfluidic channel extending from a first face of the microfluidic chip to a second face of the microfluidic chip. The cover includes at least two hollow micro-needles protruding from the cover. The cover is fixed to the second surface of the microfluidic chip so the microfluidic channel is in fluid connection with the at least two hollow micro-needles. The length of the hollow micro-needles projecting from the cover is configured such that when the cover is implanted on the outer wall of a blood vessel or on a parenchyma, the end of the hollow micro-needles penetrates into the lumen of the blood vessel or into the parenchyma.

Abstract: Microarray applicator (10000), a method of using the same and a kit. The microarray applicator comprising a housing (2000), a microarray holder (8100) and a plunger (7000). The plunger comprising a first ridge (7310) and a second ridge (7320), both engagable to a notch (2320). Microarray applicator does not uses springs or pre-biased mechanisms to reduce costs.

Abstract: An implantable sustained-release microneedle patch and a preparation method therefor. The implantable sustained-release microneedle comprises a needle tip, a needle body, and a base. The needle tip comprises a needle tip center layer and a needle tip outer layer. The needle tip center layer is formed of a matrix comprising a biodegradable water-insoluble polymer material. The needle tip outer layer, the needle body, and the base are formed of a matrix comprising a water-soluble polymer material. The microneedle patch comprises the microneedle and absorbs the moisture of the skin when the microneedle acts on skin, so that the base and the needle body are quickly separated from the needle tip within 0.5-2 h. After the base is removed, the needle tip will be left in skin, and the user does not need the patch sticking for a long time to ensure long-term release of a drug in the body.

Abstract: A medical device that may include an elongate member having a proximal end and a distal end, and a lumen disposed through the elongate member is disclosed. The medical device may also include an opening disposed at the distal end of the elongate member in communication with the lumen, and a pushing element disposed with the lumen. The medical device may also include at least one fiducial disposed within the lumen and distal to the pushing element, and a separating mechanism disposed at the distal end of the elongate member. The separating mechanism may be configured to apply a separating force to deploy the at least one fiducial.

Abstract: A method of delivery ultrasonic energy and a therapeutic compound to a treatment site and an ultrasonic catheter system are disclosed. The ultrasonic catheter system comprises a tubular body having a proximal end, a distal end and a treatment zone located between the distal end and the proximal end, a fluid delivery lumen, at least one ultrasound radiating element positioned in the treatment zone, wiring electrically coupled to the at least one ultrasound radiating element and extending through the tubular body and terminating at a connector, and a control system comprising external circuitry and an isolation pod that is configured to be electrically connected to the connector, the isolation pod being positioned between the tubular body and the external system and comprising an isolation barrier and circuitry for driving the ultrasound radiating element.

Abstract: A morselizer comprising (a) a hollow cylindrical structure with an inner wall and an outer wall and comprising a first end section, a second end section, and a center section extending axially between the first end section and the second end section providing a substantially axial liquid pathway therein; (b) wherein each end section comprises a axially and radially hollow luer fitting that is attachable to a structure with a complementarily sized luer fitting; and (c) one or more blades extending transversally across the inner diameter of the center section wherein (i) each blade is comprised of a plurality of ends, including a posterior end secured to at least the center wall section inner wall at a center section inner wall first position and an anterior end proximal a center section inner wall second position opposite the center section inner wall first position, with a gap positioned between the blade anterior end and the center section inner wall second position, and (ii) at least two ends comprise cutti

Abstract: A cannulation coupler has a primary branch comprising a retaining feature. The cannulation coupler also has a side inflow branch in communication with the primary branch. The cannulation coupler further has an outflow branch in communication with the primary branch and in communication with the side inflow branch. An adjustable cannulation assembly is also disclosed, having a cannulation coupler, an outer cannula, and an inner cannula. The cannulation coupler has 1) a primary branch comprising a retaining feature, 2) a side inflow branch in communication with the primary branch, and 3) an outflow branch in communication with the primary branch and in communication with the side inflow branch. The outer cannula is coupled to the primary branch. The inner cannula is coupled to the side inflow branch, wherein: 1) the inner cannula also passes through the primary branch; and 2) the inner cannula is coaxially slidable within the outer cannula.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a connector for use in supply lines for intravenous infusions. The object of the present invention is to provide a connector designed in such a way that secure assembly of the infusion arrangement is made possible, and such that the connecting piece may be nondisconnectably or nonreleasably locked to the mating piece at a later time. This object is achieved by providing securing of the connection, in particular by way of a thread, and providing a separately operable capping sleeve that covers the securing.

Abstract: An intermittent, injection port assembly includes a flexible valve member of the type which is laterally deflected when moved from a closed position to an open position. A high flow non-tortuous flow passage is provided through the injection port assembly by a plurality of lateral passages bypassing a base which supports the flexible valve member.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described including a blood pump configured to be placed inside a body of subject, the blood pump including an impeller configured to pump the subject's blood by rotating, and an axial shaft upon which the impeller is disposed. Proximal and distal radial bearings are configured to stabilize the axial shaft radially during rotation of the impeller. An atraumatic distal-tip portion is disposed distally with respect to the impeller, the atraumatic distal-tip portion including an inflatable portion. A purging fluid is pumped toward the distal-tip portion, such as to (a) purge the distal bearing, and (b) inflate the inflatable portion of the distal-tip portion. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described including a blood pump that includes an axial shaft, an impeller disposed on the axial shaft, a frame disposed around the impeller, and a motor disposed outside a subject's body, and configured to drive the impeller to pump blood from a distal end of the impeller to a proximal end of the impeller. A drive cable extends from outside the subject's body to the axial shaft, and is configured to impart rotational motion from the motor to the impeller by rotating. The drive cable is held in a preloaded state with respect to the frame, such that initiation of pumping of blood by rotation of the impeller does not cause the drive cable to axially elongate. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: A blood pump is described that includes an impeller having proximal and distal bushings, at least one helical elongate element, a spring that is disposed inside of the helical elongate element and along an axis around which the helical elongate element winds, and a film of material supported between the helical elongate element and the spring. A frame is disposed around the impeller. A flexible elongate element extends radially from the spring to the helical elongate element, and maintains the helical elongate element within a given distance from the spring, to thereby maintain a gap between an outer edge of a blade of the impeller and an inner surface of the frame, during rotation of the impeller. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus, and methods are described for delivering a therapeutic substance to a target area within or proximate to a nasal cavity of a subject, including a reservoir configured to contain the therapeutic substance and a delivery interface by which the therapeutic substance is delivered to the target area. In some embodiments, systems, apparatus, and methods described herein can deliver a therapeutic substance using iontophoresis and/or electroosmosis.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are provided herein providing electrical muscle stimulation (EMS). In some instances, an EMS device may be provided. The EMS device may be compact, light, and unobtrusive such that it can be used by a person going about his or her daily activities. In some instances, the EMS device may comprise additional sensors for increased functionality and may be capable of interacting with additional devices or platforms to provide a full-fledged EMS device capability.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a medical lead system that includes a first lead portion and a second lead portion. The first lead portion includes a first elongate body extending along a longitudinal axis from a distal end to a proximal end and defining a coupling recess. The second lead portion includes a second elongate body extending along the longitudinal axis from a distal end to a proximal end and a connector defining a channel configured to receive the proximal end of the first lead portion. The connector includes a coupling member configured to, when the first lead portion is inserted into the channel, mechanically engage the coupling recess to secure the first lead portion to the second lead portion at least in an axial direction relative to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: Devices and implantation methods utilizing subcutaneous placement into a patient are disclosed for the insertion, advancement and positioning of a subcutaneous implantable medical device (SIMD) such as a medical electrical lead. The device for implanting the SIMD is configured having a pre-biased distal curve for creating a pathway to an implant location within a substernal space.

Abstract: A cochlear implant includes an electrode array having a plurality of electrode contacts arranged along at least a portion of a length of an electrode array, and a processing arrangement configured to map at least one electrode contact to first and/or second mappings. The first mapping provides a first electrical stimulation from the electrode contact to a first ground electrode positioned external to a patient's cochlea to stimulate hearing at a first location in the cochlea positioned adjacent to the electrode contact when the implant is inserted into the cochlea. The second mapping provides a second electrical stimulation from the electrode contact to the second ground electrode to stimulate hearing at a location in the cochlea positioned further towards the apex of the cochlea as compared to a distal end of the electrode array when the implant is inserted into the cochlea.

Abstract: An extravascular or intravascular neural interface is disclosed comprising three C-ring portions, with at least two including an electrode, an electrode pair or an electrode array. The portions are formed of a flexible material that is configured to enable the portions to self-size to fit around or against a surface of a target vessel when the neural interface is released at a position along the target vessel. A spinal portion configured to house electrical conductors for the electrodes is connected to one or more portions. The portions may be spaced sufficient apart to permit radial expansion and contraction of a target vessel around or within which the neural interface is placed, to reduce never compression, open trench low-pressure unrestricted blood-flow, and to enhance fluid exchange with the target vessel. The portions may be arranged in a low helix angle forming at least two full turns.

Abstract: A microenvironment of a biological body is controlled, and more particularly, is measured, changed, and monitored with respect to temperature, pH level, moisture and other tissue parameters of a region of the body while, optionally, administering a therapeutic agent to that region.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions for and methods of altering the electric impedance to an alternating electric field in a target site of a subject. Disclosed are compositions for methods of improving transport of a nanoparticle across a cell membrane of a cell.

Abstract: A leadless pacemaker device configured to provide for an intra-cardiac pacing, including: processing circuitry configured to generate ventricular pacing signals for stimulating ventricular, and a reception device for receiving a sensing signal indicative of an atrial activity, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to detect an atrial event derived from said sensing signal, wherein the atrial event is a valid atrial sense event, where a series of atrial events lie within a range for a normal atrial rate, and/or when the atrial rate variability is within a certain range indicating a regular atrial rhythm, wherein in case a valid atrial sense event is detected, the processing circuitry is further configured to: determine: ventricular pacing events according to atrial events, calculate ventricular-atrial time delays, determine a correction value based a measured time delay and the calculated time delay, and adjust the ventricular pacing timing based on the correction value.

Abstract: A topical nerve activation patch includes electronic circuitry embedded in the patch and electronic circuitry configured to generate an output voltage applied to electrodes. The patch further includes a controller configured to generate a treatment comprising a plurality of activation pulses that form the output voltage, the controller comprising a first real time clock and an oscillator, the treatment comprising electrical stimuli applied to the user via the electrodes. The patch further includes a charge measurement circuit configured to measure an amount of charge applied to the user from the electrical stimuli and a communication link configured to communicate with a remote activation device, the remote activation device comprising a second real time clock. The controller is configured to generate the activation pulses by measuring time intervals using the oscillator and using the second real time clock and the measured time intervals to determine activation times for the activation pulses.

Abstract: A wearable garment may have a flexible material configured to wrap around a portion of a user's body. The flexible material may have an interior surface configured to contact the user's body and an opposite exterior surface. The garment may further have a first electrode positioned at the interior surface and configured to contact a targeted part of the user's body and a second electrode positioned at the interior surface and configured to contact a targeted part of the user's body. The garment may also have a first electrode connector positioned at the exterior surface and operably connected to the first electrode and a second electrode connector positioned at the exterior surface and operably connected to the second electrode. The first and second electrodes are configured to deliver a therapeutic signal from an electrotherapeutic device via the first and second electrode connectors.