Abstract: A mold tool is provided that includes plural mold sub-volumes configured to receive a sealant, a mold channel in fluid communication with the mold sub-volumes, a sealant injection port in fluid communication with the mold channel, vacuum application ports in fluid communication with the mold sub-volumes, and an air control system. The air control system is operably coupled to the mold sub-volumes and the mold channel, and is configured to apply a vacuum to the mold sub-volumes via the vacuum application ports.

Abstract: An injection molding apparatus comprising a clamp plate, a heated manifold, an actuator, a mold and a cooling device, wherein the cooling device comprises: a heat transmitter comprising a distal arm or member and a proximal base or member, the distal arm or member being mounted by a spring loadable interconnection or engagement to or with the proximal base or member, the clamp plate, the mold, the manifold, the actuator and the heat transmitter being assemblable together in an arrangement wherein the spring loadable interconnection is loaded urging the distal end surface of the distal arm or member into compressed engagement with the clamp plate.

Abstract: In a method for operating an injection moulding machine in the absence of a backflow barrier, plastic melt is injected by a plasticising device into a cavity in a screw antechamber of a plasticising screw adapted to rotate about a longitudinal axis and to move translationally by a drive unit during an injection phase and a holding-pressure phase. A rotational drive of the drive unit is controlled such that a speed of the plasticising screw causes overlay of a backflow of the plastic melt from the screw antechamber back into screw threads of the plasticising screw by an opposing delivery flow as a result of a rotation of the plasticising screw due to a translational injection movement of the plasticising screw. A differential flow is established from the backflow and the opposing delivery flow and influenced at least during the injection phase by influencing the speed of the plasticising screw.

Abstract: An extruder assembly has a frame with upstream and downstream ends. A barrel assembly on the frame has a passage. At least one material advancing component resides at least partially within the passage and is configured to be turned around an operating axis to thereby cause material to be conveyed from a passage inlet to a passage outlet. A drive assembly turns the at least one material advancing component around its operating axis and has a motor on the frame situated so that at least a part of the motor is in lengthwise overlapping relationship with the barrel assembly. The drive assembly is configured to turn the one material advancing component around its operating axis at a speed of at least 300 rpm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a spider for a die head and die tooling that utilizes curved flow guides to direct the flow of plastic through the die head and die tooling. The spider leg splits the stream of plastic flowing through the spider into two independent streams at the upstream end. The downstream end comprises two curved flow guides that are configured to direct the two streams of plastic towards a longitudinal center plane of the spider leg. The turbulence caused by the curved flow guides creates obtuse or acute angled welding lines between the two streams of plastic. These obtuse and acute angled welding lines provide stronger bonds than the known spider legs that create butt welding or right angled welding lines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to molded foam having no hollow space caused in a plate-shaped portion. The molded foam comprises a tube body and a plate-shaped portion joined to the outer side of the tube body. The expansion ratio of the molded foam is lower than two, and a value of a thickness B/a thickness A as a relationship between the thickness A of the tube body at the periphery of a point joined to the plate-shaped portion and the thickness B of the plate-shaped portion is less than 2.82.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for molding plastic preforms into plastic containers using a blow mould assembly including a blow mould unit, wherein a part of the blow mould unit is retained on a blow mould holder element using negative pressure.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for producing three-dimensional objects are disclosed. In an embodiment, an apparatus for solid freeform fabrication comprises a movable nozzle comprising a nozzle opening, a heating element connected to the movable nozzle, a driver connected to the movable nozzle, a platform for receiving a build material from the movable nozzle, and a hopper for providing the build material to the driver, the hopper comprising a hopper opening, wherein the nozzle opening and the hopper opening are capable of simultaneous alignment on a straight axis such that the build material, when present, is capable of traveling along the straight axis at least from the hopper opening until the build material attains a flowable state.

Abstract: Described is a method of forming a structure having viscoelastic properties. The method can include a) depositing a layer of droplets of a solidifying material and a non-solidifying material, the droplets being deposited according to an occupancy matrix specifying voxels for the solidifying and non-solidifying materials, the solidifying and non-solidifying material being interspersed within the occupancy matrix, the occupancy matrix being generated by a probabilistic function; b) exposing the droplets of solidifying material to ultraviolet radiation to cure the solidifying material; and c) repeating a) and b) to deposit additional layers of droplets of solidifying and non-solidifying materials, thereby forming the structure having viscoelastic properties.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating a surface of a molded part, produced in a 3D printing method, with a surface treatment means, wherein holding means are arranged on the molded part which enable a treatment of the surface in a treatment chamber, without the surface making contact with the walls of the treatment chamber. A corresponding method for producing a molded part in a 3D printing method is also provided, as well as the corresponding dataset for controlling a 3D printer, and a computer program product which determines a number of holding means on the basis of the geometry data of the molded part.

Abstract: Stereolithography using solid thermoplastic photopolymer plates/sheets/films provides a new technique to make 3D printed objects. In this new additive manufacturing process, objects are built layer-wise using thermoplastic photopolymers and actinic radiation. The thermoplastic photopolymer compositions consist of a thermoplastic photopolymer layer sandwiched between a transparent flexible base without an anchoring layer and a release film. Un-crosslinked portions of the 3D printed object are removed by heat.

Abstract: In a 3D-printing system, a deposition head comprising a band assembly having a body and a band for compacting a filament onto the surface of an object being manufactured. One or more actuators are mounted on the assembly body at a front mounting point or a rear mounting point, or both, and are used to shape the band to a desired contour. The band is made of a flexible material, and has a first and second connecting point, wherein at least one of them is connected to the one or more actuators. The intermediate portion of the band between the connecting points is curved toward the surface of the object being manufactured to enable the portion to come into contact with and to compact the filament onto the object. The band assembly further comprises a compaction support extending from the assembly body toward an inward-facing surface of the band.

Abstract: In a 3D-printing system, a deposition head comprising a band assembly having a body and a band for compacting a filament onto the surface of an object being manufactured. One or more actuators are mounted on the assembly body and are used to shape the band to a desired contour. The band is connected to the one or more actuators, is curved toward the surface of the object to enable contact with the surface, and is capable of being driven along its length by one or more drive wheels that are under the control of a controller. The drive wheels are configured to advance the band along its length by a first distance and in response to a first signal from the controller. The controller provides the first signal based on an estimate of thermoplastic build-up on a portion of the band that overlaps the point of compaction.

Abstract: A print head is disclosed for use with an additive manufacturing system. The print head may include a housing configured to receive a prefabricated woven sleeve, and a fiber guide disposed at least partially inside the housing and configured for insertion into the prefabricated woven sleeve. The print head may also include a diverter connected to an end of the fiber guide inside of a downstream mouth of the housing, and at least one cure enhancer located at the mouth of the housing.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing system is disclosed for use in fabricating a composite structure. The additive manufacturing system may include a print head configured to discharge a continuous reinforcement that is at least partially wetted with a matrix, and a support configured to move the print head in at least one dimension during discharge. The additive manufacturing system may also include a cutting mechanism connected to at least one of the print head and the support. The cutting mechanism may be configured to selectively sever the continuous reinforcement from the print head. The cutting mechanism may include a cutting implement, a first actuator configured to move the cutting implement from a stowed position to a deployed position, and a second actuator configured to engage the cutting implement with the continuous reinforcement.

Abstract: In a 3D-printing system, a deposition head comprising a band assembly having a body and a band for compacting a filament onto the surface of an object being manufactured. One or more actuators are mounted on the assembly body and are used to shape the band to a desired contour. The band is connected to the one or more actuators, and is capable of being driven along its length by one or more drive wheels. For example, the band can be in the form of a loop, arranged such that the front of the loop is in contact with a front wheel, the back of the loop is in contact a rear wheel, and the bottom of the loop faces toward the surface of the object. The band assembly further comprises a compaction support supporting the band and comprising a roller that permits the band to move along its length.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a device 1 for the additive manufacture of a three-dimensional object (2) by successive, layered, selective illumination and associated solidification of built material layers formed in a construction plane (11) of a built material (3) that can be solidified by means of at least one energy beam (4), comprising an illumination device (9) which comprises at least one illumination element (10) to generate an energy beam (4) directed to the construction plane (11) for the selective illumination of a built material layer that is to be solidified, wherein at least the one illumination element (10) is movably supported by means of a magnetic moving and mounting device (12) in at least one degree of freedom relative to the construction plane (11).

Abstract: A method of detecting a malfunction event in an additive manufacturing system includes building a workpiece with the additive manufacturing system. The additive manufacturing system includes a housing, a build chamber disposed within the housing, a recoater disposed within the build chamber, a build platform configured to receive the workpiece, a shaft mounted to the build platform, a sensor in operable communication with the additive manufacturing system, and an actuating mechanism engaged with the shaft such that the actuating mechanism is configured to move the shaft relative to the actuating mechanism. The undesirable event is sensed with the sensor.

Abstract: Powder module (1) for an apparatus (2) for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects, which powder module (1) comprises a holding device (5) adapted to hold a build plate (3) of the powder module (1), wherein the holding device (5) comprises at least one clamping unit (6) connectable with and disconnectable from a recess (7) in the build plate (3), wherein the clamping unit (6) is moveable between a first position in which the clamping unit (6) is connected with the build plate (3) and a second position in which the clamping unit (6) is disconnected from the recess (7).

Abstract: To provide simple yet accurate stent graft fenestration, a patient-specific fenestration template is used as a guide for graft fenestration. To generate the fenestration template, a patient's medical imaging data such as CT scan data may be used to generate a 3-D digital model of an aorta lumen of the patient. The aorta lumen may encompass one or more branch vessels, which may be indicated on the 3-D digital model. Based on the 3-D digital model or a segment thereof, the fenestration template may be generated, for example, using 3-D printing technology. The fenestration template may include one or more holes or openings that correspond to the one or more branch vessels. To fenestrate a stent graft, the fenestration template is coupled to the stent graft so that the holes or openings on the fenestration template indicate the fenestration locations.

Abstract: A molding system to manufacture a three-dimensional object corresponding to a three-dimensional model. The molding apparatus includes a slice data generation unit to generate slice data from three-dimensional shape data of the three-dimensional model, and a lamination unit to laminate a layer of a molding material on the basis of the slice data. The slice data generation unit analyzes data, and, if a region in which a layer of a second molding material different from a first molding material is to be laminated on a layer of the first molding material and in which it is difficult to laminate the layers is extracted, modifies the data of a region of at least one of an ith layer and an (i+1)th layer to data in which a portion in which the first molding material is disposed and a portion in which the second molding material is disposed.

Abstract: A powder delivery device for providing raw material powder to a powder application device of a powder bed fusion apparatus is provided. The powder delivery device comprises a powder supply section configured to receive raw material powder, the powder supply section comprising an outlet for providing the raw material powder to the powder application device. The powder delivery device further comprises a first physical parameter determining unit arranged at a first location of the powder supply section and configured to determine a first physical parameter in the powder supply section, and a controller configured to determine whether the first physical parameter meets a first tolerance criterion, and a powder treatment unit. The controller is configured to instruct the powder treatment unit to perform a powder treatment in case it determines that the first physical parameter does not meet the first tolerance criterion.

Abstract: A fabricating apparatus includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to receive designation of a scheduled fabrication start time of a fabrication object, detect a change in a fabrication practicability condition of the fabricating apparatus, and output change information indicating an occurrence of a change in the fabrication practicability condition of the fabricating apparatus when the change in the fabrication practicability condition has been detected after reception of the designation of the scheduled fabrication start time.

Abstract: A spacer clip for ensuring a minimum adhesive bond line thickness (T) during an attachment event with an adhesive, the spacer clip including: a spacer element having a thickness (t) defining the minimum bond line thickness, adapted to be arranged interleaved between a first vehicle part and a second vehicle part, a hold portion generally parallel with the spacer element and attached to the spacer element with an interconnecting portion. The spacer clip is mountable on the first vehicle part. The hold portion is adapted to be arranged on an opposite side of the first vehicle part compared to the spacer element. The spacer element and the hold portion are adapted to maintain a pressure on the first vehicle part such that the spacer clip can be mounted on the first vehicle part prior to the attachment event.

Abstract: A fusion machine which can be top-loaded on very large polyolefin pipes and pipelines has jaws which consist of an upper half jaw and lower left and right complemental jaws which pivot on the half jaw. Left and right actuators connected between the complemental jaws and the half jaw operate in one direction to cause the complemental jaws to rotate to an opened condition in which the upper half jaw can be lowered onto and lifted from the pipes to be fused and in the other direction to cause the complemental jaws to rotate to a closed condition in which the pipes to be fused are gripped so substantially around their circumferences as to resist their deformation from round during manipulation by the machine. The top-loading machine minimizes the need for heavy equipment to load and unload pipe to and from the fusion machine.

Abstract: A Thermal Bonding Method and Apparatus to thermally bond sheets of fill in a cooling tower fill pack. The apparatus creates a hemispherical joint extending through two fill sheets to provide a substantial joint between said sheets.

Abstract: Welding apparatus (10; 30) having a safety feature comprising: two electrodes (11, 12; 21, 22), whereof at least one of said two electrodes is movably arranged in relation to the other electrode. The electrodes are in non-contact with each other and define a gap (13) in which an object (14) provided with an electrically non-conductive surface to be sealed may be inserted. The welding apparatus comprises an actuator (15; 25) configured to move at least one electrode when activated to squeeze the object, a detector (16; 26) configured to determine a clamping force when the inserted object (14) is squeezed between the electrodes, a distance sensor (17; 23) configured to measure the distance between the electrodes. There is also a conductance sensor (24) configured to measure the conductivity of an object located between the electrodes (11, 12; 21,22) when the object (14) is squeezed, and optionally a position sensor (19b) configured to detect the position of the object (14) inserted between the electrodes.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a multilayer fiber structure includes providing a receiving surface being formed by a first surface region of a contoured tool surface of a forming tool component and a support surface of a support component. Further, at least one fiber layer is formed on the receiving surface by laying down a plurality of fiber tapes onto the receiving surface. A roller device is positioned so as to press the at least one fiber layer against the tool surface and the support component and the roller device are synchronously moved along a curved transition region connects the first surface region to a second surface region of the tool surface. Thereby the at least one fiber layer is abutted against the transition region and the second surface region of the tool surface. Further, a tool system for manufacturing a multilayer fiber structure is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a plank stringer for use in an aircraft includes grouping a plurality of stacked plies of reinforcing material into a plurality of charges, where each charge in the plurality of charges includes a substack of plies. The method also includes grouping the plurality of charges into two or more groups such that, for each charge in a given group, a respective substack of plies includes a sequence of orientation angles with respect to a longitudinal axis of the plank stringer corresponding to the given group. The method also includes laying up each group of charges as a continuous blanket of plies, where each continuous blanket of plies includes the respective substack of plies for each charge in the respective group. The method also includes cutting each continuous blanket of plies into the respective group of charges and stacking the plurality of charges to form the plank stringer.

Abstract: Tape layup systems and associated methods. A tape layup system includes a feed spool and an uptake spool. The feed spool is configured to carry a tape roll of tackifier tape that includes a tackifier material and a backing material, and the uptake spool is configured to carry a backing material roll of the backing material. The tape layup system further includes a torque transmission system configured to convey a torque from the feed spool to the uptake spool. The tape layup system is configured such that conveying a torque from the feed spool to the uptake spool operates to draw the backing material onto the backing material roll. A method of operating a tape layup system includes generating tension in a tackifier tape to rotate a feed spool and consequently rotating an uptake spool to draw a backing material onto a backing material roll.

Abstract: One embodiment of a method according to the present disclosure may use a fixture with one or more boot recesses formed therein. An embedded member may be engaged with a boot and placed in a boot recess. Substrate lay-up may be placed around all or a portion of the embedded member and an outer member may be positioned over the substrate lay-up. A cover may be positioned over the outer member and engaged with the fixture. The pressure within an interior portion of the fixture may be reduced to less than ambient pressure and resin may be introduced to interact with the substrate lay-up and allowed to cure.

Abstract: A guiding device for guiding a fiber texture on an impregnation mandrel of a winding machine, the device including a first radial spacer for placing facing a first cheekplate of the impregnation mandrel, a second radial spacer for placing facing a second cheekplate of the impregnation mandrel, and a cross-member suitable for supporting the first and second spacers, the cross-member including an adjustment system for adjusting the positions of the first and second spacers and suitable for positioning the first and second spacers apart respectively from the first and second cheekplates of the impregnation mandrel so as to hold a first portion of fiber texture that extends along the first cheekplate pressed against the first cheekplate, and a second portion fiber texture that extends along the second cheekplate pressed against the second cheekplate, without blocking rotation of the impregnation mandrel.

Abstract: A combination structure for a hose connected between a tire and an air compressor is disclosed. The air compressor includes a box in which a compressor unit and a sealant bottle are installed. The sealant bottle has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet of the sealant bottle is connected to one outlet tube of the compressor unit. The hose has a first end and a second end. The first end of the hose is adapted to be connected to the outlet tube of the sealant bottle. The second end of the hose can be connected to the combination structure, which generally includes a cap, a core element, and a plug. With the combination structure, the chemical sealant contained in the sealant bottle can be prevented from flowing out to contaminate objects due to incorrect operation or negligence.

Abstract: A tire manufacturing method includes: a step of arranging rubber inside a spring antenna of an electronic component having a communication function, a step of interposing by rubber sheets the electronic component having the spring antenna into which rubber was arranged, and a setting step of arranging the electronic component interposed by rubber sheets in a tire.

Abstract: A tire cure mold has a tire molding face, a mounting groove provided to the tire molding face and a stencil plate mounted into the mounting groove. The stencil plate has a front face that faces a cavity, a back face that faces a bottom face of the mounting groove, and a through hole extending from the front face to the back face. A recessed portion for forming a protruding identification mark on the outer surface of the tire is provided to the front face. A first protruding portion corresponding to the recessed portion is provided to the back face. A second protruding portion that protrudes toward the bottom face of the mounting groove is provided to an outer edge portion of the stencil plate at least at a periphery of the through hole.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying pressure to at least a portion of an edge surface, which bridges opposing faces of a workpiece, comprises a frame, a first roller, a second roller, a rotation-control member, a first biasing member, and a second biasing member. The first roller and the second roller are coupled to the frame, are rotatable relative to the frame about a first pivot axis, and are translationally fixed relative to the frame. The rotation-control member is coupled to and is movable relative to the frame, controlling rotation of the first roller and the second roller relative to the frame. The first biasing member is coupled to the first roller and to the second roller and is configured to operate in tension. The second biasing member is positioned, in compression, between the frame and the rotation-control member.

Abstract: A press includes a movable platen and a non-moving platen within a housing defining a pressing chamber, an opening is defined at the top of the pressing chamber for receiving a juice pack and an outlet is defined in a front wall of the chamber vertically between the top and bottom of the movable platen. The lid may include a front portion extending over the front of the pressing chamber and defining a slot that is aligned with a slot defined by the front wall to form the outlet. The front wall, the lid, and a sidewall may be removable for cleaning. The juice pack may have edges defining a rectangle with a spout at a first corner and an aperture for suspending the juice pack in the pressing chamber at a second corner that is intersected by a same edge intersecting the first corner.

Abstract: A screw press for separating off liquid from an article, comprising a screw shaft together with a conveying helix, which is arranged helically on the screw shaft, and a housing enclosure, which surrounds the conveying helix, wherein a transporting passage for the article which is to be conveyed is formed between the screw shaft, the conveying helix and the housing enclosure, wherein a composite comprising hard-material particles which are embedded in a matrix component to form surface roughness is fastened with material bonding to at least one surface portion of the screw shaft, within the transporting passage. A use of a composite comprising hard-material particles which are embedded in a uniformly distributed manner in a matrix component to form surface roughness, for the purpose of providing fastening with material bonding to at least one surface portion of a screw shaft.

Abstract: A press machine includes a machine body that is able to press a workpiece and a notifier that notifies an operator of the operation of the machine body or the state of the workpiece in advance using at least one of a sound and light selected in accordance with the operation of the machine body.

Abstract: A bag making and packaging machine has pull-down belt mechanisms, a transverse sealing mechanism, a rotatable folding member, and a gas blowing mechanism. The folding member, before the transverse sealing mechanism, seals a cylindrical film, pushes against a side portion of the cylindrical film to thereby fold the cylindrical film inward and form a fold in the cylindrical film. The gas blowing mechanism blows a gas onto the fold to thereby inhibit the cylindrical film from sticking to the rotating folding member.

Abstract: An apparatus for filling a pouch type package with a liquid product, comprising a plurality of stations arranged to consecutively receive and handle the pouch type package, the plurality of stations comprising a filling station for filling the product compartment with the liquid product, a sealing station for sealing the product compartment and comprising a first sealing member arranged to provide the pouch type package with a first seal closing the filling duct, a gas filling station arranged to introduce gas into the handle compartment, and a transfer unit comprising a gripping member for retrieving the package from the gas filling station and transferring it to a neighboring down-stream situated station. A gas sealing unit (36) integrated in the gripping member of the transfer unit, the gas sealing unit (36) comprising a second sealing member (37) arranged to provide the pouch type package with a second seal entrapping gas introduced into the handle compartment.

Abstract: A sheet processor subjecting a sheet having been conveyed forward to processing along a direction perpendicular to a conveyance direction of the sheet, includes: a processing unit performing the processing; and a receiving unit receiving the processing unit therein in a state capable of perfecting the processing on the sheet, and the processing unit includes a first processing tool 4A and a second processing tool 4B disposed to vertically oppose each other with a conveyance surface of the sheet disposed therebetween, and the receiving unit includes at least one receiver that removably receives the first processing tool 4A and the second processing tool 4B in the state capable of performing the processing on the sheet, with arbitrarily selected one of the first processing tool 4A and the second processing tool 4B disposed above the conveyance surface, and with arbitrarily selected another of the first processing tool 4A and the second processing tool 4B disposed below the conveyance surface.

Abstract: An article comprising a flexible mesh layer pliable enough for being arranged in direct planar contact with a contoured surface, the mesh layer providing one or more attributes of adhering, sealing or reinforcing to a surface receiving the flexible mesh.

Abstract: A method for providing a honeycomb core assembly that includes obtaining a honeycomb core having at least first and second cells that each define a cell interior having an open bottom and an open top, contacting the honeycomb core with a liquid foaming adhesive, contacting a hardening agent with the liquid foaming adhesive, and allowing the hardening agent and liquid foaming adhesive to react to harden and form a first barrier member that spans the cell interior of the first cell and a second barrier member that spans the cell interior of the second cell, thereby forming the honeycomb core assembly.

Abstract: A laminated substrate for an electrochromic dimmer element includes a glass substrate; and a transparent conductive film. The glass substrate includes a silicon oxide, an aluminum oxide, a boron oxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide, and an alkali metal oxide in a total amount of 90 mol % or more, and includes the alkali metal oxide in a total amount of 12 mol % or less. The transparent conductive film includes an indium oxide film containing tin, and a tin oxide film containing at least one of tantalum, antimony and fluorine, in this order from a glass substrate side. The indium oxide film is formed directly on the glass substrate, a refractive index and an extinction coefficient of the indium oxide film at a wavelength of 1.3 ?m is less than 0.4, and greater than 0.4, respectively. A film thickness of the tin oxide film is greater than 35 nm.

Abstract: Provided is a sheet-type molded body that is formed by sewing a sheet, wherein thread is used for at least part of said sewing, the thread being composed of a resin composition for thread containing resin for thread, the thread having a melting point of no more than 200° C., and a laminate comprising: the sheet-type molded body; and a polyurethane foam formed body, the sheet-type molded body, and the laminate comprising: the sheet-type molded body; and a polyurethane foam layer being able to be produced by a simple method at low cost without damaging design qualities over time, and making it possible to prevent leakage of raw material etc. from sewed portions when backed with the polyurethane foam layer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a fused sheet for electromagnetic wave absorption/extinction and shielding, and for electronic equipment high heat dissipation. The fused sheet for electromagnetic wave absorption/extinction and shielding, and for electronic equipment high heat dissipation of the present invention includes a premolded graphite sheet prepared by molding a graphite substrate into a sheet form having a density in a range of 0.1-1.5 g/cm3 and an incomplete state of crystal structure; and a porous metal sheet having a plurality of pores connected to upper and lower surfaces of the porous metal sheet, wherein the premolded graphite sheet is stacked on one surface of the porous metal sheet, and press molded to be integrally attached and combined, so as to have a density of 1.6 g/cm3-6.0 g/cm3.

Abstract: A structure containing a Sn layer or a Sn alloy layer includes a substrate, a Sn layer or Sn alloy layer formed above the substrate, and an under barrier metal formed between the substrate and the Sn layer or Sn alloy layer in the form of a single metal layer containing any one of Fe, Co, Ru and Pd, or an alloy layer containing two or more of Fe, Co, Ru and Pd.

Abstract: A metal-clad laminate (1) includes a thermoplastic liquid crystal polymer film (2), a metal deposition layer (4) formed on one surface of the thermoplastic liquid crystal polymer film (2), and metal foil (6) laminated to the other surface of the thermoplastic liquid crystal polymer film (2).

Abstract: Thermoplastic film suitable as an intermediate layer for a laminated glass pane, wherein the thermoplastic film includes a defined region, which is provided for a camera window or an HUD (head-up display) region that has a non-zero wedge angle, and a region surrounding the defined region on all sides, in which the thermoplastic film has a substantially constant thickness, wherein the maximum thickness in the defined region of the thermoplastic film is less than the thickness in the surrounding region.