Abstract: Provided is an oven comprising an air guide configured to guide the flow of air discharged from a discharge passage. The oven comprises: a main body having an open cavity; a door for opening and closing the oven cavity; a handle disposed on the upper portion of the front surface of the door; an air blower fan disposed on the top of the oven cavity so as to blow air suctioned from the outside of the main body; the discharge passage configured to discharge the air suctioned by the air blower fan to the outside of the main body; and the air guide disposed on one end of the discharge passage so as to divide the flow of air discharged through the discharge passage into an upper portion and a lower portion.

Abstract: Proposed is a cooking appliance having a function capable of manually opening a door even when a closed state of the door is maintained. The cooking appliance includes: a main body having a cooking chamber defined therein; a door mounted rotatably to the main body; and a latch module provided in the main body and controlling the opening and closing of the door, wherein the latch module includes: a latch installed rotatably at an end thereof, an elastic body installed at a side of the latch and forcing the latch to be rotated in one direction by applying an elastic force to the latch; a driving part installed at a side of the elastic body and supplying power to the latch; a cam provided at a side of the driving part; and a lever bracket having an end thereof connected to the latch.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a ventilation system comprising a housing that includes a plurality of panels. At least one socket can be defined through at least one of the panels and the socket can be coupled to an electricity source. In some embodiments, the ventilation system can include at least one illumination system that can include a socket interface, an extension member, and at least one illumination device. The socket interface can be configured to engage the socket and the extension member can be capable of moving in a plurality of directions.

Abstract: A ventilation hood system is provided. The ventilation hood system includes a hood body defining an interior through which cooking vapors are passable, a support system affixed to a fixed body and supportive of an entire weight of the hood body and a weight sensing system operably coupled to the support system to sense and monitor the entire weight of the hood body over time.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a control panel mechanism of a range hood. The control panel mechanism comprises a glass panel (1) and a control component (2), a plurality of mounting plates (4) each having two ends are disposed on the back of the glass panel (1), one end of each mounting plate (4) is connected to the control component (2) by a plurality of first fasteners (6); the mounting plates (4) are detachably connected to a front side plate (31) of a housing (2) of the range hood, and the mounting plates (4) is attached to a top plate (32) of the housing (2) by a second fastener (7). So that it is very convenient to assemble and disassemble the control component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a ventilation apparatus including an exhaust pipe of an induction hood in which a position change of piping in a discharge direction is freely performed. The ventilation apparatus, which includes a first pipe connected to a suction port through which contaminated air is sucked, a second pipe configured to guide the contaminated air and include a first connection portion connected to the first pipe and a second connection portion extending from the first connection portion, the second pipe being detachably coupled to the first pipe so that the position of the second connection portion is able to be changed, and a third pipe connected to the second pipe and include a discharge port through which the contaminated air is discharged, the third pipe being configured to be rotatable with respect to the second pipe so that the position of the discharge port is able to be changed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a building envelope, in particular a building wall, floor, or roof, having at least two spaced-apart shells that enclose an intermediate space there between, the intermediate space being essentially empty except for weight-bearing and/or construction engineering elements or being filled in at least some sections with porous, open-cell material and being sealed from the exterior and interior of the building. A plurality of heat pipes which are connected to a heat collector on the shell facing the exterior and which end in the intermediate space is arranged in the intermediate space.

Abstract: A control unit (100, 120, 130) adapted to regulate at least one de-bacterisation unit (201) of a fluid system (200, 210, 230) is described. The fluid system (200, 210, 230) comprises the de-bacterisation unit, a production unit for producing a heated fluid heated to a predetermined temperature, at least one pipe for transporting the fluid from the production unit to at least one fluid outlet, at least one fluid outlet and at least one sensing unit for sensing a temperature of the fluid at a first location in the fluid system as a function of time. The control unit (100, 120, 130) includes a module (101, 124) adapted for obtaining temperatures at a plurality of locations in the fluid system as function of time and programmed for modelling bacterial growth in the fluid in the fluid system as function of time based on the obtained temperature in the system and for predicting, based on the modelling, the bacterial concentration at the at least one fluid outlet over time.

Abstract: A bacteria abatement water heater abates bacterial growth and includes a fluid-isolated heat exchanger; a water heating container that heats water to a high water temperature that is greater than or equal to a kill temperature for bacteria; a hot water delivery conduit including a transitional cooling zone in thermal communication with the fluid-isolated heat exchanger and that provides bacteria-free water from the water heating container at a safe temperature.

Abstract: A fuel-fired heating appliance has two fuel flow paths to a burner, each actuatable to a closed state and to an open state. A heat exchanger is in fluid communication with an area proximate the burner. A controller executes the steps: (a) while the first fuel flow path is closed, opening the second flow path; (b) following ignition of fuel flowing from the second flow path, opening the first fuel flow path; and (c) following step (b), closing the second fuel flow path while opening the first fuel flow path.

Abstract: To prevent wind leakage and dew condensation in a rotating portion of a rotating unit in a ceiling-embedded air conditioner having, in an air blowing part of a decorative panel, the rotating unit that rotates around an axis that is normal to a virtual plane of the rear surface side of the decorative panel that is parallel to the bottom surface of a body unit. An outer flange is formed on an the outer peripheral side of a rotating ring attached to a rotating unit, an inner flange that constitutes a thrust bearing together with the outer flange is formed on the inner peripheral side of an opening into which the rotating ring is fitted, and a sealing material is provided between the inner flange and the outer flange.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) unit includes a cabinet defining a cabinet interior configured to house components of the HVAC unit. The cabinet includes an opening defining an air flow path between the cabinet interior and an external environment. The HVAC unit also includes a fan assembly including fan blades configured to move an air flow through the opening, wherein the fan assembly is configured to enable translation of the fan blades through the opening between a shipping arrangement in which the fan blades are disposed in the cabinet interior and an operational arrangement in which the fan blades are disposed in the external environment.

Abstract: An air conditioning system comprising a housing having an internal cavity, said cavity having an entrance and an exit, wherein said housing is made from at least one of terra cotta, brick or stone; a first layer of sea salt in said cavity; a layer of a drying agent on said layer of sea salt in said cavity; a second layer of sea salt on said layer of drying agent in said cavity; and a pump connected to said cavity exit; wherein said pump draws air in through said cavity entrance, through said second sea salt layer, said drying agent layer and at least a portion of said first sea salt layer and out through said cavity exit.

Abstract: To solve the problem of low heat dissipation efficiency of existing electrical control modules an air conditioner is provided that includes an outdoor unit, and the outdoor unit has an air outlet and includes an electrical control box; the electrical control box includes an electrical control module configured with a heat dissipation unit; the heat dissipation unit includes a heat dissipation assembly and a flow guide member enclosing the heat dissipation assembly, the flow guide member and the heat dissipation assembly form an air discharge region close to the air outlet, and the flow guide member and the heat dissipation assembly form an air intake region remote from the air outlet; the air discharge region is smaller than the air intake region. As a result, the velocity of air flowing through the heat dissipation assembly is increased and the heat dissipation efficiency is improved.

Abstract: A blower includes: an outside/inside air box into which outside air and inside air are introduced; an impeller to suck and blow out air introduced into the air box; a casing having a bell mouth that forms an air suction port to the impeller, the casing forming a ventilation passage on an outer side of the impeller in a radial direction; and a plate-shaped member provided with a predetermined gap relative to the casing and the bell mouth. A gap passage is defined between the casing and the plate-shaped member. A guide rib is provided at a part of the gap passage opposite to an opening through which air flows into the gap passage. The guide rib guides air flowing through the gap passage in a circumferential direction of the bell mouth.

Abstract: A method for conditioning air, the method comprising flowing a first air flow within a first ventilation system past a first cooling coil, which is connected to a cooling system with a cooling fluid and a cooler, characterised in that the temperature of the first air flow, when passing the first cooling coil, is lower than the temperature of the cooling fluid flowing through the first cooling coil and that the first air flow is heated and the cooling fluid flowing through the first cooling coil is cooled, when the first air flow passes through the first cooling coil.

Abstract: Fume extraction device, in particular laboratory fume extraction device, including a housing with an operating chamber that is accessible to an operator through an operating hole in the housing; the operating chamber is defined by a base, side walls and a cover; the operating hole and/or at least one fresh air supply hole in the area of the operating hole is/are provided for allowing fresh air to flow into the operating chamber, and at least one waste air hole in the area of the cover is provided for allowing waste air to escape. At least one filter holder for accommodating at least one filter element is placed upstream of the at least one waste air hole; the at least one filter holder is accessible through the operating hole such that the filter element is accessible and replaceable from the operating chamber.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) unit includes an air flow amplifier coupled to a fan deck of the HVAC unit. The air flow amplifier includes a ring having an annular cavity and an air flow inlet formed in the ring. The air flow inlet is configured to direct an air flow into the annular cavity. The air flow amplifier also includes a first annular air flow outlet formed in the ring and configured to direct a first portion of the air flow out of the annular cavity and along an inner diameter of the ring. The air flow amplifier further includes a second annular air flow outlet formed in the ring and configured to direct a second portion of the air flow out of the annular cavity and along the inner diameter of the ring.

Abstract: Disclosed is an approach for detecting that a state of an air-conditioning system in a building has changed and ultimately determining the air-conditioning system's operating pattern, which could help improve collection and/or use of crowdsourced data for an indoor positioning solution and thus lead to more accurate position estimates. According to the disclosed approach, processor(s) may receive pressure and movement data from a mobile device. The pressure data may indicate a pressure change, and the movement data may indicate a movement pattern of the mobile device that occurred substantially during the pressure change. Given this, processor(s) could make a determination that the movement pattern lacks a substantial change in altitude of the mobile device during the pressure change and could use this determination as basis to detect that the state of the air-conditioning system has changed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an approach for detecting that a state of an air-conditioning system in a building has changed and ultimately determining the air-conditioning system's operating pattern, which could help improve collection and/or use of crowdsourced data for an indoor positioning solution and thus lead to more accurate position estimates. According to the disclosed approach, while a mobile device is in the building, processor(s) may detect that the mobile device is stationary and may responsively (i) cause the mobile device to provide pressure data representing air pressure in the building while the mobile device is stationary and (ii) subsequently receive the pressure data from the mobile device. And based on the pressure data indicating a pressure change and representing air pressure in the building while the mobile device is stationary, processor(s) may detect that a state of the air-conditioning system in the building has changed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an approach for detecting that a state of an air-conditioning system in a building has changed and ultimately determining the air-conditioning system's operating pattern, which could help improve collection and/or use of crowdsourced data for an indoor positioning solution and thus lead to more accurate position estimates. According to the disclosed approach, processor(s) may receive sets of altitude data respectively from groups of mobile devices in the building, each set being associated with a respective time period, and could determine floor models of the building respectively based on the sets. Then, processor(s) could make a determination that at least one of the floor models is different from others, and could use this determination to detect that a state of the air-conditioning system has changed during particular time period(s), which are associated with set(s) of altitude data used to determine the at least one floor model.

Abstract: An apparatus for delivering circulating water includes a cooling/warming controller configured to perform heat exchange of circulating water supplied to a cooling/warming apparatus using a refrigerant; an indoor-unit controller configured to perform heat exchange of circulating water supplied to an indoor unit using the refrigerant; and a mode change unit (MCU) configured to control a flow of the refrigerant supplied to the cooling/warming controller and the indoor-unit controller according to an operation mode of the cooling/warming apparatus and the indoor unit. The cooling/warming controller and the indoor-unit controller may be configured to share a circulating water passage through which the circulating water moves.

Abstract: A system and method are described for self-diagnosing heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The system and method correlate an HVAC control mode of a particular HVAC unit with an energy usage for the particular HVAC unit in order to match normal patterns in energy usage with the HVAC control mode. This correlation allows the system and method to identify potential problems with the particular HVAC unit based on deviations from normal patterns.

Abstract: An energy management system is disclosed for optimizing energy usage of HVAC equipment in a building complex. The energy management system is configured to be integrated into an existing Building Automation System (“BAS system”) in order to process the data points in a less time consuming and efficient manner relative to known systems that map one point at a time. The BAS system data points are “point mapped”, i.e., uploaded to a file in the “cloud”, and are updated continuously as a function of time and deposited in a “bucket” in which the data points are unfiltered. These data points can then be filtered by node path and equipment in order to bulk tag equipment and bulk tag points in each of the buildings. These bulk tagged points data points can then be linked to specific rules in an analytical rules library. The system automatically applies predetermined analytical rules to tagged HVAC data points without specific knowledge of the rule by the user.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes; an air temperature detection unit configured to detect air temperature in an air-conditioned space; a human body detection unit configured to detect human bodies in the air-conditioned space; an estimation unit configured to estimate thermal sensation of persons detected by the human body detection unit; and a control unit configured to correct a value of the air temperature or set temperature based on the thermal sensation of all of the detected persons estimated by the estimation unit, and to control a refrigeration cycle by using the corrected value.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an artificial intelligence (AI) based apparatus and method for forecasting energy usage, which are capable of automatically collecting data on monthly power usage to forecast energy usage. The artificial intelligence (AI) based apparatus and method for forecasting energy usage receives a request for providing power usage forecasting information of a first period including a current month with respect to an electronic apparatus of a user, divides a use period of the electronic apparatus into first to third sections, loads, from a memory, power actual-use data of a user or a plurality of users during the use period or a predetermined second period before the current month, calculates a daily forecasting weight given a weight based on weather or holiday information of the first period, and generates the power usage forecasting information based on the power actual-use data.

Abstract: To solve the problem that a resonance phenomenon occurs between an outdoor unit and a compressor of existing air conditioners, embodiments include a compressor and a pipeline connected to the compressor. A control method includes obtaining a vibration displacement of the pipeline during the operation of the air conditioner and recording it as a first vibration displacement; obtaining the vibration displacement of the pipeline again after time has elapsed and recording it as a second vibration displacement; and selectively adjusting operating parameters of the compressor according to the first vibration displacement and the second vibration displacement. The vibration condition of the outdoor unit is determined through the real-time vibration condition and the vibration change condition of the pipeline so the air conditioner can selectively change the operating parameters of the compressor according to the vibration condition. Thus the vibration condition of the compressor is changed to avoid pipeline damage.

Abstract: For controlling energy transfer (Q) of a thermal energy exchanger of an HVAC system, a control system determines flow-dependent model parameters (M) for modelling performance of the thermal energy exchanger, using a plurality of measurement data sets, each measurement data set including for a respective measurement time a value of a measured flow of fluid (?act), a value of a measured supply temperature (Tsup) of the fluid, and a value of the measured return temperature (Tret) of the fluid. The control system calculates an estimated energy transfer (Qest) of the thermal energy exchanger, using the flow-dependent model parameters (M), and controls (S4) the energy transfer (Q) of the thermal energy exchanger by regulating (S5) the flow of fluid (?) through the thermal energy exchanger, using the estimated energy transfer (Qest).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling an air conditioner by recognizing a zone on the basis of artificial intelligence, a server and an air conditioner, and the air conditioner according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a controller for generating first space classification data for dividing a blowing zone into two or more on the basis of human body sensing data generated by a vision module and an image; and a communication unit for transmitting the human body sensing data to a server and receiving second space classification data from the server, wherein the controller controls the operation of the air conditioner by comparing the first space classification data and the second space classification data and dividing the blowing zone into a concentrated blowing zone and a non-concentrated blowing zone.

Abstract: A controller for an economizer that provides outdoor air to a conditioned space. The controller includes an error calculator configured determine an indoor air quality (IAQ) setpoint error based on an actual IAQ and an IAQ setpoint, an outdoor air flow (OAF) setpoint adjuster configured to determine an adjusted OAF setpoint based on at least one of the IAQ setpoint error, an initial OAF setpoint, and an OAF setpoint upper limit, and a proportional variable deadband controller (PVDC) configured to adjust an operational deadband of the economizer and adjust an operation of at least one of an actuator and a damper of the economizer to achieve the adjusted OAF based on at least one of an actual OAF and the adjusted OAF setpoint. Achieving the adjusted OAF drives the actual IAQ to the IAQ setpoint.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention are directed towards a system and a method of controlling temperature of different zones inside premises based on determining an effective temperature set point. One or more dynamically sensed parameters are received from a plurality of sensors strategically placed within and outside of a building. One or more static parameters corresponding to building configurations and temperature thresholds from a memory unit are retrieved. A correlation engine determines the effective temperature set point for individual VAV controller associated with a particular pre-defined zone in the building by establishing a correlation between the one or more dynamically sensed parameters and static parameters corresponding to that zone. The effective temperature setpoint is transmitted to a VAV controller for associated zone.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are related to a system, a method, and a non-transitory computer readable storing instructions for operating an energy plant comprised of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) devices. In one aspect, the system generates gradient data indicating a gradient of operating performance of the energy plant with respect to values of a plurality of control variables of HVAC devices. The system determines, from the plurality of control variables, a reduced group of control variables of the HVAC devices based on the gradient data. The system determines a set of values of the reduced group of control variables. The system operates the energy plant according to the determined set of values of the reduced group of control variables.

Abstract: A ventilation device control apparatus includes an image acquisition unit, a first calculation unit, and a ventilation control unit. The image acquisition unit acquires a captured image from an image capturing device that captures an image of a target space. The first calculation unit calculates a metabolic rate equivalent amount of a person in the target space, based on the captured image acquired by the image acquisition unit. The ventilation control unit adjusts a ventilation volume of the target space by a ventilation device that ventilates the target space, based on the metabolic rate equivalent amount calculated by the first calculation unit. A ventilation system further includes the image capturing device and the ventilation device.

Abstract: An extremum seeking controller includes a processing circuit configured to modulate a manipulated variable provided as an input to a plant using an extremum-seeking control technique to drive a gradient of an objective function with respect to the manipulated variable toward an extremum. The objective function includes a performance variable characterizing a performance of the plant responsive to the manipulated variable. The objective function also includes a saturation adjustment term that becomes active as the plant approaches a saturation point and remains active as the plant operates within a saturated region past the saturation point. The saturation adjustment term causes the processing circuit to adjust the manipulated variable toward a value of the manipulated variable that returns the plant from the saturated region to a non-saturated region.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention are directed towards a system and a method for performing calibration of variable air volume (VAV) units. One or more embodiments of the invention describe the method comprising steps of turning off a fan of an air handling unit and calibrating one or more airflow sensors associated with one or more reference variable air volume (VAV) units of the plurality of variable air volume (VAV) units using a step measure technique or using a value of airflow of the one or more supply ducts measured by an airflow sensor of the air handling unit or by an airflow sensor in the one or more supply ducts and determining a reference airflow value of the one or more reference VAV units. The method also describes a step of calibrating other airflow sensors associated with other variable air volume (VAV) units based on the reference airflow value.

Abstract: A control method for an air conditioner indoor unit is provided. The air conditioner indoor unit has a housing, a drain pan, an air deflector, a door, and a sweeping strip. In a wind-free mode of the indoor unit, an orthographic projection of the air deflector in the drain pan is located in the drain pan. According to the method, the air conditioner indoor unit enables the non-draught mode; when receiving an instruction of ending the non-draught mode, the air conditioner indoor unit controls the door to move back and forth for n times to close and open the air outlet, so as to drive the sweeping strip to move to sweep the condensate water on the surface of the air deflector, n being greater than 0; and the wind-free mode is ended.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes a fan configured to send air to an air-conditioned space, a fan motor configured to drive the fan, a duct having a plurality of air outlets, the air sent by the fan flowing through the duct, a detection unit configured to detect an air flow rate of the fan, a damper provided to each of the plurality of air outlets, and a fan motor control unit configured to control a rotation speed of the fan motor such that the air flow rate assumes a constant value relative to variations in an opening degree of the damper of a plurality of dampers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a living-type appliance, and provides a multipurpose air controller which may be used for various purposes according to its use, such as a fan, a fan heater, a laundry drier, a fixing type hair drier, an air shutter and a foot heater used while being horizontally placed on a bottom.

Abstract: A relay includes a first relay unit and a second relay unit provided between an outdoor unit and an indoor unit to allow refrigerant to circulate between the first relay unit and the outdoor unit and between the second relay unit and the outdoor unit, and a heat medium circuit connecting the first relay unit and the second relay unit to the indoor unit to allow a heat medium to circulate through the heat medium circuit. The second relay unit is installed above or on a top of the first relay unit.

Abstract: An adaptive flow limit controller for controlling a flow rate of a fluid through a heat exchanger includes a processing circuit. The processing circuit is configured to use an adaptive model to determine a threshold flow rate of the fluid through the heat exchanger at which a gradient of a temperature difference of the fluid across the heat exchanger with respect to the flow rate of the fluid through the heat exchanger has a threshold gradient value. The processing circuit is configured to operate a flow control device to maintain the flow rate of the fluid of through the heat exchanger at less than or equal to the threshold flow rate.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes: room temperature sensors; room temperature setting units; a compressor that causes refrigerant to circulate through an outdoor heat exchanger, electric expansion valves, and indoor heat exchangers; a calculation unit including an integrator for a temperature deviation; an output unit that outputs a total opening degree; a calculation unit that uses a required capacity and the total opening degree; a derivation unit that obtains a distance function with a valve opening degree and a temporary valve opening degree as an evaluation function; a derivation unit that obtains equality constraints for equalizing the sum of opening degrees as a variable to the total opening degree; a calculation unit that calculates upper and lower limits of each opening degree; a derivation unit that obtains inequality constraints in which each opening degree falls within the range between the upper and lower limits; and a calculation unit that calculates the opening degrees from the evaluation

Abstract: The flexible duct connector processing system of the present invention comprises a decoiler machine and a processing machine. The decoiler machine stores one or more rolls of flexible duct connector stock which are fed to the processing machine. The processing machine beads, notches, and cuts the flexible duct connector stock according to programmed instructions received from a control system. A conveyor system disposed after the processing machine optionally collects the cut flexible duct connector stock and conveys it in batches.

Abstract: A vent system comprises a floor covering member for use as a finished floor and a metal member. The floor covering member comprises a plurality of first openings and has a first thickness that has been reduced by a first amount and the metal member is secured to a bottom surface of the reduced-thickness floor covering member. The metal member has a plurality of second openings aligned with the plurality of first openings.

Abstract: An air purification device including an interchangeable lower body according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: an upper body opened at an upper portion thereof, selectively having therein an electronic circuit configured to operate the air purification device, and having, at the upper portion thereof, an air discharge unit configured to discharge purified air, the upper body being configured to be connected to one of interchangeable lower bodies having different capacities; and the lower body opened at an upper portion thereof and coupled to the upper body by being brought into contact with a lower portion of the upper body, the lower body having a vacant space into which a filter configured to purify air is inserted, selectively having therein an electronic circuit configured to operate the air purification device, and having an air intake unit provided on an outer surface thereof to draw in contaminated air.

Abstract: Disclosed is an air conditioner including a main body, a panel assembly configured to cover a front surface of the main body and coupled to the main body, and a cam assembly including a cam and disposed below the panel assembly, wherein the cam includes a cam contact surface formed along a rotation direction of the cam, the cam contact surface includes a first contact portion and a second contact portion formed to be in contact with the panel assembly at different heights, and the panel assembly is configured to be detachable from the main body by moving up and down with the rotation of the cam.

Abstract: A tray for an HVAC controller includes a tray base, a first mounting tab secured to the tray base and configured to interlock with a corresponding mount of a cabinet of an indoor unit of an HVAC system, a mounting bracket secured to the tray base and comprising an aperture for receiving a mounting screw therethrough, a drip wall that extends up from the tray base, and a cover extending up from the tray base that includes a wall and a top plate. The cover is positioned to protect a component of the HVAC controller from impact when the HVAC controller is installed in the tray.

Abstract: A nesting equipment support pad is disclosed, in particular an outdoor air conditioner compressor pad. The pad comprises a parallelogram upper surface which contacts the compressor and descending side walls from each edge of the parallelogram upper surface. Two side walls include a notch to accommodate a matching notch of another identical support pad when placed in a nesting arrangement. These notched corners are at diagonally opposing corners of each pad permitting the nesting arrangements. Additional, support rib members and protrusions are located within the cavity formed by the four side walls to provide strength and rigidity. These rib members and protrusions are placed in an offset manner to permit the nesting arrangement without interference with the mating pad.

Abstract: A fluid heating system for heating a production fluid using a thermal transfer fluid, the production fluid being contained in a vessel includes an electric blower configured to receive ambient air and electrical input power and to provide output source air, a combustion system configured to receive the source air from the electric blower and to receive fuel and to provide the thermal transfer fluid, a heat exchanger configured to receive the thermal transfer fluid from the combustion system and configured to provide heat exchange from the thermal transfer fluid to the production fluid, and to provide output exhaust gas, and wherein the electric fan provides a predetermined volume flow rate of the output source air at a predetermined blower efficiency such that the fluid heating system has a Bulk Heat Flux of at least about 14.7 kBTU/Hr/ft2 and a Pressure Drop of at least about 0.7 psi.

Abstract: An electrical heater device comprises an heating element, which includes two electrodes and a heating body made of a polymer-based material having a PTC effect, in contact with the electrodes. Each electrode comprises a meshed structure, which extends in a length direction and in a width direction, and is embedded at least partially in the heating body. Each electrode further comprises an electrical-distribution element which is fixed to the meshed structure and includes a distribution portion that extends in the length direction, or in the width direction, or in both the length and width directions of the meshed structure.

Abstract: A controller for an electric booster element in a water heater is described. The electric booster element is powered from mains power and the controller comprises a control module and a capacitive module adapted to store power and supply stored power to the control module. The control module produces a control signal for controlling a relay to supply or restrict mains power supply to said booster element, said control signal depending at least in part on time of use data.